National Standard of the Peoples Republic of China

GB 700-88
Carbon structural steels ( extract
! "echnical re#uire$ents
!%& "'pe and che$ical co$position
5.1.1 Steel type and chemical composition (melting analysis) shall accord with Table 1.
Table 1
Type Grade Chemical composition% Deoxidization
method
C Mn Si S P
maximum
Q195 - 0.060.12 0.250.50 0.30 0.050 0.045 !"!#
Q215 $ 0.090.15 0.250.55 0.30 0.050 0.045 !"!#
% 0.045
Q235 $ 0.140.22 0.300.65
1&
0.30 0.050 0.045 !"!#
% 0.120.20 0.300.'0
1&
0.045
C (0.1) 0.350.)0 0.040 0.040 #
* (0.1' 0.035 0.035 T#
Q255 $ 0.1)0.2) 0.400.'0 0.30 0.050 0.045 #
% 0.045
Q2'5 - 0.2)0.3) 0.500.)0 0.35 0.050 0.045 #
Note 1) !or "#$5%.& boiling steel the 'pper limit o( )n Content is *.+*,.
5.1.1.1 !or boiling steel the Si shall be not more than *.*-,. (or solid steel the Si shall be not
more than *.1-,.(or solid steel the minim'm content o( Si is *.1#,.
5.1.1.# D grade steel shall has ade/'ate elements which co'ld come into being crystal pattern. (or
instance %ls shall not less than *.*15, or %lt is not less than *.*#*,.
5.1.1.$ !or contents o( imp'rities Cr. Ni. C' shall all be not more than *.$*,. (or 0xygen
con1erter steel N shall not more than *.**2,. it co'ld not ma3e analysis in case the s'pplier
promised.
!or % grade steel the content o( C' may not more than *.$5, in case the demander accepted.
meanwhile the s'pplier shall (inish C' analysis o( steel and indicate the content in the "'ality
Certi(icate.
5.1.1.4 5esid'al content o( %s o( steel shall not more than *.*2*,. !or steel that (ormed (rom pig6
iron smelting with mineral rich o( %s . the %s content co'ld be negotiated by both s'pplier and
demander. 7n case there is no %s in the raw material. the %s analysis is not necessary.
5.1.1.5 !or content o( C. )n o( all types o( % grade steel and other class steel. the lower limit is
not conditions o( deli1ery. and the content o( C. )n (melting analysis) shall be indicated in the
"'ality Certi(icate. howe1er the prior basis is the mechanical properties o( steel shall accord with
this standard.
5.1.1.+ The s'pplier shall g'arantee the chemical composition (melting analysis) accord with the
table 1 while they s'pply the steel ingot (incl'ding contin'o's casting blan3) and billet steel. To
ma3e the properties o( rolled steel comply with this standard. the chemical composition o( all
types o( %. & grade steel co'ld be ad8'sted according to the demander9 s re/'irements which
co'ld sign other agreements.
5.1.# The chemical composition tolerance o( (inished steel and billet steel shall accord with table 1
o( standard :& ###.
7t shall not g'arantee the chemical composition tolerance o( (inished steel which made (rom
boiling steel. so does the billet steel.
!%( S$eltin) $ethod
Steel shall be smelted by oxygen con1erter. open hearth ('rnace. or electric ('rnace and indicated
in the contract. The smelting method generally determined by the s'pplier.
!%* +eli,er' status
7t generally deli1ery the steel with hot rolled steel stat's (incl'ding controlled rolling). 7n case the
demander re/'ire. normalizing treatment stat's is accepted 'nder the negotiation(% grade steel
excl'ded).
!%- .echanical properties
5.4.1 Tensile test and impact test shall accord with table #. bend test shall accord with table $.
Ta"+e 2
Type Grade S-re-./in0 -e1- 2mpa.- -e1-
3ie+d p4in-5
1
67mm
2
Tensile
strength
5
67mm
2
Elongation
8
5
%
Tempera-ure
9
Charpy
V-
Notch
Impact
Test

:
T/i.;ne11<*iame-er=mm T/i.;ne11<*iame-er=mm
(16 >16

40
>40

60
>60

100
>100

150
>150 (16 >16

40
>40

60
>60

100
>100

150
>15
0
minimum minimum minim
um
Q195 - ?195& ?1)5& - - - - 315390 33 32 - - - - - -
Q215 $ 215 205 195 1)5 1'5 165 335410 31 30 29 2) 2' 26 - -
% 20 2'
Q235 $ 235 225 215 205 195 1)5 3'5460 26 25 24 23 22 21 - -
% 20 2'
C 0
* -20
Q255 $ 255 245 235 225 215 205 410510 24 23 22 21 20 19 - -
% 20 2'
Q2'5 - 2'5 265 255 245 235 225 490610 20 19 1) 1' 16 15 - -
Ta"+e 3
Type Samp+e dire.-i4n C4+d "end -e1- %@2A 1)0B
T/i.;ne11<*iame-er=mm
60 >60100 >100200
the diameter o( c'r1e center d
Q195 longit'dinal 0 - -
lateral 0.5A
Q215 longit'dinal 0.5A 1.5A 2A
lateral A 2A 2.5A
Q235 longit'dinal A 2A 2.5A
lateral 1.5A 2.5A 3A
Q255 2A 3A 3.5A
Q2'5 3A 4A 4.5A
Note ;%< is the width o( the sample. ;A< is the thic3ness o( the steel (diameter).
5.4.1.1 The yield point o( type "1=5 is (or re(erence .it is not conditions o( deli1ery.
5.4.1.# 7t shall 'se lateral samples o( steel sheet and steel strip while carrying o't the stretching
and bending tests. percentage o( elongation co'ld be 1, less than that o( table # (absol'te 1al'e) .
howe1er. str'ct'ral steel shall 'se longit'dinal samples.
5.4.1.$ The cold bend test o( all types o( % grade steel is only carried o't the demander re/'ired.
The 'pper limit o( tensile strength co'ld not be regarded as conditions o( deli1ery.
5.4.# Charpy ( > notched specimens) impact test shall accord with the table #.
5.4.#.1 Charpy ( > notched specimens) absorption energy shall be arithmetic a1erage o( one serial
which is three samples9 single 1al'e. only allow one samples9 single 1al'e be less than speci(ied
1al'e and co'ld not be less than -*, o( speci(ied 1al'e.
5.4.#.# The test res'lt co'ld not be less than 5*, o( speci(ied 1al'es while carrying o't the impact
test 'sing small samples o( 5mm?1*mm?55mm.
5.4.$ The thic3ness (diameter) generally is not more than #5mm while to get the & grade steel o(
all types by rolling boiling steel.
!%! Surface #ualit'
S'r(ace /'ality o( steel shall accord with the related standards and reg'lations.
/ "est $ethods
+.1 The test items. samples /'antities. sampling method and test method o( each batch steel shall
accord with table 4.
"able -
64. 2-em Samp+e1
Cuan-i-yp.1
Samp+in0 me-/4d Te1- me-/4d
1 C/emi.a+
ana+y1i1
1
<ea./ Durna.e
num"er=
G% 222 G% 223.1223.5
G% 223.)223.12
G% 223.1)
223.19
G% 223.23
223.24
2 -en1i4n 1 G% 29'5 G% 22)!G% 639'
3 C4+d "end G% 232
4 Normal temperature
impact
3 G% 2105
5 Low-temperature
impact
G% 4159
+.1.1 )a3ing the thic3ness o( samples to #*mm by one side shaping and the diameter o( c'r1e
center shall accord with table $ while the thic3ness or diameter o( cold bend test steel is more than
#*mm. The 'ndone side shall be the o't side while testing. The diameter o( c'r1e center shall add
another thic3ness ;A< than that o( table $ while the samples are 'ndone.
+.1.# The longit'dinal axis o( impact samples shall be paralleled to rolling direction.
+.1.$ @hile carrying o't the impact test. i( the thic3ness o( steel sheet. steel strip. str'ct'ral steel
is not less than 1#mm or the diameter o( bar steel is not less than 1+mm. it shall apply
1*mm?1*mm?55mm samples. @hile carrying o't the impact test. i( the thic3ness o( steel sheet.
steel strip. str'ct'ral steel is +mm to 1#mm or the diameter o( bar steel is 1#mm to 1+mm. it shall
apply 5mm?1*mm?55mm samples. 7mpact samples may maintain one rolling plane.
7 "est rules
-.1 Steel shall be inspected and chec3ed and accepted by b'rea' o( /'ality and technical
s'per1ision.
-.# Steel shall be chec3ed and accepted by each batch which is same type. same ('rnace n'mber.
same grade. same meas'rement. same deli1ery stat's and each batch is not more than +*t.
Steel smelted by ('rnace which nominal 1ol'me is not more than $*t or rolled (rom
contin'o's casting blan3. which the % grade or & grade steel has same type and same smelting
method and casting method co'ld mix to one batch. howe1er each batch shall has not more than +
('rnace n'mber. the tolerance o( C content among di((erent ('rnace n'mber is not more than
*.*#, and )n is not more than *.15,.
-.$ 7t shall choose another serial samples which is same batch to do impact test i( Charpy ( >
notched specimens) impact res'lt did not accord with the 5.4.#. the arithmetic a1erage o( the six
samples (both (ormer serial and later serial)shall not less than speci(ied 1al'es. two samples9
single 1al'es are less than speci(ied 1al'es is accepted. howe1er . only allow one samples9 single
1al'e less than -*, o( speci(ied 1al'e.
-.4 5e6test and chec3 and acceptance o( other items o( steel shall accord with :& #4- and
:&#1*1.