How I Became A Hindu Malayalam

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digitized by www.sreyas.in
Malayalam
NJAN ENGANE HINDUVAYI
HOW I BECAME A HINDU
My Discovery of Vedic Dharma
By
David Frawley (Pandit Vamadeva Shastry)
Translated by
Krishnakumar
krishna.r2.tvm@gmail.com
Courtesy
www.vedanet.com
Layout
Sreyas Foundation
www.sreyas.in
cp hmv
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kp`mjv Imv
_m dqKv, euknbm\, Unkw_ 15, 1999
AhXmcnI 10
BapJw
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tUm tUhnUv {^men
\yq saIvkntm, bpFkvF, Unkw_ 16, 1999
BapJw 14
D]{Iaw
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Dt]nWsatm lnpaXw \s \n_npn.
CXv lnpaXntep ams \mSIobX IpdXpw,
kuayhpw, kwLj clnXhpw AXpsImpXs aphcm
AdnbsSmXpamn Xopp. lnphmIp Hcmv hnizmk
kw_amb {]mh\Isfmpw sNtn hcpn, adnv Abm
[ns {]m[m\ys Xncndnm am{Xw aXn.
Fs Imcyn, Hcp kp{]`mXn Hcm tbiphns\
cI\mbn kzoIcnpXv t]msetbm, Amlphn\v IogSpXp
t]msetbm Hs s]spmb Hcp amambncpn CXv .
aX{]kwKIcpsS ZoL\mfs aX]cnh\ {ians êtam,
XfpsS aXns alXzw t_m[ysSpm\mbn aX]nXam
\Snb t{]cWbpsS êtam Hpa.
hfsc \mfs At\zjWns\mSphn FSp Xopw
hyn ]camb Hcp Xocpam\ambn cpp AXv . hn iZamb
BcnImt\zjWns HSphnes Lw. aX]cnh\w F
hmv Xs icn bmsWv Rm IcpXpn , Rm\Xn s\
CsSppan. Fs\bmWv \apv assnepw Bbn
]cnh\sSm IgnbpI ? \sfmtWm AXmbncnmt\
\app Ignbq. \sfmsWv a\nememWv lnp AYhm
sshZnIaXw.
ChnsS {][m\yw ]cnh\n\, adnv Bmhns\bpw
{ ]]n s\bpw Ipdn p m\n \mWv , ImcWw
\sfmtWm AXv Cu apgph { ]]tmSpw
_sncnpp. sslhX FXv GsXnepw Bcm[\m
k{Zmbn tNce, adnv a\pjy\pw kkyfpw arKfpw
DssSbp Fm NcmNctfbpw _lpam\nemWv . Hcp
{]tXyI ]pWy{Ks sImmSe, adnv \psS Xs
a\nt\bpw lrZbtbpw icnbmbn AdnbemWv.
Hcp cIs\ Ise, adnv \n Xsbp ZnhyXsb
IsemWv ChnsS hnjbw. lnpaXn tNcpXns\
D]{Iaw 16
kwLSnXamb Hcp temI aXn tNcpXn\p Xpeyambn adnv
Atacnbntetbm, B{^nbntetbm At\Iw ssZhfpw hnNn{X
Bcm[\m k{Zmbfpw ]pep Hcp {]mtZinI hnizmkn
tNcpXp t]msebmWv ]e ]mmXycpw IcpXpI.
lnpaXs Is Hcp ]ucmWnI A\p`hamWv .
{ ]IrXn bpsS aqe ImcWsf tXSn t]mIpXpt]mse,
\nKqUXIfn adp InSp Hcp t]cnp hnfnm\mhm
AXn s Bmhn s\ tXSpXpt]mse. asmcp GIssZh
hnizmkn tNcpXn \npw Xopw hyXykv Xambn,
FsXmcp ]mmXy aXhpw \IpXn \npw D]cnbmbn
Bmhn t\mSpw Pohn XtmSpw Hcp { ]tXyI _w
m]nemWXv.
sslh ]mccyw
temInse Ghpw {]mNo\amb aXamWv lnpaXw. \manv
Adnbp Ncn{Xns XpSw apX Ambncn]cw
hjfmbn \op \np Hcp ]mccyw AXn\pv . \qdp
tImSnbn ]cw AYhm temI P\kwJybpsS Bdnsemv hcp
A\pbmbnIfpambn AXv temInse aqmas henb aXhpamWv.
ss__n ]mccyn \nmsX Dmbn Cv \ne\np
temInse Ghpw henb hnizmk ]mccyhpw CXmWv.
B \n ev { In kv Xphn \p ap]pmbn cp Fm
kwkvImcfnepw s]mXphmbn \ne\nncpXpw Cpw ]ebnSpw
]npScsSpXpamb ]pcmX\ hnizmkfntep Xmtm
lnpaXns ssIhiamWv. temInse Ghpw henb _lpapJ
kwkvImc ]mccyw lnphmWv. lnpaXw ]pcpj kv{Xo `mhfn
Cuizcs At\Iw \matfbpw cq]tfbpw AwKoIcnpIbpw
Ahbn hnizknpIbpw sNpp. At\Iw Ejnamtcbpw,
]pWy{ Ktfbpw, Cuiz cs\ Adn bm\p At\Iw
amKtfbpw AXpsmpp.
PohnXns eyw F\nebn lnpaXns Du
tIhew ]m]apnsb Hcp hnizmkne, adnv Cuizc\pambn
17 D]{Iaw
Hmbn tNcenemWv. XXzimkv{Xw, sshZyw, imkv{Xw, Ie, kwKoXw,
kmlnXyw XpSn {]mNo\hpw koWhpw alpamb At\Iw
]ccy lnp kwkv Imcn\v kzambpv . `mcXob
kwkv Imcn s ASn m\w Xs ]hn { X `mjbmb
kwkvIrXn thcqn hf sslhXbmWv.
tbmKnIfpsS [ym\ ]mccyhpw, `nbpw DmgvNbpw Hs
kzmwioIcn Hcp almb BymnI ]mXbmWv sslhX.
AXn A\pjvTm\fnepw {]mY\Ifnepw am{Xambn HXpp
_mlymYnep aXhnizmkn\v Ipd {]m[m\ytabpp
FXmWv Ghpw {][m\s Imcyw. a{w, [ym\w, {]mW,
Ipen\n, B[mcN{I, BkmmXv Imcw XpSnb
hnjbfnep lnpaXnse m\kv A\p]aamWv.
AXnkamb BymnIXbptSbpw kwkvImcnsdbpw
Cu hi ImcWw sslhX Hcp aXtab adnv Hcp PohnX
]XnbmWv Fv ]ecpw ]dbpp. Hcp PohnX]Xnbmbncpmepw,
Cuiz c, Bmhv , Iw, tamw, acWw, \n XyX
Fnhsbpdnsmw ]Tnnp sslhX Hcp aXhpw IqSnbmWv.
AXn \v AXn sdXmb ]pWy{ K, t{ X,
XoYmS\tI{, k\ymk k{Zmb Fp XpSn av
{][m\ temIaXfnepsXmw CXnepapv . lnpv
AhcpsS aXnepw ]mccym\pjv Tm\fnepw ASnbpd
hnizmkapv.
Ign Bbnctmfw hjnSv \S At\Iw
aXbpfn embn Bbn cWn \v ln p XfpsS
hnizmkn\p thn t]mcmSn acnnpv. sImSnb ]oU\fptSbpw
acWnsdbpw apn t]mepw aXw amdmsX ]nSnp \nnpv.
{InkvXpaXhpw Cmapw lnpsf aXw ampXn aspanm
{]Xnkn t\cnXv lnp XfpsS hnizmkn\p t\scbp
B{IaWsf inbp]tbmKnv t\cnXpsIm, adnv XfpsS
aXnepw tbmKnIfnepap AhcpsS CfIm hnizmkw
sImmWv.
]mmXy a\v s]mXpth Hcp aXsa \n ep
D]{Iaw 18
sslZhXbpsS { ][m\yw Ipdp ImWmdpv . temI
aXsfpdnp ]e B\pImenI ]T\fnepw \nv lnpaXs
]mtS Hgn hmn bn pv . ImcWw AXn \v khm[oiXz w
AhImisSp Hcp ssZhtam, m]I\mb Hscm
Ncn{X]pcpjt\m, Hscm XXzkwlnXtbm C. Ipsd hnizmk
kaqlfpsS Hcp Iqmbva am{XambnmWv lnpaXs ]ecpw
t\mn ImWpXv . hfsc Ipdp ]mmXyv am{ Xta
lnpaXspdnpw, AXns BNmctfbpw hnizmktfbpw
Ipdnpsams Adnhpq.
Ahcn IqSpX t]cpw Hcp {]Xntema Nn{Xw sImv
Xr]v XcmWv . ImcWw AXhcn XfpsS kzw aXns
\asbpdnv aXnv hfpp. Ftmsgnepw lnpaXw
]mmXy am[yafn ]cmai hnjbambnpsn AXv
GsXnepw kmaqly hn]pambntm, kwLjfpambntm,
]n n cn kmaqlymNmcfpambn tm Hs
_sSpn bn mbn cn pw. cm{ ob ImcWfm
A[nt]nsSp Hmbn Cpw lnpaXw XpScpp. lnpaXw
ASXpw, hwiobhpw, PmXobhpw HsbmsWpw AXn\m
Xs AsXmcp temIaXa F Hcp [mcWbpw NnenSbn
\ne\npp.
CXv Ipsd hnNn{XamWv . ImcWw Ncn{Xw ]cntim[nm
lnpaXw ZntWjybn ]cs {]Ncnncpp Fp ImWmw.
]e sslh { Kfn epw ln phmbn amdm sNt
Imcysfpdn v ]dbppapv . ]pXn b AwKsf
tNpsImp hn]peoIcnm {iannnsn, lnpaXn\v
C{Xbpw {]Ncnm Ignbpambncpn.
]e lnpfpw Cu Imcy XfpsS {]hrnIfneqsS
icn hbvppv. Xm Hcp {InkvXym\nsb \ {InkvXym\nbpw,
Hcp apoans\ \ apoapw Bpsav ]dbp Iptdtbsd lnp
Kpcpmcpv . CXv ]etmgpw lnpaXnsdXmbn IqSpX
\sXmpw sImSpm\n F Hcp sXnmcW hcppp.
]etmgpw XfpsS aXsnbp tNmZy t\cnSptm
19 D]{Iaw
Hcp am]Wns anemWv Ah {]XnIcnpI. Ah ]dbpw
"icnbmWv Rm Hcp lnphmWv. ]t Rm asm aXtfbpw
AwKoIcnpp". CXn lnpaXs AwKoIcnm aXfpw
s]Spp FXmWp ckw!
Nne lnpt{X, {]tXyInpw ZntWybneph!,
shfp sXmen mcmb hn tZin Iv , Ah ln paXw
kzoIcnhcmsWn t]mepw {]thi\w \Ipn. ap Nne
lnpmIs Fs\bmWv AhcpsS ]mccyspdnv
aphsc a\nemntXv Fdnbn.
CXnsdsbms êw, lnpaXns IqSpX hnimehpw
kmheuInIhpamb hi hnkvacnsncnpp FXmWv.
Asn tbmKimkv {Xw, thZmw, Hcp {]tXyI Kpcphns
A\pimk\ Fsmsbp ap]e t]cpIfn AXv ]mmXy
temItv ISp sNpp. Atm Ahbvv temIsamSpw
\ {]Nmchpw Inmdpv FpXv B[p\nI Imes ]e Bob
{]m\fptSbpw hnPbw \apv ImnXcpp.
thZfneqsS lnpaXs Ispp
lnphns Ghpw {]mNo\ ]mccyamb thZfneqsSbmWv
Rm ln p [n tev hXv . CsXmcp ]Xn hn m
coXn bmbn cpp. thZfpsS { ]mNo\X ImcWw Cs
_lp`qcn]w lnppw Ahbdnbn. Ah XmcXtay\
]n mev Dmb A\pimk\fmWv ]n pScpXv .
]mmXypw thZsfn henb ]nSn]mSn. Ah lnpaXs
ImWpXv inh, {ioIrjW, tZhn XpSn {][m\s
GsXnepw ssZh kneqsStbm, {]ikvXcmb Nne B[p\nI
Kpcpamcn eqsStbm BWv . _lpapJamb sslh
]mccyns Cu B[mc ineIsfn Ahdnbn. an
lnppw AhcpsSp {]tXyI hn`mKspdnpw
Kpcphns\ Ipdnpw Hs Adnbmambncpmepw, XfpsS \o
]mccytam Ncn{Xtam AdnbWsan.
s]mXpth thZfpsS alXzs Ipdnv kwkmcnp
lnpp Xsbpw ]epw Ahbnse A\pimk\sfn
D]{Iaw 20
hniZoIcnm Ignbmdn. thZ FXpsImv ]etmgpw
]pcmX\ thZ {Ksfb D]\njptfbpw `KhZv KoXtbbpw
BWv Ah AYampXv . thZ shdpw A]cnjv IrX
ImhyfmsWpw, tKm{XmNmcfmsWpw, `mhmthiw h
a\pjy ]pdsSphn Akm[mcW i am{XamsWpw Hs
]mmXy hnZz kZpIfnse Nne hnizknpp. IpsdqSn
Bob HuXyw t\Snb NnecmIs Ghpw IqSnbm, ]noSv
hfv hnIkn tbmKimkv {Xw, thZmw FnhbpsS BZna
t{ kmXmb Ahn Ikn X cq]ambn mWv thZsfn
[cnncnpXv.
Fm F\n p thZ shfn sXv sslh
]mccyn s BZn a t{ kmXv F \n ev am{ Xa,
am\hcminbpsS apgph BymnIXbpsS ImX F \nemWv.
Fsn Hcp lnp F kmam\y AYn ]dbpXnt\mfpw
Rm Hcp thZ\mWv Fp ]dbpXmhpw IqSpX icn.
Cs\ ]dbpXv Rm Fp Nnnpp FXv IqSpX
hyamhm klmbn pw. Fm thZ[sapw
lnpaXsapw thXncnhv ImWm ]ecpw {ianppshnepw
F\np As\ ImWm Ignnn.
lnphncp at\m\nesb AXnPohnpp
lnpaXw At\Iw XeIfpw ssIIfpw D, Nnetm
arKcq]w t]mepap hnNn{Xcmb At\Iw tZhamcpw, tZhnamcpw
D aXamWv. AXv ApX{InbIfpw, Znhyamcpw, Kpcpmcpw,
ssZh]pcpjamcpw, AhcpsS ApX knnIfpw, Znhym\hpw
Hs \ndXmWv . Bcm[\bn s]mXpth _nw_sfmpw
ImWmXp sImtm, AYhm Dsn Xs Ipcnintednb
{InkvXphnt\tbm, Dntbiphns\ hlnp adnbttbm am{Xw
]cnNbnnp \apv CXn HpanXpw a\ns\ Cfn adnp
ImcyfmWv.
a\pjyXen epw bpn bptSbpw ASn m\n
t\mnmWp Hcp ]mmXy a\n\v, lnpaXw Hcp akvXnjv
{]mf\tam at\m\nb{Wtam Hs am{Xamb Hcp Iv aXw
21 D]{Iaw
BbnmWv ImWsSpXv. lnpaXs Ipdnp Cu {]Xntema
Nn { Xw cq]sXv \qmpIfmbn \mw CUybpsS ta
hjnpsImncnp km{amPyXz anjWdn Ip{]NcWfpsS
êambnmWv. Cv BtKmf anjWdn {]h\w eyw hbvp
{][m\ CcIfnsemv lnpfmWv.
anj\dnam CUybnse ]mhtfbpw, tcmKnItfbpw,
AhWtcbpw Hcp { ]mIrX aXn s CcIfmbn ,
cnsSpXntev aphcpsS klmbw Bhiyaphcmbn
FSpp Impp. lnp aXnsdbpw kwkv Imcnsdbpw
HcfhmbnmWv \manv CUybnse Zmcn{Zys ImWpXv .
aX]cnh\s t{]mmlnnm thn CUybnse
kmaqly {]iv\sf FSppImpp.
AXpsImv lnpaXns\ ASpdnbpI Fm aXs
Ipdnp \psS ksf Xs tNmZyw sNpI FmWv.
lnpaXn hyXykv XXIfpw ]etmgpw sshcpyfpw
IhnsmgpIpIbmWv. Hcp]t ]pdpXns\m IqSpX
aX lnpaXn\pnepv . a\pjys aXhnizmk Ncn{Xns
`mKambn Fsmsbptm, ]pcmX\ hwifpsS BNmc
apX, ipt_m[ksb Ipdnp AZi\ hsc Fmw
A\pimk\fptSbpw A\pjv Tm\fptSXpamb Cu alm
tafbnepv.
lnpaXn At\Iw ssZh `mhsfn am{Xa DXv,
tZhmpw tZhnampw Fn\v krmhn\pw Apdap,
Ahnnamb {_spdnpw AXv ]dbpp. AXn GI ssZh
hnizmkhpapv. Fm GI ssZh hnizmksaXv, a\pjys
Bobm\p`hfpsS Hcp hiw am{XamWv, aXhnizmkns Hcp
Afhmbn AXns\ lnpaXw IWmpn.
sslhX, aXspdn p a\pjys Fm
kao]\tfbpw AwKoIcnpp, \ncoizchmZnIfpsS Cuizc
\n tj[tbpw XfpsS IqsS Iqpp. Pohn Xn s
kXbv v GsXnepw kq{XhmIyap]tbmKnp NppaXn
sIm lnpaXw Xp\nbpn. Htc Hcp aXsatm Ghpw \
D]{Iaw 22
aXsatm AwKoIcnnsn t]mepw {InkvXpaXtbpw asmcp
aXm\p`hambn AwKoIcnm lnpaXn\v Ignbpw.
hyambn \nhNns A\pimk\fpw XXzZi\fpw
Dsnepw lnpaXw XeapdIfntev ssIamsp hcpXv
a\mTams Ipsd hnizmk{]amWfpsS ASnm\ne.
AXv Cu `qantbmSpw, {]IrXntbmSpw, kaqltmSpw Fn\v DpI,
izknpI DdpI, acnpI XpSnb \psS Fmhn[ ssPh
{]h\tfmSpw hfsctbsd _sncnpp.
lnpaXw kzbw hnebncppXv a\pjy\nanXamb Hcp
aXambn, hniza\ns Bhnjv IcWamb, Cuizckramb
HmbnmWv. Fm temIpw Fm Imepambn \ne\np
hnizaXhpambn AXp \s IqnbnWpp. \apv CSnSv
ISncnm\p Hcp ]pdtmtSm, Hcp tImtbm A AXv, \psS
AXo{nb PohnXhpambn _sSm\p hgnbmWXv.
lnphmIpXpambn _s {]iv\w
Fn \v Hcm, AXpw ]mmXy temIv P\n
hn Zymk\mb Hcp B[p\n I a\pjy ln phmIm
B{KlnWw ? Hcp lnphmbn kz bw AdnbsSpXn
A`nam\nWw ? hyhm]nXam Cu aXns {]mNo\amb
thZ ]mccyn Fs\ Abm alXzw Isn ? AXpw
ln p FXv kv { XoIsf ASn aen epw, PmXn bn epw,
hn{Klmcm[\bnepw Hs IpcpnInSp Hcp aXamsW [mcW
\ne\nptm. ? A\pbmbnIv \mWtSpmpXv
Asn Ipd]w ]gt\m \nIrtam Bb HmbnmWv
AXv ImWsSpXv.
Hcp ]cnjvIrX NnmKXnmc\v Cs\sbmcp tahnemkw
kzoIcnm\mhptam ? tIhew sshImcnI kpcnXXzn\p
Hcp Xzc am{XamtWm CXv ? bYmn ]e _pnkaamcpw,
Hcp ]t Acmv klPambp sshImcnI sZu_eyw
ImcWambncnmw, aI hnizmk{]amWsf kzoIcnmdpv.
Fm hnNn{X knmtfmsSmhpw Nne _pnimenIsf ImWmw.
23 D]{Iaw
lnv epw men\psamhpw Acmcpmbncpp.
AXpsImp Hcp knmttbm aXttbm _pnPohnI
{]iwknmepw AXv apJhnesSpm Ignbn. Fm
\psSsbms kmwkv Imcn I ]men \n p
aphn[nIpdw t]mIp ]eXpw Cu temIn Dv
FXmWv kXyw. ln paXn \n dp\n p
sFXnlyfptSbpw {]XoIfptSbpw Hs Bgnep
AXe \madnp XpSptXbpq. aXknmfpsS
hWcmlnXyn\pdw Fntcm {ianp \appn
tbmKimkv{XtmSpw, [ym\tmSpw ]pXnsbmcp _lpam\w hfv
hcpp. bqtdm]y tI{oIrXamb ùXnIXbneqsS hp tN
sshIeysf Xncndnv \manv Xtiob kwkvImcfpsS aqeyw
]p\\nWbw sNbvXpsImncnpp.
lnpaXs Ipdnp \psS sImtfmWnb, anjWdn,
amIvknv tI{oIrX Bib ]p\x]cntim[ntXmsW
Imcyn kwiban. Fnepw tbmK apXembhbneqsS `mcXob
Bob ]mccys hcn h t]mepw, s]mXpth ln p
FdnbsSpXv A\mIjIambn IcpXpp. _paXtam,
{ In kv XpaXtam, Cmtam sslhXsbtmse ktam
sshhn y]qWtam Asv Xn cn dn hptmgpw
ChbnteXnsdsbnepw A\pbmbnbmbncnpXv IqSpX
kmhtZiobambn IWmsSpp!
ln paXw F kw P\kmam\yn s a\n
DbtXm altm Bb Hcp Nnbpw DWm Ignbmhn[w
Cv hfscb[nIw A]IooIcnsncnpp. CXns\ms
]pdsa \mw tZiobhpw kmwkvImcnIhpw aX]chpsamsbmb Fm
_mlyhyn Xz pw Apdw t]mtIXmsWv Ipsd
DXcmb NnIam, {]tXyInpw CUybn \nph
hnizknpp. ImcWw Ana hniIe\n \psS icnbmb
hynXzw lnp, {Inkv Xy, Atacn, djy XpSnb
bmsXmpa.
D]{Iaw 24
\sfmhcpw ASn m\ kz `mhfn kam\cmb
a\pjycmWv. ]ns aX]camb Hcp {]tXyI tahnemkw Fn\mWv
? aXfptSXmb ImeLw Ignp. \sfmw AXncpI
XSbm Bob At\z jWn s ImeLn tev
{ ]thin tn bn cn pp. ]t Cs\ Nn n ph
hnpt]mIp HcpImcyw sslhX Hcp hynsb tI{oIcnp
aXtam {]m\tam knmtam A FpXmWv. lnp[w
AXncpIfnm Bobmt\z jWs Ftmgpw kz mKXw
sNpp. bYmn AXn s sshhn yam
A\pimk\fpw coXn Ifpw hyn ]camb Fm
kzX{mt\zjWpw \ ASndtbIpp. Hcp]t Cu
ASndbpsS A`mhn Hs {]kvXpX At\zjWv
hfscsbmpw aptdm BIpIbn. CXpt]msebmWv imkv{Xhpw
AXns hnimehpw XpdXpamb kzw ]mccyn\npw
{]tbmP\w IspXv.
temIn se `qcn ]w t]cpw DXamb Bob
km[\IfptStbm XymKn sdtbm Bb Hcp Xen e
PohnpXv. Ahv \ aqeyfpsS ASnm\n XfpsS
{ ]h\aefpw, kmaqly IpSpw_ Pohn Xfpw
cq]sSpnsbSpm {]mY\Ifpw A\pjv Tm\fpw Hs
ASp aX A\pimk\ thWw. Fm Ccw
aXm\pimk\ kaqln s Fmhitfbpw
Dsmphbpw, hn imeamb ASn dbn Dhbpw,
BXynIambn kXytmSv _sv \nphbpw BIWw.
lnp[w CsXmw hfsc Ddmbpw \apv Xcpp.
hynIsf \nep \psS \ne\nns\pdnpw \psS
PohnX Xnep ssPh _sfpdnpw \mw hnkvacnm
]mSn. \aptmtcmcppw, Hcp \nnX PohnX Imebfhpv.
\mw Hcp {]tXyI {]tZiv , Hcp kwkv Imcns `mKambn
Pohnpp. \apv \ptSXmb sshImcnI {]tXyIXIfpw Nmbv
hpIfpapv . CsXmw \mamcmsWpw Db kzXzns
t\p \psS kao]\samsWpsams \nbnpp.
25 D]{Iaw
Hc]qhmmhn\v am{Xta Imens kzm[o\n\pdw
Dbcm Ignbq. Acw Hcp hynbpw Imens insb
]cnKWntXmbnpv . ImcWw Hcmpw Xm Ignp
Blmcn s kz m[o\n \n pw Hgn p \n m
IgnbmXp t]msebmWv Imens Imcyhpw. Hcp hynv
imcocnIhpw am\knIhpamb ipnssIhcnpXphsc Cu
kzm[o\sf adnISm\mhn Fp tbmKimkv {Xw ]dbpp.
AXpt]mse \psS kwkvImcnepw PohnXssienbnepw kackX
ssIhcmn Stmfw Ahbv pdtv ISpI hfsc
hnjaamWv. Bob PohnXs ]npWp Hcp kwkvImcw
Csn, Bpw B amKn aptdm Ignbn. Hcp sNSn
A\amb BImintev hfcpXpt]mse, kwkvImcamIp
anemWv \msamsbpw NphSpdnv BmImintev
hfcpXv.
AXncnm XXzs tXSp Cu {]{Inbbn \apv \psS
kwkvImcamIp ans\ ]pnsSpp Imcyw hnkvacnm
Ignbn. lnpaXw AXns hnimeamb Bob kwkvImcneqsS
\psS hfmhiyamb Cu amWv \IpXv. karamb
{In bmI in Itfbpw {]IrXn bpsS sshhn [ytfbpw
AXpsmpp.
]t \n`mKysap ]dbs, X am{XamWv kXysapw
aphsbmw A]IShpw AkXyhpw BsWpamWv ap Nne
aXfpsS \ne]mSv. aXspdnp CmXncn hnLS\]camb
\ne]mSmWv bYm {]iv \w. am\hkwkv Imcns Hcp
Ahn`mPyLSIamb aXhnizmka A]ISw. Fm ]mmXy
temInse _lp`qcn]w BfpIfpw aXsam Cu IpI
a\nXnbmsWv ]mtS hnizknp Hcp \nebntemWv Cu
CSpnb Bibw ]Sp]nSnXv . AXpsImpXs lnpaXw
AXns Fm sshhnytfmSpw IqSn Fptm Dsmm
Ahmhpn.
]ckv]cw LSnnpI FXmWv dneoPnb (aXw) AXns
icnbmb An DtinpXv. \psS ZnhyXbpsS ]qW
D]{Iaw 26
{ ]Imi\hpw AXn eqsS B kmmXv Imchpw
t\SpXn\mhiyamb HmiI sNemWv aXns tPmen. Cu
{ ]{ In bbn \apv Nn e { ]tXyI A\pimk\tfbpw
A\pjv Tm\tfbpw ]npStcn hcmw. Fm Blmchpw
Ign mt\m, Fm tPmen Ifpw sNmt\m \apmpw
IgnbmXpt]mse, Fm aXfpw ]npScm\pw Ignbn. \apv
Hcp Bob Iqmbv abptStbm, Hcp IpSpw_nsdtbm Hs
`mKamImw. \apv Fmhtcbpw \psS amXmthm ]nXmthm Bm
]n. AXpt]mse \apv \psS Bob PohnXnepw {]tXyI
]mccyhpw _fpapv.
bYmn Bob PohnXnse Nne _
IqSpX {][m\amWv. ImcWw BobX IqSpX CgtNXpw,
BcnIhpw, _mlyXen {]ISnnm km[yamImXpamWv.
kwkv Imcns ap]e hisftmse bm{nIambnpw h
tXmXn DXv]mZnnpw {]ISamm Ignbn. ]ccbm \ne\np
hXmXp sImv lnp F \maw icnb Fp Nne
hmZn pp. \psS Ejn amcpw tbmKn Ifpw kXytbpw
[tbpw Ipdn v ]dXmsX kz bw ln p Fp
hnfnncpn. sslhX Hcp Xpd ]mccyambXp sImmWv
AXns\mcp \nhN\w CmsX t]mbXv.
ss__n ]ccyn sNbvXnpXpt]mse {InkvXy
]mK, apn w Im^n Fn s\ sslhXsb
asnsdsbnepw adphimbn \nhNnnn. ]e lnpfpw
X lnpfmsWv t_m[hmmcmIpXv Xs Ahsc
aXwamm {ianp {Inkv Xym\nIfptStbm apofptStbm
{]Xntema ]cmai sImmWv . k\mX\[w FXmWv
hn imeamb ASn dbn ep ln p ]mccyn \v Ghpw
tbmPnp t]. Fm \n`mKyhim Cu t]cv A{X
{]NmcapX. [mnIw, kztZiobw Fo hntijW
klmbIcamWv ImcWw lnpaXw kztZiobamWv. AXv ChnSps
Pohn Xhpambn _apXpamWv . Fm Fsms
]cnanXnIfpsnepw lnpaXw F t]cmWv D]tbmKnm
kuIcyw.
27 D]{Iaw
AXpsImv \apv AXns\ icnbmbn \nhNnt aXnbmhq.
Hcp]t \ hnNmcnpXnt\mtfsd Bgn \psS
Dn ISp IqSn bn p aphn [n Isf t\cn Sm
CXmhiyamtbmw. C{Xbpw hnimeamb Hcp ]mccys ]dbm
lnp F t]cns\ Fn\v \mw FXnWw ? AXpw F{Xtbm
CSpn b ap ]e aXfptSbpw t]cpIsf kz oIcn m
Xmdptm ?
ss__n aXfmhbv smw FXn sc Ah
sInSp aphn[n XsbmWv lnpaXns\Xntcbp Cu
at\m`mhnepw {]XnênpXv. Htcsbmcp kXyaXhpw AXns
anjWdn {]h\hpw FXmWv ]mmXy temIv icnbmb
aXs Ipdnv DmnsbSp [mcW. hnNn{Xsap ]dbs,
hn iz mkn s kmheuIn IX FmWv an jWdn amcpsS
Itn\p \ymboIcWambn ]dbpXv! AtXkabw aphsc
aXw ampXn Xccm klnjvWpXbp aXsf shdpw
tKm{X hnizmk Fp ]dp ]pnpIbpw sNpp.
]mmXy temIv _paXn\v lnpaXtm _lpam\yX
In m ImcWw AXn \v Ncn { X]pcpj\mb Hcp _p\pw,
sslhXtbm GIXm\hpw anjWdn coXnbnepXpamb Hcp
]mccyhpw Dv FXmWv. _paXs thWsan ]mmXy
coXnbnep Hcp aXambn IWmmw. Hcp {]] krmhns
A`mhw am{Xta AXnepq.
adphiv lnpaXamIs aXspdnp \psS Fm
sXnmcWItfbpw tNmZyw sNpp. B ImcWw sImpXs
\psS hoWsf hn ]pesSpm\pw BtKmf
aX]mccyspdnp \psS [mcWIsf _esSpm\pw
]nb CSamWnXv . ]mmXy GIssZh aXn Cu BtKmf
aX]mccyn s tijn pI hfscsbmpan .
FsdImcyn emIs, BZyImes ]mmXy hn m\
aense At\zjWpw, hfsc \mfs tbmK thZm
]cnioe\pw ]noSv Bgnep thZ]T\n\pw tijamWv
Rm lnp[n hXv. Cu {]{Inbbn lnp kaqlns
sshhnyam ]e hitfmSpw Rm kn hp.
D]{Iaw 28
]mmXyv km[mcW CS]gIm Ahkcw Inm \nch[n lnp
Kpcpmtcbpw Ipapn . AhcpsS amKZi\w Cu
hn jbn ep ]e [mcWIpw sXn mcWIpw
Apdtv Fs sImpt]mbn.
]etmgpw Rm {]XonXn \npw tIdnXn
\n psams hfsc hyXyamb Acw t\cn p
A\p`hfmWv Fs Cs Cu \nebntev FnXv .
lnpaXs shdpw A]cnjvIrXw Fp IcpXphv B [mcW
Xncpn, a\pjyhKns Bob ]mccynse Ghpw \
Cu DZmlcWns kucyw a\knemphm Fs Cu
A\p`hhnhcWw DXIpamdmhs Fp Rm {]Xyminpp.
29 D]{Iaw
BZyhj
Fs Ipnmew apXp Xs Fn Hcp Bob tNmZ\
\n e\n n cpp. BImin se taLsf t\mn
\nptmgmIs, hnZqcnse ap aqSnb ae\ncIsf
ImWptmfmIs Cu temIn\p ]nn Hcp AXoX t_m[Xew
Ds hkv XpX Fs lrZbn Fmbv tmgpw
F\n\p`hsncpp. FhnsS \nmtWm `qanbnse Cu sNdnb
]cyS\n\mbn \mw Cdn ]pdsXv, AXpt]mse CXn\v tijw
\mw FtmmtWm Xn cn pt]mtIXv , ]cn iphpw
ApXIchpamb B \n KqVXsbpdn v F\n stmgpw
Nnbpmbncpp. Fmbvtmgpw a\pjytemIw kwLjfpw
bmX\Ifpw \nd, sshImcnI kwL\fpw, A`nemjfpw,
Bhiyfpw HsqSn sIp]nWp InSp Hcp Pbned
t]msebmWv F\nv ImWsXv. AXn\pdw A`bw tXSphsc
cpssIpw \on kzoIcnm\mbn Hcpn \np {]]ns
hnimeXbpw Rm Ip.
Fm B AXoX Xentev Fs\ Fntcm
Ignbpw, AYhm Cu temIamIp ZpcnX Xmgzcbn \nv As\
Hcp Fn tc Xs km[yamtWm FXmbn cpp
ASnm\]camb tNmZyw. GImXbpsS Nne \nanjfnsenepw
\apv B AXoX Xen s Nn e an em ImWm
Ignnpmbncnmw. Fm Fmbv tmgpw \s Nqgv p
\np, \mw Ignp IqtSp Cu temIns kaky
\tmsSmapp Xm\pw. Fs Itmenm aX]men
\npw Rm a\nemnsbSp aXkfpambn AXoX
Xespdnp Fsdbo DhnfnIsf F\nsmcnepw
s]mcpsSpm Ign n . Fs amXm]n Xm
AtacnbpsS ay]Snmdp `mKp (hnkvtImkn) Ubdn
^mapIfn hfhcmbncpp. Ah hfsc iamb Itmenm
kzm[o\n \npw hhcpambncpp. {]tXyInpw Fs
AbpsS XdhmpIm Dd aXhnizmknIfmbncpp. Ah
BNmcm\pjvTm\ ]menpw, ssIbp kw`mh\I sNbvXpw
B tZis ]nbpsS s\SpwXqWpIfmbn hnp.
Fs AbpsS Hcp ktlmZc\mIs sXt Atacnbn
{]hnncp Hcp aX {]NmcI\mbncpp. alpw hniphpamb
Hcp {]hrnbn Gsncnp Hcm F \nebn Atlw
GhcptSbpw BZchv ]n Sn p ]n bn cpp. km[mcWbmbn
IpSpw_n \npw Hcp aI ]ptcmlnX\mImdpv . Fs
IpSpw_n \npw Rm Hcp ]ptcmlnX\mIpw FXmbncpp
Fs AbpsS {]Xo. F\nmIs Ipnmew apX Xs
aX]camb Hcp HupIyhpw, hnizmkhpw Dmbncpp Xm\pw.
Fm F\n smcn epw, ]n tbmtSm AXn s
hnizmktfmtSm s]mcpsSm Ignn. BIjIambn
tXmn bXp t]mseXs ]etmgpw Ah òIchpambn
F\n\p`hsp.
bmX\bpsSbpw, ]m]nsdbpw, sXpIfptSbpw Hsbmb
DucmpSppIsfpdn p Itmen m hn iz mk,
tImfnf kv]inm Hcp ZnhytemIs kw_npXv
FXn t\mfp]cn Cu a\pjy temIn s Xs Hcp
{]Xn_nw_ambnmWv F\np ImWsXv. {KmaoW ]men
\npw bpm\cw ]Wfnev IpSntbdnbhcpsS BZy
Xeapdbn s]hcmbncpp Fs amXm]nXm. Amev
Itmenm k` Fm Xcnepap K`\nb{Wpw
FXn cmbn cpp. AXpImcWw aXhn iz mkn Ifmb Fs
31 tUhnUv {^men
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 32
amXm]n Xmpw AhcpsS A\amsctmse \n ch[n
IpnIv Pw sImSptnhp. {KmanemsWn IqSpX
IpnIsfm, hben ]Wnv klmbnm IqSpX klmbnI
Fp IcpXmw. Fm t]mm\mbn IqSpX hbdpIfpw,
hn Zym`ymkn \v IqSpX sNehpw FmWv ]Wn
AXn\w.
cp hjw IqSptm Hcp Ipnsb IWn\v apnbv
hbmbtmtgpw Fs A ]p Ipn IfpsS
amXmhmbngnncpp. Ahv Ccp]nsbmv hbptm
P\n cmas Ipnbmbncpp Rm. F\nv Hcp tPyjvT\pw
Ggp A\pPnamcpw, Hcp A\pP\pambncpp. kz`mhnIambpw
IpSpw_ns Cu henw Rsf kmnI sRcpntev
Xnhnp. Cu ]n hnt[bXzns BZy CcI Fs
A\amcmbncpp. hmcmyfn AbpsS Xdhmp hontev
R \Snbncp ki\fmWv Amespdnv
Hmbn Ghpw Xn\np A\p`hw. Hcp {]mNo\ bqtdm]y
tZiw t]msebmbncpp AXtm. Aqv henb Hcp hoSpw,
]mbpcbpw ]ipfpw hnimeamb tan ehpw Hs
Dmbn cpp. sItaamb Amgfpw, Hgn hpIme
IqSntcepIfpw, ]e XeapdIfpw HptN IqmbvaIfpw Hs
AhnSps ]XnhpIfmbncpp.
RfpsS Pohn X Fmw Cu Itmen m
aX]men \npw Zqtcv amdn t]msbnepw, Fs
PohnXns ASnd CXnembncpp. \ngt]mse anb B
HmIfpsS ]menemWv Rm hfXv.
Hcp Itmen\mbncp BZy hj
Rm P\nXv 1950 emWv. Amw mp hsc AYhm F\nv
]p hbmhpXv hsc Rm Hcp Itmenm kvIqfnemWv
]TnXv . Rm Fmbv tmgpw A\pkcWbpw AShpap,
{]mY\bnepw NSpIfnepw IrXyambn ]sSpp Hcp \
Ipn bmbn cn m { ian p. Fm F\n v
kzm`mhnIambpmbncp Fs emioew aphcpsS apn
33 tUhnUv {^men
hcpXn \n pw Fs XSp. Fn Itmen m
hnizmkns `mKamb Ipt_m[w hfsc iambncpp. AXv
Fs `nsb CmXmn. sNdpXpw hepXpamb hnhn[ ]m]sfn
R DZv t_m[n n sn cpp. eLp ]m]v
ipoIcWtI{fn hp ]oU\fmWv in. ]t B
]oU\ F{ XXs ISpXmsWn epw Ahbv v
Hchkm\apmhpw. Fm KpcpXcamb ]m] \sf
Hcnbv epw tamN\anm \nXy\cIntemWv \bnpI.
Hcphs amXm]n Xmtftbm Aym]Itctbm
[ncnpsXmsbmWv eLp ]m]fpsS Iqn hcpI.
KpcpXc ]m] Xopw thsdmcp hnjbamWv. Ahbn
s] Nne ]m] icnp IpIrXy XsbmWv. sIm,
sIme XpSn klPohn ItfmSv ImWn t IcpWtbm
kwkvImctam Hs ewLnphbmWv Ahbn NneXv. Fm
]nbpsS \ntZi AhKWnpI, Rmbdmgv N Ip_m\
apSpI, Ipkmcw apSpI XpSnbhbpw KpcpXc ]m]fpsS
Iqn hcpp. CXn BZyw ]d Imcy hv
Rms\mcnepw \cIn t]mtIXn. Fm cmaXp
]d Imcy hv ]ntbmSp Fs hnt[bXzn Ipdp
Aew`mhw hpt]mbnpv . AXpsImp Rm Xobmbnpw
\nXy\cIn t]mIm hn[nsh\mWv.
IpnI, {]tXyInpw teme a\kv cmbh Ccw
in Isf hfsc Kuchambn FSppw. ]n mev
Xncnpt\mn \aphbpsS t\sc Nncnmw. Hcp sNSnv Nppw
Xop thent]mse, IpnIsf ]cnioennm Dmnb Hcp
kwhn[m\w. Fm Ccw Imcy Cfw a\pIfnepmp
ap{ZIsf \nmcfmn Xnfbm\mhn. Hcp teme lrZb\mb
Rm Hcp ]t CsXmw Xopw hnizknncnmw, ImcWw
Fs kw_nnStmfw Cu shfn]mSpI hncnpXv
ssZhn \npw Atlns ]nbn \npw BWtm ?
Ipkmcn\v t]mIpXnembncpp Fs asmcp `bw.
Fs ]m]sf At\mSv Gp]dbm Rm aSnp. ImcWw
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 34
Ahsbmw bYmYn epXn t\m IqSpX hen b
]m]fmsWv Rm hnizknp. Hcp ]t Rm\mWv aXNsf
ewLnp Htc HcpIpn Asn Rm\mWv Acmcn
Ghpw tamish Fv t]mepw Rm kzbw IcpXn. Fm
Rm\mWv Fs ktlmZcfpssSbp av ]e IpnIsfmfpw
ASap aXhnizmkn FImcyw FpsImtm Rm
{inn. \sf ]Tnnp I\ymkv{XoIsf tZjyw ]nSnnpI
XpSnb Nne IpnpdppI Rm\pw sNbvXnpv. Ahsbmw
Nnetm KpcpXcamb ]m]fpsS Iqnephbmtbmw F
Nn Fn thcpdp. Rm Ipkmcfn Fs Fm
]m]fpw Gp]dbmXmbn FXmbncpp CXnsdsbms êw.
AXv Fsdbpnse Ipt_m[w IqSpX thcpdm ImcWambn.
Imew sNptmdpw Fs ]m]fpw IqSpX tamisv
hcpXmbn F\nv tXmn. bYmYn Fs tXmhnbpsS
ImcWw, Rm B aX\n bav Aan X { ]m[m\yw
sImSpXmbncpp FXv hyamWv.
Fs Ffn b ]m]p ]cn lmcambn { ]tXyI
{]mY\I \SnbXv Rmt\mpp. Av Ahsbmw henb
Bob ]cmPbfmbnmWv tXmnbncpXv. Cu {]mY\Isf
BipoIcWw FmWv hnfnncpXv . AXv acWtijw
\apmbn Hcpnbncnp ITn\ inIfn \nv \s
cnpsamWv hnizmkw. CXnep Hmtcm {]mY\bv pw
'Ccp\qdp Znhks ]oT\n \npw c' Fns\ ]dbpw.
CXns DcphnS Hcmfns acWtijap inbn A{Xbpw
Znhks ]oT\w IpdpsImSppw FmWv AXn\Yw.
ChnsS Fs {]iv \w Fs ]m] F{X Znhks
]oT\amWv F\nmbn t\SnXv Fv F\nv IWmm
Ignncpn FXmbncpp. Hcp As apn sNp\nv
Gp]dbmsX Xs Fs emIcamb eLp]m]
s]mdppInpw F Ddmbncpp Cu {]mY\IfpsS Hcmizmkw!.
Fm Fs KpcpXc ]m]sf \n hn m CXv
]cym]vXasp Nn Fs hnhi\pw DXvImIpe\pamn.
35 tUhnUv {^men
]noSv Cu {]tXyI {]mY\IfpsS GmSv ]n \nemn.
inIpdm\p Hcp hgnbmbn CXmpw \ntinmsXbpambn.
ssZhns \nbaw amnb Cu Imcyw ]nm Atls
Adnbntm Fs\nv kwibapv. Fm B kwibw hXv
Rm ]n hnnv hfsc \m IgnmWv. IpnmensdXmb
IfnIfpw kv Iqfnse ImbnI hnt\mZfpw, hfbnepmhp
s]mXphmb ktmjfpw ]n cn apcpfpw Hs
F\npapmbn. Fm Itmenm aXw AXns hnNn{Xamb
Nfpw, òjWnIfpw, Bhiyfpw Hsbmbn _meyns
\n jv IfXsb \in n psImv Fmbv tmgpw IqsS
Xsbpmbncpp. temIsapap At\Iw IpnIfpsS
Imcyn Ah CXv Xs sNbvXnpv FXn\v kwiban. B
IpnIfmIs \ {InkvXym\nIfmbnocm thn apXnhsc
\nebn XfpsS IpnItfmSpw CsXms Xs sNbvXp Iqpp.
F\npmb asmcp kwibw tbiphn hnizknpIbpw
]n amKn NcnpIbpw sNphv kzKw DdmsWn,
]nssbn\v \mw AXn\p]cn assnepw {]bXv\ sNWw
FXmWv. ]nssbn\v a\pjy ]ca `nbntepw, ap alZv
Ifntepw XncnbWw ? AXn\p I\ymkv {XoI cp
Imcy FtmSp ]dp. Hv \cIn\p ]pdphv sNdnb
]m]pt]mepw Inp ISp inIsfn!. cv kzKn
{ ]tXyI \aIfphv In p hen b hoSpItfbpw,
almmp Inp henb amfnIItfbpw Ipdnv. kzKnse
hoSns\nsbms henb [mcW InmsX, F\nnsXmw hfsc
kwibmkv]Zambn tXmn.
kzKnse \nXyhmkw, AXv `qanbnse PohnXns
alXzsSpnb Hcp ]Imbn tXmppsnepw AXn\mbn
\msamWv sNtXv ? Rm s]mXpth Imcy IpaSv
hnizknmsX hop hnNmcw sNp ioemc\mbncpp.
Hmtcmpw FpsIms\, AXns bYm s]mcpsfmWv
Fsms Rm NnIp t\mmdpv. Hcp Ipnbmbncnptm
Xs Rm aXspdnpw Nnnm XpSn.
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 36
XmaknbmsX F\nsmcp Xncndnhpmbn. F{Xsbms
Akzm`mhnIambn tXmnbmepw aX]camb Imcy \niambn
AwKoIcnemWv \psSsbms Ihyw FmWv hbv v .
\psSsbms am\pjnIamb Bhiypw, A\mNmcpw
Hsbp Hcp adbmWv Acw hnizmkw. Fm Akm[yambn
Xs F\np tXmnb tbiphns ApX IrXy XpSnb
Fnsenepsamsbp hnizmkns t]cn, Fs NnIsf
XfnSm F\np Ignbpambncpn. Ip_m\Ifn R
]Xn hmbn In cp tbiphn s {Iqin X cq]w `bchpw
Zpx JIchpambn cpp. AXn tep t\mm Bcpw
CsSpambncpn. t]mcmXn\v, \msamw IqSnbmWv tbiphns\
sImsXpw IqSn AXv \tmSp ]dbpIbpw sNbvXp.
ssZhns In Ghpw `bcamb \psS ]m]
apJmcw Atlns ]p{Xs acWn\v \msamhcpw
DchmZn Ifmbn cn pp. Fm F\n v tbiphn s\
AdnbpIbn. Fs {]hnI Fs\bmWv F\ndnbm,
cmbncw hjp apv Pohnncp tbiphns\ _m[npI
Fs\nv Hpw a\nembn. hmkvXhn kzbw cnm
Ignbm \ssbms cnm thn _enIgns Hcp
cIs Nn{Xw Hcnepw F\npsmm Ignn.
XmaknbmsX \apsmhpw \ptSXmb hogvIfpsv Rm
Xncndnbm XpSn. im kz`mhhpw abpw ssIhnSp Rsf
]Tnnncp I\ymkv{XoIfpw AXn\v A]hmZambncpn. Atm
Cu hnizmk kwlnXI ssZh\ntbmKw Fp ]dbpXn
FYw ?
a\pjycmin sb cn m thn kz w ]p{ Xs\
_en sImSptn h {In kv Xym\n IfpsS ssZhw \psS
a\pIfn Hcp AhyXbpw òXnbpamWv DfhmnbXv . Cu
hnNn{X ssZhamWv sNIpmt\bpw krnXv . Xobmbpw
Rsmw sNIpmt\bpw Ahs ]cnhmctfbpw hfsc
`bambncpp. {]tXyInpw cm{Xnbnepw lmtemho Znhknepw.
Cu hnNn{X ssZhw hfsc AIsebncnph\pw A{]m]y\pw
Fm Xs krn Ifn \n pw hfscqSpX
37 tUhnUv {^men
BhiysSph\pw Bbn ImWsp.
ssZhn \v Xs Htcsbmcp ]p{ X sImsSpXv
A\phZntn hp. kh\mb ssZhn\v kzw krnsb
CXnt\m \ coXnbn ]menm Ignbnt, ]nsb IqSpX
\mbn klmbnm Ignbnt Fsmsbp kwib
kz `mhn IamWv . km\fpw in Ifpw sImSpp
hynXzhcns Hcp ssZhw FXv HcXoX kw
FXnt\m, Hcp GIm[n]Xnsbnbp bpnclnXamb
Bibambn ImWsp. CsXmsbmsWnepw, aXw \nKqUamb
]ctemIhpambp _w m]nm Nne D]m[nI \apv
Xcpp, AYhm Rm As\ hnizknp. aps]mgnbp
{InkvXpav cmhpIfnepw, Znhyiniphns P\\nepw Hs Fs
a\nt\bpw lrZbtbpw BIjnncp Ftm Dmbncpp.
Fs hnizmkv Cfapmbncpp. Fnepw sas
A\p`h AXn\np hcpw F {]XotbmsS Rm\hbn
]nSnv aptmv t]mbn. s{]msSdv hnizmknIsf BZyambn
IpapnbXv Rmt\mpp. AmWv \psS ASpp
Iptdt A]ISIcamb asmcp ]mX ]npScpXv Rm
Xn cn dn Xv . t{ ]msSdpI hgn ]n gn s
s{ sIkv XhcmsWpw Ahscms \cIn temWv
t]mIpsXpamWv ]nbn \npw Rsf ]TnnXv. icnbmb
{Inkv Xym\nI sNm ]mSnmhw t{]msSdpI
]nbpsS A[oiXztbpw t]mns A{]amZnXztbpw tNmZyw
sNbvXp. XpSn F\nhtcmSv CSs]Sm aSnbpmbncpp.
\cIn AhpmIm t]mIp Zpc\p`hsftbmv
Rm NnmIpe\mIpIbpw sNbvXnpv. Ahv GtXm Xcw tKv
tcmKw Ds an Rm\hsc kwibnpIbpw sNbvXp.
Fm IpnIsftmgpw IpnI XsbmWv . XfpsS
IpSpw_fpsS hnizmksfsbmpw hI hbv msX R
Hcpanv Ifnp. {ItaW t{]msSdpIfpw \ Itmensc
t]mse a\pjy XsbmsWpw, ap BIpnIsftmse
Ahcpw \psS IqpImcmsWpw Rm Xn cn dn p.
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 38
hnizmkns t]cnep Cu henb thXncnhpI, Iiamb
aX \nbasftmse Xs a\pjy \nnXambn F\nv ImWsp.
Asn a\pjy\v Cm\pkcWw AhKWnmhp, PohnXn\p
]pdp Hcp {]tXyI temInteXmbncpp Ah.
XmaknbmsX R tImfdmtUmbnse sUh F
etv Xmakw amn. ]nosSmcnepw BZys etv
XncnsI hXpan. CXn\papv sNdnb ImebfhpIfntev
tImfdmtUmbn Xmakn \p hn cptmsfms
hnkvtImkn\ntev XncnsI t]mIpambncpp. As\ Fs
Ahn sSbp Itmen temItv Rm hopw
FnsSpIbpw sNbvXncpp. Fm C\n B temIw aSn hcn
Fpdmbn.
AtacnbpsS ]Snmd Xocv tdmn ]hX \ncIfpsS
Aùa kucyw F\n p Zin m\mbn . AXn se Zn hyX
F\n\p`hsp. Rm Fs t{]aw B apae \ncIfntev
Xncnphnp. Itmenm hnizmkw Fs kw_nnStmfw
IqSpXepw hnkv tImkn\pw, tXmnse _wmhpw, Fs
Aq\qamcpw Hsbpambn _sXmbncpp.
tImfdmtUmbnse {]IrXnbptSbpw ]hX\ncIfptSbpw
kucyw ]ntbm Fs a\n CSw t\Sn. a\pjy\nnXamb
bmsXmcp AXnnIfpanm Cu alm {]]n bYmYn
]n Hcp A\yhkvXp BbmWv F\np tXmnbXv.
imkv{Xw, Ncn{Xw Rm ]nbn \npw AIepp
BZyw R sUshdnse \mn ]pdtmbncpp
Xmakn\mbn \onbXv. sUsh Hcp henb \Kcambncpp.
CXphsc R Pohn n cp sNdp ]Wfn \n p
hyXykv Xambn, Cu henb \Kcw Fn IqSpX hnimeamb
kmwkv ImcnI kzm[o\n\v XpSanp. kmnI sRcpw
ImcWw R BZyambn ]nIv kvIqfn FnsXpw CXn\v
Hcp {]tXyI ImcWambn. ]nIv kvIq Fs aX]T\n \npw
tamNnnp. Fs a\v Hcp ]pXnb {]tNmZ\tmsS hfcm
39 tUhnUv {^men
XpSn . BZysams Rv ]n Iv kv Iqfn s\pdn v
Bibpmbncpp. ]nIv kvIq A]ISIcamsWmbncpp
Rsf Itmenm aXhnZymebn \npw ]TnnncpXv. AXv
aXclnXambncpp. AhnsS ssZhs Ipdnv ]Tnnncpn. Fm
hnizmknIfpambpw CS]gIm\pw AhnsS A\phZnncpp. Fs
aXhnizmksf HXpn \ndpn AXns Imiysf
hnkvacnv asm IpnItfbpw t]mse kvIqfn Ccnm Rm
]Tnp.
kv Iq hnZymnIsf \nev \psS aX]mew
Hcnbvepw AhnsS ]cnKW\tm Ntm hncpn. ]nIv
kvIqfnse Fs BZy hjn Rm imkv{Xn Xc\mbn.
{ ]tXyIn pw Rv kv s]jy mpmbn cp
TPymXnimkv {Xn Rm hfsc BIr\mbn. Ames
aXhnZymebfn imkv{XmkpI Dmbncpn. XmaknbmsX
Rm ùXnIimkv {Xw, _lncmImi imkv {Xw, Bt]nIX
XpSnb hnjbfnse ]pkv XI hmbnm XpSn.
As\nv Fmw a\nembnsnepw Cu {]]s Ipdnp
Fs [mcWIv AtXmsS auenIamb amw kw`hnp. Fs
AcwKnepmbncp AXoX t_m[tbpw, imkv{Xw F\np
Imn A\ {]]tbpw Xn _sSpm Rm
{iaw XpSn. imkv{Xw ImgvN h Cu ]pXnb temIhpambn XcXayw
sNbv Xtm Itmen m ]n hfsc CSpn bXpw
]nncn\pambn F\nv ImWsp.
th\mev Rm GsSppambncp Nnd tPmenIfn
\n p Fs kmZysamw tNv ASp cp
hjn\pn Xs Rm Hcp ZqcZin\n kz amn.
]nmev F\nv IqSpX intbdnb ZqcZin\nI Inn.
Fs Iuamc {]mbn Rm Chbpambn cm{XnImefn
At\Iw aWnqdpI BImip t\mn sNehgnp. AXv Fs
ikv { Xm`n apJytam, tlm_n tbm am{ Xambn cpn , Fs
Dnepmbncp kXymt\zjWns IqSn `mKambncpp. AXv
Cu almt_m[ { ]]s ]n bpw, AmImcn
ImWsSp Cu hnizn Hfnanp {]Imi t{kmXpIsf
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 40
]nbpsamw Fs a\nepmbncp hnImcsf HpIqsS
Ddnp.
Amev imkv{XIYIfpsS [mcmfw ]pkvXIfpw Rm
hmbnpIbpmbn. Ah Fs a\nsdbpw `mh\IfptSbpw
AXncpI hn]peamn. at\Iw {Klfpw, \sm _pnbp
]eXcw Pohn Ifpw, Hw IqSpX hn Ikn aXfpw
XXzimkv{Xfpw Hs B IYIfneqsS ISp hp. Iiamb
aXhnizmkns AXnhcpIv ]pdphv PohnXns
A\ kmyXIsf Rm Ism XpSpIbmbncpp.
Rms\tmgpw Ncn{Xntepw BIjnsp. ]nIv kvIqfn
AXpw IqSpXembn Inn. ]mmXycpsS hcthmsS XpSp
Atacn Ncn{Xambncpp BZyw Fs {i ]nSnp]nbXv .
AXn F\nv tZiobcmb AtacnmtcmSv A\pIbmWv
tXmnbXv . Cu `qJ Ncn{Xn Ah A{IanIfmbn
CcIfmbnmWv F\nv ImWsXv. B bpm\c ImeLn
cmw temIalmbpns Ncn{Xw Hcp henb hnjbambncpp.
Fs ]Xn\memas hbpapX bqtdm]y Ncn{Xw
{]tXyIambn ]TnpXntemWv CsXs \bnXv. bqtdmn\v
IqSpX hnimehpw sshhny]qWhpamb kwkv Imchpw IptdqSn
\o Hcp Ncn{XhpapsXv Fs AXn XXv ]c\mn.
bqtdm]y Ncn{Xw Fs ssk\nI, cm{ob D]Pm]Icmb
t]mpamcpw, FXncmfnIfpw DsSp ]nbpsS Ncn{Xhpambn
]cn NbsSpn . Pa\n bn se aqn semv a\pjytcbpw
XpSp\onb ]Xnt\gmw \qmnse 'aqp Zim' bpw DssS
bqtdmn \S \nch[n aXbpsfnbpw Rm a\nemn.
tImsSkn sdbpw ]n kmtdmbpsSbpw t\XrXz n
bqtdm]ym Atacn tZiob hwiPsXnsc \Snb
Iqsmebpw Rm ]Tnp. Fs Itmenm aXns Ccp
apJw Rm ImWm XpSn. Fs a\n Xn\nncp
aXhn Imcfpw, ]n tbmSv _s Ipn me
KrlmXpcXzhpsams {ItaW amp t]mIm XpSn.
Fs BIjn asmcp hnjbw `qanimkv {Xambncpp.
41 tUhnUv {^men
Ipnmew apXpXs Rm tm_v hv, AXnse ampI
t\mn cmPyfpsS t]cpIfpw `q{]IrXnbpw \KcfpsS t]cpIfpw
Hs a\xmTamn Ifnpambncpp. \ PohnpXv A\h[n
cmPyfpw, sshhnyam aXfpw kwkv Imcfpsamw
\ne\np Hcp henb temInemWv F hkv XpX Rm
a\nemn. Fm CmXncn Imcyfn F\nv kvIqfn \npw
Imcyamb Adnhv e`nncpn. hnZqchpw Akm[mcWhpw Bb
esfpdnv F\nv {]tXyI XmXv ]cyapmbncpp.
FpsImtm a\pjyhwins ASnm\ ineIfntep
Xmtm AhnSfnemsWv Rm hnizknp. temIw apgph
Hscm aXs am{Xw ]npStcXns Bhiyw F\nsmpw
a\nembn. CXnsdsbmw êambn ]Xn\mep hbns B
Cfw { ]mbn s]ssmcp Zn hkw Rm kz bw Hcp
Xocpam\saSpp. RmbdmgvNIfn C\n ]nbn t]mtIXn
FXmbncpp AXv.
XpSn Rm ]n bn t]mIpXmbn
`mhn pambn cpp. Fn v ]mpI t]msebp
ashnsSsbnepw \Sm\mbn t]mIpw. ]ntbmSp Fs Cu
XmXv]cypdhv XmaknbmsX Xs Fs A\am Adnp.
{ItaW AhcXv DsmpIbpw sNbvXp. bYmn Fs
IpSpw_mwKfpsS CSbn ]n hnIep Hcp {]hWXv Rm
XpSanp Fp ]dbmw. B kabv F\nv AsXn Hcw
Ipt_m[w tXmmXn cpn . Rm ]n bn
t]mIppmbncpnsnepw, ]nbpsS kzm[o\n \npw
]qWambpw ap\mbncppan. Fs ]Xn\mas hbn
F\nsmcp {]Kev `\mb A[ym]Is\ Inn. {]mNo\ Ncn{Xs
Ipdnp Atlns mpI ]gb temIntev Fs
IpIsf Xpdnp. {]mNo\ CuPn]v Xns\ Ipdnp B mv
AXyw ckIcambn F\n\p`hsp. AXnep Fs Dmlw
ImcWw Rm CuPn]vXnse apgph ^dthmamcptSbpw t]cpI
a\mTamn A`nam\]qhw Dcphnp\Spambncpp.
{]mNo\ CuPn]vXnse ApXIcamb BcnI inIfp,
almb Hcp BymnI kwkv Imcw F\nv `mh\bn
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 42
A\p`hnm Ignncpp. Ctm hp s]ncnp Cu
B[p\nI temItmfpw FpsImpw ckIcamb B {]mNo\
temIn Pohn pXmbn ]etmgpw Rm `mh\
sNpambncpp. ]nmev thZfntev Fs sImsn
{]mNo\ kwkv ImcfpsS t\p Fs BIjWns
XpSw CXmbncpp. {]mNo\v Cu {]]hpambn B[p\nI
a\pjy\pXn t\mfpw _apmbn cpp. AhcpsS
PohnXv IqSpX Db AYXeapmbncpp Fpw
F\nstmgpw tXmnbnpv. {ItaW Rm t]jy apXemb
Fs {]tXyIw BIjn av ]e cmPyfptSbpw {]mNo\ Ncn{Xw
]Tnp. Atacn tI{oIrXamb RfpsS hnZym`ymkw
a\pjyhwins e Ime Ncn{Xn `qcn`mKtbpw
hnkvacnpIbmsWXv F\nv hyambn.
_unI DWhpw {]XnkwkvImc hmZhpw
GXmv ]Xn\mdp hbptm Rm {][m\s Ipsd
_pnPohn {]h\fn Gsp. AXv Fs NnItfbpw
hoWtfbpw ASn m\]cambn amn adn hn [w
iambncpp. XpSn AXv a\ximn \innpXpw
NnmpgapmpXpambncpp. Ipsd hjfmbn Fn
_unI tNmZ\I {]hnppmbncpsnepw, CXv
Ipnmew apX Fn cqUaqeamb Bibfn \npw
Atacn hnZym`ymkns kzm[o\n \npap iamb
Hcp hyXnNe\ambncpp. ]mmXy _unI NnIfptSbpw ]noSv
Rms\nt ]uckv Xy AymnIXbptSbpw XpSbmb
]T\v AXv Ifsamcpn. Fs PohnXnse Hcp henb
hgnncnhmbncpp AXv.
GXmv Cu kabv Rm XXzNnm]camb Hcp IhnX
FgpXn. Fm AXmcpw ImWmsX clkyambn kqnp.
Atmtgpw AXphscbp Fs Acn Imt\z jWw
tI{oIcnncp imkv{Xnepw KWnXnepsamsbp Fs
XmXv ]cyw F\nv \sncpp. bqtdmns\ ]nbp Fs
XmXv]cyw iambn. Fm CtmgXv bqtdmns Ncn{Xn
43 tUhnUv {^men
\np amdn AXns NnIfnepw kwkv Imcnepambn Xop.
Atacn Imcyamb kwkv Imc kXsbmpw
AhImisSm\nm Hcp {]tZiw am{Xambn F\nv tXmn.
Ipdsmcp Imetv Rm bpnhmZ NnIcmb Imdv ,
slsK, s_{Sv ds XpSnbhcntev {i Xncnsnepw
Ahcntesmpw ASppIbpmbn. Ahscmw Poh\nmXpw
krn]camXpamb hcp hmZfpsS ]nSnbnemsWv ImWsp.
Fs a\n\v sshImcnIhpw Iem]chpamb Hcp Xeapmbncpp.
AXpsImv Rm shdpw bpntbm imkv{Xtam sImp am{Xw
Xr]vXnsSph\mbncpn.
t_m[tbpw C{n bm\p`qXn tbbpw Hs ]n bp
XfpsS Bgap tNmZy sImp AkvXnXzhmZnI Fs
Iptdsbms DtPnnp. Rm t_m[spdnpw AXns
{ ]h\s Ipdn psams Nn n m XpSn . B
hoWfpw Gsdpsd Dtjw sISpphbmbncpp.
AYiq\yamsbmcp temIn hfp hcpXpambn _sv
iq\yX, hyYXmt_m[w, BlXy XpSnb Bibsfms
am{Xta AhnsS F\np ImWm Ignpq. Fm Ahcm
hngpsSm Xhap hnj {]IrXambncpn FtdXv.
{]Xymibnm hc Hcp XXz imkv{XambnmWv AkvXnXzhmZw
F\nv ImWsXv.
Akv Xn Xz hmZn I hmNmeambn Nqn mWn mdp
Akv Xn Xz ZpxJn \v AhcpsS ] ]cn lmcsampan .
Aqcnse \ncoizchmZnI s]mXpth IayqWnknemWv A`bw
IsmdpXv . Ahcn se ssZh hn iz mkn IfmIs,
hnizmkns Hcp IpXnp NmtmsS XncnsI ]nbntepw
Fnsncpp. Fm \psS Pknamb iq\yXmt_m[w F
{ ]iv \w ]cn lcn pXn \v AhcpsS ssIn
hgnIsfmpapmbncpn. Akv XnXzhmZnIsfpdnp Cu
A\p`hneqsS Hcp Imcyw F\nv hyambn. _pn AsX{X
Xs bpn]qWhpw, kahpw Bbncpmepw, AXn\p kzw
\nev BXynI kXyntev Fntcm Ignbn. AXn\v
Hcp Db t_m[Xens Bhiyapv. _pn Ahkm\anm
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 44
AXns kwibfpsS ]nSnbn s]v APvt\bXm hmZnepw,
iq\yXm hmZnepsamsbmhpw sNp ]pI.
AXncpIS Nn sshImcnIambn \s oWnnpIbpw
a\ns insb tNmnfbpIbpw sNpw. AkvXnXzhmZnI
Hcp eyntepw Fpn Fp Xncndnbm F\n[nIw
kabw thn hn. Pa XXzimkv{X tlbnsUsdns
Bib ]etmgpw hfsc koWhpw hMvbhpambncpp.
Fn epw, F\n v Akv Xn Xz hmZn se Ghpw almb
DmgvNbmb D (Being) F Bibs ]cnNbsSpn
XXv AtlamWv. ip AkvXnXzw F Bibw Dsmm
IgntXmSp IqSn F\nv Hcp Dd ASnd Inn. Cu {]]s
hebw sNbv Xncnp alcamb kXytbpw imntbbpw
Dsmm Ghpw ]nb D]m[n \psS _pnb Fpw
F\nv t_myambn.
sslkvIqfn ]Tnp Imev Hcn, AkvXnXzhmZnIsf
A[n t]n p sImv RfpsS HmUn tmdn bn
{]kwKnpIbmbncp Hcp ]ptcmlnXs\ Rm shphnfnp.
AkvXnXzhmZnIfpsS kzm[o\n s]pt]mImXncnm thn
kZkycpsS AXsb apXseSpp sImv AhcpsS a\pIfn
{]Xntema NnI ISnhnSpIbmbncpp Atlw. \mw a\p
XpdmsX \nicmbncpm, Ccw hfsmSnepI tNmZyw
sNsSmsX t]mIpw Fp Rm Xn cn dn p. Fs
A`n{]mb AhnsS Hcp {]pmh krnp. Fpam{Xa
B ]ptcmln Xs\ AXv Dep Ifp. a\pXpdp
kwkmcnpXv a\pjycn henb kzm[o\apmpsav Rm\v
]Tnp.
GXmv AtX kabp Xs Rm Atacn {]Xn
kwkv Imc [mcbn epw sNp s]p. hmcmyfn epw
sshIptcfnepw lnnItfmSpw _pnPohnItfmSpsamw
sUh \KctI{ n se ItÎfn epw apw kabw
sNehgnembncpp Ames Fs apJy]cn]mSn. RfpsS
]nIv sse{_dnbn \nsSp [mcmfw ]pkvXI kzambn
hmbnptXmsSmw, \nch[n _pnPohnItfmSv kwhZnepw
45 tUhnUv {^men
Fs ]Xnhmbncpp. \nch[n tImtfPv Aym]Icpw, {]mtZinI
IhnIfpw ]pXnb NnIcntepw FgppImcntepw Fs
\bnp. Ahcn Gjy NnIcpapmbncpp. C{]Imcw kmlnXy
XXzimkv{X NIfntesSp [mcmfw _pnPohn IqmbvaIfpw
kplrZv kwLfpw RhnsS Dmbncpp.
Rm \Kc ayn nXnsNp XmcXtay\ hepXmb
RfpsS sslkvIqfnse lnn kwkvImcns {]Xn]pcpj\mbn
Xop. F\nv Fs kvIq hnZym`ymkn XmXv]cyw \sp.
AXns Bib hfsc CSpnbXmbn F\nv ImWsp.
kv Iqfn tev Htsd ]pkv XIfpambn mWv Rm
hncpsXnepw Ahbn Hpanhbpw kv Iqfnse ]mTy
hnjbfpambn _anmhbmbncpp.
Fnepw Fs _pnPohn kz`mh ImcWw Fs
{ `mpIsf Aym]I s]mdpp t]mp. Fs hn hw
sNdpns shdpw hnImcmthins êambncpn, adnv
Ahv \n cmIcn m Ign bm Hcp _un I Duhpw
AXn\pmbncpp. F\npw Fstmse _unIXbn
hym]cnncp asmcp hnZymYnpambn RfpsS Bgtadnb
{]iv \ N sNm thn Ahscmcp kv s]jy mv
GmSmn.
Fm Cu kvs]jy mpw t_mdmbnmWv Rv
tXmnbXv . ]nmev bphncp {]m\ns Imev
F\nv A\p`mhw tXmnbncp amIvknpIsf t]mse Atm
F\nv _qjzmknIsXnsc, {]tXyInpw Atacn ay
hKns\Xnsc HcpXcw hnhmthiw tXmnbncpp. \Kcnse
\ncbmbn \np hoSpIfpsS apneqsS \Sptm, bmsXmcp
{InbmIXbpw Nnbpanm, shdpw bm{nIhpw {IaoIrXhpamb
Cu PohnXw F{X \ncYIamsWv F\nv tXmpambncpp.
Fmhcpw ùXnI t\mbp Hcp ]cw ]mnenemWv .
Fm FntcpXmIs CSnepw. ]nmev Nne
cm{ ob { ]XymLmX Dmn sbn epw, cm{ ob
Xent\mtfsd CsXmcp _unIXe hnhambncpp.
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 46
Rm Atacn bpsS kwkv Imcn s\Xn sc, AYhm
kwkv Imc cmln Xyn s\Xn sc { ]Xn Icn p. hIn S
DXv ]mZ\{]{Inbbpw, kmtXnI Ip]nSpfpw AmsX
asmWv Fs cmPyw temI kwkv IrXn bn tev
IqntnpXv ? Imhyw, Ie, XXzNn, kmlnXyw Fns\
t\mnbm FmWv AXns kw`mh\ ? Rms\mcp Xcw
{]hmkn bmbn amdn . tXmsdu Am asmcp Atacn
FgppImct\bpw Rm ]Tnmt\m hmbnmt\m Iqmnbn.
sldn andns\tmse Atacnsb Dt]np bqtdmntev
IpSntbdnb FgppImtcmSv F\nv A\pXm]w tXmn. Atacn
kwkvImcamIs F\nv IqSpX ASpw tXmnbncp hnimeamb
bqtdm]y kwkv Imcns Hcp XcwXmgv ]Xnv am{Xambpw
F\nv tXmn.
Ingns BymnIXsb Ispp
Cu _unI hnhnSbnepw IqSpX Db Hcp
kXyspdnp FsdImgv Nbv v atencpn. Rm
]etmgpw kzbw Hcp 'ssZhoI \ncoizchmZn' Bbn kzbw `mh\
sNpambncpp. ImcWw ss__nfnse ssZhhynXzs Rm
Xnfncpp. Fnepw Cu {]]n\p ]nnse ip
XXzs AYhm Aaqamb t_m[s Rm Xncndnncpp.
sla slsbpsS 'Ingntep bm{X' F {Kw Rm
hmbn n papmbn cpp. ]uckv Xy tZifn
Bymn IXbptSbpw Zn hym\p`hfptSbpw almb
]mccy Ctmgpw \ne\nppsp Rm a\nemn.
Rm Ingntep Fs kzw bm{X Bcw`np. AtX kabw
Xs Rm bqtdm]y Imhyfpw Iebpw ]Tnm\pamcw`np.
s{^v knwt_menkns IhnIfmbncp dnw_uSv , ata
XpSnbhcpsS ZnhyZi\ \nd Imhy F\np
{]tXyIw {]nbshbmbn.
Fm Chtcmsfmw Pa annIv Ihnbmbncp dnsI
Bbn cpp Fs C`mP\w. Imhy FmhWw
FXns\pdnp Fs kfpsS aq cq]ambncpp
47 tUhnUv {^men
Atlns krnI!. XXzimkv{Xv Fntcm\mhm
Bghpw AhyXbpw Imhyv Inpw. \ Pohnp
\nKqUamb Cu {]]s hnpXn\v ImhyfmWv IqSpX
\ D]m[nIsfv Rm Xncndnp. Ccp]Xmw \qmnse
bqtdm]y Iem{]hWXIfmb kdnbenkhpw UmUmbnkhpw
IqSn Rm ]T\ hnt[bampIbpmbn. Ahbnse _nw_fpw
Bibfpw Rm\nspshnepw AhbpsS AhXcW coXn
AkwkvIrXambn Xocppshv Rm Ip. Iebn Rms\tmgpw
IpsdqSn hn in ambXn \v apKW\ sImSpn cpp.
]{Xam[yafneqsS ]]nSn bm{nIamb B[p\nI Ie hfsc
PpKp]vkmhlambnmWv F\np tXmnbXv. B[p\nI Iebn
Dmb \nehmc XI, {]tXyInpw cmw temI almbpn\v
tijw Dmb A[x]X\w F\np Hcnepw Dsmm
Ignn.
Fm DXamb {]m]nI hoWntev ISp
sNpXn \p]Icw, CmXn cn ]e Iemkmln XyImcmcpw
akv Xnjv sshIeyfnepw, abp acppIfnepw Asn
BlXybnepw HsbmWv FnsSpsXv Rm Ip.
Ahsmcp ]t \ssbms Xfnncnp Cu NppaXnen\v
apIfneqsS Apdtv Hsnt\mm Ignp Fp
tXmmsanepw, ]pdtp hgn Ism Ignnn. Fs
kzw IhnXI IqSpX _nw_]qWhpw dnsIbptSbpw
dnw_uSnsdbpw Hs t]mse IqSpX {]XoImIXbpsS
ASn dbn epXpambn amdn . ]ucmWn I in Isf
HmnnpsImv AcptWmZbw, cm{Xn, ]I, kqcy, Imv, AKv\n
XpSn A\h[n _nw_ Fs a\n DZbw sNm XpSn.
Hw {]mNo\ ssZhkfpsS Ahy cq]fpw. Cu
IhnXIv Hcp ]uckvXy LS\mkmZriyhpw Dmbncpp Fp
{ItaW Rm Isn hcpIbmbncpp.
A\ t_m[n tepw PKZv in Ifn tepw D
hmXmb\sahw ImWs BcnIamb Hcp {]IrXnZriyns
_nw_fmbncpp Ah. Cu _nw_fn ]eXpw {io Achns
IhnXIfnepw EtKzZnepw ]noSv Rm IspIbpmbn.
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 48
Fs Imhy k]cyIfn kvs{sXWamb Hcp aqehkvXp AYhm
Hcp ImhytZhX Fs \bnpXmbpw {]tNmZnnpXmbpw
F\n\p`hsp. Dn \ne\nncp Pknamb Hcp tZho`mhw
Fs Cu Ihn XIfn eqsS cq]w { ]m]n m XpSn .
t_m[n tdbpw Pohn Xn tdbpw \n KqV in Isf
{]Xnênnp, {]IrXnbpsS kucyn\v ]nn adncnp
Znhy inbmbncpp Ah. Cu A\p`hw ]nmev Fs
`mcXnse tZhokhpambn _sSppIbpmbn.
GXmv AtX kabp Xs Rm emthmv kp apX
D]\njp hscbp ]uckvXy {K ]Tnm XpSn.
ltcIrjv W, AXo{ n b[ym\kwLw XpSn b ]uckv Xy
{]m\ Rm Xmaknncp Cu henb ]mmXy \Kcnepw
Dsp Imcyw Rm Isn . Fs a\n s\
kzm[o\nncpXv IqSpXepw bqtdm]y\mb \ne]mSpIfmbncpp
Fnepw, ]uckvXy hoWhpw Hpw ]pdInembncpn. B ASpw
hnp hcnIbpambncpp.
]mmXy NnI Dcw IspXn ]cmPbs ]e
tNmZyfptSbpw Dcw Cu ]uckvXy t_m[\fn Dsv
Rm a\n emm XpSn . AXn t\msfmw { ][m\w
]mmXyNnIv Bib]cambn am{Xw DZvt_m[nnm km[n
t_m[ns Db Xefntev ISp sNpXn\p
amKfpw ]uckvXyv hiapmbncpp FXmWv. Hcn
sXcphneqsS \Sp \onb F\nv BImiw {ioIrjvW\msWv
Xncndnhpmb Imcyw Rm\ntm Hmpp. {]]ntev
Xpdp P\meI t]mse, Acw aqnI PKns
kXysf HmnnphbmsWv F\nss Dn \np
Xs Xncndnhpmbn. ]nv ]pdv bqtdmn asmcp
BymnI [mc {]hlnppsv Rm Isn. AXmIs
s{ sIkv Xh Nn sf Bymn I ]men
D]tbmKnptXmsSmw, ]gb hn{Klmcm[IcpsS {]XoItfmSpw
]uckv Xy temItmSv s]mXpthbpap AXns _
\ne\ndppIbpw sNbvXncpp.
49 tUhnUv {^men
ckhnZybpsS ]mccyw ssN\bpssS temIsamSpw
hym]nncpp. {]XoI shdpw `mh\m _nw_ am{Xaspw
Ah a\mkv { X ]cambn in bphbmsWpw Rm
a\nemn. kaqlns At_m[ a\nta kzm[o\nv {]mNo\
tZho tZhmcpsS t\v Ah \s sImpt]mIpp. {_mhv,
hnjv Wp inh Fo {]m]nI inIv \ev Inbncnp
krn, kwcWw, kwlcWw Fns\bp {]XoIhcWw
hfsc AYhmbn Rm Ip.
a\ximkv{Xambncpp Rm XmXv]cyw Isnb asmcp
hnjbw. t{^mbnUns ssewKnIXsb Ipdnp Bib Fs
Fs Itmenm ]men \nv tamNnnm klmbnp.
Fm a\ns Bgtadnb Xesfpdnpw AXns {InbmI
am\sfpdnpw Atlw a\nemnbncpn Fv F\np
tXmn. AXn\ptijw Rm Im Pns a\imkv{Xnepw
ckhn Zybn epap IrXn Ifpambn ]cn Nbsp. AsX\n v
]pXnsbmcp shfnw sImp Xp. 1968 sslkvIqfn\v tijap
th\mev, tImtfPv {]thi\n\v thn {ianmsX, Rm
Pn s a\imkv { X ckhn Zym kw_n bmb IrXn I
hmbnpIbmWv sNbv XXv . kqcy\pw knwlhpw, ô\nIv !kpw
IpIhpw XpSnb _nw_ Rm ssIImcyw sNbvXncp Imhy
I\ItfmSv hfsc kZriambncpp. Ah Fs ]gb bqtdm]y
ann ]mccyfpambn _sSpn.
CsXs \thmm\n tdbpw AXn s Iem
XXzimkv{XfptSbpw Isentev \bnp. Rm\hsb Ipsd
Bgn Xs ]cntim[np. Fm \thmm\w sXmb hgntb
\on bXmbn mWv F\n p tXmn bXv . amkn en tbm
^n kn t\mhn eqsS AXv XpSn bXv Hcp an n
Dbsgptmbn mbn cpp. Fm thKw Xs
ùXnIhmZnepw dnbenknepw IpSpn t]mIpIbmWpmbXv.
]mmXytemIw ]nbpsS Imiyfn \npw Zqtcv AIp
amdn sbn epw, sNsn bXv aXtbpw imkv { Xtbpw
kacksSpm Ignbp icnbmb BobXbnte adnv
at Aamb ùXn IhmZn emWv . Fs Itmen m
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 50
]men \npmb HupIyw sImv Rm tXmakv
AIzn\mkns IrXnIfnepw Itmenm XXzimkv{Xnepw ISp
sNp. Fm AXv Znhym\p`h kv Xoscbnm {]mtbW
aSapnbmb hc `qanIbmbnmWv ImWsXv.
aokvs FIvJmSns {InkvXy Znhym\p`h t_m[\
IqSpX AYhmbn tXmpIbm Rm AXntev \on.
Hcp]t hyn]camb GtXm KrlmXpcXzns t{]cW
sImmhmw, Ipdp kabtv ]nbpsS thenspIv
]pdp IrkvXpaXntev Hcp aSn sNen\v Rm {ianp
t\mn. Fm Znhym\p`h (ann) taJebnse {InkvXy
]mccyw A]qWamb t_m[\fntem, Hs hynIfntem
am{Xw HXpn \nphbmsW Imcyw thKw Xs F\np
hyambn. bYmYn ]qhnSpXn\p apv \innsp t]mb
Hcp ]mccyamWXv . I\nbaw, ]p\Pw XpSn ]uckv Xy
Zi\fn \n pw Rm ]Tn Imcy { In kv Xy
t_m[\tfm IqSpX hkvXp\njvTambn F\n\p`hsp.
temIns hnhn[ `mKfn \npap Iptdtbsd Bob
{ Kfpw ]mTfpw hmbn p Ign tm tbiphn s\
sNmnbp {InkvXy aSapn Hcp at\mtcmKambnmWv F\nv
ImWsXv. am\h Ncn{Xn Fmehpw At\Iw almmcmb
BobKpcpm Dmbnpspw, tbip{Inkv Xp Atlw
F{XXs almmhmsWnepw Ahcn Hcm am{XamsWpw
F\n v kphyambn . Xeapdbmbn ssIamsv In n b
{]t_m[\fnemhs Ghpw \mbn kwcnsncpXv
Atln tdX Xm\pw. ammcn epw ImWm Fp
{]tXyIXbmWv tbiphnepsXpw, IqSpX hyXtbmSp IqSn
ashnsSsbnepw ImWm Inm Fv {]t_m[\fmWv
Atln tdXmbn pXv Fpw IspXn Rm
]cmPbsp. { In kv XpaXs kw_n v Hcn
F\npmbncp annIv `mhw Ctm ]qWambpw Ingns
t\mbn Xop.
51 tUhnUv {^men
bp hncp {]m\w
1969 Rm Hcp {]mtZinI khIemimebn tNv
]Tnm XpSn. "tImkv tamfPnbpw sam^nknIv kpw" F
hnjbnse Hcp mv Rm {]tXyIw Hmpp. hfsc
\ncmimP\Iambncpp AXv . B mv {][m\ambpw imkv {X
kw_nbmbncpp, tImkvtamfPn hepXmsbmpw AXn In.
sam^nknIv kv AXnepw Ipdhmbncpp. s{]m^kdpw Fs
\ncmisSpn. Rm AtltmSv temInse {]iv\tfbpw
Ahp ]cnlmctfbpw Ipdnsmw tNmZnp. a\pjykaqlw
ASp apnbp hjn IqSpX AXnPohnpIbn
Fpw AXns\ Hgnhmm Hpw sNm Ignbn Fpw Atlw
{]XnhNnp. Xms\mcp s{]m^k Bbn Xs XpSpsImv
kw`h hnImk t\mn ImWpXn Xr]vX\msWpw Atlw
Fs Adnbnp.
CXv Fnep kmaqly {]Xn_Xsb ]nSnpep. F\nv
Fsnepw sNWsav tXmn. tIhew _pn]cXbpsS
ZtKm]pcn PohnpsImv temIw XISnbpXv ImWm
Rm Hcpambncpn. Cu {]tNmZ\w Fs bphncp
{]m\ntev sImsnp. AXn\p apv Xs Amev
{ ]apJambn cp a\pjymhImi { ]m\n Rm
XXv ]c\mbncpp. bphncp {]m\ns `mKambn Rm
\nch[n {]Xntj[fn ]sSpp. sImfdmtUmbn Cu
{]m\w A{X hepXmbncpn. AXv Fs AXns AdnbsSp
Hcp t\Xmhmn amn . Rm \n ch[n { ]Xn tj[
kwLSnnpXn klmbnpIbpw sNbvXp.
Rm SDS (P\m[n]Xy kaqln\p thn hnZymYnI)
F { ]m\n s HcwKambn cpp. AXmIs
hnZymYnInSbnse bphncp {]m\fn Ghpw hepXpw,
IyqWnv, A\mnv Nmbv hpIfp hnh {]m\fpambn
_apXpambn cpp. 1 969 sSIv kmkn se Hmn \n epw
Cnt\mbnknse NnmtKmbnepw hv \S SDS s tZiob
tImshj\pIfn Rm ]sSppIbpapmbn.
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 52
Cu ktf\fn \qdp IWn\v hnZymYnI HnpIqSn
\nch[n {]iv\sfpdnv N sNbvXp. Fm {][m\ambpw
Atacn bn Fs\ Hcp hn hw XpSmw
FXns\pdnmbncpp Nn. AXv A\nhmcyamb HmsW
Imcyn Bpw kwibapmbncpn. Fm 1969 s
HSphn ]gb tkmjyenpIfpw, ]pXnb Xo{hhmZ kwLhpambn
SDS ]nfp. sXmgnemfn hns ]npW ]nSnp ]Wsapw
t\cntdbpw anXXzntdbpw amKw DbnnSnWsapw D
A`n{]mbmcmbncpp tkmjyenpI. F\nhcpsS kao]\w
A{X t_myambn. Hcp Ln Rm IpsdqsS Xo{hamb
kac kwLfn tNcpXns\pdnv ]cnKWnsnepw, Fs
kz Xthbp kam[m\ { ]IrXw ImcWw AXn \n pw
]namdpIbmbncpp. AcmPI]ns kao]\w Fs hyn
{]IrXn\v Ghpw CWpXmbn tXmnbXpsImv Rm
AXn tNp. Fm Bcpw Kuchambn FSpmhn[w Hcp
sNdnb \yq\]ambncpp Ah.
_pnPohn cm{ob hrfnse kplrptfmsSmw
Rm\pw lnn {]m\s Hcp D]cnh, _unIhncp,
B\temep] kaqlambn ImWm XpSn. bpntdbpw
NqjWntdXpamb B kabpw acpSnpw hnt\mZfn
apgpInbpw Ignbp AhcpsS PohnXssien hfsc s]mbmbn
F\np tXmn. tIhe kpJmt\zjWn F\np Xr]v XnbSbm
Ignbpambncpn. cm{obtam, Nnm]ctam, Bobtam Bb Hcp
Db eyn\p thnbmbncpp Rm t\mnsImncpXv.
AtX kabw Rms\s Bobhpw XXzNnm]chpamb ]T\
XpSp sImpancpp.
Fs Ihna\pw, Znhym\p`h XXv]cXbpw Hs hpsImp
t\mnbtm CmXncn Fm cm{ob kwcw`fpw hfsc
_mltympJamsWv Rm Ip. AtXmsS Bymn I
PohnXamWv FpsImpw sasav \nbnpsImv Fs Imhy
k]cybntepw [ym\ntepw Rm aSn. hfsc iamb
Hcp _qjzm hncp, hyhnXn hncp, CSXp] kao]\w
53 tUhnUv {^men
]ntbpw hfsc hjtfmfw \ne\ndpnbncpsnepw,
]nosSmcnepw Rm Atacnbnse cm{ob kwcw`fntev
Xncnp t]mbn. Hcp ]cn[nhsc B Nmbv hpI Csmgpw Fn
AhtijnpIbpw sNpp.
Bob]mXIfpw
thZfpsS Isepw
1970 s XpSn Rm sUhdn Hcp Kpcphns\
Isn. Iptd BymnI {]t_m[\ Atlsa\nv
]cn NbsSpn p. Atln s Dmgv NI
]cnanXfmbncppshnepw, BymnI ]mXbpambn Fs
IqnbnWpXn Atlw Hcp cmkXzcIw t]mse hnp.
Atln eqsS ]cn Nbs Bob amKfn \n v
tbmKimkv {Xw Fs apJy A\pjv Tm\ ]Xnbmbn Rm
sXcsSpp.
Atlsa\nv lnpaXw, _paXw, Xntbmk^n, kq^naXw
XpSn b Zn hym\p`h Bob ]mXIfpsS Hcp \n c Xs
]cn NbsSpn Xn cpp. AXn Beokv s_bv en bpsS
\nKqVimkv{X {]t_m[\ apX sk hscbpmbncpp.
KpcvZvPo^ns {]t_m[\v AXn {]apJamsbmcp m\w
Inncpp. aXfpsS _mlycq]v ]pdIn ImXemb
AZi\ \ne\nppsv Rm a\nemn.
\nch[n Atacn BNmcyam Amev t]scSpv
hncpp. t]mcmXn\v CUybn \np BNmcymcpw
Atacnbn FnpSnbncpp. CUy, tbmKimkv {Xw,
Kpcpm Fn s\bp {]Xn kwkv Imc XmXv ]cy
Atacnbn henb tXmXn apfs]mm XpSn. Rm
Dsncp kwLw sUshdn Xsbp ]eXn Hmbncpp.
IpSpw_PohnXn\pw, {]Xnkwkv Imc {]m\pw ]Icw
hbvmhpXpw Atm Xopw BIjIambn tXmnbXpamb
asmcp PohnXcoXn Ahsc\nv Imnp.
]e coXnIfn \nv Daambhsb Fmw sXscsSpp
Hcp coXn bmbn cpp B BNmcytdXv . Atlw kz w
hoWfpsS Imcyn kmheuInI\pw, kXyw FhnsS
Imepw kzoIcnWw Fp kzbw hnizknncp Bfpambncpp.
AXv A{]Xntcmyamb Hcmibambncpp. Fm Atlns
Cu kao]\n\v Hcp Zqjyhpapmbncpp. ]Tnncp hnjb
]qWampXn\v apv Xs X\nv Hcp KpcphmIWsa Bhiyw
Atln\pmbncpp.
HSphn Xs injyXzw kzoIcnm\mhiyspsImv
Atlw temIsamSpap \nch[n BymnI kwLS\Iv
IpIsfgpXn. temInse Fm aX]mccytfbpw F{]Imcw
tImnWWsav X\np am{Xta a\nembnpq Fv
Atln\v tXmn. kzm`mhnIambpw Atlns Cu \ntiw
kzoIcnm Bcpw Xsbpmbn. CXmbncpp Hcp Bob
I\mWbhpambn Dmb Fs BZys kw. Ccm,
{]tXyInpw kzbw AhImihmZfpambn \Sp ]mmXy
KpcpmcpsS CSbn Zpeà Fs\nv a\nembn.
BobX Bmhn \p am{ Xa Alwt_m[n \pw
BIjIamWv. ImcWw Alw`mhn\v AXns Ghpw henb
int\Sm\p hgnbpw AXnepv. \apv eynsepXn\p
apv Xs Hcp KpcphmIm\pw hnai\XoXamb Hcp m\w
t\Sm\pw Ignbpw. AXv \psS At\zjWn\v hncmaanSpIbpw
sNpw. Hcp]t BobXbnse Alw_pnsb sNdpn
Xs ]cnNbsXv B {]iv \spdnv IcpXepmhm\pw
AXnse hogvNI Hgnhmm\pw Fs klmbnp Fp]dbmw.
Bob ]cnioe\v Nnetm ]miz ê
Dmhmw F Imcyw Rm a\n emn . AXpt]mse
55 tUhnUv {^men
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 56
hyhm]nXamb Znhym\p`h kwLv t]mepw AanXXztZmjw
hcmw. XpSn ]e amKn \npw ISw sImp
BNmcys kao]\w ckIcambn tXmn. Bgv NtXmdpw Hcp
{]t_m[\n Asn amn \npw asmntev
\op coXn. Fmbv tmgpw ]pXnb Bibfpw hnNn{Xamb
IYIfpw sImv Atlns coXn hfsc ]pXpabpXpw,
\mSIobhpw, DtP\Ichpambncpp. ]t Ccw Hcp kao]\w
shdpw D]cnhXbn sNsm am{Xw hn[nsXmsWv
A[nIw sshImsX Xs Rm Xncndnp. sshhnyam
P\XIfpsS \qmpI \o kwkv Imcfn \n pw
Dcpncnph Cu t_m[\sfmw ]cnioenpXp t]mIs
Asasnepw ]TnpIsbnepw sNm Bscsmv
km[n pw ? AXpw hyn sb \n ebn Hcmv
A\ptbmPyamhbpw Ahbnepmtbmw Fptm ?
Bob amKfn se sshhn ys _lpam\n pIbpw
AwKoIcnpIbpw thWsaXv icnXs. Fm PohnXw Hcp
sXcsSpv BhiysSpp. \apv GsXnepw Hcp ]mXtb
]npScm Ignbq. AXv hnimeamb HmsWn Ghpw \Xv.
GXmv Cu kabv Rm D]\n jpIsf
IspIbpmbn. Ahbn Rm hfsctbsd {]tNmZ\w
IspIbpw Ah F\nv Ghpw {]nbs {Kfmbn
XocpIbpw sNbvXp. AsXs \nch[n ap thZm {Kfntev
\bnp. sshImsX Xs Rm icmNmcycpsS IrXnI,
{]tXyInpw hnthINqUmaWn t]msebp sNdp{K
hnh\cq]n BntbmsS ]Tnp. Rm ]cnNbs hnhn[
{]t_m[\fn thZmambncpp Fs Ghpw Bgn
kv]inXv. Hcn Hcp kplrnt\msSmw sUhdnse Hcp
Ipp Ibdn bXv Rmt\mpp. R Ghpw
apIfnsenbtm, s]sss Dn Hcp t_m[apWp. Rm
Aac\mWv . Fn se Rm P\\ acWfm
]cnanXsh\spw, CXn\p appw Rm A\h[n PohnX
Pohnnpspw F\nv t_m[apmbn.
Ccw thZm]camb A Zi\ F\nv hfsc
57 tUhnUv {^men
kz`mhnIambn ImWsp. Fm FtmsSmapmbncp
kplrn\v Rms\mWv ]dbpsXv a\nembn. Fs
XXz Nn m]camb XmXv ]cyw \n an w Rm \n ch[n
_paXkq{Xfpw ]Tnp. AXn 'ehXc' AXn {]uUamsbmcp
{Kambn tXmn. Rm t\ct ]Tnncp AkvXnXzhmZhpw,
]uckv Xy [ym\]mccyfpw Xn _nn Hcp ]mew
t]msebmWv _paXkq{X F\n\p`hsXv.
Fs a\v Ddpt]mIpXn\p apv sNdpn Xs
Ccw {]t_m[\ ]Tnm\mbXpsImv Fs ]mmXy
hnZym`ymkn\v ]qcIamIhn[w Gsdpsd Hcp ]uckvXy
hnZym`ymkns {]tbmP\hpw F\nv Inn.
BZy tbmK]cnioe\w
]uckv Xy k{Zmbsf Ipdnp Fs ]T\w shdpw
_pn ]camb Hp am{ Xambn cpn . tbmK { ]mWmbma
]cnioe\ sNbvXp ]coWfpw AXnepmbncpp. 1970
se th\mev Rm Xo{hamb {]mWmbma, a{, [ym\
A\pjvTm\ ]cnioenm XpSn. CXv Rm ]e coXnbn
_w ]penbncp {InbmtbmK k{Zmbn \npw
hXmbncpp. kqva Xen insb DWpXn Cu
{]{Inb hfsc ê{]Zambn {]hnpXv Rm Ip.
{]mW \mUnIfneqsS kcnpXv F\n\p`hnm
Ign p. N{ IfpsS Nn e A\p`hfpw, e Ime
]cnanXnIpdtp t_m[ns s]mXphmb hnImkhpw
Rm A\p`hnp. a{ ]cnioe\v Fn {]tXyIamsbmcp
êapmbn. Rm Ign Pn Hcp lnp tbmKntbm atm
Bbncpp Fsmw F\np tXmn. Hcp]t B kabv Fs
kao]\n Iptd {àI\I Dmbncpncnmw. Cntm
]nncnp t\mptm F\ns\ tXmpp.
{]mWmbman \nv Innb asmcp t\w, hjfmbn
Fs Aen smn cp AePn I GXmv hn pamdn
FpXmWv. AsXs \mUo hyhsb iphpw kpKahpamn.
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 58
tbmK]cn ioe\n \v a\n t\bpw icocsbpw
tcmKhnapamm Ignbpsav Rm a\nemn.
hoSpIfpw sNSnIfpw t]mep \ne hkvXpfn t]mepw
klPambn \n e\n p aqeXXz n s kmn ys
A\p`hnpsImv cm{Xn sshIn sUshdnse sXcphpIfn
\SncpXv Rmt\mpp. PUn _nX\mbncppsImv,
{ItaW a\pjy\neqsS hnIknm\mbn shsImp ]pcpjs\
AYhm Bmhns\ F\n\p`hnm\mbn.
t_m[w ]cnanXnIfnmXpw \psSsbms \ne\nns
B[mchpamWv. Hcp {Kqn\pw, Hcp Bibn\pw, Hcp kwLS\pw
AXns\ AhImisSm\mhn. shdpw an\m \nnXamb Cu
icoctmSpIqSnb a\pjy\neqsSbp t_m[ns hnImkw
alcamsWn epw kmh[m\n epXpw, hn jaIchpw,
thZ\mIchpw IqSnbmWv.
AsXmcp \o bm{X Xsbmbncnpw, {]tXyInpw
DXamb {]XymiI HpanmsX kpjp]vXnbnemncnp Cu
ùXnI kwkvImcn. AXv Rm Xncndnp.
_paXhpw thZmhpw Rm thZmnbmhpp
1 972 Rm\pw Fs Hcp kplrpw IqSn
Iment^mWnbbntev \on. AhnsS kPohambncp Bob
kwLS\IfptSbpw sNdp kwLfptSbpw {]h\fn
ASpnS]gIm\mbncpp AXv . R Iptdtbsd Cym
kwL kin p. cmaIrjv W thZm tI{ w, B
kmmXvImc kwLw, Achn tI{w, IrjvWaqn sûtj
XpSn \nch[n B{iafpw AhnSfnse Kpcpmscbpw
R kinp, AhnsS\nsmw Fsnepsams ]Tnm\pw
Rmbn.
Pm\okv, ssN\okv, Xn_, tXchmZn k{Zmbfnep
_paX tI{ fpw R kin p. Nm, sk
k{Zmbfnep t\cnp kao]\hpw, {]IrXntbmSp
59 tUhnUv {^men
_hpw hfsc BIjIambncpp. XfpsS aqnIfpw Xm{nI
tbmK A\pjvTm\fpw sImv Xn_pIm lnptfmSv hfsc
ASp kmayw tXmnp. {]IrXntbmSp AXns _w ImcWw
F\np XmthmbnktmSv Hcp {]tXyI ASpw tXmn. AXns
]T\n Fs klmbnm \smcp ssN\okv Aym]It\bpw
Rm Isn.
Xmthmbnkw aphn[nIsfmpanm, `qantbmSv hfsc
ASpw ]pep, { ]IrXn tbmSv Hmbn \n p
aX]cn h\n XmXv ]cyan m Hcp aXamWv . AXv
klnjv WpXm ]qWhpw, hn[n InmXpw, ]m]tbpw,
kamKnIXtbbpw Ipdnsmpw thhemXn sImmXpamWv.
Hcp A\p_ amKsa \nebn Rm Xmthmbnkw hniZambn
Xs Ipsd hj ]Tnp. AsXs HSphn ssN\okv ]mccy
NnInm]Xn ]TnpXntev sImsnp.
Hcn F\np Xmthmbnknse ]ptcmlnX ]hpw
Nmsp Inn. Fnepw Fs Zmi\nI a\v Fs IqSpXepw
_paXn tepw thZmn tepw
henSpnpIbmWpmbXv. Ipdsmcp Imetv Rm Ch
cn tdbpw Zi\fn tev t]mbn hp sImn cpp.
_paXn s [ojWmin Fs BIjn p, Hw
thZmns BZihmZhpw Fs Hcpt]mse t{]mmlnnp.
_paXns bpn`{ZX hmpIpdtv ISp
sNp hn[w kqv ahpw, a\ns\ Ipdnp _paXns
[mcW Akmam\yhpambncpp. AXn\papn ]mmXy XXzNn
shdpsamcp Ip am{ Xw. Fm thZmn \v ip
AkvXnXztbpw t_m[tbpw Ipdnv Hcp ImgvNmSpmbncpp.
AXmbncpp Fs AcwKnse Znhym\p`h tNmZ\ItfmSv
Ghpw CWn \n Xpw. AXv Bmhn t\bpw, Zn hyXv
thnbp AXns Nnc\amb Zmltbpw IrXyambn
{]Xnênnp.
Hcp PKZv krmhns BhiyIX (_paXn AXn)
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 60
F\n\p`hsp. AXmIs ]gb GI ssZhmcm[\bnse kzK
\cIfpsS DSa\mb tkzm[n]Xn A, adnv hnthI]qW\pw
t{]akzcq]hpamb Znhy]nXmhpw, amXmhpambncpp. lnpaXnse
inht\bpw ]mhXntbbpw t]mse. AXpt]mse Xs Bmhns
Akv XnXzw, Db Bt_m[w Fnh kzbwknamsWpw Rm
Ip. \ne\nnse Ghpw henb kXyw, 'Fmw Rm' F
A\p`hamsWv Rm a\nemn.
_paXnse A\lw`mh kao]\w, Xmgv Xenep
AYhm 'A_amb Rm' `mhs \ncmIcnp Hs \nebn
icnbmsWnepw, ]e _ucpw sNpt]mse BXXzs ]mtS
XnftbXns Bhiyw Rm In. CUybn hfp
hnpw, _paXw FpsImv Bmhv , {_w, Cuizc
Fnhsbsbmw \ncmIcnp ? FpsImv Ahv Hcp
kqhpw kwKXhpamb Zi\ambn D]\n jpsf
kzoIcnm Ignn Fs\nv a\nembn. Fmn\pw ]pdsa
thZm Zi\amIs XpdXpw aphn[nIfnmXpamWpXm\pw.
_paXw thZmnse ]e Bibtfbpw FSpv kzw
cq]n ]p\x{]kv XmhnXmbn ImWsp. Ah {_s
[Imb\pw, Bmhns\ t_m[nNn\pw, ssZhs AYhm
Cuizcs\ _p\pamn amn. AXpsImv _paXs F{Xam{Xw
Rm BZcnncppshnepw thZmn \np amdn _paX
A\pbmbnbmhm aXnbmb ImcWsampw F\nv ImWm
Ignn. AXns êw Rm Hcp thZmnbmhpIbpw AsXs
PohnX XXzZi\amn amdpIbpw sNbvXp FpXmWv. Cpw
AXs\ Xs XpScpp. _paX Zi\ thZmns
Nqn A\mbmkambn LSnnm F\nv Ignp.
temInse hnhn[ Bob amKsfpdnv s]mXphmbn
]Tnp k{Zmbn \nv amdn thZms {]tXyIambn
A\pkm\w sNm XpSnbXv Fs PohnX hnImknse
kp{ ][m\amb Hcp Lambn cpp. AXn \ptijw Fmw
]cnioenm {ianptXm t]mIs, Fmw ]TntXns
t]mepw BhiyIX F\n\p`hsn.
61 tUhnUv {^men
BXynI k\ymknbmb caW aljn
_paXns _unIamb Kl\Xtbm, AXns t\cnp
am\knI {]t_m[\tfm CmXmWv thZmw F\nemWv
F\nv BZyw ImWsXv. ]noSv Ah[qXKoX, Amh{IKoX
XpSnb AZsszX thZm {Kfn Chsbmw Rm Isn.
Fm Ghpw { ][m\w, Rm ashn sSsbmsbpw
InpXnt\msfmw DZv_pamb {]t_m[\ \evInb Hcp
Kpcphns\ Ipdnv a\nemn FXmWv.
AZsszX m\nbmb caW aljnbpsS {]t_m[\fn
PohpXpw, _un Iambn AXn hyhpw, AtXkabw
Bobambn DXhpw {]mtbmKnIhpamb Hcp thZmw Rm
Zin p. a\n s { ]h\tfbpw AXn \pdap
t_m[Xetbpw ]qWambn Idn Hcp ]cn ]q
m\nbmbncpp caW aljn. BZyambn Rm Itm apX
Xs Atln s Nn { Xn \n v Hcp BIjWw
F\n\p`hsp. caW aljn Fs Hcp Bob ]nXmhpw,
{_m\ns BXynI amXrIbpambn XpSp. Rm
CUybn se Atln s B{iahpambn In S]mSpI
\SpIbpw, AhcpsS amknI ]TnpIbpw, ]nmev AXn
teJ\ FgpXpIbpapmbn.
Bm\w BWv Fm BymnI amKfptSbpw
BXynI k. AXpXsbmWv thZmns ASndbpw.
Xsn AdnbpI FXmWv thZmns {][m\ ap{ZmhmIyw.
caW aljn Cu Bm\ amn s ]cn ]qW
aqnaZv`mhambn Pohnp. AtlneqsS thZmw Hcp kPoh
kmn yhpw, Fm Ime tZitfbpw { ]Imin n p
TPymXnpsa \nebn Dd\ne ssIhcnp.
AtXkabw caW aljn ]mccyfntem, BNmcfntem,
shdpw ]pkv XI ]T\ntem, NSpIfntem IpSpnbn.
Atlns AZsszXw efnXhpw, EPphpw, B[p\nIhpw,
Atbs kmmXvImcn\phscbp hmKvZm\hpamWv. AXv
Hmtcm hynpw Xopw A\ptbmPyhpw kpe`hpamWv.
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 62
Rm AXn ]cn ]qW imn A\p`hn p. caW
aljn bptSbpw, { iocmaIrjv W kwLn tdbpw,
D]\njpfptSbpw, icmNmcycptSbpw kzm[o\ Fs
thZm amns ASndbmbn Xop. Rm ap ]e {][m\
thZm { Kfpw ]Tn v AZssz X k{ Zmbspdn v
kphyamb hoWw t\Sm { ian p. Fs ]cn ioe\
]XnbnemIs, Rm caW aljnbpw, sP IrjvWaqnbpw
]Tnn m\tbmKw AYhm m\neqsSbp kmbqPyw F
Bmt\zjWns ]mX XncsSpp.
Ccw [ym\ amKsfmw a\ns\ imhpw BgapXpw
Bphbmbn cpp. Rm ]mmXy tZip { ][m\
tbmK]cn ioeItcbpw, Bob kwLtfbpw
]cntim[nncpsnepw, F\nv ]npScm ]nb HcmNmcys\
AhnSbn Rm IspIbpmbn. Fs hynXz
{]IrXw sImv IqSpX {]ikv Xcpw Aan X{àmcpamb
{]m\sf Rm Hgnhmnbncpp. Fm BymnI
PohnXtmSv Hcp iamb AWw Fn hfp hp.
kq^n k{Zmbw
temIn se Bymn I k{ Zmbsf
]cntim[npXns Iqn Rm kq^n k{Zmbntepw
t\mn bn cpp. Ahcpambn \ _ Dmbn cp
Kpcv Zv Po^n s { ]t_m[\fn eqsSbmWv AXv km[n Xv .
XpSnep Fs [mcW, kq^nIv , lnppw
_paXmpw Hw HuXyw ]pepXpw, {Inkv Xy
hnipcptSXnt\m hfsc Kl\hpamb Hcp Znhym\p`h
]mccyapsmbncpp.
kq^n I B m\spdn pw, B
kmmXvImcspdnpw, Fm aXfptSbpw GIXsbpdnpw
Hs kwkmcnncpp. Fm XmaknbmsX kq^nInSbnep
AklnjvWpXtbbpw tNcnXncnhnt\bpw Rm Ip. AsX\nv
IqSpX IqSpX AkzmyIcambn amdn. kq^nIfmWv CUybn
AZsszX thZmw krnXv Asn Pm\nse skns
63 tUhnUv {^men
ImcWm Fo anep AhImi hmZsfmw Xopw
AXnitbmnI am{XamWv.
kq^nI Hcp Xcnep s]cpam Nn AYhm Iqmb
{ ]h\n Du sImSpn cpp. AXv Fs
hyntI{oIrXamb {]IrXn\v BIjIambn tXmnbn. Ah
D]tbmKn n cp ss__n ]Z{ ]tbmK Fs
Irkv XpaXtbpw AXns aphn[nItfbpw HmnnpIbpw
sNbv Xp. AhcpsS ssZhkw hfsc hyn]chpw hfsc
sshImcnIhpambn ImWsp. Rm [ k{Zmbfnse
IqSpX \nwKhpw Aaqhpamb ip t_m[sbmWv
CsXv.
Rm ]etmgpw kq^nIfn ]ecpambn ksncpp.
AhcpsS ]e tI{fpw kinpIbpw hnhn[ hnjbsfn
kwkmcn pIbpw sNpambn cpp. Hcp tbmK
hoWneqsSbmWv Atacn kztZinIfmb ]e kq^nIfpw
kq^nks IncpXv. aplZnt\mSpXnt\m Ahv
_w dqantbmSmbncpp. Fm Rm Ipapnb hntZi
_fp kq^nI Ahcn \npw hyXykv Xcmbncpp.
]uckvXy [mnI k{Zmbtfm Cmw anIXmbn Ah
Ip. AXpsImp Xs Hcp kq^nbmIpXn\v apv Hcp
bmYmnXnI apoamthXpsv Ah iTnp. CXv kq^n
aXnep Fs XmXv]cyw sISpnfp.
thZtfbpw {io Achnt\bpw Ispp
GsXms BobmNmcyamcpsS {]t_m[\fmtWm
Rm ]TnnpXv , Fs NnIfptSbpw hnImcfptSbpw
ASnm\n t\mnbm Ahcn Ghpw {iml {io
Achn\mbncpp. Rm hmbnnp Hcp {KImct\mSpw
D]anm\mhm Xcw _pnhym]v Xn Achn\pmbncpp.
AXncpIfnm kap{Zn \on \Sp XnanwKew t]mse,
Hcph\v Atlns at\maeneqsS AXncpImWmsX \on
\Sm\mhpw.
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 64
Atlns apn Rm ]Tndn Fm ]mmXy
_pnPohnIfpw, knamcpw shdpw Ipam am{Xambncpp!.
CUy BNmcyamcpsS Iqn emIs Atln s
{]t_m[\ hyhpw, B[p\nIhpw, hnimehpw, ImhymIhpw
Bbn cpp. AXv PmXn bptStbm, AhImihmZfptStbm,
aphn[nIfptStbm Iffn \nv aphpambncpp. Hcn
Rm tXSnsmncp {]mNo\ temIns {]tlfnIIsf Xpdp
ImWnpsImv Achns Zi\w ]gasb ]pIn \np. Fm
FmImetbpw am\hkaqln \v kz oIcn mhp Hcp
kmheuIn Ihpw kaXpen Xhpamb Zi\n eqsS AXv
`mhnbntep ]mXbpw Imncpp.
Bt_m[ns Hcp \htemIn\v \mn IpdnpsImv
{ io Achn CUybpsS almb ]mccysf
kacksSpn Ahsb BtKmf {]knbpXmn ]cnh\w
sNbv Xp. Atlw ]mmXy kwkv Imcs, AXns _unI
HuXytmSpw BymnI ]cnanXnItfmSpw IqSn hyambn
a\nemnbncpp.
_mlycq]tfmSpw euInIm\p`htfmSpap ]mmXy
A`n\nthins AXn\ninX\mb Hcp hnaiI\mbncns Xs
Atln\v ]mmXy kmlnXynsebpw, XXzNnbnsebpw
hnes Awisf Dbnmm Ignncpp. Rm
Achns \nch[n IrXnI ]Tnp. CUybpsS XXzZi\fmb
thZmw apX kmwJyw, tbmKimkv{Xw, X{w hscbphbpsS
Fm clkyfpw A\mhcWw sNp 'sse^v Unssh' (Znhy
PohnXw) Bbncpp Ahbn Hv.
AXn Hmtcm Aymbhpw XpSpXn\v Atlw D]tbmKn
EtKz Zn se \n ch[n tmI Rm { in p. Ah
AXnKwòcfpw \nKqUfpambn Rm Ip. thZsf Ipdnv
IqSpX ]Tnm Rm\pdp. {io Achns IrXnIfn,
EtKz Zn se { ]mY\Isf Ahew_n v AtlsagpXn b
'AKv\ntZht\mSp {]mY\I' F {Kw Fs Imhy`mh\sb
sXmpWn.
65 tUhnUv {^men
AsXs 'thZclkyw' F asmcp {Kntev \bnp.
AXv thZ {]t_m[\sf {]tXyIambn hn iZampIbpw
thZZi\w F\nmbn Xpdp XcnIbpw sNbvXp. 'thZclkyw'
Fs PohnXnse {][m\s Hcp IrXnbmbn amdn. Rm\m {Kw
]ebmhn hmbnp. Hcp kw`hw Rm\ntm Hmpp.
kplrpsf ImWpXn\mbn Hcn sImfdmtUmbn \npw
Im\Ubntep Hcp _kv bm{Xbnembncpp Rm. Av cm{Xn
Ipsd sshIn Rm\o ]pkvXIw hmbnpIbmbncpp. AXv 1971se
th\meambncpncnWw. Hcp sshZnI Zi\w Fs apn
DZbw sNbv Xp. t_m[ns XpSbmb ]cnWma{]{Inbsb
XpdpImWnpsImv sshZnI DjpIfpsS Hcp tLmjbm{X
Xs Fs apn sXfn p. P\\acWfptSbpw,
cmIepIfptSbpsamw clkysf Npcpfgn psImv
thZhnm\w {]IrXnbnsepw \ndp XpfppXmbn Rm
A\p`hn p. AWbm AKv \n t]mse, Pohn Ipen s
A`nemjsf hlnpsImv thZw \psS Acmmhns
`mKambn \ne\npp.
\msa{Xam{Xw A[]Xnp F Imcyw hfsc thZ\tbmSp
IqSn am{Xta \apmtemNnm Ignbq. kwkvImcns t]cn
B {]mNo\ ZnhtymZbfpsS t\v \mw \psS hmXnepI
sImn bSn cn pp. Fn v AXym{ Kln tdbpw,
[myn tdXpamb Ccp cm{ Xn bn Xn \Spp.
Rm\mkabv shdpsamcp thZmnb, sshZnI Xsbmbn amdn.
Hcp thZmnbmbn amdnbXv Fs PohnXnse BZys
Lambncpsn Hcp sshZnI\mbn amdnbXmWv cmas Lw.
Cu cv ]cn h\fpw ]etmgpw HtmsSmv
CSIemWv \nXv . Rm thZmns ]men
thZsf A\pkm\w sNbvXp. Fm ]noSv Fn Hcp
{ ]tXyI thZhoWw Xs hfp hv thZm
hoWtm tass t\Sn. AXv a{tmSpw IhnXtbmSpw
_sp \np IpsdqSn hnimehpw DZv{KYnXhpamb Hcp
thZms sImphp.
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 66
thZmns IpsdqsS hniZamb ]T\n\p tijw
Rms\mcp Imcyw a\nemn. thZ icnv ]TnpItbm,
Achn IXpt]mse AXn se Bgap m\w
IspItbm sNp thZmnI Xptemw IpdhmWv. Fm
Fs kw_nv, Cu ]T\w hfsc kzm`mhnIambncpp. Nne
thZmn I thZsf shdpw BNmc]Xn Ifmbn am{ Xw
XnfbphcmWv . Hcp sshZnIs\ \ne Fs Acw
thZmnI Fntcm thtcmcnSv Fnp. thZmn\v
{]XoImIhpw am{nIhpamb Hcp hnm\Xew IqsS thZ
IqntpXmbn Rm Ip.
HSphn thZa{fpsS Cu Xew F\nv thZmns
bpntbmfpw, At\zjW]SpXztmfpsams ckIcambn
tXmn. asmcp Imettm, am\knI Xentesm, asmcp
`mjbntesm Asn asmcp a\pjyhKntesm Hs
ISp sNpXpt]msebmbn cpp AXv . Fs a\n s
XXzNnm]camb hiw {ItaW Hcp sshZnI am{nI kao]\n\v
hgnamdnsmSpp.
{]mNo\ thZfpsS _nw_sf Dsmm F\nv
thZmnsdbpw _paXnsdbpw ko XXzZi\fn
\nv ]pdp IStXmbnpmbncpp. ]mmXy _unI
hoWfn \npw tbmK imkv{Xns BymnIXbntev
hcpXv t]mse CXpw Hcp]t A{Xbpw Xs hnjaw ]nSnXpw
ASnm\]chpamb amambncpp. Rm IpsdqsS GI\mbn
kcntnh ]mXbmbncpp CXv.
1 976 apX 1 980 hsc Rm `mcXn se alm
k\ymkn\nbmbncp {io B\ambn amtbmSv InS]mSpI
\Snbncpp. Fs kplrv A{]Imcw FgpXpIbpw, AXn\v
adp]Sn InpIbpw sNbvXncpp. AXmbncpp F\nv t{]cIw. Hp
cp amkpn Fs AZv `pXsSpn smv
F\nsmcp adp]Sn Ahcn \npw e`np.
kz man Bm\bpw, \n hmWm\bpw Fs
FgppIppIfn Fs klmbnncpp. Rm CUybnsen
67 tUhnUv {^men
amsb kinWsav ]Xnbnsnepw FpsImtm AXn\p
th{X kamlcW sNm F\nv Ignn. AhcpsS
amkn Ibmb B\hmbn Rm Nn e teJ\fpw
FgpXpIbpmbn . am bpambp Fs kw Fs
IqSpXembn thZmnI sslh ]mhntev ASpnp. B
AbpsS Duw XncameI t]mse, Hcp sshZypX {]hmlw
t]mse hp IqSpX Bgtadnb A\pjv Tm\ Xefntev
ISpsNm Fs t{]cnnp.
am bpsS A\p{Klw Fnse `n `mhs sXmpWn.
F\n v tZhn tbmSv am{Xa adn v in ht\mSpw cmat\mSpw
`nbpmbn. P]hpw Cuizc [ym\hpw sNbv XpsImv Rm
`n tbmKs a\n emm XpSn . sslh Cuiz c
aqnIfpsS cq] Fs at\mapIpcn sXfnp.
am bn \n v { ]tNmZ\apsmv Rm IqSpX
KuchtmsSbp thZ]T\w XpSn. Cu kabv CUybn
\npw Abp X Hcp bPpthZw F\nv Inn. Achn t]mepw
]cmain mXn cp Cu { Kw, AXn ibIcsatmWw
EtKzZstmse Xs {]tNmZnnpXmsWv Rm Ip.
a{fpsS in ]pXnb sshZnI Zi\ A\mhcWw
sNbv XpsImncpp.
GXmv Cu kabv Rm Cu \qmns XpSn
Pohnncp asmcp alm thZmnbmbncp kzman cmaXoYs
{]t_m[\sf Isn. F\nv kzman cmaXoYt\mSv Hcp
{]tXyI ASpw tXmn. ImcWw Atlw ImhymIhpw,
{]tNmZnnpXpw, kzX{hpamb Hcp a\ns DSabmbncpp.
am bpsS Ir]bmWv Fs Atlns ASpsnsXv
F\nv A\p`hsp. ImcWw am tbmSv knembncptm,
]etmgpw cma a{w Fntev hcpambncpp. kzman cma Fs
PohnXnse asmcp {][m\ hgnImnbpw Kpcphpambn Xop.
Ghpw { ][m\ambn Atln s ln ameb kZriamb
Binbpw, APamb Cminbpw sImv Atlw Fs
{]IrXnbpsS temItmSv _sSpn.
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 68
thZsf IpdnsgpXpp
]nmes Fs PohnXn apgph \ndp \n
thZsf ASnm\amnbp Fs BZys IrXn 1978se
th\mev ]pdphp. GtXm Bcn I in bpsS
{]tNmZ\w sIms hw, Fs thZfntev \bn {]mNo\
kqcyt\bpw, DjpItfbpw Ipdnv GXm\pw IhnXI Rm cNnp.
thZsf AhbpsS X\Xmb kwkvIrXn Xs Bgn
]TnWsav Rm \nbnp. thZfn IqSpX Bgap
BymnI thZm AYXe Dsp {io Achns
hoWw icnbmtWm Fp t\cnp ]cntim[nWsaXmbncpp
Fs eyw.
Rm AXn t\mSIw kwkv IrXw ]Tn n pmbn cpp.
am{Xhpa, Cu ]T\n\v XpSanSm thn thZfptSbpw
D]\njpfptSbpw kwkvIrXnep {]XnI Fs ]
Innbnpapmbncpp. thZfpambp Fs XpSnse
IpapepI Rm\ntm Hmpp. Nnetmsgmw AhbpsS
`mj hfsc A]cnjvIrXhpw, lnwkmIhpambn tXmn. HpIn
sshZnI Ejnam icnp Ejnamc, Asn \manv AhcpsS
{]t_m[\sf hymJym\np coXnbn ASnm\]cambn Xs
Ftm A]mIXbpv. CXmbncpp Fs Is. thZsf
shdpw A]cnjvIrXsav shdpsXbp XnfbmsX, \psS
kao]\ coXnsb tNmZyw sNm Rm Xocpam\np.
Hp ant]cpw thZsf ImWpXv Hcp ]mmXy _pnPohn
kao]\tmsStbm Asn Ghpw IqSnbm, thZm
NnbptStbm _paX bpnbptStbm ASnm\nemsWv
Rm Ip. thZ FgpXsn cn pXv CuamXn cn
hoWfn \npsImspw AXns\ a\nemm
Xopw hyXyamb Hcp kao]\w Xs BhiyamsWpw Rm
Xncndnp. shdpsX thZsf hnh\w sNbv XXpsImp
am{Xambn, ]pXpPoht\msS Ah DSseSp ]mew IqSn \mw
]p\krntXpv. thZ ]Tnphv AXv sNm
Hcp {]tXyI am\knI \ne Xs BhiyamWv.
69 tUhnUv {^men
AXn DuP IWsfpdn p Hcp { ]_s
kao]nm!, ASnm\ DuPX{nse kmam\ym\w Hcp
Ahiy LSIambncnpXv t]mse, thZ {IaoIcnncnpXv,
sshZn I kwIsfn bpw AhbpsS A\cêsf
]nbpsams Hcp apIq [mcWbp A\phmNIsc apn
IpsImmWv . B sshZn I ]mes
]p\cmhnjv cnmsX, thZfpsS shdpw hnh\w am{Xw
sNpXv sXmb hymJym\sf Wnp hcpemhpw.
Rm B ]mes ]p\cmhnjv cnm {ianp.
aphv shdpw A]cnjv IrX NSpIsfv tXmmhp
sshZnI ]mTv AXnKl\amb AY Xefpsv Rm
IsnbXmbncpp AXns êw. {]XoImIXbneqnb
ImhycN\bnep Fs ]mew \nanw thZ F{Xbpw
al\obambn F\n\p`hsp. kqcy, ]I, Djv , AKv \n,
kap{ Zw As\ Fmw \psS BcoI { ]{ In bIfpsS
_nw_I\Ifmbncpp. AXp Xsbmbncpp Imf, ]ip, IpXnc,
KcpU XpSnb {]XoIfpsS IYbpw. thZmnsdtbm,
_paX bpnIfptStbm Xen \nv Rm thZsf
honn. Acsamcp hoWn thZfn {]mIrXXzamhpw
Zinm IgnbpI.
Rm Ahsb IXv Cu { ]]n s { ]h\
\nKqUXIfntep XmtmepI BbnmWv . thZ`mjbnse
alcfmb AYsf A\mhcWw sNpXn\mbp Hcp
kwhn[m\ns krnv Rm XpSw Ipdnp. Rm CXn\mbn
Hcp ]T\X{w hnIknnp. thZfpsS icnbmb Aw tXSn
]pdIntep bm{X D]\njpfn \nmWv XpStsXv
Rm Xocpam\np. ImcWw thZfpambn XmcXaysSpptm
D]\njpfpsS AY Ctmgpw kpXmcyamWv. AXmbXv
D]\njpsf thZfntep kab hmXmb\fmbn
D]tbmKsSppI.
`qcn]w BfpIfpw sslh ]mccyns XpSn\v
ASn m\ambn ImWpXv D]\n jpsfbmWv . Gsd
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 70
{]Ions thZmns XpSw D]\njpfn I
Ah, AXns\ lnp ]mccyns BsIpIbmbn Ip.
Fm Achns\ ]npSp sImv D]\njp Hcp
ayhn kmln XyamsWv Rm\pw Xn cn dn p.
]nmepmbXns\ms ASnm\ambn hnt Xs,
AXn \papv sNshbpsS BsIpIsb Ah
{]Xn\n[oIcnpIbpw sNpp.
D]\n jp apn tev almb ln p _p
kmwkvImcnI temItp hmXnepI Xpdtm, {]mNo\hpw
\n KqUhpamb thZImeLn tep ]n hmXn Ah
ASpIbpw sNbv Xp. Rm BZyIme D]\njpsf hfsc
Xo{hambnXs ]Tnm XpSn. AXv ]noSv CUybn
{]knoIcns "BZyIme D]\njpfnse DXv]aXnXzw"
F Fs BZys ]pkvXIambn Xop. thZfn \npw
DcnstXm, A\phmNIw sNstXm Bb D]\njXv
`mKsf Rm ]ckv]cw tImnWnsbSpp.
]e ]cn`mjIcpw, hymJymXmfpw Hcp]t AdnbmsXt]mb
Hcp Imcyw, AXmbXv ]e D]\njZv tmIfpw t\cnv thZfn
\np hnphbmsWp Imcyw, Rm a\nemn. Hcp
tmIw D]\njn {]XysSptm AXn\v BymnIamb
Aw InpIbpw!, AtX tmIw thZnemsWn AXns\
{]mIrXw Asn BNmcPSneX FcoXnbn Nn{XoIcnpIbpw
sNbv Xn cpp! D]\n jpfn ep thZtmIfpsS Cu
D]tbmKs, thZ{]mY\Iv Hcp Hu]\njZnIamb Aw
\IpXn\mbn Rm D]tbmKnp.
C{]Imcw D]\njp B kmmXvImcspdnv
]dbm thZtmIsf B{ibnsn, thZnse Fm
tmIpw AmXncn IcppmhWw Fs\nv tXmn.
s]mXpth BNmc]cw Fv IcpXn Dt]nsncp BZyIme
D]\njpfnse AtX `mKsf FSpv, `mjbpsS {]XoImI
\nbafpsS shfnn Ahv BymnI ZrnbneqsSbp
Hcp ]p\hymJym\w Rm \ev In. kmathZn \np h
71 tUhnUv {^men
OmtmKtym]\njv Fs {]tXyIambn kzm[o\np.
B {Kw Xs ]mSpItbm, at{mmcWw sNpItbm
sNpXmbn F\np tXmn. Rm B {Kns t\v
shdpsX t\mptm Xs, ]cammhns t\v {]mNo\
sshZnI hnZymYnI Dbnb AhcpsS {]mY\m i
tIm XpSn. {]mNo\ EjnamtcmSpw, IpSpw_tfmSpw,
A\pjvTm\tfmSpw Hsbp _tmsSmw, Hcp sshZnI
inbpw AXn \nv ISp hcpXmbn F\n\p`hsp.
AZssz X thZmn \n v D]\n jpfn eqsS EtKz Z
a{fntev ]nncnp t]mbn, BkmmXvImcns ]mX
F{ ]ImcamWv Ahbn semw Dtsn cn psXv
Ism Rm ]Tnp.
{ io Achn s\ t]mse thZa{ sf ipamb
AymnIm\p`hfmbn Dsmm F\np Ignp.
Ahbnse {]XoIfpsS BcmY hnkvarXnbnembtXmSp
IqSn, Ah shdpw BNmc]cfmbn NpcpsSpIbmbncpp.
thZa{ temIn se Fm { ]mNo\ Bymn I
temItfbpw Xpdp ImWnphbmbn F\n\p`hsp.
CuPn]vXntebpw amb kwkvImcntebpw {]XoIsf IqSpX
\mbn a\nempXn\p HcpmgvN Ahsb\nv \evIn.
thZ`mj Poh hphv AXns khntijamb Aw
F\np Imn Xp. GXmv Fm thZ a{fnepw Rm Hcp
thZmnI Asn BymnI Zi\w Isn. Fm
`qcn ]w thZmn Ifpw CXv ImWpn . alm
thZm`mjyImc\mbncp icmNmcy, thZa{v thZm
Xen ep `mjyw FgpXpIbpmbn . Atlw { ][m\
D]\n jppw, BZyIme D]\n jpfn se Ipdp
`mKpamWv A{]Imcw `mjyw NaXv . Atlw thZsf
IImw, m\Imw Fn s\ hn `Pn p.
thZa{tfbpw {_mWsfbpw, BZytXn DsSpn.
D]\n jpsf am{ XamWv Atlw m\Imn
DsSpnbXv.
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 72
CXv Fs kw_nnStmfw D]\njpsfmgnsIbp
thZ`mKsf apgph\pw, BNmc]cXbpambn IqnspXn\v
Xpeyambncpp. ên CXv thZns knwl`mKns
insbbpw, henb ]mccysbpw \ntj[npXmbncpp.
sshZnI Ejnamv, D]\njZv Ejnampmbncp m\tam
kmmXvImctam Cmbncpp F Hcp [mcWbmWv thZmnIfpsS
Cu AhKW\ Dmn FSpXv . Fm CXw
hnNn{Xambncpp. ImcWw D]\njZv Ejnam XfpsS m\n\v
]n_eambn sshZnI EjnIsfbmWv DcnXv. Rm Cmcyw
thZmnIfn \nv Aw hyXykv Xambn t\mn Ip.
EtKzZn B kmmXvImcn\v astm hgnbpmbncpp
Fv {io Achns\tmse F\npw A\p`hsp. m\Imw,
IImw Fo \neIfnep icmNmcycpsS thZ hn`P\w
kuIcyn\v thn am{Xap Hmbncpp. AsXmcp Ahkm\
hmmbncpn.
thZmns bpnsb a\nemm {]m]v Xcpw AtX
kabw thZ a{ fn se Bgtadn b AYsf ImWm
Aicpamb Hcp kZnt\mSmbncpp Atlw kwhZnncpXv.
thZ m\hpw, A\pjv Tm\fpw Dsmpp.
thZa{ cp Xenepw hymJym\nsSmhphbmWv
FXmWv IpsdqSn IrXyXbp hoWw. {_mW
IqSpXepw A\pjv Tm\ {][m\fpw, D]\njp m\
{][m\fpw Bbncnt, thZfnse kwlnXI AYhm
a{`mK Cu cp coXnbnepw kao]nsSmhphbmWv.
{io Fw ]n ]nv
thZsf Ipdnp Cu ]T\w ]qnbmnb tijw
AXphv Fp sNWsaXn s\ ]n Hcp
cq]hpanmXncnptmgmWv , `mKyhim Hcp kplrv aptJ\ Rm
Achnm{ianse sk{Idn Bbncp {io Fw ]n ]npambn
kn hcpXv . thZtfbpw, X{ sbpw, { io
Achns\bpw, Asbbpw Ipdnsmsbp ]nns \nch[n
]pkv XIsf Rm hneaXnncpp. Hcp ]t `mcXob BymnI
73 tUhnUv {^men
]mccyns Fm hitfbpw Ipdnv, Hcp AmZanI Xen
\nmsX icnbmb Dmgv NbptSbpw, A\p`hnsdbpw
Xen Ghpw Bgn a\nemnbnp ]nX\mbncpp
{io Fw ]n ]nv.
Bsn epw Fs Cu ]T\s hn ebn cpm
Ign bpsan , AXv ]n n \v am{ Xambn cpp. 1 979se
th\memWv Rm BZyambn Atls kinpXv.
thZtfbpw D]\njptfbpw Ipdnp Fs D]\ymk
Rm sImphncpp. Fs kao]\w Rm Atln\v
hnhcnp sImSpp. AXnt\mSp Atlns {]XnIcWw Fs
Fm {]XoIpapdambncpp. ]nv hfsc im\pw
{ imephpamb hyn bmbn cpp. Xpfp Ibdp Hcp
hoWn\pSabpambncpp Atlw.
Atlw Xs A`n{]mb {]ISnnpXn\p apv ,
Ahbmw {im]qhw tIp. Fs hoWsf GsXnepw
coXnbn kzm[o\nm {iann AXn\p ]Icw Rm ]dbm
{ianXns\ Xpd a\tmsS Dsmp. Rms\mcp AmZanI
]nX\spw, Ccsamcp ]T\w \SpXv , BcnI
{]tNmZ\n \npw, DmgvNbn \npamsWv Rm\tls
[cnnp.
Rms\mcp AmZanI ]nX\sXv \XmsWmWv
Atlw ]dXv . ImcWw AhcpsS ]gb sXpI hopw
BhnmsX, F\nv ]pXnsbmcp hoWntev ISp
sNm Ign bpw. ]n v Fs { ]h\ aptmv
sImpt]mIm inbmbn t{]cnnptXmsSmw Xs Fm
]npWbpw hmKvZm\w sNpIbpw sNbvXp. Fs {]h\
Hcp Znhy sZuXyamsWpw, Rm\Xns\ ]npScWsapw Atlw
]dp. F\nv AXnibhpw, A`nam\hpw km\np sImv Fs
Cu D]\ymksf CUybn {]knoIcnmsapw XpStlw
hmKvZm\w sNbvXp.
CXv Fs {]hrnbnep Dmls henb tXmXn
hfn. AXphsc AsXmcp ]t aphv A{]kamb
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 74
hyn]camb Hcp Iambncpp. GXm\pw amkIw
CUybn aSn sbp Atln s t]p Fs
D]\ymkfn NneXv AbpsImSpm\pw FtmStlw
Bhiysp.
ASp GXm\pw amk sImv Rm EtKz Z
kw_nbmb Hcp ]pkvXIw FgpXn Atln\bp sImSpp.
"EtKzZnse B kmmXvImchpw AXoX a\pw" F B
]pkv XIn s Isgpp { ]Xn v Aqdn cw
t]PpIfpmbncpp. AXn ]e hyXy kqfpsS,
{ ]tXyIn pw C{ \mbp kqfpsS hn h\fpw
hyJym\fpw Dmbncpp. B kabv cmI Dgnp hv
Rm\Xn\mbn {]hnncpp.
Atlw B ]pkv XIs cp {]mhiyambn thUv
bqWn b, AsUz dv Fo { ]apJ { io Achn B{ ia
{]knoIcWfn Jix {]knoIcnp. ]noSv CtXt]mse
BymnI shfnn Rm hnh\hpw hymJym\hpw
\nhln ip bPpthZns hnhn[ Aymbfpw C{]Imcw
]nn\v Abp sImSpp. CXtlw {io Achns B
F {]knoIcWn Jix {]knoIcnp. Fs 'BZyIme
D]\njpfnse {InbmI Zi\w' F ]pkvXIhpw ]nv
CUybn {]knoIcnp.
thZkw_nbmb hnjbfnse HscgppImc F
AwKoImcw InpXn ]nns klmbw F\nv hfsc
\n mbIambn cpp. ImcWw AXn mbn cpsn Fs
cN\Isfmcp ]t Fs taipdv HXpn t]mIpambncpp.
]nnt\msSmw {io Achn B{ianse AbpsS A\p{Klw
F {]tXyI km\hpw hp tNp. ]nnt\mSv kn
hXn\p tijw, F\np Nppw AbpsS DuPhpw kmn[yhpw
IqSn Rm\\p`hnp.
Fs AZi\fn Bhn`hnv Fs ]ecoXnbnepw
hgnImWnp sImv A hfsc ASppmbncpp. Cpw
Asbpdnv Nnnptmsgms, F\nhcpsS kmnyw
75 tUhnUv {^men
hfsc ASpmbn A\p`hsSmdpv . CXmIs Rm
hfnsbSp H, X\nsb Dmbn h Hmbncpp.
sP IrjvWaqn bpw ]mccyw F hnjbhpw
GXmv B kabpXs kw`hn {][m\hpw Fm
hn ]coX Zn ibn epXpamb Hcp kz m[o\ambn cpp sP
IrjvWaqnbptSXv. IrjvWaqn Xs hmjnI {]`mjW
\Snbncp Iment^mWnbbnse HPmbn F ]Wn Rm
GXm\pw hjw IgnbpIbpmbn. As\ Atlns
{]`mjWfn Rm Hcp ncw t{imXmhmIm\nSbmbn. ]gb
Xntbmk^nmcmbncp Irjv Waqn kwLnse \nch[n
apXn AwKfpambn kplrZv _w m]n m\pw
Rm\hnSps Hcp ]cnNnX apJamIm\pw CXv ImcWambn.
Fs hnhm`napJhpw A[oiXz hncphpamb am\knI
\nev IrjvW aqnbpsS NnI BIjIambncpp. Hcp
Xcnep Bob AcmPIXz hmZnbmbncpp IrjvWaqn.
[ym\n \pw Bymn I Pohn Xn \pw
A\pIqeambn cppshn epw, Atlw Kpcpmpw
hyhm]nXamb ]cnioe\pw FXncmbncpp. thZtfmSpw
thZmtmSpap Fs _ hpsImv ]mtSbp Cu
]mccy\n cmkw, a{ n s hn ai\w CsXmpw
F\npsmm\mhpambncpn.
Hcp Xcn Irjv Waqn kz w kwkv Imcs
hnainp, kzbw hnp\np Hcp CUy _pnPohnbpsS
X\nImbncpp. Fm adphiv icnpw ]mccytmSv
CWn \np Hcp [ym\mI a\ns DSabpambncpp.
CsXmcp hnNn{Xamb sshcpyw, ]t ]mccytmSv tNv
t]mIm hnkXnphsc BIjnp Hmbncpp AXv.
a\nsdbpw, hnImcfptSbpw, hoWfptSbpw
{]h\sfnbp Atlns hfsc {][m\s ]e
{]t_m[\fpw Fs [ym\v Bgw Iqn. kwkvImcnIambn
]cnanXsSmXpw, ]npScpXn\v GsXnepw Xcnep
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 76
NqSpIfpsS Bhiyan mXpamb Hcp kmh euIn I
{]t_m[\w DmWsav Irjv Waqn B{Klnncpp. Fm
CsXmcp almb BibamsWnepw, PohnXns sshhnys
XncndnbpXn AXv ]cmPbsp.
Hcp ]mccytmSpw tNp \nm hnkXnp sImv
Atlw cq]sSpnb Atlns Zi\, Hcp]t
Ghpw ]cnanXamb LSIntev ]cnanXsp. AsXmcp
hyIv!Xy[njvTnX {]t_m[\w AYhm k{Zmbw IrjvWaqn
{]t_m[\w Bbn amdn. Fm ]mccyhpw Nob. As\sbn
\mw \psS ssIppsf, h\fn Dt]nWambncpp.
Ahsc bmsXmcp tat\mtam, k{ Zmbtfm, _mly
CSs]SepItfm Hpw kv ]inmsX kzbw hfcpp hcm
hnSWambncpp. \msamw PohnXn Hmtcmtcm k{Zmbsf
]n pScpp. \mw Hcp kaqln tdbpw, Hn p
]cnWmantdbpw `mKamWv.
hynIsf \nebn \mw \psS `mj Ip]nSnpn,
\psS BymnI ]mTsfnbmhs ]dbm\pan. \psS s]mXp
kwkvImcw \apv \Inbhbn \npw \Xv \mw kzoIcnpIbpw,
\tmsSmw aptmpsImp t]mIpIbpw thWw. tNmZyw
sNsSpXns\ A\phZnmXncnpIbpw XfpsS aSapn
am{Xw kXyw F \nebn Dbn ]nSnpIbpw sNp Hcp
A[oiXzk{Zmbw Xobmbpw B]cw XsbmWv.
Fm Aymn IXbpw, { In bmIXbpw
t{]mmlnnp Hcp kmwkvImcnI ]mccyw \psS hfv
hfsc klmbIcamWv. DZmlcWn\v, Hcp kwKoX k{Zmbw,
kwKoX hmk\bphcpsS hfmhiyamb kmlNcy
Hcppp. AXpt]mse Bymn I k{Zmb, B
kmmXv Imcn \p hn t]WdIsftmse \s
klmbnpp. {]iv\w DZnpXv AhbpsS koIcWsf
shdpw bm{nIambn D]tbmKnm {ianptmgmWv . Fm
sZu`mKyhim AXmWv Hpantmgpw kw`hnpXv.
77 tUhnUv {^men
imkv {Xn\pXpt]mse icnbmb m\n\pw Hcp
]mccyhpw B[nImcnIXbpw Hs Dmhpw. FeXv shdpw
hnizmkn \npX, t\cnp A\p`hn \npXmWv.
bYm thZ]mccyn s ASn m\w CXmWv .
IrjvWaqnbn \npw Rm ]Tn {][m\s Hcp ]mTw, kzbw
Kpcpshv hnfnp Hcmfns\bpw IpaSv ]npSccpXv FXmWv.
Hcp {]tXyI ]mccytbpw {]Xn\n[oIcnmhtcm, Hcp
]mccy k{Zmbntdbpw AwKoIcanmhtcm Bb Hcp
Kpcphns\ ]npScpXv {]tXyInpw A]ISIcamsWv Rm
]noSv a\nemn. thZZi\ hnNmctbpw, NItfbpw
A\phZn pp. thZ]mccys Xn dbp Hcp
Irjv Waqnsb t]mepw Atlns [ym\spdnp
AZi\ ImcWw AXn\v AwKoIcnm Ignbpw.
sshZnI kmlnXyfn
BbpthZhpw, tPymXnimkv{Xhpw
B[p\nIcpw ]mmXycpamb kZkytcmSv thZhnm\w
]phbvpXn\p Fs {][m\ D]m[nbmbn BbpthZw amdn.
CXpw Hcp {]tXyI kmlNcyn A{]Imcw kw`hnXmWv. 1983
XpSn Rm \yq saIv kntmbnse kmm t^bntev
amdpIbpmbn. AhnsS Rm {]IrXym D Huj[tfbpw acpp
sNSnItfbpw Ipdnp ]T\fn apgpIn. Hcp [m[njv TnX
PohnXcoXnsb Ipdnp Fs At\zjWns `mKambn Rm\nXv
IpdpImeambn sNppmbncpp.
]mctcyXc NnInI Hcp henb aptns\mcpp
kabambncpp AXv . Fm kmm t^bn Hcp CUy
BbpthZ tUm BbpthZ NnIn ]Tnnppsd Imcyw
F\n dn bn mbn cpp. Rm bmZrn Iambn Atls
]cnNbsSm CSbmbn. Atlns kv Iq kwkv IrXw
]Tnnm Ignbp Hcmsf Xncppmbncpp. Rm\m
DchmZnXzw GsSpp. ]Icambn BbpthZn Bgtadnb
Fs ]T\w Bcw`npIbpw sNbv Xp. CXv BbpthZns
A[ym]\ntepw, AXns\pdnp cN\Ifntepw Fs
\bnp. ]mTy`mKfpw mpIfpw Bkq{XWw sNm\pw Rm
klmbnp.
kamcambn Rm thZ tPymXn imkv { Xw
]Tnppmbncpp. Rm\mZyw thZ tPymXnimkv {Xw ]TnXv
HssPbn hmbncpp. AhnSps Xntbmk^n skddn
Cu hnjbn [mcmfw t{kmXpIfpmbncpp.
thZtPymXnimkv {Xnse Ipsd \ ]pkv XIfpw Rm
Isn. Atmtgpw ]mmXyTPymXnjw \nch[n hjfmbn
Rm ssIImcyw sNppmbn cpp. Atmsgmw thZ
tPymXnjs Hcp klmb lkvXambn D]tbmKnncpp. Fm
]noSv ]qWambpw thZ TPymXnjntev amdpIbpmbn.
F]XpIfpsS ]IpXn bn BbpthZn ep Fs
{]h\tfmsSmw thZ tPymXnjnepw Rm {inp.
BbpthZ hn ZymYn Ifn XpSan psImv , Rm thZ
tPymXnjnepw mpIfpw tImgvkpIfpw Bcw`np.
Ccw sshhn[yam {]h\fn Rm {]tXyIambn
Hcp m\pw ]npScppmbncpn. ]etmgpw NnXdnbXpw, ]ckv ]c
_anmXpamb Fs Xmcy ]npScpI am{Xta Rm
sNppmbncppp. Hne[nIw XhW Rm Fs {]h\
aesf IpdpsImp hv , Fs DuPw apgph\pw
tI{oIcnm {ianncpp Fnepw kmlNcy Fs hnhn[
taJeIfn hym]rX\mn Xs \ne\ndpn. thZZi\v
CXpt]msebp sshhn[y hnjbsf ka\zbnnm\p
Ignhpv Fpw AXmWv Fs Cu {]h\fpsS ]nnsepw
]noSv Rm Isn.
BbpthZn eqsSbpw thZ tPymXn jn eqsSbpw
Fmhpw {]tbmP\Icamb Hcp D]tbmKw thZhnm\n\v
Rm Isn. Fs sXmgnepw Fs thZ]T\hpw Xnep
AIew Ipdp hp. Fs D]Poh\hpambn thZ]T\w ]ckv]cw
_sp hp. Rm Ipsd hj BbpthZnepw
TPymXn jn epw apgpIn , B kabv Fs thZ]T\w
XmXvImenIambn ]nWnbnemhpIbpw sNbvXp.
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 78
CUybpw
lnp Bob ]mccyfpw
At\Iw hj Rm lnp[ ]mT ]TnpIbpw
\nch[n B{iafpambpw BNmcyamcpambpw FgppIppI
\SpIbpw sNbvXnpv. CUybnse {]knoIcWfn 1978
apX D]\ymk FgpXpIbpw!, 1982 apX ]pkvXI FgpXn
XpSpIbpw sNbv Xp. Fm Rm CUybn
t]mbnpmbncpn. cp {]mhiyw AXn\p Ahkcw hfsc
ASpp hpshnepw! Atacnbnep Fs Hcp lnp
Aym]I Hcn Cs\ ]dp. "tUhnUv CUybn
t]mbn. ]Icw CUy tUhnUns ASptv hp"
ssN\okv NnInm ]T\fpsS `mKambn 1987 Rm
ssN\bntepw Xn_ntepw bm{X sNbv Xncpp. Ipdp
amkv tijw Rm Gjybntep Fs cmas bm{X
\Sn . As\ HSphn CUybn Fn . Fs
CUyki\w, AXv Ipdp Xmaknp hXmsWnepw, Fs
PohnXns ASp Lns XpSw Ipdn kp{][m\hpw,
]cn h\mIhpamb A\p`hambn cpp. BZys B
ki\n\p tijw, Rm hjn Hcn F \nebn
CUybntev t]mIpXv XpSp.
BZy CUy ki\w Fs BbpthZ ]T\hpambn
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 80
_sp Hmbncpp. AXn t_mws_bnepw \mKqcnepap
BbpthZ kvIqfpIfpw I\nIfpw kinepw, cmPyns
av ]e`mKfntepap hnt\mZ bm{XIfpw Dmbncpp. AXn
BymnI {][m\amb cp ki\fpw Dsncpp. BZyw
t]mntcnbnse {io Achn B{iahpw, ]ns AXn\Sp
Xncphmaebnse caWm{iahpw Bbncpp Ah. Cu Hcp coXn
]noSv Rm sNbvX bm{XIfnepw BhnpIbpmbn.
{io Achn\pw t]mntcnbpw
t]mntcnbntepw, {io Achn B{iantepap
Fs ki\w Fs {io Achn\pw Abpambn hopw
_nnp. Xobmbpw B ]Wn A\p`hndnbm
Xhn[n AbpsS iamb kmnyapv. AsXntev
Xn cameI t]mse ISphv Fs Fs km[mcW
t_m[Xen \npw ]pdtv sImpt]mbncpp. ]etmgpw
aWnqdpItfmfw! F\nv A\m t]mepw XmXv]cyw tXmm
Hchbntev AcmYn Xs AsXs hogvn. {io
Achns kmnyhpw iambns AhnsSbpmbncpp.
{]tXyInpw Atlns kam[nancn!. AhnsSsb\nv
Atlns PohnXhpw {]t_m[\fpw A\p`hnm ]n.
Fm AbpsS in B ]Ww apgph \ndp \nv
Fmhscbpw kv]inncpp.
t]mntcn F\nv {io Fw ]n ]nns\bpw kinm
Ahkcw Xp. Ipdp hjv apv Atacnbntep
Xs bm{ XI \n dpn bXn \ptijw Atls Rm
In pmbn cpn . Fm Rm Atlhpambp
FgppIppI XpScppmbncpp. AtlamIs Amev
]pdndnb Fs ]e ]pkv XIfpw ]cntim[npIbpw
sNbvXncpp.
Hcp Znhkw Rm ]nns {]Xnhmcap [ym\n
]psImpIbmbncpp. s]sv Fs izmkw ZoLambnop,
Hw Fs t_m[aew Db Xefntev Xpdsp.
B{ianse AbpsS Hcp Zi\w Fs apn A\mhcWw
81 tUhnUv {^men
sNsp. XmcmtZhn bpsS cq]n , [hf \n damv
AXnkpcnbpw, {]Iminphfpw, ImcpWyns aqnbpambn
A ImWsp. Xn _ k\ymkn am a\pjycmin sb
Am\n \npw ambbn \npw cnpXn\mbn
At]n psImv AbpsS Ir]pthn { ]mY\I
DcphnSpXpw apw B Zi\nepmbncpp. Ah ZpcnXfn
apnmW a\pjysc Ipdnv [ym\npIbpw, Ahsc DbpXn\v
AbpsS insb D]tbmKnpIbpw sNppmbncpp.
am\hcminbpsS Ncn{Xw Fs at\mapIpcn\v apn Npcp
\nhsp. a\phns AYhm a\ns IpnIfmb \mw,
F{ ]ImcamWv \apv P\m In n b Am\w \n an w
ZsszXNnIfn IpSpnnSv ZpJa\p`hnpXv Fv Rm
Ip. a\ns AImnep Cu Am\w \psSsbms
Bcn I kwkv Imcn s ASn m\ambn \n psImv
sshcpypw AXpaqeapmhp XIIpw
ImcWambn ocpp. Cu ]cn an Xt_m[n \p ]pdtv
ISpXphsc \mw ]gb sXpI Xs Bhnm\pw,
A\nnXXzn Xs Pohnm\pw \n_nXcmWv.
Fm Cu ZpcnXsmw Apdw, BknbptSbpw,
`bnsdbpw, shdpnsdbpw ]nSnbn s]pInSp a\pjy
hKns\mcp amXrIsb hw DbXenep Hcp ]pXnb
krnbpsS Zi\w A F\nv Imnp. {]IrXntbmSv CWn
Pohnp, GXmv kzKkam\amb Hcp kmlNcyw. Fm AXv
Ctmgs temI PohnXambn, adnv hfsc {]bXv\hpw kabhpw
D]tbmKsSpn kmmXvcnt Hcp `mhn hmKvZm\ambnmWv
AXv ImWsXv . Hcp ]pXnb krnmbp ]pjv ]fpw
hnpIfpw temIsapw hnXdnsmv AXns BhiyIXsb]n
A hopw hopw HmnnpsImncpp.
[ym\w Ahkm\ntXmSpIqSn Rm ]Xnsb Fs km[mcW
t_m[Xentev aSn hp. Rm ancn\v ]pdtv
\Sth, Hcp shfp ]pjv]w Abvv Ghpw Cap apqhv
Fs ssIn XpsImp ]nv Cs\ ]dp "Hcp ]pXnb
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 82
krnp thn". thZfpambn _sv Rm sNbv Xnp
{]h\, ]gb Imen\p thn am{XapX adnv `mhnv
thn IqSnbpXmWv. m\{]Imins ZnhtymZbtfmSv
kacks Hcp ]pXnb a\pjycminbpsS krnp thnbmWv
a\pjys DZv`hntev aSnspXv.
caWm{iaw: `Khm kvIs Zi\w
caW aljnbmWv Hcp]t B[p\nI CUybnse, Ghpw
{]ikvX\mb kXy Zinbmb almmhv. Atlw _\fnm
BkmmXv Imcn sd, BkbpsS icn bmb
aqnbmbncpp. temIv AdnbsSm kzbw Atlw Hpw
sNbv Xn . \ma, cq], kwkv Imc Xesf AXn ewLn p
aptdWsav B{Klnp hnNmcioecmb B[p\nI a\pIv
Atlw Hcp BIjW tI{amWv. Atlns B{ianepw,
]Whpw IppapsSp B Bob ]cnkcfnepw Rm
A\p`hn Imcy Xn Ipw hyXykv Xhpw
A{]XonXhpambncpp.
Rm caWm{ian hXv caW aljn bpambpw
Atln s Bmt\z jWw F amKhpambpw
ksSm\mWv . AZssz Xamb, ipt_m[mhsb
A\p`hnpXn\p Hcp amKambncpp Bmt\zjWw. Rm
IsnbtXm, Alw _pnbpsS ipoIcWhpw, acWhpw,
Bobamb ]p\P\\hpw BhiysSph\mb, AKv \n
kzcq]\mb `Khm kvIs\bpw. Rm Cu ssZh ks
IXv, `nkw_tam, kmwkvImcnItam Bb Hcp _nw_ambn,
adnv A]mcamb ImcW inbmbnmWv. inh]p{X\mb `Khm
kv I\n eqsSbmWv caW aljn Fn tev hXv .
m\mKv\nbpsS aqnaZv`mhamb `Khm kvIs\bpw, caW
aljnsbbpw HmbnmWv KW]Xn ap\n IncpXpw. Rm\pw
A{]Imcw Xs caW aljnsb, `Khm kv I\mbnmWv
a\nemnbXv.
Xncphmaebn htXmsS AXn Kwòcamsbmcp Bob
tXPns kmnyw F\n\p`hsp. AXn\mIs Ghpw
83 tUhnUv {^men
{]Xyamb \nanjfn, Hcp IpnbpsS apJhpapmbncpp.
In thepw ]nSnv AKv\nbn \npw Dbp hcp Hcp IpnbpsS
Nn{Xw Fs a\n annadp sImncpp. CXv Xo{hamb
Bmt\zjW ]cnioe\n\v ImcWambn. Fs icocntdX,
Alw_pnbpsSXmbncpsnepw AcmYn AsXmcp
acWw t]mse Xsbmbncpp.
B AKv\nbneqsS ISp t]mIembncpp Hcp ]t Fs
PohnXnse Ghpw XovWamb Bob A\p`hw. AXns
Xov WX aqew ]etmgpw CXv CXn t\m IqSpX
iamIcptX Fp Rm {]mYnp t]mbnpv . Fmepw
AXn\ptijw Fs Imgv NmSpI Akm[mcWamw hn[w
ipambXmbpw Rm hnaeoIcnsXmbpw F\nv A\p`hsp.
B kabw hsc BymnI km[\bn aqnIfpsS
{]m[m\yspdnv F\nv henb [mcWbpmbncpn.
Zn tWybn ]cs Bcm[n sSp, Fmbn Spw
Nn{Xfn ImWsSp Hcp aqnbmsWnepw `Khm kvIs\
Ipdnv F\nv bmsXmcp Adnhpapmbncpn. kv I\pw
caW\pambp _ns Bgspdnpw Rms\mpw
{Klnnpmbncpn. AXpsImv Fs AnXzns
ImXtemfw XpfpIbdnb hyhpw ZrUhpamb Hc\p`hneqsS
Acw Hcp Cuizc khpambn t\cnp _w hXn
Rm icnpw AcpI Xs sNbv Xp. XXzNnm]cambn
Bcw`np Bmt\zjWw F {]{Inbsb, Fs hynXzs
AmsS hngpnb Hcp aqnbn CWnsbSpmw F Imcyw
Rms\mcnepw Hcp {]t_m[\fn \npw Adnncpn.
Imew sImv Rm kv Is\ Ipdnpw, caWs\ Ipdnpw
[mcmfw ]Tnp. t\cnp BZi\inbpsS AhXmcamWv
kvI. AKv\n t]msebp Bmt\zjWn \npw P\n
ssNX\yamWv kvI. Alw`mhns acWn, [ym\amIp
NnXbn \npw P\n Acymanbmb IpnbmWv kvI. Cu Ipn
ZqjnX kwkv Imcfn \npw apamb \njv If a\ns\
{]Xn\n[m\w sNpp. Ah\p am{Xta Xs hnthIamIp
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 84
thep]tbmKnv \nse {]Xntema hmk\IfmIp Akpcmsc
\n{Klnm\mhq. Xncphmaebntep Fs hchv kvI\pw
caW\pamb B BcnI tXPns\ A\p`hnm\mbncpp.
SuWnep AcpWmNteizcs almt{Xn kvIs\
F\nv Xo{hambn A\p`hsp. XpSn t{Xns
A\p`hw, B{ ian s A\p`hsm F\n v
{][m\ambncpp. caW aljn sNdpn X]\pjv Tnv
hknncp AcpWmNteizc t{Xw Csmgpw Atlns
kv]\ hlnpp. B t{Xns Ipnbmbncpp Atlw.
At\Iw almmsfbpw tbmKnIsfbpw t]mjnnncp B
t{Xn\v AXnsdXmb Hcp Znhy kmn[yapv.
t{Xnse tZhn, kv Isdbpw, caWsdbpw Fm
kXymt\zjnIfpsSbpw Abmbn hncmPnpp. AXpt]mse inh
caWs A\mWv. B t{Xnse ]qPmaqnI kvIs
amXm]nXmfmbn Poh hv hp. B kvI caW am{Xa
Fs AcwKn se A\iz c\mb Ipn IqSn bmbn cpp.
tZhot{Xn hmWv F\n v Ghpa[n Iw in bpw
BcnIhnImkhpw A\p`hsXv. tZhnbpsS PohnX cwK
tZhn DabpsS P\\hpw, lnamebnse X]pw, inh\pambp
hnhmlhpw, `Khm kvIs P\\hpw Hs BkmmXvImc
{]{Inbbnse {]XoIfmbn Fs [ym\aen sXfnp
hp. ]pcmW IYI bmYmYyfmbtm, \psS
a\pjyPohnX shdpw \ngepIfpambn amdn. Cu aqnIfpsS
bmYmYy (tZhtemI)!, [ym\ns ]e AhIfpw
m\ns ]e Xefpambn amdn.
HcpZnhkw t{Xnembncnptm, Fs honse
Amcbn hbv m\mbn Hcp hn { Klw hmn
sImpt]mIWsav F\np tXmn. Hcp sNdnb kvI hn{Klw
Rm Isn. AXphmn Fs _mKn\pn \nt]np. CXv
IpsImp \npIbmbncp t{Xnse Hcp {_mW
]ptcmln X FtmSXv tNmZn p. Rm\Xv Atln \v
ssIamdpIbpw sNbv Xp. Fs In ]n Sn n v { ][m\
85 tUhnUv {^men
{ ]Xn jv TIsms ]qPI sNbv XpsImv Atlw
t{Xn\pneqsS Fs \bnp. BZyw tZho t{Xnepw,
]ns inhenwKnepw HSphn kvI\pamWv Atlw ]qPI
sNbvXXv. Rm sImSp hn{Klw Cu aqnIsmw hbvv
ssNX\ysSpnsmmbncpp Atlw ]qPI sNbvXXv. Cu
NSpIfn Rm kzbw kvI\mbn ]p\P\nXp t]msebp
Hc\p`hambncpp AXv.
tZhn
Ipnmew apXp Fs IhnXIfn Hcp tZhocq]w
hfsc iambn {]Xysncpp. Fm CUybn hmWv
B tZhn Fs A\p`hn hXv, BZyw Xncphmaebn hpw,
]ns ctaizcv hpw. ]noSv cmPyns ]e `mKv hpw B
A\p`hapmbn. Rm tZhnbpsS Hcp IpnbmsWv Fmbvtmgpw
F\nv tXmnbncpp.
Hcn B{ian [ym\nencnptm, ZpKbpsS Hcp
cq]amb alnjmkpcan\nbmbn tZhn hnhn[ B`cWfpw
Bbp[fpsams [cn cq]n F\nv {]Xybmbn. A
Ahsbms Fs a\ntev hp Xp. F\nmZyw Acv
tXmn . AhsImv Rms\mWv sNtsXv F\n v
a\nembn. Ahsbmw tZhn Xs `v I\np \Ip
]e hnZyIfpw, {]t_m[\fpw, A\pjvTm\fpw HsbmsWv
]noSv F\nv a\nembn. Rm XncnsI Atacnbntep
hnam\nencnptm, Ahsbmw Fs a\n A\p`hsXv
Rm Hmpp. Fm tZho tZhmcpw FtmsSmw
Atacnbntev hcpXpt]msebmbncpp AXv.
Hcp hynv Xs BymnI {]h\n hnPbw
hcnm [mcmfw D]IcWfpsS Bhiyapv. apn hcp
\nch[n XSsf AXnPohnpXn\v hyXy coXnI
D]tbmKntn hcpw. Cu Znhymbp[ B XSsf t`Znv
aptmp \opXn\v \s klmbnpw. Cu Znhym`cW B
ZpcnX]qWamb AhIfn \s B\nnpw. Imew sImv
B D]IcW, \nWmbIasnepw, {]tbmP\{]ZamsWv
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 86
Rm\dnp. {]XnknIfn IsSpXn\p ]Icw, Ahsb
t\cnSpXn\v Rm tZhnbpsS Bbp[sf B{ibnpambncpp.
knwlmcqUbmb ZpK XsbmWv `mcXamXmhv FXpw
]noSv Rm Xncndnp. tZhnbpsS A\p{Klw ]nmev Cu
cmPyv Rm sNm\ncnp kmlnXy {]h\n\v Innb
Hcp BiohmZw IqSn Bbncpp. Fm hcm t]mIp
Cmcysn Atm F\nv bmsXmcp Dulhpapmbncpn.
F\n v In n b Bbp[fpw B`cWfpw B { ]hrn
sNpXn\mbp D]IcWfmbncpp.
Rm ZnhyP\\nbpsS ssk\nIcn Hcmfmbn XoXp
t]msebmbncpp AXv. CsX\nv BZyw A\p`hsXv cp{Zinhs
]p{ Xmcpw C{ s A\pNccpamb thZacpp F
\nembncpp. ]noSv Ahv hm\ctk\m {]apJ\pw hmbp
]p{X\pamb l\pam\pambp _w Rm a\nemn. As\
XpSn AdnbmsXbmbncpsWnepw, Rm\pw ZpKm tZhnbpsS
ssk\ynse HcwKambn tNp.
Ipn\p apIfn I km[p
B{iantep Fs \nch[n bm{XIfnsemn, Hcp
Znhkw AcpWmNense Znhyamb B Ipn IbdWsav Rm
Xocpam\np. cp aWnq Ibapmbncpp apIfntev .
AmIs, BImiw taLw aqSnbncpXn\m Ftbpw t]mse
Akl\obamb NqSnmbncpp. Ipn\v apIfnsenb tijw
Ipdp \nanjt\cw Rm [ym\nm\ncpp. `Khm kv Is
]pWyXnYnbmb ImnI amknse ]uWanv sImfpp
Zo]ns Ahinfmbn CnIIfpw, a]m{X iIefpw apw
Anv NnXdnnSncpp.
Rm\hn sS As\bn cn ptm, s]sv Imhn
hkv{X[mcnbmb Hcp hrcq]w Ipn\v apIfntev Ibdn hcpXv
Rm Ip. ImepI hfsc \on hp sImmbn cpp
Atlns Ibw. Atlw HpcnSfn \Sw \ndpn,
ASpp sNSnIfn \nv ImbvI s]mnpXpw Ip. GXmv
87 tUhnUv {^men
A]XSn AIsesbnbXpw, Hcp kns icoc Ne\tmsS
Atlw Fs t\sc t\mn. B \nanjw Fs ]nn apgph
Acohpw Xpdp. Fm ZniIfntepw hym]n A\amb
iq\yX Rm A\p`hnp. AXn Fs apgph PohnXhpw
shdpsamcp Ipanf am{Xambn F\np tXmn. Imen\pdap
Hcp sRmSnbmbncpp AXv. Atlw Xs \o ImhbvpItfmsS
\Sw XpSv Ipns adphitv t]mbn adbpIbpw sNbvXp.
B km[p Bcmbn cpp Fp F\n v \n ban .
Atlns cq]w caWs\t]msebmbncpn. Npnncnbp Hcp
hrk\ymknsb t]msebmbncpp Atlw ImWsXv . B
Ipn knam hknpp Fp caW ]dnpv. Fs
A\p`hn F\n pw AXv kmysSpm Ign bpw.
CXpt]mep Zptbcmb BfpIsf CUybn Csmgpw
Ipapm Ignbpw. Cu cmPyw kinpXp sImv t\Smhp
A\p{Klfn HmWXv.
KW]Xn ap\nbpw {io \tSi\pw
Ipsd hjtfmfw Fs a\v DtZzK]qWamb Hcp
[kSnembncpp. Hcp hiv F\nv caW aljntbmSv
iamb Hcp _apmbncpp. adphiv {io Achnt\mSpw
F\nv A{Xbpw Xs iamb _apmbncpp. Fm {io
Achns {]t_m[\ hfsc hyXyambncpp Xm\pw. caW
aljnbmbncpp Fs BZi ]pcpj Fnepw, Fs kzw
{]h\fpw FgppIfpw Achns {]t_m[\fpsS
]menemWv IqSpX AYhmbn ImWsXv.
Cu [kSw hfsc A{]XonXamb Hcp coXnbn X\nsb
]cn lcn sSm XpSn . { io Achn s hoWn
\npsImv thZsfpdnv [mcmfw FgpXnbnp Bfpw, {io
Fw ]n ]nns Kpcphpamb I]men imkv{XnIfpsS IrXnI
Rm ]Tnp. D]\njpsf Ipdnv Rm FgpXnbnp Fs
]e NnIfpw I]menbpsS D]\ymkfn {]Xn[z\np Ip. {io
Achn t\mSv _w m]n pXn \p apv I]men
caWaljnbpsS injy\mbncpp F Imcyw HSphn Rm
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 88
a\n emn . caW aljn sb Ipdn p ]e kwkv IrX
IrXnIpw DchmZn I]menbmbncpp. sI F XqenIm
\manembncpp Atlw CXv \nhlnncpXv.
Im]men imkv { Xn I KW]Xn ap\n bpsS { ]apJ
injy\mbncpp. KW]Xn ap\n Bbncpncnmw caW aljnbpsS
in jymcn Hcp]t { ]apJ. caW aljn sb Hcp
_me\mbncnptm KW]Xn ap\n IspIbmbncpp.
aljnsb {_ kzmansbv Atlw hnfnpambncpp ImcWw
Atlw Hcp {_mW _me\mbncpp. ]noSv Atls
caWs\pw `Khms\pw KW]Xn ap\n \maIcWw sNbvXp. caW
aljnsb Ipdnv KW]Xn ap\n kwkvIrXn A\h[n {]apJ
IrXn I cNn pIbpw, aljn bpsS { ]t_m[\
kwkv IrXnempIbpw sNbv Xp. Atlns injys\
\nebn I]men Ahbvv `mjy FgpXn.
Rm KW]Xn ap\nbpsS IrXnI, {]tXyInpw Atlw Hcp
thZ ]nX\pw IqSnbmbncpXn\m, Atlns thZ
kw_nbmb IrXnI NnIp t\mm Xocpam\np. Rm
Fw ]n ]nnt\mSv KW]Xn ap\nsbpdnpw, Atlns thZ
cN\IfpsS {]m[m\ys Ipdnpw tNmZnp. Atlw ]dXv ,
KW]Xn ap\n thZ a{v AXypZmamb Hcp m\w
Inncpsnepw, Anmbn NnXdnnSp Atlns
IrXnIfn thZsfpdnv hfsc Ipdp am{Xta Dq FpamWv.
KW]Xn ap\nbpsS D]\ymksf Ipdnv Rm caWm{ianepw
Xncnsbnepw BZyw AXns\mcp êapmbn.
1992 , Rm {io sI \tSi\pambn _sSm\nSbmbn. Av
F]XpIfnembncp Atlw caW aljnbpsSbpw KW]Xn
ap\nbpsSbpw Pohnncnp injymcn Ghpw apXn
Bfmbncpp. KW]Xn ap\nbnep Fs XmXv]cyw Idn
{io \tSi, Atlns Ghpw henb Hcp clkyw FtmSv
shfnsSpn. Zimfmbn Atlw KW]Xn ap\nbpsS IrXnI
tiJcnppmbncpp. KW]Xn ap\nbpsS {]knoIcnXpw
Fm Atm ASnbnenmXncpXpamb IrXnItfqSmsX,
89 tUhnUv {^men
hfsc {]bXv \w sNbv Xv Atlns GXmsm Isgpp
{]XnIfpw IqSn ]InsbSpv kqnncpp. {io ]nv t]mepw
Hcn epw Adn n n m A{ Xbpw D]\ymk,
thZsfpdnp hn]peamb ]T\ DssS Atlns
] Dmbn cpp. Atlw hfsc ktmjtmsS
AhbpsSsbmw tImnI FSpp Xp. Rm\hsb ]Tnm\mbn
Atacnbntev sImp hp. As\ {io \tSi Fs
KW]Xn ap\nbntev \bnpIbpw, Atlns Ir]bpsSbpw
kz[o\nsdbpw Hcp t{kmXkmbn hnpIbpw sNbvXp.
Fs Ghpw Bgtadnb hnNmctfmSv kacksSp Hcp
kao]\amWv Rm KW]XnbpsS IrXnIfn IsnbXv. Fs
cN\Ifn Rm hfnsbSp, C{\v {]m[m\yw \Ip
kao]\w, "C{s Bbncw \ma" F Atlns
IrXnbnepw ImWmw. AKv \nsb kv I\pw caW\pw BbnmWv
Atlw a\n emn bXv . Fs [mcWbpw A{ ]Imcw
Xsbmbncpp. KW]Xn ap\nbpambn Fs tNX\m Xenepw
Rm kn hcm XpSn. BcnIamb Hcp kackXbpw
m\n s { ]kcWhpw Rm A\p`hn p. Fs
Dn en cppsImv Atlw FtmSv kwkmcn pXp
t]msebmbncpp AXv.
KW]Xn ap\n Hcp thZ ]n X\mbn cpp. Xm{n I
tbmKnbmbncpp. Hcp BbpthZ tUmdpw thZtPymXnjnbpw, Hcp
kPoh kmaqly ]cnjv mhpw NnI\pw IqSnbmbncpp.
Npcpn Rm hym]rX\mbncp hnjbfnsemw IptdqSn
Bgn Atlhpw hym]cn n cpp. thZfpsSbpw
alm`mcXn sdbpw Ncn {Xspdn p t]mepw Atlw
KthjWw sNbv Xncpp. Hcp]t Cu \qmnse Ghpw
alm\mb kwkv IrX Ihn bpw FgppImc\pw KW]Xn
ap\nbmbncpp. Bbncw tmIfpw \mXv Aymbfpw D
Atln s Ghpw almb IrXn bmb Damkl{ kw,
kpcamb kwkv IrXnep Hc\p`hw XsbmWv . Fs
{]h\ aense Fm taJeIfnepw Rm Atls
Hcp amXrIbmbn kzoIcnp. {io Achn\pw caW aljnbpambp
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 90
Fs _ kaoIcnm DXIp Hcp kao]\hpw Atlw
F\np \In. AIncp Cu cp _panSbn Hcp
]mew \n n m KW]Xn ap\n bn eqsS F\n mbn .
Rm\n s\sbmcp \n e]mSv FSpXn \v Xobmbpw
AtltmSp Fs KqUamb kvt\lmZchv Hcp ImcWamWv.
\tSi Fs Hcp {][m\ kplrpw hgnImnbpambncpp
sImv BcnIambpw _mlyambpw ]eXenepw Fs
klmbnp. KW]Xn ap\nbptSXv am{Xa caW aljnbpsSbpw
{io Achn sdbpw {]t_m[\fpsS {]tXyI ]mT
Atlsa\nv AbpXp sImtbncpp. {io \tSi\neqsS,
KW]Xn ap\n Fntev hp, F\np ]npScm\mbn Hcp
amXrIbmbn amdpIbpw sNbv Xp. Atlw Fstmse hnhn[
hnjbfn Xmcyw hp]penbncpp, AtXkabw
Ahsbsbmw Xs BymnI ]mXbn ka\zbnnpIbpw
sNbvXncpp.
tZhnbpw `ntbmKhpw
KW]XnbpsS cN\Ifn ZialmhnZy FdnbsSp tZhnbpsS
]v m\ kz cq]sf Ipdn p hn ]peamb ]T\hpw
Dsncpp. Xm{nItbmKbpw m\tZhXIfpw F Fs
]pkv XIn KW]Xn ap\nbpsS ]mTsf B[mcamn Cu
hnjbspdnv Rm FgpXn. Dam, tcWpI, NnakvXm XpSn
\n ch[n tZho cq]fpambn KW]Xn ap\n v AKm[amb
_apmbncpp. Atlns {]t_m[\ Fs tZho
D]mk\bpsS Bgfntev Iqnsmp t]mbn. ]e tZho
a{ A\pkm\w sNpXv Fs tbmK ]cnioe\ns
Ahn`mPy LSIambncpp. Cu a{fntesdbpw KW]Xn
ap\nbnepw {io \tSi\nepw \nmWv F\np InnbXv . bYmn
tZhXbpsS asmcp cq]w XsbmWv a{w.
{ItaW `ntbmKw F\nv IqSpX {]m[m\yapXmbn
Xop. Hcp]t Hcp sNdnb D]abneqsS AXns aqeyw
hyamm Igntpw. m\w Hcp Zo]inJbpw a\v
hnfpXncnbpw `n FbpamWv. Fbnm hnfnse Xncnsb
91 tUhnUv {^men
AKv\n F t]mse, `nbpsS A`mhn m\w a\ns\
\ntjw Inp Ifbpp.
thZ ASnm\]cambn `ntbmK {KfmWv F
kXyw Rm Isn . `n tbmKw a[yIme `mcXn
]n mepmb Cman I s{ sIkv Xh kz m[o\fn
\npcpncnXmsW Nne B[p\nI ]nXmcpsS hnizmkw
sXmWv. thZ ]cakXys {]IrXnbpsS Fm cq]fnepw
Bcm[npp. AXn a\pjy\pw (C{ XpSnb tZhm)
arKfpw (Imf, IpXnc XpSnb tZh hml\) kkyfpw
(t{ijvTamb Aiz hrw, tkmaeX) aqeLSIfpw (AKv\n,
Pew Fnh) {]]hpw (kqcy, N{) Fmw DsSpp.
Cuiz cs\ ]n Xmhmbpw, amXmhmbpw, ktlmZc\mbpw,
kplrmbpw, ]p{X\mbpw, ]p{Xnbmbpw, Ipnbmbpw, Kpcphmbpw
Hs IpsImv thZ `nbpsS Fm `mht`Zsfbpw
hnpp, AwKoIcnpp.
thZ kamb \akv Imcw AYhm ssZhn \p
kaWw XsbmWv `nbpsS BsIpI. Cuizc \masf
P]nepw Ahsb [ym\nepw Fmepw thZamKnse
tI{mibamWv Fp ImWnpsImv EtKzZw \nch[n XhW
Znhyhpw clkyhpamb \masf Ipdnv ]dbpp.
EtKzZ Imew apX alm`mcX ]pcmW ImeL hsc,
sXv Bhmamcpw \mb\mamcpw apX hSv XpfkoZmkpw
aocm`mbn bpw hsc `n bpsS Cu A\pkyqX { ]hmlw
sslhXsb Fmehpw PohpXpw, ]pjv ehpamn
\ne\ndpn. sslhXbpsS lrZbw Xs `nbmWv . AXv
ISpw]nSpfntem ]m]t_m[ntem sInSpX, adnv
PohnXns BmZnann \npsImp Znhy t{]aamWv.
AXv Fmbv tmgpw IqSpX Db Aht_m[sbpw,
AXoXm\p`htbpw tXSnsmncnpp. Dnrjv W!,
[\p[c\mb cma, knwlhmln\nbmb ZpK Fns\
PohnXns Fm Xesfbpw, AXns Fm `mhtmSpw,
hynKXamb ASptmSpw, Xov WXtbmSpw IqSn AXv
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 92
kv]inncnpp.
Rm tZho tZhamcpsS kvtXm{X P]nm ]Tnp.
{]tXyInpw icmNmcy hncNnXamb ApXIcamb kvtXm{X.
AsXs ssZ\wZn\ A\pjvTm\ambn amdn. \smcp kwKoX]Sphpw,
km[phpambncp caWm{ianse sset{_dnb {io sP Pbcma
Fs Cu Imcyn hfsc klmbn p. `n ckn
apn pfn msX Fs _un I { ]h\ F\n v
kwXr]v XntbIpIbn F Imcyw Rm a\nemn. Znhktfmfw
IqSnb tXmXn am\knI {]h\ sNbv XXn\ptijw,
IqSpX kmbm Rm `n km[\Imbn sNehgnp.
Cu `n`mhw {][m\ambpw tZhnbnembncpp Fnepw C{,
AKv \n, inh, cma, l\pam, KW]Xn XpSnb sslh
aqnIsfmw AXn ISp hp.
{_jn ssZhcX
Ipsd hjp tijw, apwss_bn se `mcXob
hn Zym`h\n Hcp { ]`mjWw sNptm, F\n v Hcp
DtZz KP\Iamb Hcp ]pkv XIw km\n sp. caW
aljn bpsSbpw, KW]Xn ap\n bpsSbpw asmcp { ][m\
injy\mbncp ssZhcXtdXmbncpp NtmZi\w Fpt]cmb
B ]pkv XIw. F\nv KW]Xn ap\nbpambpmbncp _w
hnZym`h {]hIv Adnbpambncpn. AXn\m AXv
XnIpw bmZrnIw Xsbmbncpp. ]noSv ssZhcXtdXv
Xsbmb hmIvkp[ F asmcp ]pkvXIhpw e`np.
ssZhcX KW]Xn ap\nbpsS Zi\ ]npSp. Fm
I]men sNbv XXn \npw hyXykv Xambn Atlw caWt\mSv
ASppXs \np. Achns amKntev tNn. KW]Xn
ap\n bpsS BibfpsS ASn m\n Atlw Hcp
thZhoWw hfnsbSpp. Hw {]mNo\ Ejnamsctmse
]pXnb thZa{fpsS t\cnp Zi\fpw Atln\pmbn.
kckzXn, Xmc Fo `mhfn Atlhpw tZho D]mk\
sNbvXncpp.
93 tUhnUv {^men
thZsfpdnpw, thZa{fpsS insb Ipdnpw ]qW
m\ap Hcp B[p\nI thZ Ejn F \nebn ssZhcXs\
aljn atljv tbmKn ]mmXy temIv sImp hncpp Fp
Rm ]noSv a\nemn. Atlns {]h\n \nv
Rm hfsc {]tNmZ\apsmp. KW]Xn ap\nsb t]mse
ssZhcX\pw Fs AcwKn Dtv thZ \thmm\ns
Hcp {][m\ `mKambn amdn.
lnamebw
sslhX lnamebns BmhmWv. Cu alm]hXhpw
AXns karamb \ZnIfpw Dunhfnb Zi\amWXv. Dbchpw
Bghpw, kw\ymkhpw karnbpw ChnsS ktfnpp.
ln amebn tep CS\mgn bmWv lcn Zz m. Cu
CS\mgnbneqsS ISmWv lnameb ]hXnse tbmKnIfpsS
BymnI in AXns kz[o\w kaXentev hym]nnv
sXv I\ymIpamcn hsc Fn tcpXv . Xs Icbn
Pohnphv am{Xa Cu D]`qJn apgph\pw KwK
AhfpsS A\p{Klw sNmcnbpp. lnamebns HuXyfn
\np Cu BymnI {]hmlw A\p`hnm IgnXv thZ
{]t_m[\sf Ipdnp Fs aXnn\v Hcp ]pXnb Xew IqSn
Iqntp.
EjntIintep Fs BZys ki\n Rm
XmaknXv thZ`h F Hcp emWv. B {]tZis sshZnI
BNmcfpsS Ghpw ]gb Hcp tI{ambncpp AXv. Fm
1966 AhnSs sshZnI NSpI \ndptn hp. AXns\
]npWncp [\nIcmb hyhkmbnI AhcpsS klmbw
\ndpnbXmbncpp AXn\p ImcWw. As\ bmZrnIambn
sshZnI NSpIfpsS Hcp {]mNo\ tI{n Rm Fnsp.
{io kpho ibmWv B ens Ctmgs DSa.
AtlamWv thtZmmcWhpw, sshZnINSpIfpw sNpXn\mbn
]cnioennsp h B sshZnIimJbnse Ahkm\s In.
EtKzZw apX kmathZw hsc hnhn[ ssienIfn Atlw
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 94
DcnpXv R tIp. Fm \n`mKyhim Cu ]mccyw,
CUybn se av ]e k{ Zmbsfbpw t]mse Cv
Ipnbpt]mIpIbmWv . {]m]nI inIfpambp kwthZ\w,
BNcWhpw P]hpsamsbp Hcp PohnXw CXns\mpw
hmWnPyhIrXamb Cu ImeLn CSan.
EjntIin \npw IpsdqSn Dbcnep DcIminbmWv
inh\pw inbpw Hnp ew. B en\v Hcp {]tXyI
ssNX\yhpw inbpapmbncpp. AhnsS Hcmv Cu euInI
Pohn Xn \pdw tbmKn IfpsS in bpw,
Bt_m[ne[njvTnXamb Hcp kwkvImcns kmn[yhpw
A\p`hndnbmw. AXn\papdap lnameb {]tZifn
alpfmb At\Iw AmX tbmKnI hknpp. Ahv
Cu temIns Imcyfn bmsXmcp XmXv ]cyhpan. Ipdp
oWnXsanepw Csmgpw ]cntmsX \ne\np
sslhXbpsS Bob lrZbw AhcneqsS kwcnsSpp.
{ianm Csmgpw Acw almmsf Ipapm\pw A\p{Klw
t\Sm\pw Hcph\v IgnbpIbpw sNpw.
icmNmcyam
sXmqdpIfpsS XpSn irwtKcn icaTns
XztemIw F {]knoIcWhpambn Rm ]cnNbn hp.
Fs irwtKcnbntev Hcp {]tXyI ki\n\v sImpt]mb
AXns FUndmb {io Sn B cmaN{\mWv AXn\v \nanambXv.
irwtKcn IWmSInep Hcp Ipn {]tZiamWv. R
hnam\andnb amwKfqcn \nv Ipsd aWnqdpIfpsS Im
bm{Xbpv AhntSv . BZn icmNmcy m]n Cu tI{w
C{ Xbpw D{ ]tZimbXn F\n v ApXw tXmn .
Xobmbnpw ic {]ikv Xntbmfpw, X]ns\pdnmWv
NnnncpsXv hyw. P\XXnIsf h tXmXn ]cnh\w
sNm DpIamb Hcp ]pXnb aXw m]npIbmbncpn adnv
\s ]cn hn n m \mw A\pjv Tn t Hcp [ym\
amKn embn cpp Atln s { i. irwtKcn bn
95 tUhnUv {^men
thZmns Cu {]tXyIX \apntmgpw ImWmw. BhnImkw,
AXmWv thZmns amKw. aphcpsS kphntijhcWw
A.
asmcp icaThpambnpw Rm kn hp.
sNssbn \npw cpaWnq sImsmhp Zqsc
Imo]pcp aTambn cpp AXv . t{ X \Kcamb
Imo]pcamIs {]mNo\ CUybnse Ggv ]hn{X \KcnIfn
HmWv.
Atmgs icmNmcy N{tiJtc{ kckzXn GXmv
\qdp hbnt\mSv ASpppmbncpp. Atlw lnpaXns
Hcp henb {]t_m[I\mbncpp. `mKyhim Atlns tZl
hntbmKn\p apv cp XhW Atlns Zi\w t\Sm
F\nv Ignp. Rm\ntmgpw D]tbmKnbv p Fs {][m\
cp{ Zmame Atlw A\p{ Kln p XXmWv . thZm
ZrnbneqsSbp Hmcw lnpaX ]T\amWv Atlns
IrXnI.
Ipsd hjv tijw ASp icmNmcycmb Ptb{
kckzXnbpsS CSs]S sImv , F\nv Imn Imao
t{Xn sNv tZhn bpsS Zi\w t\Sm\pw Ign p.
km[mcWbmbn ]mmXysc AXns\mpw A\phZnmdn. Ccw
BNmcyam ln p [s Dbn n Sn pIbpw,
kl{kmfpsS ]gap BNmc `mhn XeapdIfpsS
\bvmbnsImv \ne\ndpn hcnIbpw sNpp.
Aenbnse kzman cmwZmkv
ZntWybnse t{X \Kcsfbpw, Dc `mcXnse
XoYsfbpw t]mse BymnI ssNX\yw \ndp \np
Hcp eamWv almcm{ bn se ]qs\Spp Aen .
`KhZvKoXbvp, mt\izcn F kp{]knamb `mjysagpXnb
mt\izcs t{Xw nXnsNpXv AhnsSbmWv . Xs
Ccp]nsbmmas hbn Atlw kzbw `qanSnbntev
adbpIbmbncpp. Hcn Xncnp hcm thn Atlw adp
Fv hnizknsSp es hrns ASpmWv
t{Xns m\w. AhnsS [ym\nm\ncnpXv iamb Hcp
A\p`hambncpp. CmanI B{IaW `cWn Iogn sslh
[s cn m {]bXv \n At\Iw almmtfmSv
kn hcpXp t]msebmbncpp B A\p`hw.
]noSv Rm ka cmaZmkv {]m\hpambn kn
hp. B{IaWImcnIfmb apKfamsXnsc lnpsf
DWnsbgptn inhPn almcmPmhns Kpcphmbncpp
Atlw. {_nojpIm cmPyw ISpXn\p apv , amdm
km{amPyw CUybpsS Hpapmepw hym]nncpp.
C{]Imcw CUysbmppw Rm Ipsd XoYmS\
sNbvXp. [mcmfw A\p`h Inn. ChnsS ]phXv Ahbnse
Nne DZmlcW am{Xw.
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 96
lnp kmaqly cm{ob hifpsS
Is
tUm. _n F hjvTbpambn apJmapJw
Fs BZys Cym ki\n ]nmep
Fs PohnXsbpw Nnsbbpw kzm[o\nm t]mIp Hcp
hyn bpambn Rm Ipapn bn cpp. ln pfpsS
am\kn I\n etbbpw, ln p t\cn Sp { ]iv \tfbpw
]cnNbsSpn XpsImv Atlw Fs Hcp amKZinbmbn
Xop.
apwss_bnse Hcp BbpthZ I\nbn D
hn Ikn n p NpaXebn {]hn p sImn cp Hcp
BbpthZ tUmdmbn cpp tUm. hjv T. B Hcp
]meambncpp Atlhpambp Fs IqSnmgvNbvv hgn
hXv. Atm Atlw Fs As\ t]mse GXmv Fgp]Xv
hbnt\mSSpncpp.
A kabs A\u]NmcnI kw`mjWtmsS Xs
\apn Sbn Hcm _w A\p`hsp. Atlw Fs
{]h\sfbpw Xmev]cysfbpw ]nsbms tNmZndnp.
thZsfbpw {]mNo\ `mcXsbpw tI{oIcnp Fs
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 98
]T\fn Atln\v {]tXyI HupIyw tXmn. {ItaW Rm
hjvTbpambn IqSpX hnimeamb kn hp. AsXs
sslh kwLS\IfpsS Iqmbvabpambn _sSpn. R
\o kw`mjWfn GsSpambn cpp. `mcXtbpw,
sslhXsbbpw, thZtfbpw Hs kv ]in p
hnjbfmbncpp Ahbn
\ndp \nncpXv . XmaknbmsX thZ hnm\s
CUybnepw ]pdpw {]Ncnnm\p Hcp {]h\n\v
R cq]w sImSpp. Fs BbpthZ ]T\n tUm hjvT
Fs klmbnpIbpw, ]e BbpthZ Aym]Iscbpw
kvIqfpItfbpw, F\nv ]cnNbsSpn XcnIbpw sNbvXp. R
Av Zqsc a{Zmknepw _mwKfqcnepw hscbp ]e BbpthZ
skan\mdpIfnepw ]sSpp.
Fm hjvT shdpw Hcp BbpthZ tUm am{Xambncpn.
Atlw Hcp _pnPohnbpw, ]{X{]hI\pambncpp. ]p
hjtmfw Atlw ]qs\bn se tIkcn ]{ Xn s
]{Xm[n]cmbncpp. aX]chpw kmaqlyhpamb {]iv\sfpdnv
\n ch[n teJ\fpw ]pkv XIfpw Atlw
FgpXn bn pmbn cpp. almcm{bn se Hcp {]apJ ln p
FgppImc\mbn cpp Atlw. Atln s Ffn b
hynXzn\p ]nn henb DmgvNbpw aphsc XfpsS
PohnX sZuXyfntev \bnm\p Akm[mcWamb Ignhpw
Hfnncnppmbncpp.
hjv T BZysas apwss_bn ep { ]mtZin I ln p
kwLS\Ifpambn ]cnNbsSpn. AXn B Fkv Fkv (cm{ob
kzbw tkhIv kwLv), hn Fv ]n (hniz lnp ]cnjZv), _n sP ]n
(`mcXob P\Xm ]mn ) Fn hbpsSbpw av A\p_
kwLS\IfpsSbpw { ]mtZin I LSI Dsn cpp.
Rm\phsc Chsbn bmsXmpw Adnncpn. ]Xnsb kwL
]cnhm AYhm B Fkv Fkv kwLS\m kaqlsbpw AXnse
hnhn[ LSIsfbpw Ipdnv Rm a\nemn. Fs kw
IqSpXepw hn Fv ]n tbmSmbncpp. temInse Ghpw henb
99 tUhnUv {^men
ln p kwLS\sb \n ev Ah IqSpXepw aX]camb
{]iv\fmWv ssIImcyw sNbvXncpXv.
Cu kwLS\IfpsS t\Xm DssS ]ecpw Fs
hyn]camb ]cnNbn hp. Ah lnp [n\v
in ]Icp, sslh kaqln s kwcWn
_{ icmb, tZit_m[hpw kaW at\m`mhhpap
`mcXobcmsWv Rm Ip. Ahcn anhcpw hjvTsbtmse
am\yamcpw kuay kz`mhnIfpw, aXsbpw BobXsbbpw
kw_nv Xpd a\phcpambncpp. Ahcn Iptdt
Atlstmse BymnI Xccpw, \hw km[\I
Hs A\pnphcpambncpp.
hjvT Xs Atlns ]Xns\mw hbpapX GXmv
A]Xv hjtmfambn B Fkv Fkns {]hI\mbncpp.
lnpfpsS cm{ob kmaqly hnjbsfpdnv FgpXnbnp
XneIv , kh, KpcpPn tKmh XpSnb {]apJcpsS
IrXnIfpambn Atlsas ]cnNbsSpn.
almm Kmn p apv kz mX{ y kacn s
t\Xmhmbncpp temIam\y XneIv . thZfnepw CUybpsS
{]mNo\ Ncn{Xnepw XneIn\v Hcp {]tXyI Xm]cyapmbncpp.
thZfnse Dc {[ph_w, Hmdntbm XpSn cp {][m\s
]pkv XI Atlw cNnnpv . thZfnse TPymXnimkv {X
]cmaisf ASn m\amn bp Atln s ]T\w,
thZfpsS Ime\nbn hfsc {][m\s hnhc
DsmpXmsWv Rm Ip. Fm Atlns
Dc{ [ph kn mw, Ames imkv { Xm\n s
]cnanXnI sImpmb sXn[mcW am{Xambncpp.
Xn eIn \v Achn t\mSpw hfsc ASp
_apmbncpXmbn Rm Isn. Achn XneIns
A\pbmbnbmbncpp. X\np tijw kzmX{y kac t\XrXzw
GsSpWsav Achnt\mSv Atlw BhiysSpIbpw
sNbvXncpp. Fm B \ntZiw kzoIcnsSpIbpmbn.
Atmtgpw Achn Cu temIPohnXn \npw hncanv
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 100
tbmKkm[\bn apgpIngnncpp. Alnwkbnep almm
KmnbpsS ISpw]nSpw AXncphnXmsWv XneIpw Achn\pw
hnizknncpp. {_nojpImsc ]pdm IpsdqSn kPohamb
Hcp aptw Ah cpt]cpw B{Klnncpp.
almmKmn sbm apXn asmcp CUy
t\Xmhmbncpp hockmh. X\np _apmbncp
bqtdmnse av hnhImcnIsftmse Atlhpw Hcp Xosmcn hnh
\mbI\mbncpp. CUysbpdnv Atln\v iamb Hcp
tZiob hoWapmbncpp. {_nojpImsc ]pdmm in
D]tbmKnWsan AXpw sNWsa A`n{]mbmc\mbncpp
Atlw. ]nme PohnXn kmh Hcp NnI\pw
tbmKnbpambn Pohnp. Fm \n`mKyhim Atlns
{ ]h\ CSXp]mcmb { ]Xn tbmKn Ifm
XakvcnsSpIbmWv DmbXv.
kmhsd, Atlns CSXp hncp hoW
ImcWw Hcp \mknbmn Nn{XoIcnpXn\p kwLSnX {iaw
Xsbpmbn. Fm kmh Hcp \mkn hncp\mbncpp
FXmWv hmkv Xhw. CUy { _n ojpImv Hw \n v
Pa\n sXn sc bpw sNWw Fpt]mepw Atlw
Bhiysn cpp. kmhdn eqsS CUy kz mX{ y
kacns\pdnp ap Nne Nn{X F\np Inn. AXv
]mmXyv ]cnNbap Kmnb Imgv NmSpIfn \npw
XnIpw hyXyambncpp.
1925 B Fkv Fkv m]n slUv tKhmdn\v tijw
cmaXv t\XrXz n tesn bXv KpcpPn tKmh
Bbncpp. XXzNnm]camb Nmbv hp kuay kz`mhnbmb
Hcym]I\mbncpp Atlw. Atlns {]`mjWfpw
teJ\fpw tNsmcpnb '_v Hm^v tXmSv kv ' BWv
AtlntXmb {][m\ IrXn. lnpfpw B[p\nI `mcXhpw
t\cnSp Cs kmaqly {]iv \fpsS hfsc hyamb
hniIe\fpw Ahbvp BymnIhpw {]mtbmKnIhpamb
]cnlmcfpw Rm\Xn Ip. ùXnIhmZhpw, IyqWnkhpw,
101 tUhnUv {^men
an jWdn aXfpw Dbp A]ISfpw, Ahbv p
sslhhpw Bjhpamb [\oXn bn A[n jv Tn Xamb
]cnlmcfpw tKmh hfsc hyambn Nqnmpp.
hnthIm\tdbpw, Achnsdbpw Zi\fpsS kmaqly
Xen ep {]mtbmKn IhcWw Bbn mWv B {Kw
ImWsXv . C{Xbpw BgapXpw hgamXpamb Hcp
kao]\s auenIhmZw Fv ap{ZIpm CSXp NnmKXnm
ImWnp hy{KX Fs AZv`pXsSpn.
hjv T Fs BcykamP m]I\mb kzman Zbm\
kckzXnbpsS {Kfpambnpw ]cnNbsSppIbpmbn.
thZsfpdnp Fs ImgvNmSpIfn hopw ]pXnsbmcp
hiw IqSn Iqntm Ahsbs klmbnp. B[p\nI Imev
thZfntev aSn sNv B {]mNo\ a{fpsS AymnIamb
hi Xpdp Imnb BZys BNmcy\mbncpp kzman Zbm\.
thZfntev aSpI F Blzm\hpambn _s Hcp henb
kmaqly aptw Xs Dv F Imcyw Rm Xncndnp.
F\npw Acw Hcp Blzm\w ]npScm Hcp hnjahpapmbn.
{io Achns Zi\fn hjv T BIr\mbncpp.
Fm caW aljn sb Atlw Xs Kpcpmcn
HcmfmbnmWv IWmnbncpXv. Atln\v Imn icmNmcy
aThpambpw, kzman N{tiJtc{ kckzXnbpambpw Hcp {]tXyI
_w Dmbncpp. Fm Hcp {]tXyI BNmcy\ntem, Hcp
{]tXyI k{Zmbntem HXpn \nm hnimeamb Hcp
kao]\w Atlw hp ]pen bn cpp. ln paXn s
BymnI hisfpdnv X\np Adnhpt]mse Xs
AXns\ t\cnSp kmaqly cm{ob {]iv\sfpdnpw hjvT
t_m[hm\mbn cpp. a\pjysc ApXIcamb coXn bn
a\nemm\pw hnebncpm\pw D Ignhpw Hcp Bob
DmgvNbpw Atln\v kzmbambncpp.
hjvT kzbw Hcp _pnam\pw, kulrZ at\m`mhaph\pw,
\mbn Bib hn \n abw sNph\pw AtX kabw
hn\baph\pambncpp. AtltmSp ]e hjfpsS Fs
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 102
]cnNbns CSbv v Hcn t]mepw hjv T kzbw ]pIgv ptXm,
X\nv Fsnepw {]tbmP\ t\SnsbSpm {ianptXm
Inn. ]Icw Atlw Fs Atacn _stbm, Fs
IrXn Isftbm hv Fs apXseSptmambn cp ]e
CUymcn \npw Fs cnm\mWv {inncpXv .
AtXt]mse kwLs ]nsbmsbp Fs hoWsf
Hcnepw kzm[o\nm\pw Atlw {iann. Atlw hynIsf
]cn NbsSpn Xcn Itbm, Xs Adn hn ep Imcy
]phbv pItbm am{ Xw sNbv Xn v Fs Fs kz w
A`n{]mb cq]oIcnm hnSpambncpp. hfsc kuay`mjnbpw,
Hn s\pdn pw AXn itbmn ]dbm CsSm
Bfpambn cpp Atlw. Xm { ]hn psImn cp
kwLS\IfpsS ]cnanXnIsfbpw sXpIsfbpw kXnm
Hcpambncpp Atlw.
kmm{ Iqkn , hn am\mhfn \n pw hfsc
AIsebmsX Hcp sNdnb ^vemnembncpp hjvTbpsS Xmakw.
Atls ImWm [mcmfw sNdpm hcpambncpp. Atlw
AhcpsS PohnXfnepw, sXmgn taJebnepsams {]tbmKnIamb
amKZi\w sImSppsImv {]tNmZ\taInbncpp. BymnI
PohnXspdnv hfsc Xmgv abp Hcp kao]\w Atlw
]pen bn cpp. Hcn epw Hpw ASn tn msX,
Hmtcmcptcbpw XfpsS kzXzs Ism klmbnp
sImp Hcp kao]\ambncpp AXv. F\nv Fnepw Fs
Bmt\zjWnepw Atlw Bhnizmkw ]Ip XXmbn
F\np tXmn. Atlw Fn Hcp IqmbvabpsS Aht_m[hpw
kmaqly DchmZnXzhpw Apcnnp. thZ ]T\fpsS Imep
k\ymk Xpeyamb Fs GIm bm{Xbn \nv Atlsas
]pdpsImp hcnIbpw sNbvXp.
B Hcp ImcWw \nanamnsmv Rm ]Xnhnepw IqSpX
Znhkw AtltmsSmw Ignp. AtlamIs \nch[n
]pkv XIfpw ISemkpIfpw F\np ssIamdpIbpw sNbv Xp.
AXymhiyamXpw A]qWhpamb Fmns\bpw Xgnv,
IqSpX Bobamb Hcp Pohn Xn tev Atlw
103 tUhnUv {^men
hnShmpIbmbncpp.
AXn\ptijw Atlns IpI Hpw Inm Ipsd
amk ISp t]mbn. As\ km[mcW kw`hnmdpX.
As\bn cn s Hcp Zn hkw cm{ Xn Gsd sshIn Rm
DdapWp. tUm hjv T acWsn cn msap Nn
s]mSps\ Fs a\ntev ISp hp. Atln\v Ipsd
Imew apv lmv Amv hnpmbncpp. lrZbns oWw
ISp { ]bXv \fn \n v Atls AIn
\nnbncnpIbmbncpp. Nnetmsgmw cm{Xn sshIn F\np
CUybn \nv t^m kti Inmdpv. XmaknbmsX tUm
hjvTbpsS acW hmbpambnmbncnptam Ccw Hcp t^m
hcnI Fp Rm DXv IWv TsSmdpapmbncpp. Cu hnNmcw
a\n h \nanjn t^m s_Snp. tUm hjvT lrZb
kv Xw`\w aqew acWsp F ktiambncpp CUybnse Fs
kplrpv ]dbm\pmbn cpXv . AsXmcp Pqsse
Ahkm\ambncpp.
Atcapmb hnImc hntm`n \nmizmkw tXSn Rm
ASpp ]hX { ]tZitv ImtdmSn p t]mbn . Hcp
AcaWnq Im bm{Xtb AhntSpmbncppq. s]sv
tdmUcnInembn henb sImpItfmSpIqSnb Kwòc\mb Hcp
Fns\ Rm Ip. Rm\np hscbpw B ]hXtaJebn
Acw Hscns\ Inpmbncpn. AXv hjv TbpsS
Bmhn sdbpw kz `mhn sdbpw \n tbmKn sdbpw
{]Xncq]amsWv F\np tXmn.
lnp hncp am[ya
Rm CUybn embn cptm Cwn jv ]{ X
hmbn n cpp. Rm CSsms Xmakn mdpmbn cp
tlmepIfnepw apw Ah kpeàmbncpp. ]e amKko\pIfpw Rm
t\mnbncpp. kwL ]cnhm kwLS\Isf Dtinv "lnp
auenIhmZ" ns A]ISsfpdnv ]{X \nccw
FgpXpXv Fs {ibnsncpp. Ah DbnmWnm
{ ian Xv Ccw ln p kwLS\I aX \yq\]sf
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 104
ASnapIbpw, As\ cmPynse P\m[n]Xyn\pw
atXXcXzn\pw Ayw IpdnpIbpw sNpsambncpp.
B]mcnIfpw, A{Iamkcpw kmaqly hncpcpsamWv
kwL ]cnhmdns\ Ah Nn{XoIcnpI.
t_mwt_bnse ssSwkv Hm^v CUy ]dbpXv B Fkv
Fkpw ]cnhm kwLS\Ifpw Xo{hhmZ]chpw, ^mknpw,
AXn kmlkmcpamsWmWv . Cu {]kv Xmh\I Fs
hfscb[n Iw Akz Xbn tepw Nn mpgn tepw
Xnhnp. HpIn Cu lnp kwLS\Ifpambp Fs
k hgnsXnpXmbncpp, Asn Cu {]Xntema
hoW ]mtS sXmbn cn Ww. Hcp CSXp]
hoWaph\mb Rm Fs kam[m\ kz `mhhpw,
kkymlmcioehpw, Bhmk hyhbnep XmXv]cyhpsams
sImv, \yq\]sf Cmbva sNm tImpIqp heXp]
lnpfpsS ssIn Hcp klmbnbmbn amdpIbmtWm ? Ah
A[n Imcn hm Hcp aI, tkz m[n ]Xy
hyhnbmbncnnt DmhpI ? Fs NnI Cs\ t]mbn.
Fm AtXkabw Xs CUybnse ]{X Cmans\
]pIgvpXpw, ]ekvXo\nIv thn iapbpXpw Rm
Ip. Fm aXhn`mKpw \a hcpm Ignhp, Fm
\yq\]sfbpw kwcn m Ign bp, ssZhoI
amKZi\n \npw Dcpncnbp `cW hyhtbmSpIqSnb
Hcp CkvfmanI cm{ns alXzs {]Ionp sImv Hcp
]{Xw apJ{]kwKw t]mepsagpXn. Fm kuZn Atd_y, Cdm
]mInm XpSnb CkvfmanI cmPyfpsS klnjvWpXbpsS
Ncn{Xw F\nv \mbn Adnbmw. Hcp Ckv fmanI cmPyns
KpWKWsf hmgvm Ignbptm Xs, AklnjvWpXbpsS
Imcyn AXn s ASpspw Fm sslh
{]m\sf hnainm\pw lnpv IgnbpXv Iv F\nv
AZv `pXamWv tXmnbXv . a[yIme s{sIkv Xh cmPyfpamtbm,
Csmgpw a[yIme {]IrXw ]pep CkvfmanI cmPyfpamtbm
XmcXayw sNmhp Hcp lnpcmPyw, Hcp lnp\nbahyh
Asn Hcp lnpaXm[njv TnX `cWIqSw Fsmsbp
105 tUhnUv {^men
Bib Hpw Xs \nehnen.
AtX ]{X Xs amIv kns\bpw IyqWnksbpw
]pIgv ppapmbn cpp. Ah ssN\tbbpw tkmhn bv
bqWn bt\bpw temIn se Ghpw ]ptcmKa\mIamb
cmPyfmbn hmgv n Ahbv papn Ipn SpXpw
ImWmambncpp. F]XpIfpsS HSphn ]qh bqtdmn
IayqWnkns XIbpmbtm Ah hne]npIbpw,
IayqWn v `cWn s ]p\x m]\n \mbn
KrlmXpcXztmSpIqSn {]XyminpIbpw sNbvXp.
1991 djybn sbkns\ ]pdmn IayqWnv `cWw
]p\xm]nm thn Hcnadn {iaw \Sp. ]n hn \cknwl
dmhphns t\XrXznep As tIm{Kkv km Anadn
t\Xmsf ]pXnb djy Khsav Bbn hfsc thKn
AwKoIcn pIbpw sNbv Xp. Fm As An adn
]cmPbsp. AtXmsS apJw \s CUy Khsadn\v
AXns {]kv Xmh\I ]nhentnbpw hp. CUy
_pn Pohn hKw XfpsS Iqdv e\n \n pw
tamkv tImbntesm _oPnntesm amnbXv t]msebmWv
ImWsSpXv . Hcnepw sUlnbntesm CUybnse
ashnsSsbnteptam, AYhm CUybpsS ]mccyfntesm
A Ah AhcpsS Iqdv amnbnpXv!
thZtfbpw `mcXns Ncn{Xtbpsams hntZinI
F{Xam{Xw hfsmSnnps Imcyw Rm t\ct Xs
a\nemnbncpp. AhcpsS aX{]NcWkm{amPyXz NmbzpIfpw,
Bymn I k{ Zmbsfpdn pw { ]XoIsfpdn pw
Hsbp AXbpw IqSntv AhcpsS IrXnIsf ]T\
{KsfXn\p ]Icw shdpw {]lk\fmn Xop.
{iotImhnen Ccnp ssNX\ys Ipdnv henb {KmlyanmsX,
t{X IhmSn \p apn en cpv tKmen Ifn p sImp
IpnItfmSmWv {io Achn Hcn Ahsc D]anXv. lnpfpsS
kmaqly cm{ob aptsf AhaXnm Cu ]p IqpIm
XmdmIpXv Xopw A{]XonXambncpn.
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 106
AXpsImv , lnp kmaqly {]m\fpsS t\scbp
CUybnse Cwojv am[yafpsS kao]\w Itm, Bcy
A[n\nthi knmtmSp tNmZyw sNm Iqmm
AhcpsS hnt[bXzw t]mse AXSn kzoIcnm F\nv
_pnappmbncpp.
sslh {]m\fpambp Nne hyn _fpw,
thZsfpdnp Adnhns ]mehpanmbncpsn
Hcp]t AhsXnscbp Cu Ip{]NcWs Rm\pw
Kuchambn FSppambncpp. `mcXns ss]XrIspdnv
_lpam\w ]pephcn t]mepw ]ecpw Cu sIWnbn
hoWpt]mbnpv.
{ItaW F\nv `mcXob a\ns asmcp hiw ImWm
Ignp. kzw ]mccytfmSv i{XpX]pep,]mmXy
ùXnIXbm kzm[o\ns, BymnIXv ]pdw Xncnp
\np Hcp hiw. tbmK imkv{Xnsdbpw [ym\nsdbpw
Hs \mSmbn `mcXs hmgvp ]mmXycn ]epw, Ahsc
BIjn p AtX LSIsXn cmbn Chn sS
{ ]hn psImn cn p ]mmXyhcn s Cu
hisn Adn bn . `mcXn s Bymn IXbn tev
BIjnsSp ]mmXysc shdpw kz]v\mS\mcpw, ]mmXy
kwkvImcnse ]nncn {]hWXIfpsS {]Xn\n[nIfpambnmWv
ChnsSbp CSXv NnmKXnm honpXv!
tUm. hjv TbpsS klmbtmsS F\n v Nn e CSXv
]{ X{ ]hIsc t\cn ImWm\pw AhcpsS Nn mKXn
a\knemm\pw Ahkcw e`np. AhcpsS hoWsfn
Atlsa\nv bmsXmcp apdnhpw Xncpn, adnv kzbw AXv
Isn a\nemm Atlsas A\phZnpIbmbncpp.
B Fkv Fns\ tI{oIcnp Cu lnp hncp {]NcWfpsS
]nnep CSXv kzm[o\w Rm Isn.
ipmmsf hw CUy CSXv NnmKXnm
IyqWnkn henb {]Xobnncpp. àmcpsS
`nt]mse tNmZyw sNm hnt[bXzw Ah ]pen. amIvkv,
107 tUhnUv {^men
se\n, men, amthm XpSnbh ]pXnb ssZhfpsSbpw
AhcpsS ]pkv XI ]pWy {KfptSbpw \nebntev
Dbn cpp. Hcp bYm IyqWn v hn hw
CUybnepmbnsbn djybnse t]mse BZyw XpSp
\osSpItbm, ssN\bnse kmwkvImcnI hnhmettmse
te_ IympIfntev BntbmSnsSpItbm sNpXpw Cu
_pn PohnI XsbmIpambncpp F Imcyw Ahcn ]ecpw
Hmncpn.
apwss_bnse Hcp {]ikvX amIvknv Ihnsb kin
Imcyw Rm Hmpp. C{Xbpw henb BymnI ]mccyhpw,
sshZnI EjnI apX Xs almb {]m]nI hoWw
]penbncp NnIcpw kzambptm `mcXob Fn\mWv
amIv kn s\ t]msebp Hcp icmicn ùXn I hmZn bpsS
hoWfn BpInSpXv Fp Rm AtltmSv
tNmZnp. lnp XXzZi\w bpnNnsb \innv P\sf
Ahn iz mkn tepw PmXn hyh t]msebp
A]cn jv IrXmhbn tepw Xn hn p Fmbn cpp
Atlns {]XnIcWw.
Fm Atln s { ]kv Xmh\I kz w
hyn Pohn Xn se sshcpysf Xpdp
ImWnphbmbncpp. Xs ]ntXmNnXamb Fm hnh
NnIpw FgppIpw _Zembn Atlns `mcy
Atmgpw Hcp Irjv W `bpw, `KhZv KoXbpsS Hcp
Bcm[nIbpambncpp.
Atls kw_nv KoX Fmw {_amsW AXns
\ne]mSneqsS Hcp ambbmWv krnncnpXv. Fm Xs Cu
Fm _pnssh`hw {]tbmKnnpw kzw `mcybpsS t]mepw
NnIsf amm Atln\v Ignn. B Fkv Fns\
t]msebp lnp kwLS\Isf Atlw CkvfmanI Cdmt\mSpw
Absm Jpssa\ntbmSpamWv D]anXv. Fm Absm
Jpssa\nv ment\mSmWv IqSpX kmayw F bmZmyw
Atlw IXmbn \Snn.
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 108
AklnjvWpfpw Xo{hhmZnIfpamb B LSIsf tXSn
Rm Fmbvtmgpw lnp kwLS\Ifntev t\mnsmncpp.
Cphtcbpw Rm Acmsc Isnbnn. Rm IXn
GdnbXv Hcp]t Cmans\Xnsc Hcw IS, aqbp
hnai\w \Sphsc am{XamWv. Hcp]t ISp `mjbn
BsWv ]dbmsan cpmepw AsXms Xopw
Xn ftbXmsWv ]dbm\pw h. ]{ Xam[ya
AXnitbmn]cambpw ]etmgpw Ir{XnaambpamWv Xo{hhmZ
Btcm]Ww lnp kwLS\IfpsS t\sc sXmSpncpXv. hfsc
kuayamb tkh\ a\nXntbmsS {]hnphcmbncpp
Ahbn ]eXpw. AXnt\mc]hmZsap ]dbmhpXv B Fkv
Fmbncpn adnv Ipdsms B{ImanI kz`mhw hp
]pep inhtk\bmbncpp. Fm Ah t]mepw s]mXpth
AhcpsS kwkv Imcsbpw ]mccysfbpw {]Xntcm[npI
am{XamWv sNbvXncpXv.
lnp hKobXsb Ipdnv am{Xta CUybnse amyav
]dbm\pq Fn, Ah bYm {]iv \n \nv hfsc
AIsebmsWmWv F\np tXmnbXv . kwL]cnhmdns\
AhcpsS t\XmtfmSpw aphn[nItfmSpw Xo{h \ne]mSpItfmSpw
IqsS apgphs\Spmepw, aXspdnp hoWfn
\nfpsS km[mcW {Inkv Xym\nsbmfpw apoant\mfpw
klnjv WpX DhcmWh. H {]hmNI\nepw H hnip
{Knepw hnizmknIv am{Xw ssZhcmPyhpw aphv
\cIhpw hn[np knmnepw AXv F{Xtbm t`Zw. Hcp
icmicn anj\dn t]mepw av aXfpsS Imcyw hcptm Ghpw
Dd B Fkv Fkv {]hIs\m F{Xtbm CSpnb
a\nXn ]peph\mWv.
hnFv]n, {]tXyInpw Atacnbn, aX]camb ]ckv]c
[mcWsb Dunbpdnm\mbn \nch[n t^md cq]oIcnnpv.
AhnsSsbmw {Inkv Xy CmanI PqX ]nXmsc hcpn
{]`mjW \Snmdpv. Fm Bob k{ZmbfptSbpw
s]mXphmb LSIsf DbnmWnm\mWv CXv sNpXv.
109 tUhnUv {^men
Hcnepw HcnSpw Hcp {InkvXy Asn Hcp apow {Kqv CXv
sNpIbn. A{Xbpw hnime a\kv Icmb BfpIsf CSpnb
aXauenI hmZnI Fp Nn{XoIcnpXv , lnp hncp
aphn[nIv Cu temIp kzm[o\sbmWv ImWnpXv.
av \nch[n aXtfbpw amKtfbpw AwKoIcnp lnp, kzw
]mccys cnpXn\v {ianpItbm, Xs aXw amm\p
{ias tNmZyw sNpItbm sNptm Ah hKobhmZnbmbn
ap{ZIpsSpp. Fm lnpsf \nccw aXw amm
{ ian pIbpw AhcpsS hn iz mksf { ]mIrXsapw
_lpssZhmcm[\sbpw ap{ ZIppIbpw sNp Hcp
{InkvXym\nsbtbm apkams\tbm shdpw aXhnizmknbmbn am{Xw
AwKoIcnpIbpw sNpp. Hcp kabv CUybn hv F\nv
tXmnbXv Hcm kzbw lnp Fp hnfnm am{Xw aXn Abm
Hcp aX auenIhmZnbmbn ap{ZIpsSm FmWv.
aXauenI hmZs Xncndnbm efnXamb Hcp envakv sSv
Rm ]dbmw. Hcpht\mSv \n tNmZn p t\mq
ssZhn sen tcm \n ch[n amKfpsv \n
hnizknpptm Fv ? Hcp {]tXyI aXtam, Hcp BNmcyt\m,
Hcp {Ktam Cmcynse Ahkm\ hmmsWv ]dbmtam ?
Cu temIn BymnI {]t_m[\fpsS kzX{amb
sshhnyw \ne\ntXt ? Hcp aXw asmhtcbpw aXw
amm {ianmtam ? Dcw Xcpbm Hscm aXw am{XamWv
kXyw Fv \njv jnpIbmsWn Abm aXauenI
hmZnbmWv. av amKtfbpw AwKoIcnm Xmdmhpsn
Abm Hcp auen IhmZn A. Cusbmcp ]cobpsS
ASnm\n lnpfmcpw, BFkv Fkv hnFv ]n {]hI
DssSbph aXauenIhmZnIfpsS Iqn hcn. Fm
CtX ]cobpsS ASnm\n {InkvXym\nIfpw apofpw
AhcpsS t\XmamcpssSbph adptNcnbnepw hcn.
B Fkv Fkn\v FXnscbp Ip{]NcW
ln p kmwkv Imcn I hn Ik\n Dun smp
hnZym`ymk kmaqlytkh\ {]h\fn apgpInbncnp Hcp
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 110
k tkh\ kwLS\bmWv B Fkv Fkv . AXn s
\ntXy\bp imJm aonpIfn AS ]cnioe\apv .
tZiobt_m[w DWepw ]XmIm h\hpapv. Fm ssk\nI
NnIsfmpan. kmwkvImcnIhpw aX]chpamb sshhnysf
AwKoIcnpsImp AXns `mcX tZiobXm kw Hpan
Atacn tZiob ktfmfpw hnimeamsWXmWv
bmYmYyw. PmXobamb thXncnhpI kwLnen. AwK
AhcpsS kmn I \n ehmcn s ASn m\n
hnebncpsSmdpan. XfpsS t\Xmsf kwLmwK
_lpam\nptmgpw, hyn{]`mhv {]mapJyw sImSpp
IpIv kwLw hgnsnn. hynIfpsS {]bXv \fpw
t\fpw GXmv Xopw AdnbsSmsX ISpt]mIpp.
kwLin F t_m[nemWv AXv {]hnpXv.
sskmnI {KqpI apX kvIqfpIfpw Bip]{XnIfpw
tbmKtI{fpw hscbp kwL_aptXm kwLm
m]n XambtXm Bb Ipsd m]\fpambn Rm
ksSpIbpmbn. Fmnepw kanXcmb \nch[n
{ ]hIcpw, hn ime hoWtmsSbp ]e
]cn]mSnIfpapmbncpp. FmbnSpw hnhn[ NnmKXnmcpsS
IqmbvaIfmWv ImWm IgnXv. ]mn \ne]mSv F Hcp km[\w
HcnSpw Ism Ignn. Hmtcm {Kqpw B Fkv Fkv
IpSpw_nse `mKambncnptm Xs amXr kwLS\bn
\np CSs]SepI CmsX kzw eyv thn
{]hnm\p kzmX{yw Ahbvsmapmbncpp.
hn Nmcn tem { ]hrn bn tem Fn \v Hcmfn s
thjhn[m\ntem t]mepw bmtXmcp Xcnepap thXncnhpI
Dmbncpn. Hcp tI{oIrX A[nImc {]tbmKtam, Hcp Bcm[\m
tI{tam GsXnepw Xcnep aSapntbm AhnsS F\nv
ImWm Ignn. tZis Dbm\pw P\sf klmbnm\pw
Dtin n p Fmn t\bpw B Fkv Fkv { KqpI
Dsmncpp. thZImew apX B[p\nI Imew hscbp
CUybnse almmtfbpw Ejnamtcbpw AXv BZcnncpp.
111 tUhnUv {^men
AXn _pamcpw, ssP\amcpw, knpImcpw Fn\v hnime
a\kvcmb apofpw Dsncpp.
kz man am apX \n coiz chmZn I hscbp hn hn [
aXhoWm kwLmwKfmbn Dmbncpp. KmnPnsb
iambn FXn ph apX Atls Atbw
am\n ph hscbp kwL { ]hIsc Rm
IpappIbpmbn. Iym]nenks iambn ]npWph
apX Gsdpsd tkmjyenpI Fp hnfnsSmhph hsc
AhnSbnepmbncpp. kwL hoWw kzX{ Nntbbpw
BcnI hnai\tbpw A\phZnncpp.
Ccw A\p`hfn \nv Hcp Imcyw F\nv hyambn.
CUy amya { ]hI AhcptSXmb Hcp `mh\m
temInemWv PohnpXv. CkvfmanI Xo{hhmZ kwLS\bmb
lamkv t]msebp ln p Xo{ hhmZ kwLS\I
Chn sSbpmbn cpsn Cu amyav AhcpsS
hnai\ \Sm Ignbpambncpn. Ah òjWntm
A{Iatm Hs CXn\Iw CcIfmIpambncpp. Hcp XncnSn
Dmhn F DdpXp sImmWv CUy ]{X{]hI
lnp kwLS\Isf \nccw Icnhmcn tXbvpXv. B Fkv
Fkv _ap Hcp kwLS\bpw Hscm hmmamyatbpw
Cv htcpw D]tcm[nnn.
amyafnqSn XpSbmbn \Snh Hcp Ip{]NcWw
B Fkv Fkv almm Kmnsb sImp FXmWv . CXn\v ImcWw
almm KmnbpsS LmXI\mb tKmUvsk HcpImev B Fkv
Fkn sdbpw AXpambn _s ln palmk`bptSbpw
AwKambn cpp FXmWv . Fm Cmcyn se Fm
Btcm]Wfn \npw B Fkv Fns\ tImSXn Xs
apamnbnpXmsWpw alm\mb CUy t\Xmhv {io
kZm ]t t]mepw Cmcyw AwKoIcnnpXmsWpw D
hkv XpXI Ah adp hp. tKmUv sk Hcp tIm{Kv
AwKhpambncpp F Imcyhpw Hcnepw ]cmainsn.
tKmUvsk B Fkv Fkv hnXp Xs AXns kao]\w hfsc
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 112
arZphmWv F ImcWw ]dmbncpp F Imcyhpw Hcnepw
N sNsn . Fs\bmWv Ccw h\m]camb
Zpjv { ]NcW Adn hn m hmb\mcn tev
sNeppsXXv Rm Idnp. Ahbn ]eXpw hyamb
ZpempItfmsS {]Ncnn ]fmbncpp. Ccw
hnjbfn cm{obmcpsS AgnaXnbpw, Zpjv {]NcWhpw,
amyafpsS IpnncnpIfpw AtacnbnteXnt\m hfsc
IqSpXemWv CUybn.
AXpt]msebp asmcp Ip{]NcWamWv B Fkv Fkv
{]hI \mkn A\p`mhnIfmWv FXv. hnhImcnbmbncp
kmhdn s Hcp ktlmZc\pw B Fkv Fkn se
tKmhmcns A\pbmbnbpambncp Hcm cmw temI
almbpn \p apv apXpIfpsS HSphn Pa\n sb
]pIgvnsmv Nne {]kvXmh\I \Snbncpp. B Fkv
Fkv hoWamWv Fan AXns\ Ctmgpw {]Ncnnp
sImn cn pp. Amev Acw hoW
km[mcWambncpp FXpw tkmhnbv bqWnb t]mepw
lnvedpambn Hcp A\m{IaW kn Hnncpp FXpw ]mtS adp
hbvsp.
Pa\n sXn sc bpn CUy { _n ojpImtcmSv
tNcWsapw lnp AXn\pthn {_nojv ssk\yn
tNcWsapw hmZn Bfmbn cpp kmh. Fm
almmKmn bp]cn]mSnsb FXnpIbpw Iznv CUy
{ ]tm`w Bcw`n pIbpamWv sNbv XsX Imcyw ]msS
hnkv acnsp. \n`mKyhim Hpant]pw {]tXyInpw
]mmXyv CUysbn hfscpdv Adnhpam{Xta Dq.
AXpsImv Ccw hnImc]camb Imcysf D]tbmKnv Ahsc
hnm kmyamWv. AsXms t]ms. BmWv \mknItfmSv
t{]aw ? {InkvXy apow amIvknv kwLfmWv {]NcWn\p
thn Ccw IYI sa\sSppXv.
ln p awKf kqNIamb kz kv Xn I Nn s
]ccmKXambn D]tbmKnpIbpw Xsf Bcyamscv
113 tUhnUv {^men
hnfnpIbpw sNpp. _pmcpw ssP\amcpw Cmcyw
sNppv . Cu cp hmpItfbpw hfsmSn
\mkn Isfn bp bqtdm]ycpsS A\p`hsf Ah
Hmnnpp.
]mmXycpsS a\pIfn Bgn apdn thn
\mknIfpsS DZmlcWw \n`mKyhim, Ahscsmv lnp
cm{obtbpw kwib ZrntbmsS t\mm ImcWamnbnpv.
Fm \mknI {Inkv Xy B[n]Xyap kaqlambncpp!
Hscm lnpt]mepw AhnSbn Dmbncpn!
Ah lnp kzkv XnI Inv AXns\ ^mknkhpambn
_sSppp. Xp òjWnbmhpsav ImWp GXv
lnp \thmYm\ {]m\tfbpw \mknIsfnbp Cu Dmn
ImWnv XmdSnm\mWv CUy CSXp]m {ianXv .
XfpsS Nne Nnsf \mknI Zpcp]tbmKsSpn F
ImcWw sImv kam[m\{]nbcpw klnjvWpfpamb lnp
Xo{hhmZnIfmb \mknItfmSv D]ansXv Hcp henb
{]lk\amWv! Fm lnvetcmSv am{Xw XmcXaysSpm
Ignbp ment\bpw amthmtbbpw CUy amIv knpI
Ctmgpw Bcm[npIbpw sNpp. hnNn{Xsap ]dbs
CUybn Ah P\m[n]XyhmZnIfpw atXXcmcpambnmWv
FsSpXv!
PmXnhyhsb Ipdnv
B[p\nI lnpaXn\v t\cntSn hcp Ghpw henb
{]iv \w PmXnhyhbmWv . lnpaXw PmXnhyXymkns Hcp
aXambnmWv Nn{XoIcnsSpXv . PmXnhyhbn Hcmfns
hyn]camb tbmKyXIf, adnv P\n IpeamWv {][m\ambn
IWn seSppXv . Cu PmXn hn cp hn ImcsbmWv
{]NcWneqsS lnphncp hnImcamn amnsbSppXv. CSXp
cm{obmtcm, apotfm, {InkvXym\nItfm Bbntms Hcm
lnpaXspdnv ]dm, tbmKtbm, thZmtam, AXns
]nnep kmheuInI Zi\tam Hpa, PmXnbmWv AXn
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 114
Du sImSpsSp Htc Hcp Imcyw. PmXn bmsX
lnpaXn asmpw C Fan.
]ccmKX sslh kaqlnse \mev hn`mKsfbmWv
PmXn Asn hw FXpsImv hnhnpXv. ]ptcmlnX
hKamb {_mW, `cW hKamb {Xnb, IhSmcmb
sshiy, tkhIcmb iq{Z. bYmYn CXv ]ptcmlnX,
{ Xn b, s]mXpkaqlw F aqp hn `mKfmbp
hn`P\ambncpp. sshiy F IhSmcpsS h\maw
DSseSpXv 'hniv ' F [mXphn \nmWv . AXns Aw
s]mXpP\ FmWv. sshiysc Xs icnp IhSm
Fpw Irjnm Fpw hn`Pnncpp. Cu \mev hn`mKv
]pdsa Amas Hcp hn `mKs kn { iPmXn bmbn
IWmnbncpp. CtXt]mep kmaqly hyhnXnI
{ ]mNo\Imepw, ayImepw ]e kwkv Imcfn epw
\n e\n n cpp. DZmlcWn \v bqtdmn se ]ptcmln X,
cmPhwi, IhSm, km[mcWm Asn Irjnm
F hn`P\w. Cs B[p\nI temIn PmXn Hcp ]nncn
hyhnXnbmbn ImWsSpsnepw kmaqlyhpw ùXnIhpamb
As kmlNcyfn AXv Bhiyambncpncnmw.
CUybnse Cu PmXnhyh AbhnmXmbncpn.
AXn Db A\phZnsncpp. kv {XoIv PmXnbn
Dbhsc hn hmlw Ign m Ign bpambn cpp. Acw
hnhmlfnse IpnI As PmXnbn ]cnKWnsncpp.
AXpt]mse Hcp {_mW Hcp IhSmc\mIpXp t]mse
A{_mWcpsS sXmgn kzoIcnm PmXn amw Xmtgpw
kw`hnncpp. thZ ImeLn Ignhp hynIv
PmXnt{iWnbn apIfntev Ibdm\pw Ignncpp. Fmn\pap]cn
lnpaXn Hcp k\ymknbmbn Xocm Hcph Fmcw PmXn
Nntfbpw Dt]ntXpv.
ln pkaqln se h hyh bqtdm]y h
hyhbn \nv hfsc hyXyamWv . {_mW Asn
]ptcmlnX hKw efnX PohnXw \bnm Dtinshcmbncpp.
115 tUhnUv {^men
Ahv [\tam A[nImctam kmmZnp Iqm Ignbpambncpn.
AXn\v A]hmZambnpmbncpXv cmPmhns\ tkhnncp
{_mW am{Xambncpp. Ah ]etmgpw cm{ob Imcyfnepw
\nba Imcyfnepw cmPmhns D]tZiIcmbn hnncpp.
Ahv ]etmgpw t{ Xtfm KpcpIpetfm Hs
m]npXn\mbn henb tXmXn `qanbpw apw Innbncpp.
\n`mKyhim Ahcn ]ecpw kapZmb acymZIfn \nv
Xmtgv ]Xnv `qhpSaIsf t]mse Pohnp. Ipdp {_mW
{XnbcpsS m\tasSpv cmPmmcpw Bbnpv. CXmIs
{ Xn b AhcpsS Ihyn ]cmPbsSptm
A\phZnsncp A]hmZambncpp.
Fm { Kman se icmicn { _mW Asn
t{X]ptcmlnX \mfnp hsc Hcp Zcn{Z ]nX, Asn
BNmcy, Asn ]qPmcn F \nebn hfsc sNdnsbmcp
{]Xnêw ]nsmv kaql tkh\w \Sp Bfmbn XpScpp.
ZntWybnse t{X]ptcmlnX Cv Ghpw ]mhshcpsS
Iqn s]hcmWv.
{_mW km[pfmb Iogv PmXnmsc ASnap
{ Iqcamcmb Pn amcmsWp amIv kn v Ip{ ]NcWw
AkXy]qWamb Hcp AXnitbmnbmWv. CUybnse `qcn]w
`qhpSaIfpw {_mWc. ImcWw AXv AhcpsS ]mccy
Poht\m]m[nbmbncpn. ayIme bqtdmnse Hcp icmicn
Irjn mc Hcp ]ptcmln X\mhm F{ XIv
B{KlnnpmIptam A{Xt]mepw Ames CUybnse av
kapZmb {_mWcmhm B{Klnnn. iamcmbncp
{Xnbcpw [\nIcmbncp sshiycpambncpp kaqlnse
{][m\nI.
Fs Hcp ]mmXy kplrv BZyambn CUybntev
hXv Rm Hmpp, [\n Icmb CUympthn
t]mam etKPpI NpapXv Inv Atlw FtmSp
hnhcnXv "Fs\bmWv Ctmgpw {_mW ]mhsf XfpsS
tkhIcmbn D]tbmKnpXv " FmWv . Atlw Hcp CSXp
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 116
]mc\mbncpn. Fnepw {_mW hncp {]NcWm
kz [o\n sn cp Atlw B [\n I apgph\pw
{_mWcmsWpw, Cu [\w AhcpsS PmXnalna sImv
e`nXmsWpamWv hnizknXv. Fm AX hmkvXhw. Cu
sXv Rm Nqn mWn tm Atlw hfsc
AZv`pXsSpIbpmbn.
AXpt]mse hfscb[n Iw sXn cn n s HmWv
sXmpIqSmbva. HcneXv Alnwkbn A[njvTnXamb kmaqly
]cnipnbpambn _s Hmbncpp. amwktam AXpt]mep
ipnbnm Blmctfm ]mNIw sNbvX ]m{Xfn Blmcw
Ignm {_mWv Ignbnmbncpp. CXv A{_mWtcmSv
tNp klt`mP\n\p s]mXphnembn ]cnWanp.
{]tXyInpw Aipamb PohnX hrnIfn Gsncp
IimpIm XpSnbhcpsS Imcyn. ]noSnXv Acw
BfpItfmSp CSs]Sen\pw hnembn Xop.
]cn ipn pthn bp AXn cphn Xz cbmWv
sXmpIqSmbvabntev FnXv. DZmlcWn\v aZyimeIfnepw
k{Xfnepw Hs {]hrnphtcmSp CSs]S Hcp
k\ymknbpsS ]cnipnv hnLmXambn IWmnbncpp.
CS]gIen\p Cu hnepI sZu`mKyhim AXncphn
\n esb ssIhcn v ln p kaqln \v Hcp im]ambn
XocpIbmWpmbXv. bqtdmnse Ipeo\cmb kaqlw IrjnmtcmSv
CS]gImXpw GXmv CtXt]mse Xsbmbncpp.
Cs `mcXn Cu ]d t]mep h k{Zmbw
\nehnen. `qcn]w {_mWcpw Cv AhcpsS ]ccmKX
sXmgnemb t{X]qPbpw apw sNpn. AhcpsS IpSpw_fn
\ hn Zym`ymkn \mWv Du sImSppXv . av
PmXn In Sbn epw CXv kXyamWv . `qcn ]w {Xn bcpw
t]meokntem, ]mfntem Khsadv khokntem Hpa
FpXv . AtXkabw ]e iq{Zhn`mKfpw kmnIambn
hfsc ]ptcmKannpv . {]tXyInpw ZntWybn. Fm
Zcn{Zcpw sXmpIqSmhcpamb P\hn`mK Ctmgpw ]gb
117 tUhnUv {^men
nXnbn XsbmWv. kmaqlyamb aphn[nIfpw Db P\\
\n cpw Fmw tNv Ahsc Xfn bn cn pp.
temInsepsa t]mse CUybnse hnZymknSbnepw
IpnI Ipdhmbncnptm hnZym`ymkw IpdhnSbn AXv
IqSpXemWv . AXpsImv PmXn { ]iv \w bZmYn
hnZym`ymkpdhntdbpw P\scpntdbpw IqSn {]iv\amWv.
AXn s\ t\cn Sm\p Ghpw \ hgn Cu { ]iv \sf
]cnlcnemWv. AmsX PmXnkv] hfe.
B[p\n I CUy htfmtfsd IpSpw_sf
smpw PmXnIsfsmpamWv hn`PnsncnpXv . ]e
IpSpw_fpw, kapZmbfpw, {]mtZinI {KqpIfpw XfpsS
{ ]tXyI Xmcysf tZiob XmXv ]cypw aosX
t\SnsbSpm {ianpp. Cu {]Xn`mkw XpSnbXv s\{lp
IpSpw_n \n mWv . cmPyw `cn m\p AhImiw
]ccmKXambn ssIempIbpw AtXkabw Xpthn
]Whpw A[nImchpw IppIqpIbpw sNbv XpsImv Hcp
cmPIpSpw_w t]mse Ah hnpp. Ccw IpSpw_
Xm]cyfpw, {]tXyI kwhcWn\mbn ]e kapZmbfpsS
t]cn \Sp hn et]iepIfpamWv Cv CUybn
{]hnp {]mtZinI ]mnIfpsS FqSpXen\v ImcWw.
Cu hn`P\ at\m`mhamWv , AmsX thZfnse hf
bYm { ]iv \w. CXv tZiob GIXsbpdn p Fm
`mh\Itfbpw \innpp. kmcn\pta AhnlnXamb
kzm[o\w sNepnsmv XfpsS hynXmcyp
thn apXseSpv \Sm P\sf t{]cnnpIbpw sNpp.
tdmb GjnbmnIv skmsskn
Rm t_mws_bnse tdmb GjnbmnIv skmssknbn
kwkmcn Imcyw {]tXyIambn Hmpp. Hcp lnp hmcnIbmb
' hn thIv ' se kplrpfmbn cpp AXv kwLSn n Xv .
`mcXtbpw AXns sshZnI kwkv Imcsbpw B[p\nI
ImeLn AXv ]p\cpohnntXns BhiyIXtbbpw
Hs IpdnmWv Rm\hnsS kwkmcnXv. kamPw F{Xam{XamWv
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 118
amIvknpIv IogvsncnpXv Fp B Nbn \np
F\nv a\nembn. tNmZtymc thfbn thZnbnepmbncp
Hcp {]apJ h\nX, I knms DbnpIbpmbn. Xmgv
PmXnmsc NqjWw sNpXn\p thn {_mW BhnjvIcn
Hcp I]S knmat AXv ? Ah tNmZnp.
AhcpsS Cu {]kvXmh\ Fs AZv`pXsSpn. hnZym`ymkw
t\Snb `mcXnse GsXnepw Hcp hyn Cs\ tNmZnpsaXv
F\nv hfsc AXnibIcambn tXmn. `mcXnse hnZymk
Fp ]dbsSph sslh BymnIXbpambn _s
Fns\bpw kwib ZrntbmsS am{Xw t\mp hn[n
]mmXyhcnsSpIbpw kzw kwkvmcn \nv AIv
t]mIpIbpw sNbvXncnpIbmsWv Rm a\nemn.
Adp]XpIfnse Atacnbn \npw h kmwkv ImcnI
]mcns _mn]{XambnmWv asmcp {]apJ hyn Fs
ImWm {ianXv . thZsf {]Ionp sImp Fs
{]kwKnse {]kv Xmh\Itfm, AXn\v kZn \nv Innb
A\pIqe { ]Xn IcWtfm Hs Atls
Akz\mpXmbn Rm Ip. ]mmXy temItv ISp
sNp `mcXob Kpcpm shdpw [\tamlw sImpam{XamWv
AXv sNpsXpw, Fs t]msebph Hcp ]t \
DtitmsS Bbncnmsanepw hnhctSv sImmWv CXn\v
]pdtI \SpsXpw Atlw ]dp.
{io Achns\bpw, kzman hnthIm\s\bpw t]mep
`mcXob a\ojnIfpsS apn amIvkns\ t]mep NnI shdpw
Ipam am{XamsWpw, Ccw Fm ]mmXy NnIscbpw
HnsSpmepw AhcpsS a\ns Hcp tImWn HXpm
am{Xta XnIbpq Fpw Rm ]dp. AXv kXyamWv Xm\pw.
Hcp `mcXob\v Cu kXyn A`nam\w tXmpXn\v ]Icw
FpsImmWv amIv kn t\mSpw Atln s
A\pbmbn ItfmSpw A\p`mhw tXmpXv FpXv Hcp
{]tlfnIbmWv . Fm AXv ChnsS kh km[mcWhpamWv .
CUymv amIv knt\mSv Hcp {]tXyI ]cnKW\bpsv ]noSv
119 tUhnUv {^men
Btcm FtmSv ]dp. s]mXpthZn Ifn amIv kn s\
hnainpXv \mbncnn Fpw kqNnnp. Rm ]noSpw
Acw \n ch[n { ]kwK \Sn . AtX amXn cn bp
{]XnIcW ImWpIbpw sNbvXp.
XncnsI CdpaXn sNtn hcp Ah
s]mXpth `mcXn se Fs {]kwK ]cn ]mSn Iv
Dujvafamb kzoIcWfpw A\pIqeamb {]XnIcWfpw hfsc
XXv]ccmb kZkyscbpw BWv InnbXv. Cu lnp kZkytcmSv
kwthZnm ]nb hmpIpw Bibpw thn
XpSn F\nv ]ctXn hnpv . Fs Cwojpw
Atacn DmcWhpsams Ahv a\nemhptam Fp
BiIsfms F\npmbncpp. Fm `qcn]n\pw
Rm ]dbpXv a\nemIppsv Rm Isn. thKw Xs
F\nv CUy kZpIfn {]bmkw IqSmsX kwkmcnm
]psambn. Xsbpa sshZnI hnjbfn ]cnanXamb
XmXv ]cyw am{ Xap Atacn kZkytcmSv
kwthZnpXns\m Ffphpambn F\nv tXmn.
t_mws_bnse Hcp kZn hv Hcm Hcn hfsc
{][m\s Hcp Imcyw {]mhnp tIm\nSbmbn. Atlw
]dp "hopw CdpaXn sNbv X Imcysf am{Xta R
CUym hneaXnmdpq". lnpaX hnjbsfpdnv hfsc
]Tn AXoh tbmKy\mb Hcp ]ccmKX lnp ]dbpXnt\mfpw
Hcp ]mmXy ]dbp A`n { ]mbsfbmWv IqSpX
KuchtmsS ImWpsXXv F\n v ]etmgpw hfsc
AXnibIcambn tXmmdpv . Hcp ]mmXy ]dbpXns\
\n jv ]amb A`n { ]mbsa \n ebn ]cn KWn m
Xmdmhptm, hkv Xp\njv Tsancpmepw Hcp ]ccmKX
lnphns A`n{]mb A{Xbpw am\nsSmdn.
hmkv Xhn adnmWv kXyw. ]mmXy ]etmgpw
cm{obhpw aX]chpw IhS]chpamb ]e XmXv ]cyfpsS
ASn m\n embn cn pw kao]n pIsbXv ]etmgpw
Xn cn dn bsSpn . ]e ln pfpw AhcpsS kz w
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 120
]mccyspdn pw, ]mmXy kwkv Imcn s
]cnanXnIsfpdnpw hkvXp\njvTambn a\nemnbnpv. CXv
{]tXyInpw ZnW `mcXnse AZsszX thZmnIfmb
kzmanamcpsS Imcyn kXyamWv . Ahcn ]ecn \npw
Cs Cu temI hyhnXnsbpdnv hfsc Bgtadnb
hniIe\ Rm tInpv. Fnepw Cv ]mmXycpsS CSbn
\nv Bscnepw thZ hnm\s {]Ncnnm aptmv hcpXv
B[p\nI lnpfn {]tXyIamb Hcp kz[o\w sNeppp.
ImcWw kmwkvImcnIamb GsXmcp ]pXnb ]cnjvImcn\pw Ah
]SnmtdmWv t\mpXv. ]uckvXy ]mccy temIv
\n e\n Ww Fm{ Kln p ]mmXy CXv sNm
IqSpXembn aptmv htcnbncnpp.
CUybn Pohnp A\h[n ]mmXy Ctm Xs
Ccw {]h\fn hym]rXcmWv. {]tXyInpw {io Achns
{^mkn \np injyam. {^mtmbnkv Kpbn, ssa
Um\nt\m XpSnbh lnp [w DWsgpttXns
BhiyIXsb Nqnmn Nntmo]Iamb ]pkv XIfpw
teJ\fpw FgpXnbnpv. Fs A`n{]mb lnp B`napJyw
]pephbmsWmWv ]mmXycmb Nne tbmK hnZymYnI
InpXv . Fm CUybn Pohnp ]mmXyv ,
{]tXyInpw aX]camb Imcyfn {]hnphv As\
A`n{]mban. ChnSs CSXp] {]NcWsbpw anjWdn
ISpIbsbpw am[yafpsS hfsmSnepIsfbpw Hs
t\cnv ImWphcmWh. Cu B[p\nI kmwkvImcnI bpn
ln p kaqln s t\v \SpsImn cn p
AklnjvWpfpw ùXnI hmZnIfpamb inIfpsS \nccamb
ISpIbw Ah kzw IpI sImv Xs ChnsS
ImWpIbmWv.
lnp AymnIXbv v thn kaW _pntbmsS
{ ]hn p ]mmXy kz man amcpsS DZmlcW
CcpWn lnpfpsS Bhnizmkw DWm hfsc
{]tbmP\IcamWv . lnp [s {]Xntcm[np Fs
{]h\fn Fs t{]mmlnn CUybnse Acw Hcp
121 tUhnUv {^men
]mmXy ]nX\mbncpp kzman kXym\. kvs]bnImc\mb
Atlw kzman apIv !Xm\bpsS injyXznemWv kzmanbmbXv .
]noSv Atlw caWm{ian PohnpsImv hfsc hj
X]p sNbv Xp. Atlw CUy apgph\pw Xn _n se
ssIemknepw XoYmS\w \SpIbpw sNbvXp. Ctm Atlw
Hcp alm Ejnsb t]mse ImWsSpp. CXv ImWnpXv \ncc
]cn{ianeqsS ]mmXyv t]mepw Db tbmK \nesb
ssIhcnmsapXmWv.
lnp [s DbnnSnp Fs {]h\s
t{]mmlnnpXv kzman kXym\ XpSp sImncpp.
Ftmsgmw F\nv kzbw Fs hoW HstXm
XovWtam BsWv tXmptam, Atmsgmw Rm Atls
t]msebp hynIfpsS ]npWsbn Hmncpp. Rm\pw
]etmgpw Hcp kymkn BhpXns\pdnv Nnnnpv. Fm
XXv mew AXpth Fp Xocpam\npIbmbncpp. ImcWw
cm{obhpw _unIhpamb taJeIfnse Fs A`n{]mb
{]IS\n\v IqSpX kzmXyw F\nntm thWw. Hcp
k\ymknv Acw Imcy Xs ]cn[nv ]pdmWv.
A{X \hcm Nne lnp
lnp [tmSp Fs BZchv Hcnepw Xopw
hnai\ clnXtam lnp kaqltmSv apgph\pambnptXm
Bbncpn. ap ]eImcyfn \hcpw Dmgvbphcpamb
Nnecnsenepw Nnetmsgmw Rm {]Xntema hmk\Ifpw hynXz
ZpKpWfpw Ip. ]etmgpw lnp XsbmWv AhcpsS
Ghpw henb i{Xpfmbn ImWsXv. Ffpw ]Wapmm\p
hgnI ]mmXy sImSpp. AymnIXbpsS taen AWnv
AhcXns\ ]camh[n D]tbmKsSppIbpw sNbvXp.
Bhnai\n\v XmdmImsX kzbw AymnIscpw
XXz Zin Isfpw `mh\sNbv X Nn e ln p XfpsS
am\pjn Iamb Av hgn pt]n p. Ah XfpsS
FXn cmfn Isfv tXmn bhscpdn v { ]Xn tema]camb
]cZqjWfnepw A]Ion {]NcWfnepw apgpIn, Nnetm
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 122
kzw \nev hfcm {ian injyamtcmSp t]mepw Cs\
sNbvXp. kzbw Hcp Kpcphmbn Ahtcm[nv kzw {]hrnIsf
hnai\n\v AXoXamm\pw, kzbw ]ptcmKanpXn\v ]Icw
aphcpsS IpdhpIfntev {i XncnphnSm\pw Hs FfpamWv.
Fm icnbmb lnp amKw B ]cntim[\bpsSXmWv. AXn
aphcpsS Ipfntev hnai\ Zrn ]mbnpXn\v apv
\psS IpdhpIsf ]cnlcnWw. AXpt]mse aphcpsS
hyn Xz n e A]mIXI. Zn hyhpw ]cn iphpambn
FmPohPmefnepw Hcpt]mse {]Iminp Bmhns
ssNX\ys adpIfbp hnizmk {]amWfnse sXmWv \mw
NqnmWntXv .
lnp [tmSp Fs BZchv Hcnepw Atam,
GsXnepw hyymcm[\bpsS êtam Bbncpn. Hcp Xpd
amKw F \nebvv lnpaXn Ipsd {]Xymim \n`camb
`mh\IpssS Fmn\pw m\apv. AXnse Ghpw henb
Imcyw kzXzamWv, AXmbXv icnbmb hyn. AXns\ Hcnepw
_mlyamb Hcp A[nImc tI{n\pw, Bibn\pw, hnImcn\pw,
`mh\bvpw Hpw hnt[bsSpm ]mSn.
hmatZh imkv{Xnbmhpp
Rm km{ZmbnIambn Xs lnphmIpXns\ Ipdnp
Bibw 1991 tUm hjv T Fs apn hp. FpsImv
BbnqSm ? Rm Nnnp. Ign Ccp]Xv hjfmbn Rm
Cu k{Zmbw ]npScpIbpw AXn\p thn {]hnpIbpw
sNbvXp hcppmbncpp. AsXs {][m\ BymnI ]mXbpw
PohnX coXnbpambn Ignncpp. ]mmXy temIns karn
Iv hymtamln Xcmbn {In kv Xym\n Ifmbn amdn b \n ch[n
lnpsfpdnv Rm Nnnp. Hcp {InkvXym\n lnphmIpXv
At\Iw ln pv \Xmbn cn pw. Ahv kz w
aXk{Zmbn IqSpX Bhnizmkw hfm AXv
klmbnpsav F\np tXmn.
lnp [tmSp Fs BZchv {]ISnnpsImv
FpsImv Hu]Nmcn Iambn Xs AXn t\mSp _w
123 tUhnUv {^men
m]npIqSm ? hyn]cambn henb Hu]NmcnIXI Hpw
CsSm, NSpIfn \nsms Hgnp \np HcmfmWv
Rm. _mlyamb {]IS\fpw Rm HgnhmmdmWv ]Xnhv . Fm
Cu Imcyw sNWsa Imcyn hfscsbmpw BtemNntn
hn . Rm ISp t]mb Bcn I ]cn h\sf
{]Xnênnp Xcnep Hcp ]pXnb sFsUdnnbpsS
hgnbpambncpp AXv.
Rm BcnIambn Hcp lnphmbngnncncp nXnv
_mlyamb NSpIfpsS Bhiyan, Fm Acw Hcp
{]hrn lnpkaqln hepXmbn hneaXnsSpw. tUm hjvT
A`n{]mbsp. F\nXv a\nembn. B NSn\v ]dbp t]cv
' ipn ' FmWv . AXv hfsc sNdpXpw efn Xhpamb Hcp
NSmbncpp. km{ZmbnI coXnbnep Hcp ]qPbpw, Hcp
Ipw`m`ntjIhpw.
BcykamPhpambn _apmbncp apw_bnse akq
B{ian hmbncpp AXv \SnbXv. AhnsS Hcp Xcnep
aX{]kwKhpapmbn. òjWnItfm hmKv Zm\tfm C. Hcp
{]tXyI tZhmebn t]mImsatm Hcp {]tXyI amKn
{]hnpsImmsatm D {]XnIfpsampw Dmbn.
[ns amKw ]npScmsap Hcp hmKvZm\w am{Xw.
B ]cn]mSn kwLSnnXv tUm hjv TbmsWn, akq
B{ians A[n] AhZqXv imkv{XnbmWv ]qP \nhlnXv.
Atlns ktlmZc {_Nmcn hniz\mYv hn Fv ]n bpsS
m]Icn Hcmfmbncpp. sshZnI Ejnbmb hmatZh KuXas\
kvacnpsImv Rm hmatZh F t] kzoIcnp. imkv{Xn
F t]cv AhZqX imkv{Xnbn \npamWv hXv.
D]\njp ]TnptmgmWv Rm hmatZh F t]cv
BZyambn {inXv. _rlZmcWytIm]\njn Ejn hmatZhs\
DcnmWv 'Alw {_mkvan' (Rm {_amIpp, AYhm Rm
Cuizc\mIpp) F almhmIyw ]dbpXv. "Rm a\phmbncpp,
Rm kqcy\mbn" (4 26) Fv EtKzZn hmatZh ]dbp
`mKs NqnmWnp sImmWv CXp ]dnpXv.
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 124
AbpsS K`]m{Xn hp Xs thZ ]Tn
hmatZhs\ Ipdn v sFXtcb D]\n jpw ]dbppv .
EtKzZnep hmatZhs asmcp {]kv Xmh\ AhnsSbpw
DcnsSppv. "Rm Fs AbpsS K`nencnptm
Xs Fm tZhmcpsSbpw Paclkyw Adnp" (427)
BZyambn F\nv BcnImw hyambn Innb EtKzZ
tmI hmatZhs ]p{X\mb _rlZpIsdXmbncpp.
]nsbpXv EtKzZw \memw ]pkvXInse hmatZhs Xs
tmIfmbncpp. {]tXyInv AKv\ntbmSpw C{t\mSpw apaph.
{io Achn\pw Ahsb {]tXyIw _lpam\nncpp.
hmatZh Akm[mcWXzap Ejnbmbncpp. Atlns
Pw ApXIcambncpp. hmatZh\pw Atlns KuXa
tKm{Xhpw _olm t\m {]tZip hntZl cmPyhpambn
_sXmWv. AhnsS \nmWv koXbpw cmPjnbmb P\I\pw
hnpXv . _rlZmcWyIw t]mep ]e D]\njpIfpw
Amh{IKoX t]mep AZsszX {Kfpw B {]tZihpambn
_aphbmWv.
`qantZhnbmbn knpsImv koXsb ]n BZyambn
]dbpXv hmatZhs EtKzZ kwlnXbnemWv (457). BbpthZhpw
TPymXn jhpw DssSbp ]e XXtz m]tZifpw
\IsncnpXv tImkense ]ptcmlnX\mb hknjvT\pw
sXmSp hntZlnse ]ptcmlnX\mb hmatZh\pw Xnep
kwhmZns cq]nemWv.
hmatZh FXv sshZnI ssZhamb C{s t]cpIfn
HmWv. Xs kucyw AYhm Zb temIn\mbn sImSpp
kqcysdbpw t]cmWv CXv . ]n oSv `Khm in hs
hSpZnibntep apJn\pw Cu t]cv hp. CsXmcp
{][m\sXpw ihpw A[nIamcpw D]tbmKnmXpamb
t]cmWv.
Cu NSn eqsS Rm ln p kaqln se Hcmfmbn
kzoIcnsp. Fs {]hrnbn Rms\mcp {_mW\mbncpp.
Fm _unI Xen aX]chpw, cm{obhpw kmaqlyhpamb
125 tUhnUv {^men
hnjbsf ssIImcyw sNp Rm HcYn Hcp {Xnb\pw
IqSnbmbncpp. Hcp _unI tbmmhv.
thZmn, sshZnI, lnp
Hcp lnphmbn D Hu]NmcnIamb amw Fs BcnI
]cnh\fnse aqmas Xeambncpp. BZyw thZmnbpw
]ns ip sshZnI\pambXn\v tijambncpp Cu \ow. Acw
Hcp kw`hn \v hfscsbmpw DZmlcW apv
tInpmbncpn. sshZnItam thZm]ctam Bb amK
Ahew_nphscm F{XtbmaSmWv AXn cnepw
s]Sm lnpfpsS Fw. Hcp]t ]mmXycn hfsc Ipdv
t] am{Xta Cu kao]\w kzoIcnnpmhpIbpp. ]npScm
asmcp DZmlcWhpw Cm Cmcyn Rm Hcp ]pXnb ]mX
XpdpXmbn tXmn. Hcp]t Rm sNbv XpsImncp
Imcyfnse ]pXpa sImmhmw CUybn AXv hfsc XmXv]cyw
P\nnp. ]ebnSp \npw F\nv ]npW Inn.
thZfnepw thZmnepw Rm Isnb AtX
kmheuInIXzw lnp kwkv Imcns asm taJeIfnepw
sNsnbnpsv {ItaW Rm a\nemn. lnp FXv
CSpnbtXm Bt]mltam Bb Hcp kwb adnv k\mX\
[ns AYhm Fmmetpap kXyZi\ns
B[p\nI \maamWv. ]pXpbpKn BtKmf BymnIXbpsS
tI{_np DWsgptp Cu lnp [amWv Fp Rm
Ip.
kmlnXy {]h\w
Rm ]Tnm CShnp hnjbsfpdnsmw AXv
IhnX, XXzZi\w, NnInm ]Xn Asn TPymXnjw
FpamIs Ahsbpdnsmw Rm FgpXnbnpv. AXpsImv
lnpaXw t\cnSp shphnfnIsfpdnv teJ\fpsS Hcp ]cc
FgpXm tUm hjv T Fs t{ ]mmln n tm Rm
AZv`pXsn. ]e ]mmXypw Innbnnm ASpdnhv Cu
hnjbspdnv F\nv Innbncpp. 1989 Atlns
A`yY\sb am\nv Rm teJ\fpsS Hcp ]cc Xs FgpXn.
Chbn Ghpw {itbambXv "DWcq APp\m" F t]cn B
hjmhkm\w lnphniz F t]cnep hnizlnp]cnjns
hmcnIbpsS Ccp]mw hmjnI ]Xnn FgpXnb sNdnb
teJ\ambncpp.
Atacnbnepw Cu coXn hfp hp. 1991 'CUy ssSwkv'
F sNdnb CtmAtacn {]knoIcWn\p thn Rm
\nch[n teJ\ FgpXn. 'Bcy A[n\nthiw F anYy' F
Hcp sNdp teJ\ambncpp AXn BZytXv. XmaknbmsX Fs
teJ\ '\yqkv CUy ssSwkv', 'CUy t]mv' XpSnb ]e
Ctm Atacn ]{Xfnepw {]Xysp. 'CUy shv '
XpSnb thsd Nne CtmAtacn {]knoIcW Fs
]pkvXIsfpdnv A\pIqeamb dnhyqI FgpXn.
AXn\ptijw XmaknbmsX Rm B Fkv Fkns
CUybnse Cwojv {]knoIcWamb 'HmKss\k' \p thn
teJ\ FgpXm XpSpIbpw AXn se Hcp n cw
FgppImc\mhpIbpw sNbvXp. {ItaW Rm CUybnse ap]e
{]knoIcWp thnbpw FgpXn. Hcp lnp FgppImc
F \nep Fs IcwKn\v Cs\bmWv XpSanXv.
Rm\sXmcnepw ap Iqn m sNbvXncpn. AXn\v kmnI
{]Xnêsampw Dtinncppan.
thmbvkv Hm^v CUybnse cmw kzcq]pw koXmdmw tKmbepw
Ccp]Xmw \qmns cmw ]IpXnbnse lnp[ns
Hcp]t Ghpw {]K`\pw i\pamb FgppImc {io cmw
kzcq]msWv ]dbmw. lnpaXsbpw apaXtfmSp AXns
_sfbpw ]n hfsc \ ]T\ {K ]pdndnb
'thmbvkv Hm^v CUy' F sNdnb ]pkvXI {]km[I I\nbpsS
{]tNmZ\ in Atlambncpp.
lnp [s {]Xntcm[npsImv FgpXsnpXn hv
Hcp ]t Fmesbpw anI ]pkv XIfpsS Hcp ]cc
{ ]kn oIcn Xv thmbn kv Hm^v CUy Bbn cpp.
BFkv Fkns\bpw BcykamPtbpw t]msebp henb
kwLS\Iv t]mepw C{Xbpw hniZhpw DmgvNbpXpamb
]pkv XI { ]kn oIcn m Ign n n . ln p
aXspdnp ]e {]knoIcWfpw sNpXpt]mse
thmbnkv Hm^v CUy Hcp am]Wns kzcw kzoIcnpItbm
hnhn[ aXfpsS D]cnhamb ka\zbw eyampItbm
sNpn. hnai\mIamb sslh temI hoWtmsS AXv
lnp hncp inIsfbpw, AhbpsS Ncn{Xsbpw ]XnIsfbpw
XmXv]cytfbpw A]qhamb hniIe\n\v hnt[bampp.
icnv thn Dd \ne]msSSpmsX Fm hoWtfbpw
ka\z bn n m\p {ian A\mhiy hn phogv NIv
XmdmIp B[p\nI lnp FgppImcn \nv hyXykvXambn
A]qhamb \n`bXzhpw, \ninXXzhpw, kXykXbpw Ah
ImgvNhbvpp.
127 tUhnUv {^men
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 128
kwL ]cn hm kwLS\Ifn Rm IXpw, tUm
hjvTsbtmeph kXnXpamb Hcp henb Ipdhv AhcpsS
{]knoIcWfnse ss[jWnI `mhns {]tXyInpw
B[p\nI Cwnjv `mjbnep ss[jWnI {]NcWns
A`mhamWv . Ah IqSpXepw ASn m\]camb
{]h\mWv apXqw sImSpncpXv. {]NcWv
henb {]m[m\yw Inncpn. CXv Ahsc CUybnse am[ya
temIns B{IaWp apn Ffpap CcIfmn
Xop. {]tXyInpw DX hnZymkcpw henb tXmXn
]mmXyhcnshcpamb CSXp am[ya temIns
Imcyn. t]mcmXn\v aqbp Nnm[mcIpw ]pXnb
Bibpw thn t\mnbncnp CUy _pnPohn
kaqln th{X kzm[o\w DmpXn\pw Cu ]cnanXn Hcp
XSambn. 'thmbnkv Hm^v CUy' bn Ccw Fm hnjaw
]nSn {]iv\tfbpw GsSpv Ahbvv adp]Sn \Im Ignhp
kanXcmb Hcp lnp _pnPohn kaqls Rm Ip.
'thmbnkv Hm^v CUy' bpsS P\kXn ]etmgpw
hnhmZmIambncppshnepw F\nhcpsS {]knoIcWfnepw
Bibfnepw Hpw bpncmlnXytam GsXnepw Xcnep
Xo{h\ne]mtSm ImWm Ignn. av aX hn`mKfnse
ss[jWnI tIhew Ahchv thn sNbv X Imcy
am{XamWv 'thmbn kv Hm^v CUy' ln paXn \p thn
sNbvXpsImncpXv. thmbdns\bpw tXmakv sPt^ks\bpw
t]msebp ]mmXy NnI {InkvXpaXspdnv \Snb
hnai\tmSv InS]nSnpXmWv Cmans\pdnp AhcpsS
hnai\w. bZmYn Ah shdpw Ncn{X]chpw bpn]chpamb
hnai\fpsS Xen \nv hfsc aptmpt]mbn, Bgtadnb
BymnIhpw tbmKimkv {X]chpamb XesfqSn AXn
sImphcpp. AhcpsS hoW hnhmZ]cambn XoXn\v
Htcsbmcp ImcWw Ccw Hcp lnp hoWw apspw
{]ISnnsnpmbncpn FXmWv. lnpfn \nv hfsc
s]sv hfph Ccw hnai\w Asslh aX Hcp
òjWnbmbn Ip.
129 tUhnUv {^men
InS]mSpIfneqsS {io cmw kzcq]nt\mSv kn
htm Xs 'thmbn kv Hm^v CUy' bpsS [mcmfw
]pkvXI Rm Incpp. 1992 se Hcp sUln bm{XbnemWv
BZyambn Rm Atls IpapnbXv . tUm hjv T bpsS
Imcynset]mse {io cmw kzcq]pambp Fs kamKahpw
hfsc {][m\s Hcp kw`hambncpp. 'ssZhns \ma'
F Atln s ]pkv XIn F\n v hfscb[n Iw
XmXv ]cyapmbn ImcWw AXv Rm \Sn smn cp
amXncnbp thZ KthjWns êambncpp. AXv Rp
{]h\ thZn Hcpn.
cmw kzcq]v am\y\pw hn\bhm\pw a[pcamb s]cpamn\v
DSbh\pambn cpp. ]eImcyfn epw Atlw Hcp alm
Ejn sbtmse Bbn cpp. Atlw Hcp Ipn sbtmse
kzXbph\mbncpp. [\w A[nImcw {]ikv Xn XpSnb
Hnt\mSpw XXv ]c\mbm. Hcp B{iatam, hyhm]nX
kwLtam Hpanm Hcp kymknsbtmse Bbncpp Atlw.
AtXkabw Hcp hnjbns Dntev XpfpIbdn hniIe\w
sNbvXv AXns\pdnp hyamb ImgvNmSv m]nsSpm
Ignbp Ipim{K _pnbpambncpp Atlw. Xs Bobhpw
kmaqlyhpamb hoWv {]tNmZ\w ssIsmXv {io
Achn\n \nmsWnepw, Atlw amscbpw A\pIcnm
kzw a\n\v DSabpambncpp.
icn pw CUybn IyqWn ks FXn
FgppImcn {][m\nbmbncpp Atlw. AXv CUybn
IyqWnkw ^mj\mbn IWmsncp, {][m\a{n s\{lphpw
apw A\p`mhw { ]ISn n n cp A]XpIfn epw
Adp]XpIfnepambncpp. kzcq]ns\ t]mse \ninXambn AXns\
shphnfnm A[nIamcpw Av ss[cysncpn.
]nmev cmw kzcq]v {InkvXpaXsbpw Cmans\bpw
Ipdnv BymnIhpw a\ximkv {X]chpamb hoWneqsS
kXykamb Hcp hniIe\w ]pdndn. CXv Atlns
'Cmans\bpw, {InkvXpaXsbpw Ipdnp sslh hoWw'
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 130
F mnIv {Kn tNnpv. lnp am{Xa, asm
aXcpw AXv hmbnp t\mWw. [ym\m[njvTnXamb Ing
aXfn \nv hfsc hyXyamb Cu cp aXsfn,
AhbpsS Ncn{Xsbpw Dti eysfbpw Hs ]n hyamb
Hcp hoWw hfnsbSpm Cu ]pkvXIw hfsctbsd t]sc
klmbnp. temIns ta A[oiXzw hlnm\p _lpP\
aptfmIm {ianp Cu cp aXfntebpw Xmgv
\nehmcnep a\imkv {X LS\sb kzcq]v XpdpImWnp.
F{]ImcamWv Ahbvv Hcp BcnIXew CmXv Ftlw
ImWnpXp.
km[\bntem B hnImkntem A!, adnv XfpsS
hoWsf aphcn ASntnpXnemWv AhbpsS
Du. Ccw kwLv In s\tbm kz bw
kmmXvcnpXnt\tbm ]n henb [mcWbn, adnv shdpw
aXwamw sImv am{Xw a\pjy\n ]cnh\w hcpmw FXn
Ah Ddp \npp. AXns êambn hnizmkw sImv Ah
XfpsS A\pbmbnIsf ln]vt\mssSkv sNpp. AXn\ptijw
X sNpsXmsWtm, AXneqsS aphsc F{]Imcw
thZ\nnpp Ftm a\nemm\p AhcpsS Nnm tijn
\sSpp. DZmlcWn\v krnsbpdnp ss__n
hoWw AcmYn icn bmsWv hn iz kn p
temIn ep apgph s{ ]m^jWepIfpsSbpw Imcyw
Hmpt\mq !
{]mY\I, BNmc, Iqmb av {]h\
Fnhbn \nv P\np kwkvImcfm A\pbmbnIfpsS
icoca\pIsf kqvaXen {Xknnp sImv henb am\knI
insb DXv]mZnnm aXn\v Ignbpw. Cu a\in `qXZbbn
A[njv TnXamsWn, a\pjys\ Db t_m[Xentev
\bn m AXn \v Ign bpw. Fm AXv ' R am{ Xw'
knmntem GsXnepw aphn[nIfntem DdXmsWn
sImSnb A{Iahpw IqpcpXnbpw t]msebp a\pjys Ghpw
hn\miIcamb kz`mh AXv DWnhnSpw.
131 tUhnUv {^men
aXn\v \nse \tXm Notbm Bb kwkvImcsf
s]cpn m Ign bpw. asmn epw kaNn cpw
kpt_m[aphcpamb a\pjyv t]mepw aXns Imcyw
hcptm Fmcnepap hkvXpXm t_m[w \sSpp.
Rm am{Xw icn F t_m[w aXns ASnm\n hcptm
AXv a\pjycminbpsS Ghpw hn\miImcnbmb inbmbn
]cnWanpp. Cpw CXv temIsamSpw \nlmbcmb CcIsf
thbmSnsmncnpp.
Hcp aXn \nv DZv`qXamIp am\knI in, B aXn\v
ASnm\ambncnp KpWsf B{ibnncnpp.
kmXznI {]t_m[\, kv t\lw, `qXZb, Alnwk,
klnjvWpX, av hnizmkfpsS t\p _lpam\w XpSnb
kZvKpWsf t]mjnnpp. cmPknI aX ssIthpw kXy
hnizmkn\v thn temIw IogSm\p Dt{]cWbpw
{]ISnnpp. XmaknI aXfmIs Ahnizmkfnepw
aphn[nIfnepw, shdpnepw, aXsshcnepw BpInSpp. Hcp
aXn iamb cmPkn Itam Xmakn Itam Bb
hifpsn, AXv A\pbmbnIfpsS am\knI \nebn
{]Xnênv Ahsc \ioIcW {]hWXIfntev \bnpw. AXv
Imcy ImcW hnthN\w CmXmp, A\pIbpw Zbbpw
\sSpp 'P\qa\imkv{X' ambn ]cnWanpp.
BhnImkw ]mmXy temIv Hcp {][m\ hnjba,
AhnsS ]pdw temI PohnXnemWv {i sImSpnpXv. AXns
êambn ]mmXy aX {InbmItam kPohtam Bb Hcp
kmnyambnocmsX {]mNo\Imens _mn]{Xsa hw
Xan BpIn SpIbmWv . hfsc apv Xs
Dt]npambncp aphn[nIfpw Ahnizmkfpw Hs \mw
aXns cq]n \ne\ndpnbncnpp FXmWv kXyw.
DZmlcWn\v \nXy kzKsbpw \cItbpw Ipdnp
IYIfnepw ZnhympXfnepw Hsbp kmam\yP\fpsS
hnizmkw.
ssZhtmtSm a\pjycmintbmtSm D kv t\lsampa
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 132
s]mXpth Hcp anjWdnsb {]tNmZnnpXv. temIw apgph Xs
aXw kzoIcnpXphsc Xs kzambncnm A\phZnm
AklnjvWpX \nd Hcp hnizmkamWv Atlns {]iv\w.
aX]camb IpIt_m[n \np P\np Cu at\m`mhw
AkzX \ndXpw {ItaW a\ns ka\ne sXnm
t]mXpamWv. aSapn \nd aX P\q kz`mhs
t{ ]mmln n pp, AXmIs hyn Xen hfsc
A]ISImcnbmb am\knI \nebmbn Xes]mpp.
Ign Bbn cn e[n Iw hjfmbn apo
`mcXnepv. Fnpw lnp tbmKnIfpsS amKspdnp
Ghpw ASnm\]camb [mcWt]mepw Ahn. Isbpw,
]p\Pasbpsamw shdpw Ahnizmkfmbn Ah
ImWpp. {]] a\pambn \s _nnp lnpfpsS
At\Iw ssZh ksf sNIpm\v Xpeysahw
IWmpp. Ahsc {]tXyI hn`mKambn \ne\nm\pw
lnpfpambp AhcpsS kwhmZv XSbnSm\pw Dtinp
sImv AhcpsS apam Ccw at\m`mhs
Xfmemhphn[w t{]mmlnnpIbpw sNpp.
{_nojpIm AhcpsS Fm kmltfmSpw IqSn Ccp\qdp
hjtfmfw CUybnepmbncpp. Fnpw Cu cmPyns
Bymn I AhKmlspdn v hen b
[mcWsbmpanmsXbmWv Ah ]pdp t]mbXv . AhcpsS
XmXv ]cyw m\ntem, B t_m[ntem Hpambncpn
adnv A[oiXznepw ]Wnepw am{Xambncpp. Acw
a\pjycpsS a\pI CSpnb Nne hnizmkfn Xfsv
InSpIbmbncnpw. kzw apn hv \npIbmsWnepw
Hcp As\tmse, Ghpw hyambXns\ t]mepw Ah
ImWmsXt]mIpp. ]e B[p\nI CUy _pnPohnIfpw Cu
hn`mKn s]Spp. amIv kntdtbm samsfbpsStbm
Ioj\nn\v hnt[bambngn Ahv Hcp Achns\tbm
caW aljnsbtbm hneaXnm Ignbpn. Fm cmw kzcq]v
Atlns hnai\sf Hcnepw AS[nt]nemn
amnbncpn. Atlw hynIsf AhcpsS icnbmb Xen
133 tUhnUv {^men
hn ebn cpn bn cpp. Fm aX hn `mKfn ephtcmSpw
kwhZnpIbpw Ahv ]dbm\pXv {im]qhw tIpIbpw
sNpambncpp. kXytmSp _lpam\amsX BcpsS t\scbpw
bmsXmcp ]t`Zhpw Atlw ImWnncpn.
Fs cN\bnepw Rm cmw kzcq]ns Dmgv NI
]npSp. 'DWcq `mcX' F Fs ]pkvXIn aXfnse
ssZhnIhpw Bobhpamb hitfmsSmw, BkpcnIhpw
Alw`mh]chpamb Awitfbpw Rm FSppImWnnpv.
{ ]Imin sdbpw m\Xn sdbpw in Isf am{ Xa,
Ccpnsdbpw AXbpsSbpw inIsfbpw {]ISnnm
aXn\v Ignbpw.
Alw`mhs hfscb[n Iw hn n m\pw AXv
ssZhnIamsWv sXncnnm\pw aX]camb am\knImhv
Ignbpw. Bmhn\v hfscb[nIw AhkctfmsSmw Xs
]X\n\p hgnIfpw \nd Hcp taJebmWv BymnIX.
hfsc {itbmsSbpw B ]cntim[\tbmSpw IqSn AXns\
kao]n n sn \mw ]e `mh\Ifn epw aphn [n Ifn epw
IpSpntmIm\nSbpv. AXv KpWsmtfsd tZmjamWv sNpI.
cmw kz cq]v Cu { ]h\fn X\n mbn cpn .
Atln \v ]qcIambn hn n cp kl{ ]hI\pw
kplrpamb Ignhp Hcp hynbpmbncpp. koXm dmw tKmb
Bbncpp icnpw 'thmbnkv Hm^v CUy' bnse {][m\
FgppImc. cmw kzcq]ns\mfpw IqSpX KthjW
\Sn IqSpX ]pkv XI Atlw FgpXnbnpv . hfsc
bpy[njvTnXamb Hcp kao]\amWv koXmdmw ]npSncpXv.
AXpsImpXs am\yXv thntmepw kXyns Imcyn
hnphogv N sNm Atlw Hcpambncpn. s]mXpth
am]Wntbpw, kuayXbpsSbpw Hs kzc am{Xw
\ne\nncp sslh aefn Atlns _unIamb
\ninXXzw kamcfnmXmbncpp. kzcq]ns {][m\
DmgvNI kzoIcnpsImv Ahsb iamb cm{ob Ncn{X
hniIe\fmn koXmdmw hnIknnp.
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 134
koXmdmans kXykXbvpw t\cnp kao]\n\pw
`bcmlnXyn\pw t\sc F\nv _lpam\w tXmn. Atlw cmw
kzcq]ns Zmi\nI hoWv {]mtbmKnI kao]\w
IqntpsImp angnthIn. kXyns Imcyn Atlw
Hcp hnphogv Nbv pw Xmdmbncpn. hynXzfpsS apn
Ah F{XXs Dbhcmbncpmepw Atlw XeIp\nncpn.
ap]e lnpsfbpw t]mse Im\nI IYIfnepw apw
apgpIpIbpan. ham\ Imens {]iv\fn \nv kZvKpW
]qamb Hcp `mhnbpsS NnIfntev HfntmSn csSm\pw
Atlw Xmdmbn cpn . bYmY { ]iv \fn { i
tI{oIcnpsImv Ahsb hniZambpw Bgnepw Atlw
t\cnp.
"lnp t{X, Ahbv v Fp kw`hnp ?" F
Atlns ]pkvXIw hmbnv Rm Xcnncpp t]mbn. Fm
aXtfbpw _lpam\np BobXbpsS \mSmb `mcXns
t\v F{Xam{Xw ssItw \Snpv F Imcyw Rm
Adn n cpn . Hcp]t ]pXn bXpw AXpsImpXs
A]Izhpambncpsnepw Cmw bYmYn A\pIbp
aXamsWmbncpp Fs [mcW.
Fm hkv XpXI Hfn p hbv m { ]tXyI
ImcWsampanm CmanI t{kmXpIfn \npXs
koXmdmw lmPcmnb sXfnhpI Fm [mcWIsfbpw XInSw
adnp{X hepXmbncpp. CUybnse t{Xsf XIm
Bkq{XnXhpw \ncchpamb B{IaWw Xs \Snpv .
AXmIs GXmsm apow `cWm[n Imcn Ifpw hfsc
ipjvmntbmsS ]npScpIbpw sNbvXp.
Fnpw B bpw Ahkm\nnn. Xmen_ms\bpw Hkma
_n emZs\bpw krn CmanI aXauenIhmZw Csmgpw lnp
`mcXs Im^ndpIfpsS \mSmbnmWv IWmpXv. cmPys
]nSnSn AhnizmknIfpsS aXs Daqe\w sNp tPmen
]qoIcnm Ahcntmgpw sh sImpp. lnp
IqSpX PmKcqIcmbnsn, Ahsc hopw NXnbneqsS
135 tUhnUv {^men
]cmPbsSppIbpw AhcpsS ss]XrIw Fstpambn XpSp
\osSpIbpw sNpw. sImWmUv Fns cN\Ifpw
'thmbnkv Hm^v CUy' {]knoIcnncpp. s_Pnbn
\np sNdpmc\mb Cu FgppImcs\ Rm ]e{]mhiyw
Ipapnbnpv . Fv Fn {]tXyI XmXv ]cyw P\nnp.
ImcWw Hcp ]mmXy\mbncpsnepw GsXmcp `mcXobt\mfpw
Atln \v `mcXspdn v AhKmlapmbn cpp.
Cmcyn Rm\pw Hcp kamcXzw hlnncnpp. Fm
Fn\v atsXmcp ]mmXyt\mfpw IqSpXembn CUybpsS
cm{ob kmaqly hnjbfn Adnhpmbncpp. hfsc Bgn
]Tnnp Hcp ]nX\pw, sNp Fm Imcyfnepw hfsc
bpn]qW\pw Bbncpp Atlw. Atbmy t{]mtm`s
Ipdnp Atlns cN\I hfsc \ninXambncpp.
' thmbn kv Hm^v CUy' p thn FgpXn btm
F\nsmcpImcyw a\nembn. B[p\nI Cwojv `mjbn \
coXn bn ln p hoWs AhXcn n m Ign hp
FgppImcpsS maw \ne\npp. 'thmbnkv Hm^v CUy'
tbmSv tNv Ipsd ]pkv XI {]knoIcnm Rm
Xocpam\n p. ]pcmX\ `mcXs Ipdn p Fs Ncn { X
]pkvXIns kwn]vX cq]ambncpp Ahbn BZytXv.
1994 {]knoIcn B ]pkvXIn\v "Bcy A[n\nthiw F
anYy" FmWv Rm t]cnXv . Ccw sNdnb ]pkv XI
AhbpsS Xosc Ipd hne ImcWw IqSpX t]cn Fpatm
Fp Rm IcpXn.
lnp aXspdnv henb ]pkvXI FgpXm\pw F\nv
{]tNmZ\w Inn. Rm Fs Ipsd teJ\fpsS Hcp kamlmcw
"Fgptq APp\m: lnpaXhpw B[p\nI temIhpw" F
t]cn 1995 {]knoIcnp. CXmbncpp Fs BZys kmaqly
cm{ob Nnm]camb ]pkv XIw. AXn hnhn[ hnjbsf
A[n Icn v Rm FgpXn bn p Iptdtbsd teJ\
Dsmnncpp.
lnpaXspdnv {]tXyIambn Rms\mcp ]pkvXIsagpXn.
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 136
"lnpaXw, ImemXoXamb ]mccyw" (1995). AXv cmw kzcq]ns
\ntia\pkcnv FgpXnbXmWv. Atlns hoWsbmWv
AXn ]npScpXv. km[mcW Dbcmdp hnai\v Hcp
lnphns adp]Sn sImSpp sImp Hcp tNmZtymc `mKhpw
CXn Dsmnnpv.
Cu ]pkvXIsfmw Fn henb Hcp DchmZnXz t_m[w
Dfhmn. ImcWw Rm BtcmKyw BymnIX XpSnb
hnjbsf Ipdnv apsgpXnbncp efnXamb ]pkvXIsfm
Ch P\sf IqSpX sshImcn Iambn kz [o\n m
t]mhbmbncpp. AtXkabw Xs Ah Fsbpw IqSpX
{]tNmZnnpIbpw Fs am\knI \nesb kzm[o\nv Fs I
\ncX\mpIbpw sNbvXp.
'Fgptq APp\m' F ]pkvXIns NphSp]nSnp
GXm\pw hjv tijw Rm 'DW `mcXob' F
asmcp ]pkv XIhpw FgpXn. shdpsX Ipsd Imcy ]dp
t]mIp ssienbn \npw hyXykvXambn, {]tNmZ\nsdbpw
t{]cWbpsSbpw kzcw IqSn Rm AXnep]tbmKnp. lnpv
hkv XpXIsfpdn p Adn hn s am{ Xa, almb
ImcyamsWn t]mepw B[p\nItemIn\papn Fgptp\nv
AXns\ AhXcnnm\p CminbpsSbpw Ipdhpv .
sshtZinI B[n]Xyn Iogn \S \qmpItfmfap
ASn aemWv AXn \p Hcp ImcWw. bZmYn ep
hn iz mktfbpw { ]hn Itfbpw ]cn KWn msX Fm
aXsfbpw XpeysSpm \Sp lnpfpsS kzw {iaw
hcpnh NnmpgamWv CXn\p asmcp ImcWw.
Rm lnpfpsS k intbbpw kwL intbbpw
DWnhnSm B{Klnp. `mKyhim Cu ]pkv XIns
AhXmcnI FgpXm F\np cmw kzcq]ns\ Xs Inn. Atlw
Hcp hjn\Iw CltemI hmkw shSnbpIbpw Dmbn.
Atlns th]mSv lnp Nnmaen hensbmcp hnShv
krnp. hfsc A]qhambnv am{Xta Atln\v Xpeyw
\np Hcp hmhns\ GsXmcp kaqln\pw InpIbpq.
137 tUhnUv {^men
Fs cN\I ]e {][m\ lnp t\Xmfpw hnhn[
]mefn \n p \n ch[n sslh Nn Icpw
hmbn m\n Sbmbn . CXv ]pXn b ]e kfn tepw
]cnNbfntepw, AhbneqsS ]e ]pXnb AdnhpIfntepw
Fs \bnp. Acp jqcn, Fkv Kpcpaqn, hj t`ms XpSn
CUybnse Cu cwKp ]e {]apJ FgppImcpambn
Ipapm F\n v Ahkcfpmbn . CUybn se
FgppImcpsS CSbn Hcp sNdnb \yq\]amsWnepw, Cv
Ah ]e hnjbfnembn ]e {][m\s cN\Ifpw \Snbnpv.
Ign GXm\pw hjfpsS Ipd kabn\pn
\nch[n ]pXnb FgppIm CXpt]mep hnjb GsSpv
sslh kmln Xys CUy am[yafn se iamn
hfpXv Rm Ip. Fm IqSpX iambn \ne\np
sslh hncp isf AXn\v C\nbpw adnIStXpv .
ASp Hcp Zimn \pn Cu hn Pbw
ssIhcnm\mhpsapXmWv Fs {]Xo. \o Xpcns
AtXe \mantm shfnw ImWppv.
AtimIv Nus lnp hnthIv tI{ Pu
1992 _m_v dn akv PnZv kw`hns ]menemWv
AtimIv Nussb apwss_bn hv Rm ImWpXv. Hcp [\nI
hyhkmbn IpSpw_n \nv h Bfmbncpsnepw Xs kabw
hn Fv ]n bvp thn kanm\mWv Atlw Xocpam\nXv.
{ItaW Atlw B kwLS\bpsS almcm{bnse {]apJ\mbn
Xop. BZyambn tUm hjv TbmWv Atln s\s
]cn NbsSpn bXv . RfpsS CS]gIen s\ Atlw
t{]mmlnnpIbpw sNbvXp.
ln pfpsS hoWw am[yafn eqsSbpw
Csds\n eqsSbpw ln p hn thIv tI{ bpsS sh_v
sskneqsSbpw {]Ncnnm\p Bibntev AtimIv thKw
Xs BIr\mbn. Fs Nne ]pkv XIfpw teJ\fpw
Atlw Hmsse\n {]knoIcnpIbpw sNbvXp. B[p\nI
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 138
Iyq bpKn sslh hoWsf Fmhcn epw
Fnm Ccnep am[ya {]h\w AXymhiyamWv.
Asn lnp hncp hfsmSnepI tNmZyw sNsSmsX
{]NcnnsSpw.
'lnpbnkw SpsU'
lnp [s kw_np Bobhpw kmaqlyhpw
apamb an hnjbfpw dntmv sNp Hcp {]knoIcWamWv
'lnpbnkw SpsU'. AXnibIcamb kwKXn AXv \SnsImv
t]mIpXv ]mmXycmb kzmanamcmWv FXmWv . CUybn
Rm Hw tNv {]hnpsImncp sslh {KqpIfptSXn\v
Xpeyamb Hcp kao]\amWv Chcpw ]penbncpXv . Rm
Ahcpambn Acw hnjbsfpdnv NIfn Gsp.
{ ][m\ambpw Ncn { X]camb hn jbfmbn cpp. { ItaW
BbpthZhpw, thZtPymXnjhpw HSphn aXwam hnjbhpw Hs
AXn hp.
cmw kzcq]nsdbpw koXmdmw tKmbensdbpw kz[o\w
'lnpbnkw SpsU' bn Dmbncpp. lnpaXns Ghpw
ka\mb hmhv FmWv Ah cmw kzcq]ns\ hntijnnXv.
'lnpbnkw SpsU' bpsS ]nn {]hnncp {io kp{_Wy
kz man ]mmXy tZiv P\n hyn bmbn cpsn epw,
B{ians A[n]Xnbpw kZvKpcphpw lnpaX Zi\fpsSbpw,
BZifpsSbpw aqn aZv `mhhpambn cpp. Atlw
lnpaXns Hcp anI FgppImc\pw hmnbpambncpp.
'UmknMv hnv inh', 'taPnMv hnv inh' XpSnb Xs \nch[n
]pkv XIfneqsS Atlw AXv sXfnbnnpv . Atlns
]mmXy k\ymkn in jyamcpw CtXt]mse AShpw
DmgvNbpw kaWhpw HnWnb {]Kcmbncmbncpp.
anjWdnamcpsS IpnX {]hnIsfpdnpw Ah lnp
kaqln\v hcpnhbvp hn]pIsfpdnpw Ah hfsc
PmKcqIcmbncpp.
Ipdp hjv tijw Rm lhmbnbnep AhcpsS
B{iaw kinm\nSbmbn. `qanbnse kzKw Fp tXmnp
139 tUhnUv {^men
hn[w at\mlcambncpp AXv . lhmbnbnse Ghpw ]gbXpw
{]IrXn caWobhpamb IusF Zzo]n \ndsb ]qtmfpw,
shmfpw, Pemibfpw Hs tNv jmMv { Kn e
t]msebp Hcp {]tZiw.
AhnsS Htckabw `mhnbnse lnpaXsbpw, Ghpw
{]mNo\amb Imes lnpaXsbpw A\p`hnm ]pw.
lnpv ]ckv]cw kwthZnm ]nb Hcp thZnsbmcppI,
B[p\nI ImeLnse lnp[ns Dbsgptns\
hnizXtbmsS tcJsSppI XpSn almb tkh\fmWv
'lnpbnkw SpsU' sNbv Xp sImncnpXv . lnpaXnse
hn`mKobXIsf AXnPohnv Ccw Hcp sFIyw BZyambn ImWnp
XXv ]mmXy lnpfmsWXv ckIcamWv.
lnp F t]cnt\mSv AIew ]menm {ianp Zp_e
Nncmb lnpfn \nv hyXyambn 'lnpbnkw SpsU' B
t] hfsc A`nam\tmSv IqSnXs ]dbpp. lnp F
hmnt\mSp {]Xntema at\m`mhw anjWdnamcpsSbpw sshtZinI
`cWnsdbpw Zpjv{]NcWns A\c êamWv Fh
Nqnmpp. \nch[n lnp bmsXmcp kwibhpw IqSmsX
XfpsS IpnIsf Abp sImncnp {InkvXy kvIqfpIfn
\nmWv B at\m`mhn IqSpXepw hnpXv. Xsf aXw
amm kcmbn Ccnp asmcp aXns kvIqfpIfntev
XfpsS IpnIsf Abphv Ipsd B ]cntim[\bpsS
Bhiyapv. 'lnpbnkw SpsU' AXmWv \IpXv.
Hcn IusFbn hv F\nv l\pam kzmanbpsS
iamb Hcp Zi\apmbn. Atlw hyambpw tIm]njvT\mbn
ImWsp. {]IrXnbpsSbpw `qan (koX) bpsSbpw cIs\
\nev, \mw \psS sXpI Xncpn cma cmPyntev Xncnp
t]mIWsav Atlw DZv t_m[nnpp. Asn henb
tXmXnep ZpchI \s Imncnpp. \apv l\pam
kzmanbpsS Cu apdnbnn\v sNhnsImSpmw. hmbp]p{X\pw
Znhyssk\yns \mbI\pw PohPmefpsS kwcI\pamb
Atlns hmpIsf \apv [ncnmXncnmw.
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 140
{]m `mcXn
Hcn t_mws_bnembncnptm sslZcm_mZnep Hcp
kwLS\bn \nv Rsmcp ^mIvkv ktiw Inn. Rm
Ahpthn {]kwKnm sNWsa Hcp A`yY\bmbncpp
AXv. Cs\bmbncpp Rm {]m `mcXnsb Ipdnv AdnXv.
1996 emWv BZyambn Rm sslZcm_mZn {]kwKnXv. {]m
`mcXn p thn thZfpw hn m\ `mcXn v thn
BbpthZhpw Bbncpp hnjb. kZv hfsc hepXpw
AhcpsS tNmZy hfsc Kwòcfpw Bbncpp. {]m
`mcXnbpsS {]knoIcWamb '{]' ]pdndpXpambn
_sv 1997 Rm sslZcm_mZn XncnsIsbn. B
{ ]kn oIcWn \p thn XpSbmbn teJ\
sImSpmdpapmbncpp. ]noSv 1999 Rm Ahp thn
\nch[n ]cn]mSnIfn ]sSpp. Cu ]pkv XIn C\n
{]Xn]mZnm\ncnp, sslZcm_mZv Bv _njpambp Hcp
kwhmZhpw AXn s]Spw.
{]m `mcXnbmWv Hcp ]t `mcXnse Ghpw \mbn
kwLSnns lnp _pnPohnIfpsSbpw NnIcpsSbpw
kwLS\. AXv hnhn[ XpdIfnep {][m\ NnIsc Hcpanv
sImphcpIbpw Ahv kwthZnm\pw N sNm\pap
thZnI HcppIbpw sNpp. Ccw A\h[n kwcw`
CUybn Atmfantmfw Dbp hcpsap {]Xyminmw.
`mcXob P\Xm ]mn
XmaknbmsX Ccw kwhmZfneqsS kzm`mhnIambpw
Rm B Fkv Fkns asmcp A\p_ kwLS\bmb _n sP
]n tbmSpw AXns ]e {][m\ t\XmtfmSpw kn hp.
Cu cm{ ob { ]m\w Fs\bmWv A]ISImcn Itfm
Ipd]w aXauenIhmZnI Xstbm Bbn amdpsXXv
F\nsmcnepw a\nembn. Amcyn Rm ]qambpw
]cmPbsp. ]mmXy hoWn \nmsX sslhhpw
[mnIhpamb Hcp \ne]mSn \nesImp Ah hfsc Xpd
141 tUhnUv {^men
hoWfphcmbnmWv Rm IXv. CUybn heXp]w
FmWv am[ya Ahscpdnv hntijnnpsXnepw
kkymlmcw, ssPhhyh, tbmKimkv{Xw, thZmw XpSnb
hnjbfnep AhcpsS \ne]mSpIfpw ]mmXy D]t`mK
kwkv ImctmSp FXnpw Hs AtacnbnemsWn
CSXp]w F hntijWambncnpw Ahv t\SnsmSppI.
{ItaW Rm '_n sP ]n SpsU' bn XncsSppI apX
AWp]coWhpw anjWdn {]h\hpw hscbp hnjbfn
teJ\ FgpXpIbpmbn.
1998se AhcpsS Ce hnPbn\p tijw Rm _nsP
]nbpsS {]apJ t\Xmhpw B`yc a{nbpambncp F sI
AZzm\nsbtmep t\Xmsf ImWpIbpmbn. Kncnem Pbn
hgnbmbn AZzm\nv Fs {]h\sfn Adnhpmbncpp.
Hcp _n sP ]n km A[n Imcn hp FImcyw
AwKoIcnm ]{X{]hIpw am[ya {]hIpw
Ignbpn Fv AZzm\n FtmSp ]dp. GXphnt[\bpw Cu
Khsadns\ A]IonsSpm\pw AncsSpm\pw
Ah BImhpsXmw sNbv XpsImn cn pp. ln p
]mccytmSv _lpam\apv F H ImcWw sImv
]mmXyhpw `mcXobhpamb ]{Xam[ya F{Xam{XamWv Cu
Khsadns\ A[nt]npsXXv Rm Ipa\nemn.
Hcp _unI {Xnb
hn Fv ]n bv p thn Cwn { ]kwK ]cyS\w
\Snsmncptm Znhtk\ ]pXnb ]pXnb {]kwK
Xmdmtn hp. AtmgmWv _unI {Xnb F Hcmibw
Fn DZnXv. lnp kaqls {]Xntcm[np NpaXebp
tbmmfpsS kaqlambncpp {Xnb. hnhc kmtXnI
hnZybpsSbpw Iyq hnhnsdbpw Cu ImeLn
_unI {Xnb ImeLns BhiyamWv Fv Rm
\n tin p. ln paXw Fmbv tmgpw ]pXn b Bibsf
t{]mmlnnnpv. Cu ]pXnb ImeLn BkpcnI inI
Dbp shphn fn Isf t\cn Sm ln paXw kz w
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 142
AZi\fpsS insb IqSpX _mlyamb Xefn
D]tbmKntn Ccnpp.
koXmdmw tKmben\v Cu Bibw t_m[np. AXns\ IqSpX
hnIknnm Atlw FtmSp Bhiysp. Cu Bibw 'DWcq
`mcXm' F Fs ]pkv XIns ImXembn Xop. lnp
aXspdnp Fs cN\Ifn \ndbp Hcp ktiw _unI
{Xnb F Cu BibamWv.
ln p kaqlsbpw AXn s ]mccysfbpw
kwcnpXn\pw Ah temIn\v e`yampXn\pw Cv Ccw
tbmmfpsS Hcp kaqlw AXymhiyambncnpp. AXns
A`mhn lnpaXw \nccamb B{IaWn\v hnt[bambn
XpScpsav am{Xa AXns almb BymnI ss]XrIw
ImsSpsSpIbpw \apv \sSpIbpw sNpw. Rms\mcp
_un I { Xn b BsW Bibw Fs ]n oSp
{]h\fpsS tI{ _nphmbn Xop. hmmWv {_mWs
Bbp[w Fv thZ ]dbpp. AXpsImv Ccw _unI
{Xnbam {_mW {XnbamcmWv.
I tbmKw / lnp {]h\w
sslh [hpambn _s Fs {]h\ Fs
I tbmKn tev \bn p. apv F\n Xv \hw
a\n emhpItbm Rm\Xn \v { ]m[m\yw sImSppItbm
sNbv Xnpmbncpn. I tbmKamWv BZytXpw Fm
tbmKfnepw hv ASnm\]cambXpw. asmn\pap]cn
PohnXw IamWv. Iw Hgnhmm\mhmXmWv. BymnI
]ptcmKXnv thntbm aphsc klmbnpXn\v thntbm
\ssfmhcpw Fmbv tmgpw Fsn epsams
sNbv XpsImncnWw. Am]w hfsc thKw Xs \mw
\nse PUXznsdbpw {]Xntema {]hWXIfptSbpw ]nSnbn
s]pt]mIpw. GXv Ihpw, Fn\v [ym\w t]mepw \s
kz m[o\n Wsan , AXn \v Hcp Xmfhpw Bh\hpw
Bhiyapv. AsXmcp Ihpw kwkvImchpw BbnocWw.
143 tUhnUv {^men
ItbmKw cpXcapv . { ]] in Isf
BNmcm\pjvTm\tfmsS Bcm[nepw, temIn\v tkh sNepw.
bYm Bcm[\ shdpw bm{nIambn ]qPsNepw a{
P]nepa. AXv icnbmb eytfmsS sNp icnbmb
IfneqsS t_m[ns AXoXamb inIsf PohnXntev
sImphcemWv . Fm bYm BymnI ]cnioe\fpw
tkh\ at\m`mhn A[njvTnXamWv. Hcphs hyn]camb
t\sb Ah {][m\ eyambn IWmpXv . Fs
BymnI ]mX m\ tbmKn \nv `n tbmKntepw
]ns I tbmKntepw \on. appXns\ \ntj[np
sIm, adn v IqSpX bmYmYym[n jv Tn Xamb Hcp
kao]\ntev Ahsbsbmw CWntp sImmWv CXv
kw`hnXv. icnbmb Ins AYhm ItbmKns Hcp
Dd Anhmcn am{Xta `nbpw m\hpw BcnI
]cnh\n\pXIph F\nev hnIknpIbpq.
temItkh\w F \nep ItbmKs lnp[
{]h\w Fv \nhNnmhpXmWv . CXv icnv ]dm
GsXnepw cm{obtam kmaqlytam aX]ctam Bb hn`mKsf
tkhne, adnv temIn [s DbnnSnepw
AymnIm[njvTnXamb PohnX ssiensb t{]mmlnnepamWv.
Ccw Hcp {]h\ns A`mhn lnp[w Aekhpw,
]nncn\pw ]pXnb temIn kzw m\hpw ssNX\yhpw
{]kcnnm Aihpambn IWmsSpw. [{]NcW
XXv ]camb Ccw ItbmKn s A`mhw sImmWv
lnp[w ]ntmw t]mIpXpw, Cs temIn\v
AXymt]n Xamb ln pa\n s Dmgv I
temIthZnIfn {insSmsX t]mIpXpw.
ItbmKw AYhm sslh [{]h\w kzmX{y
kacImev CUy cm{ obn Hcp ]cn [n hsc
ISphcpIbpmbn . Cn tm hyhkmbhn hn \pw
tImf\n bpKn \pw tijap ]pXn b shphn fn Isf
t\cn SpXn \mbn AsXmcp BtKmf in bmbn Dbp
htcnbncnpp. Acnep Hcp sslh[ {]h\w
Dbphcs {]tXyInpw bphmfpsS CSbn Fv Rm
Binpp.
Rm Hcp ]nv BIpp
1996 Fs Hcp ]npw [mNmcy\pambn BwKoIcnp
sImv apw_bn hv {_Nmcn hniz\mYv Pn AhmUv Xv
BZcnpIbpmbn. F\nv Av hjw apv lnp \mat[bw
\Inb akq B{ian \nmbncpp {]kvXpX AhmUv.
Cu AhmUv Fs Hcp ln p F\n ebn \n v
Hu]NmcnIambn Xs Hcp lnp BNmcy F \nebntev amn.
Ccw NSpI Hcp hyn sb kaqln s IqSpX
hnimeamb ]npWt\Sm Alampp. kzw \nev aptmv
t]mIpXnt\m CXv bm{Xv in ]Icpp.
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 144
{]mNo\ `mcXw
Bcy A[n\nthiw F anYy
{]mNo\ temIv H\h[n BymnI hnkv abfpw,
almt{Xfpw, henb ]ncanUpIfpw, alm clkyfpw
kXyZinIfmb almmfpw Hsbpmbncpp. \psS Ncn{X
]pkv XI FgpXn ]nSnnnpXp t]mse {]mIrXamb Hcp
Imeambncpn, adnv Db t_m[XetmSv _w m]nncp
AXnalmb kwkvImcfpsS Nn{XamWv AXv ImgvNhbvpXv.
{ ]mNo\, Cstmse kmtXn I hn ZyI
Icamnbnpmhn, Fm Ahv Cu {]]ns
\ne\nns\pdnv IqSpX hyamb Aht_m[w Dmbncpp.
Fm PohnXfpambn CgpIntp t]mIp aXhnizmk
IeXmbncpp AhcpsS kwkvImc.
{]mNo\ kwkv IrXnep Fs thZ]T\w F\nv
hyamn Hcp hkvXpX {]mNo\ CuPn]vjy, kptadnb
kwkv Imctfmfw hnIknXpw Kl\hpambncpp sshZnI
kwkv Imcw FXmWv . kap{ Zw hgn bp hym]mcfpw,
A[n\nthifpw, ]cythWfpw Amepmbncpp.
[mcmfw sNdp cmPyfpw, ]Wfpw As kwkvImcns
tI{fmbn Dmbncpp. Ahv hfsc ]ptcmKan IeIfpw,
IcIuiehnZyIfpw, Irjnbpw imkv{Xhpw `mjbpapmbncpp.
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 146
]pcmWIYmkamlmcfpw BNmcfn A[njvTnXamb kmaqly
NSpIfpw Dmbncpp.
EtKz Zw hen b Hcp `qhn `mKn Pohn n cp Hcp
P\kaqln \nv hfsc Imew sImv Dcpncnpmb Hcp
kwtjnX {KamWv. sshhn[yam kwkvImcfpsSbpw `mjm
tKm{XfpsSbpw ]nnse AymnI GIXsb Zinm
Ign Hcp almkwkvImcnsd
sdtmUp _pmWXv . thZfn se A\h[n tZho
tZhamv kzw {]tXyI khntijXI Dmbncnptmgpw,
Ahtcmtcmcpcpw Fmw tN B ]ca kXys
{]Xn\n[oIcnpp F hkv XpX shfnhmpXv CXmWv .
BcyamcpsS A[n\nthispdnv hnp \nehnse Ncn{X
]pkvXI sshZnI P\kaqls {]mIrX tKm{XfmbnmWv
Nn{XoIcnpXv . AXv ip Akw_asn hnhctSv
Fsn epw ]dtbn hcpw. B ]pkv XI XfpsS
aphn [n In Wpw hn [w thZ { Ksf a\]qhw
AhKWnpItbm hfsmSnpItbm BWv sNbvXXv.
thZfnse Bcy F ]Zn\v hK]ctam, `mjm]ctam
Bb Hcp _hpan . Hcp P\kaqlw asmn s\
B{IanpXpambpw AXns\ _sSpm\mhn. BkpcnIw,
hnIrXw FnhbpsS adphiamb alcambXv kwkvIcnsXv
Fsms ZtymXnnpXn\mWv AXp]tbmKnnpXv. tImf\n
at\m`mhnepw hKob \ne]mSpIfnepw apnmWv InSncp
bqtdm]y NnIcpsS Ip]nSpambncpp AXnse hK]camb
Aw.
temIsamSpw \mKcnIXI ]e[mcIfpsS Hp tNcen
\nmWv DmbnpXv. {][m\ambpw thZ ImgvNhbvp
PohnX Nn{Xhpw CXmWv. Cu IqSnecemIs BibfpsSbpw
BNmcfpsSbpw D]t`mK hkv XpfpsSbpsamw kzX{amb
hn\nabfn \npcpncnbpXmWv Xm\pw. `mjm]ctam
hK]ctam Bb GsXnepw kmnIamb ipnbn \nv
DmhpX. adnv ]e ]men \np a\pjy Hnp
147 tUhnUv {^men
IqSn XfpsS sshhn ysf ]phbv ptm
kw`hnpXmWv . \mKcnIXsb Hcp hKnsdtbm asmcp
hKntdtbm Dambn hnhcnm {ianpXpXs
hKobXbmWv . kwkv ImcfpsS hfsb hKfpsS
A[n\nthinsdbpw, IpSnsbmgnp t]mnsdbpw Hs
BsIpIbmbn hn hcn m { ian ph kz w
hmkefn P\ sNp {InbmI {]h\sf
]mtS hnkvacnpIbmWv sNpXv.
Hcp Bcy hKw AXn { Ian p ISv `mcXn
tImf\nhcWw \Sn F Bibw ]sm]Xmw \qmnse
bqtdm]y tI{ oIrX sImtfmWn b amXrIsbbmWv
{]Xn_nw_nnpXv . AXmIs At\Iw tZho tZham
kulrZtmsSbpw kackXtbmsSbpw AtX kabw
Bcn Iamb GIXz tmsSbpw \n esImp sshZn I
Zi\v ISI hncphpamWv.
{]Iminsdbpw Ccpntdbpw inI Xnep
{]XoImI bpsf ]nXam CUybn hK
Xnep bpamn amn. Fm CuPn]v Xv apX Atacn
hscbp { ]mNo\ \mKcn IXIfn ImWsSp CtX
{ ]XoImIXbv p Xpeyamb a\pjybp Ah
]dbppan.
{ ]mNo\ { ]t_m[\sf cm{ obn tdbpw kZv
hyhbpsSbpw Hs _mly hoWfn IqSn t\mn
ImWptm In p D]cn hfmb Bib Ccw
{ Kfn Hfn p In Sp Bymn I kn s\
IspXn \nv B[p\nI ]nXamsc XSp. thZ
am{Xa CuPn]v XpImcpsS '_pv Hm^v Z sUUv ', ambamcpsS
{ ]t_m[\ Fn h CtX { ]Imcw sXmbn
hmbnshbmWv .thZ F\nv shfnsSpnX BymnI
Kl\Xsb {]Xnênnp Xcnep Hcp Ncn{X hoWhpw
Fn cq]sSm XpSn . EtKz Zn kap{ Zsn
]cmainp `mK kw{Klnp sImmWv CXv XpSnbXv.
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 148
kap{ Zhpambn _an m atyjybn \n p
tKm{ XhKmcpsS IrXn b thZw Fv hyamp
HcpZmlcWambncpp AXv.
\nehnep hfsmSnepIsf tNmZyw sNbv XpsImv
thZns Ncn{Xs Ipdnp Hcp ]pkvXIw cNnm {ItaW
Rm \n_nX\mbn Xop. 1980 Rm AXns BZycq]w
Xmdmn. {ItaW hnIknnp sImphp. 1990 AXv
]qnbmn. "{]mNo\ sshZnI \mKcnIXbpsS clky" F
t]cn AXn\Sp hjw AXv Atacnbn \nv {]knoIcnp.
kckzXo \Znsbnbp ]cmai, TPymXnj]camb sshZnI
kqN\I, sshZnI kmlnXyns IqSpX \njv Iramb
hnh\fpsS BhiyIX Fns\bp hnjb
BZyambn s]mXpNbntev sImph ]pkv XIfn
Hmbncpp AXv. CUybn ]pcmhkvXp KthjWn CXv
henb Hcp hnhn\v XpSanSpIbmsWpw ASp Hcp
Zimn\pn Cu hnjb ]cntim[nsSpsapw Av
Rm Adnncpn.
kp`mjv ImIv
Rm ]cn Nbshcn hv FSpp]dtb Hcp
thZ]nX\pw Atacn lnphpambncpp kp`mjv ImIv .
]ucmWnI `mcXspdnp \psS s]mXp XmXv ]cyns
ASnm\nemWv \ Xn 1990 _sSm XpSnbXv.
AXn\p tijw XmaknbmsX \ Xn Ipapn. AXv ASp
kulrZambn hfcpIbpw \psS klhnXzw hjfmbn
\ne\npIbpw sNpp.
thZfnse imkv{Xspdnp ]T\n ImIv hfsc
hnes ]e kw`mh\Ifpw \In. {]mNo\amb B ImeLn
\n e\n n cp KWn Xn sebpw TPymXn imkv { Xn sebpw
Kl\XIsf, {]tXyInpw iX]Z {_mWn \nphsb
Atlw shfnp sImphp. Hcp ]t Atlns Ghpw
henb kw`mh\ EtKzZw NnsSpnbncnpXn\p ]nnse kwJym
149 tUhnUv {^men
clky Xpdp ImWnXmWv. knp \mKcnIXbpsS en]nIsf
hymJym\npXnepw Atlw hepXmb kw`mh\ \In.
t]mcmXn\v thZ thZm Bibsf B[p\nI ùXnI
imkv { Xn sebpw \yqtdmkbkn sebpw ]pXp]p
Ip]nSptfmSv _sSppIbpmbn. AdnbsSp
tbmK ]nX\mb tPmPv ^yqo\pambn tNv R {]mNo\
`mcXspdn v asmcp ]pkv XIsagpXn . "\mKcn IXbpsS
Ifnsmn tXSn" Fmbncpp B ]pkv XIns t]cv .
]ucmWnI `mcXspdnp Ghpw ]pXnb Ip]nSpsf
]n FSpp]dbpXmbncpp AXv.
kp`mjv Fmbv tmgpw kXymt\z jWn \v Du
\Inbncpp. Hcp {]tXyI aXstbm kwkv Imcstbm
AsX{XXs alXzapXmbmepw shdpsX {]Xntcm[npI
Atlns coXnbmbncpn. thZfn \apv Fsnepw
alXzw Zinm Ignbppsn AXv Ahbn kXyw DXp
sImmbncnWw. kXys Ipdnp thZns ImgvmSv Fm
krnIpw kam[m\]camb \ne\nv Ddphcpp
{]m]nI \nbahpambn AYhm {]] Xmfhpambn _sXmWv.
\mw kXynsdbpw Dmgv NbptSXpamb [mnI ]mX
hfn sbSpWw. AmsX ]gb hcn Isf Bhn p
sImncnpItbm BNmcsf hnai\ _pntbmsS ]TnmsX
shdptX kwcn pItbm A thXv . thZ
kXyntep Hcp hgn XsbmbncnWw Am ]w
Ahbvv bmsXmcp AYhpan.
F Fkv cmPmdmw
1993emWv BZyambn F Fkv cmPmdmw F\nsgpXpXv.
]ucmWnI `mcXs kw_n Nne hnjb Atlw
GsSppXpambn _smbncpp AXv. XmaknbmsX Atlw
Xm tPmen sNbvXncp \mkbpsS Bm\amb lyqWn \np
CUybntev aSn hp. R \nch[n IpI ssIamdn.
AXv \sf s]mXphmb Imgv NmSpIfn tepw Hcp I
]Xnbntepw \bnp.
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 150
cmPmdmapw Rm\pw ]e t{]mPpIfnepw klIcnp. 'sshZnI
Bcyamcpw \mKcnIXbpsS Dhhpw' F ]pkvXIambncpp
AXnsemv . B ]pkv XIw 1994 HSphn Im\Ubnepw, ]noSv 'thmbv kv
Hm^v CUy' hgn `mcXnepw {]knoIcnp. sshZnI kmlnXyhpw
lmc \mKcnIXbpw Xn Rm Isnb _s Atlw
Dbn ImWn p. B _n s A`mhn AsXmcp
kmlnXyanm \mKcnIXbpw, \mKcnIXbnm kmlnXyhpw
Bbncnpw. ]nmev knp en]nIv \Sv h jm Isnb
hniIe\n\v {]Nmcw sImSppXn Atlw klmbnp.
kckzXnlmc \mKcnIXbnse Ahtijnp ISYIfpsS
Ipcpgnm Cu ]pXnb Is klmbntmw. {]mNo\
`mcXs Ipdnpw B[p\nI {]iv \sf Ipdnpw Hpt]mse
{]_eambn Nnnp Hcmfmbncpp cmPmdmw. Fstmse Xs
kmlNcyfpsS t{ ]cWbm kmln Xy { ]h\n
Fns Bfmbncpp cmPmdmapw. lnp hoW F{X
IpdhmbnmWv `mcXn t]mepw hniZoIcnsSpsXv
Atlw Ip. Ccp]Xp hj Atacn bn Pohn
Atls Amfn n m ]mmXykwkv Imcn \v
BIpambncpn. Fm AXns hkvXp\njvTamb NnmcoXn
Atlw kzmbamnbncpp. Hw `mcXns BymnI
kwkvImchpambp _hpw Atlw \ne\nnbncpp.
]pXnb \nbans Ncn{X]cXsb tNmZyw sNp ss__n
]T\sfpdn pw NmhpIS
]pcmhkv XpsfIpdn psamsbp hn hc cmPmdmw
CUybntev sImv hp. Ccw ]pkv XI ]mmXy
tZifn kpeàmsWn epw CUybn Ah
AdnbsSmhbmWv . AsXms ImcWw Hcp icmicn lnp
hnizknncnpXv ss__n Hcnepw Ir{Xnaw \Snnm
kXykamb Hcp Ncn { X tcJbmsWmWv . AXpt]mse
hn ms cm{ ob CS]mSpIsfbpw BtKmf
A[n\nthisbpsamw hnai\ hnt[bamnb ]T\fpw
Atlw CUybn s]mXpP\ {ibn sImphp.
151 tUhnUv {^men
_nf imkv{X ktf\w
1994 sslZcm_mZnse _nf kbkv skddn ]ucmWnI
`mcXs Ipdnv Hcp {][m\s tIms^dkv \Sp. AXn
Fkv B dmhp, Fkv ]n Kp]vX, `Khm knMv, _n Pn knmYv
XpSnb CUybnse \nch[n {]apJ ]pcmhkv Xp hnZKv Z
]sSpncpp. Fmhcpw Htckzcn Dund Hcp Imcyw
]gb Bcy A[n\nthi knmw sXpw, \nehnep Fm
sXfnhpIpw FXncpamWv FXmWv . `mcXn\v IqSpX
]ucmWnIXbpw thZ kwkvImcn\v {]apJ m\hpw Inp
]pXnsbmcp Ncn{X ImgvmSv Bhiyambncnpp.
C{Xbpw {]K`cmb ]nXamcpsSbpw ]pcmhkv Xp
hnZKvZcptSbpw Hw Ccw Hcp tIm^dkn ]sSppXv
hfsc t{]mml\ P\Iambncpp. Fs {]h\ shdpw
hyn]camb A`ncpNn am{Xa, adnv ap]ecpw Ds ]pXnsbmcp
aptns `mKamsW Xncndnhv F\npmbn. hfsc
hj \o GImamb Fs ]T\n\v tijw Innb
Acsamcp thZn hfsc lrZyamb Hc\p`hambncpp. B
tIm^dkn \npw Hcp Imcyw hyambn, `mcXnse Bcy
A[n \n thiw F hn iz mks Fm hip\n pw
\ncmIcnpIbmWv. Cmcyn Rm Hmbncpn, Fs
hnai\w HsXpambncpn. ]e
Cymmcpw Ctm NnnpXpw, apv NnnncpXpamb
Hcp Imcyw Rm hnkv XcnpI am{Xambncpp Fv F\nv
t_m[yambn.
thZ]T\n\p BtKmf {]m\w (WAVES)
]ucmWnI `mcXspdnp ]pXnb hoWn\v {]Nmcw
sImSppXn\mbn Atacnbn thZ ]nXamcpsS Hcp
Iqmbv a Dbp hp. AXv WAVES F t]cn
thZ]T\n\p BtKmf kwLS\bvv cq]w sImSppIbpw 1996
Htm_dn Avemdbn hv AhcpsS BZys tIms^dkv
\SpIbpw sNbvXp.
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 152
Bcy A[n\nthi knms BZyambn Xnf
{]apJ ]mmXy ]pcmhkv Xp imkv {Xcn Hcmfmb Pbnwkv
kvIm^vs^ (tIkv shkvtS khIemime) AXn ]sSpv
kwkmcnp. Cu cwKs {][m\s ]e hnZKvZcpw CUybnse
{ ]apJ ]pcmhkv Xp imkv { X\mb _n _n emepw
AhnsSbpmbncpp.
cmas ktf\w 1998 temkv Gssekn hv \Sp.
{io _n _n em AXnepw ]sSpncpp. AhnsS hv emens\
IqSpX ASpdnbm\p Ahkcw F\npmbn. em Hcp
ln p]mc\msWpw AXpsImv Atln s
IsepI XmXznIambn XnftbhbmsWpw ]dv
ASpImembn CSXp]m Atln s\Xn sc
Xncnncpp. Fm em Hcp XnI ]nX\pw ]pcmhkvXp
imkv { X\pw hkv XpXm]camb sXfn hpItfbpw kz w
A\p`htfbpw B{ibnph\pambncpp. Atlw hfsc
kulrZtmsS s]cpamdph\pw AmZanI eysmw
BymnI hnjbfn XXv]c\pambncpp. CSXp] cm{ob
XmXv ]cyv hn epXSn bmWv Fv tXmn ph
Icnhmcntbv sSpXns asmcp DZmlcWambncpp {io
em. Fn epw CSXp]mv Atln s\Xn sc
Ncn{Xnsdbpw ]pcm hkvXpimkv{Xnsdbpw shfnn
shphnfn Dbm Ignn. ImcWw Atlns \nKa\
Xopw bpn`{Zhpw DdXpambncpp.
sP F bp
CUybnepw Atacnbnepap ]e thZnIfnepw ]etmgpw
Rm kwkmcn Xn Hcp { ][m\ hn jbw Bcy
A[n \n thiambn cpp. AXn s Hcp sImn emiw F
t]msebmbncpp 1999 s^{_phcnbn sUlnbnse Phlem
s\{lp bqWnthknnbn \S Fs {]kwKw.
hjfmbn CUybnse amIv knv NnbpsS Hcp
kp{][m\ tI{ambncpp sP F bp. Ncn{XImcnbmb tdmanf
153 tUhnUv {^men
Ymdns\ t]mep AhnSs s{]m^kam Dd IyqWnpIfpw
CSXp] hmfpw Bbn AdnbsSphcmWv. Fs {]kwKw
\S lm \qdpWn\v hnZymYnIsf sImv \ndp Ihnv
\Sphnse CS\mgnbn hsc ]ecpw Ccnpdnnpmbncpp.
CUybnse Cu {]apJ amIv knv tImbn Fmhpw
ImWpamdv R sshZnI _m\ Dbnbnpmbncpp.
']pcmX\ `mcXw' F hnjbn {]K`cmb {io Fkv ]n Kp]vX,
`Khm knMv, tZth{ kzcq]v Fnhcpw FtmsSmapmbncpp.
RfpsS hnjbmhXcWs CSXp] Aym]Icmcpw
shphnfnpIbpmbn. Fm CSXp]mcs\v hyamb
Hcp hnZymYn hfsc IuXpIIcamb Hcp {]iv\w Dbnp. BZyambn
Xs Fs AZv`pXsSpnsmv, Ncn{X]camb sXfnhpIfpsS
ASnm\n Bcy A[n\nthi knmw sXmsWv
sXfnbnp RfpsS AhXcWs AwKoIcnpp Fbm
Gp ]dp. Fm ]noSbm ]dXv Cu knmns
Xn tcm[m\w ln p aXauen I in Iv DtP\w
]IcpsaXn\m \manXns\ DbnnSnpI Xs thWw
FmWv.
Ncn{Xns cm{obhcWw XSbm CXmhiyamWv .
Abm ]dp. IyqWnvIfpsS NnmcoXn ChnsS hyamhpp.
sXfnhpI AhsXnsc BsWn Ah AXns\ hensdnbpw.
cm{obw am{XamWv Ahv {][m\w.
AmZanI ]nXmcpsS hntcm[w
]e ]nXamcpw, {]tXyInv ]mmXy Fs thZ
KthjW {]h\sf hnainm Xmdmbn. Rm\pbnb
hnjbfmbncpn AhcpsS {]iv\w, adnv F\nv CsXms
sNm\p AmZanI tbmKyXI C FXmbncpp Ahsc
AenbXv. F\nv CtmfPnbn Hcp ]mmXy khIemimem
_n cpZw CmXn \m Rm ]dbpsXmpw hIhp
XtcXn spw ]cn tim[n p t\mmsX Xs
XnfbmhpXmsWpw D \ne]mSnembncpp Ah. Rm
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 154
At\I hj thZ]T\n\pw ]mccy BNmcymcpambp
NIpw sNehgnnph\msWp Imcysampw Ahv
{][m\ambn tXmnbn. Cu AmZanI ]nXmcn Hcp]t
Bcpw Xs Rm sNbvXXp t]mse X\n kwkvIrXn t\cnv
thZ ]Tnnpmbncnn. ]etmgpw ]T\v aphcpsS
hnhcWtftbm, ImelcWs hoWsftbm B{ibnp
Ahcn ]ecpw XfpsS hymJym\fn hfsc ASnm\]camb
]n ghpI hcpn bn pv . AtX BfpI Xs { io
Achns\tmep almtbmKnIfpsS thZsfpdnp
Imgv mSpIsf Xn fbm aSn mdpan . Fm
khIemimem _ncpZapsn Hcp IyqWnv NnIs thZ
hoWv Ah AwKoImcw \IpIbpw sNpw!
kckzXo \Znbpw AXns Xocv Iss \nch[n
]pcmhkvXp taJeIfpsampw ]T\ hnt[bamm an AmZanI
]nXamcpw Xmd. Bcy A[n\nthi knmns\Xnsc
Dbcp GsXmcp hnai\tbpw sslh cm{obns
t]cp]dp Xnfbm\mWv Ah apXncpI. Fm km{amPy
inIfpw anjWdnamcpw amIv knpIfpw XfpsS cm{ob
t\v thn CtX knmw hjfmbn D]tbmKnp
hcnIbmsW Imcyw Ah hnkvacnpp.
`mKyhim Cntm nXnamdn hcpp. khIemimem
]nXamv AhKWnm\mhm Iptd ]pcmhkvXp hnZKvZ
Ctm Bcy A[n \n thi kn ms Xn fbm
Xmdmbnpv . Pbnwkv kv Im^v s^ ]dbpp "ZntWjy
Ncn{XmXoX Ncn{X ImeLfnse kmwkvImcnI ss\ccys
]npWp hnhc Znhtk\sbtmWw IqSnqSn hcnIbmWv.
B \nev Ncn{XhyJym\ns Cs ktXfn Imcyamb
Agnp]Wn Xs thnbncnpp. ZntWjy kmwkvImcnI
Ncn { Xn s Imcyn Ctmgpw ASn tn sp
sImncnp ]Xns\mw \qmnse efnXamb hymJym\coXnIsf
R inbmbn Xs Xnfbpp. ZntWjysb ]nbp
]T\ Ccp]nsbmmw \qmns\ kao]npsImncnp
155 tUhnUv {^men
Cu thfbn ]gb hymJym\sf Nnc{]XnjvT sNpXn\v ]Icw
]pcmhkvXp hnZKvZ ITn\mzm\neqsS ]pdpsImp hcp
]pXnb hnhcsf hniIe\w sNpIbmWv thXv.
AmZanI hr hkvXp\njvTamb ]T\n\p taJe
FXn\p]cn ]ehn[ m]nX XmXv]cyfpsS A`btI{amWv.
AmZanI ]nXamv BymnI ]mccytfmSv henb
_lpam\an. Ah kzw _unI ]cnanXnIpdap
BymnI hnjbfnepw XfpsSB[nImcnIX AhImisSpw.
]etmgpw X FmWv sNpsXv t]mepw AdnbmsX
cm{obhpw kmwkvImcnIhpamb API \SmnsbSpm
XfpsS ]ZhnIsf D]tbmKsSppp! Atacn kvIqfpIfn
lnpaXw t]mep aXsf hniIe\w sNptm Ahsb shdpw
kmwkv ImcnI {]Xn`mk F an kmaqly cm{ob
kmn I hoWfn eqsSbp ]T\ am{ Xta
\SpIbpp. t\cnp A\p`hns ASnm\nep ]T\w
Xptemw IpdhmWv. AXn\pw Apdap tbmK thZm Xenep
]mT Csp Xs ]dbmw. PohnXns ]pdw tamSnIv
B[p\nI a\nep kz[o\w sImv , AymnIXsbbpw
PohnXns Hcp _mlyhiambn t\mn ImWp Hch
hnpv . AymnIXbneqnb `mcXns kwkv Imcn\v
AXlnp {]m[m\yw \mw sImSpmXn Hpw AZv`pXan.
thZfnse tbmKimkv{Xw
thZfnse tbmKimkv {Xns thcpI Ism
F\np Hpw hnjaapmbn. a{ntdbpw [ym\nsdbpw
amKfpw, kqv a icocsbpw t_m[aen s
inItfbpw HsIpdnp AXns [mcWIfpw \msSpXv
thZfnemsWv Rm Isn. {io Achns Cu Znibnep
DmgvNI hfsc klmbIcambncpp. Atlw ap]pXs
XpdpIgn Cu ]mX Rm ]npScpI am{Xta sNbv Xpq.
Fm CUybn \npt]mepap hfscpdv ]nXamcpsS
{ibn am{Xta CXv s]npq F Imcyw Fs AXnibnnp.
DZmlcWn\v {io Achns\ t\cnv Adnbmambncpsnepw tUm
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 156
cm[mIrjW thZsfpdn p Cu kp{ ][m\ `mKw
{innpmbncpn. Atlw amIvkv apdpsS hoWfmWv
kzoIcnXv.
EtKz Zn se tZhXI Bcn I { ]{ In bIfpsS
{]XoIfmsWXv Fs kw_nnStmfw kphyamb
hkvXpXbmbncpp. sshZnIamb AKv\n, BcXen NnZmKv\n
AYhm t_m[ns AKv\nbmWv. thZnse tkmaw B\amWv.
C{ ]ca]pcpj AYhm ipXXzw. {]]ns _mlyhpw
BcnIhpamb ]e Xefnep Cu XXzfpsS {]Imi\s
ZtymXnnphbmWv sshZnI a{.
DZmlcWn\v, AKv\n icocns Xen PTcmKv\nbmWv.
IpdpIqsS kqv a Xen AXv { ]mW AYhm
izmtkmOzmkamWv. am\knI Xen AXv [mcWm inbmWv.
_pnbn AYhm a\ns DXaen CXv hnthIns
PzmebmWv . BXenemIs CtX AKv \n Dabmbnpw
{]XysSpp.
thZ Ccw {]t_m[\sf koamb `mjbnemWv
]dnpXv. ']tcm {]nbm ln tZh {]Xy Zzni' Fh
Bhnv ]dncnpp. AXns Aw 'tZhamcpw
EjnIfpw ]tcmambXns\ CsSpp, hyambXns\b'
FmWv . EjnI hntcm[m`mk coXnbnemWv kwkmcnmdv ,
t\cnp `mjbne. Ncn{XnepS\ofw Ccnep \nch[n
DZmlcW ImWm Ign bpw. \s a\n s
]cnanXnIpdtbvv \bnm alp Fmmehpw
Cu coXn D]tbmKnnpXmbn ImWmw.
ihpw Zn hyfmb \mafpw D]tbmKn v \psS
Bmhns\ DWm\p a{tbmKns Hcp ]mX EtKzZw
\apv Xpdp Xcpp. bPqthZamIs izmkKXnsbbpw Db
eyt_m[sbpw D]tbmKsSpnsmv DntepXncnbm
t{]cnnp {]mWtbmKamWv Xpdp XcpXv. Db A\p`qXn
Xetbpw, Xn cn dn hn s\bpw D]tbmKn v a\n t\bpw
157 tUhnUv {^men
lrZbsbpw tamN\ntev \bnp [ym\ tbmKns
]mXbmWv kmathZw NqnmWnpXv. Cu aqp thZfpw
hmv {]mW a\v Fns\ \psS {]IrXnbpsS aqp
`mKfpambn pw, Pm{ KXv kz ]v \w kpjp]v Xn Fn s\
t_m[n s aqp Xefpambn pw _sn cn pp.
]pdtabmIs Ah `qtemIw, `phtemIw, kzKw Fns\
aqptemIfpambnmWv _sSpXv.
Cu sshZnI amKn ZnhyinItfmSp `nbpw,
AhbpsS icnbmb kzcq]s AdnbpXn\p m\amKhpw
ka\zbnnncnpp. Cu inIfmhs Bmhns inIfmWv
Xm\pw. Cusbmcp kao]\w apgph lnpkwkv IrXnbpsSbpw
asm hitfbpw AXnepcpncn k{Zmbtfbpw
IcpnSnnpXn\p ASnm\ cq]tcJbmbn Xop. Fs
BZyIme IrXn I! , { ]tXyIn v ' ]ucmWn I Ejn IfpsS
m\ssh`hw' F IrXn bn se EtKz Z Xa
XXz imkv { X]chpw, ImhymIhpamb Hcp kao]\amWv
kzoIcnpXv. Cv Rm B thZa{v {]m]nI am\knI
inIfpsS cq]tcJI F\nebn IqSpX imkv {Xobhpw
IrXyhpamb hymJym\ \Ipambncpp. CXv Rm hcpw
hjfn sNm\m{KlnpIbpw sNpp.
sshZnI kamPw
1998 kp`mjv Impw Rm\pw IqSn sshZnIkamPw F
t]cn ]pXnsbmcp sshZnI Iqmbv av cq]w \In. Cns Bhiyw
Hcp ]pXnb aXtam, ]pXnb Kpcpthm Hpa , adnv Hcp ]pXnb
coXn bn ep Bymn I m\amWv . Fmn \pap]cn B
m\s {]tbmKhcnm Ignbp Hcp ]pXnb kaqlamWv.
sshZnI kamPw AYhm k\mX\ thZ kwLw thZfpsS
Fmhisfbpw t]mjnnpIbpw sImmSpIbpw sNp
Acw Hcp kaqls hn `mh\w sNpp.
Bmht_m[n tdXmb ]pXn b bpKn \v Acw
thZ]mTimeIfpw sshZnI kamPfpw AXymt]nXamWv.
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 158
sshZnI kamPns Dtyiey
1. hnhn[fmb sshZnI m\ k{Zmbsf {]NcnnpI.
2. imkv{X BymnI aefnse hnhn[ hnm\fpambn
sshZnI m\s _sSppI.
3. B{]Imi\n\pw, BkwXr]vXnpw `qXZbpap Hcp
hgn XpdpI.
4. P\fn epw { ]IrXn bn epw kpen Xamb _sf
t{]mmlnnpI.
5. hnIknp hcp hnhckmtXnI hnZybptSXmb temIn
hgn ImpXn \mhiyamb AZi\hpw m\hpw
hnIknnpI.
sshZnI kamPns XXz
1. Fpw \ndp\np, khmKXhpw AXo{nbhpamb
Hcp ]caXXzw ({_w) ChnsSbpv.
2. {_s AdnbpXneqsS am{Xta \apv \psS PohnXns
eynsem Ignbq.
3. {_s AdnbpXn\v BymnI DbbnqSn t\Sp
m\w AXymhiyamWv.
4. AIpw ]pdpaph Xnep ]ckv]c _w Cu m\w
km[yamnopp. thZfnepw BKafnepw Cu
_sfpdnv ]dncnpp.
5. tbmKw, [ym\w, tkh\w, A\pjv Tm\, imkv { Xw
Fnhsbmw Cu m\w t\Sm\p hgnIfmWv.
6. Cu m\w IspXn \pw P\n Sbn
{]NcnnpXn\pw Hcp kamPw BhiyamWv.
7. ]caamb Cu m\ns At\zjWhpw AXn\mhiyamb
A`yk\fpw ]cn ioe\hpw Cu kamPn s apJy
]cn]mSnIfn s]Spp.
159 tUhnUv {^men
8. m\n \pw AXn s kmmXv Imcn \pw AXn s
{]NcWn\pw sImSpp hyn]camb kaWs
ASnm\amnbmWv Cu kamPnse AwKXzw.
9. Bcm[\, [ym\w, NI XpSnbhbvmbn Cu kamPnse
AwK ]Xnhmbn Hcpanv IqtSXpv.
]mmXy sslh kwL
CUybn ep Fs { ]h\tfmsSmw Rm
Atacnbnse lnp {KqpIfpambn tNpw {]hnm XpSn.
Rm Fs tbmK]T\ XpSn b Adp]XpIfpsS
Ahkm\Ln Atacnbn hfsc Ipdv lnp am{Xta
Dmbncppq. Fm sXmqdpIfpsS XpSn Fs
thZ]T\w ]ptcmKanm XpSnbtmtgpw Atacnbn
hnZymkcpw [\nIcpaSp Hcp kaqlambn lnp
amdngnncpp. Rm t_m, lyq, Avemdm XpSn
cmPysapap lnp t{Xfpw kmaqly kwLS\Ifpw
kinp. Chbn Ghpw {][m\w Atacnbnse hniz lnp
]cnjmbncppshnepw av ]e {KqpIfpambn tNpw Rm
{]hnpIbpmbn.
CUybnep XfpsS kl{]hIsc t]mse hnFv
]n bpsS Atacn { ]hIcpw ln p[w
]TnnpXn\pthn Hcp t^mdw cq]oIcnnpmbncpp.
AXpt]mse lnp[s {]Xntcm[npXn\v Bhiyamb
hn hc t{ImUoIcn , hn hn [ sslh hn `mKfpw
BNmcyamcpw Xnep kw XpSnb ]e taJeIfnepw
Ah hym]cn n cpp. Dukz eXbpw, kaWhpw,
Nnmtijnbphcpamb hnFv]nbpsS Hcp]nSn t\Xmtfbpw
ASpdnbphm F\nnShp.
]mmXyhcn s ]e Atacn ln pfpw
XfpsS ]mccys IspXn \pw AXv XfpsS
Ipn Ip IqSn ê{ ]Zambn ]IpsImSppXn \pw
{ianpXmbn Rm Ip.
Ahcn IqSpX t]cpw tUmamtcm, imkv {Xtcm
Iyq hnZKv Ztcm Hs Bbncpp. B[p\nI imkv {Xhpw
lnp[hpw Xn Hcp sshcpyhpw Ahcn ]epw ImWm
Ignncpn. Hcp \ lnphmbncnpXpw Hcp \ Atacn
]uc\mbncnpXpw Xnepw Hcp s]mcptSpw Dmbncpn.
hmkvXhn ]ctZi hmknIfmb lnp, {]tXyInpw henb
\Kcfn Pohnphtcm am[yafn {]hnphtcm
Hs Bbh CUybnse lnptfm IqSpXembn sslh
]mccys ]npWpXmbnmWv Rm IXv.
]mmXy kwkvImcns A\p`hw XfpsS BymnI
kwkvImcs Dt]nm Ahv ImcWambn Fpam{Xa,
{ItaW AXntehsc aSnsmp hcnI IqSnsbvXp. ]mmXy
temIn s kz mX{ ytbpw karn tbbpw
hneaXnpXnt\msSmw Xs AXns Bob Zmcn{Zytbpw
Ah Xncndnp. Atacnbn Xsbp ]e ]mmXy
aXkwLfpw 6000 hjv apv am{XamWv {]]apmbXv
F ss__n kfn Ddp \nptm, lnpaXw,
{]tXyInv thZmw IqSpX imkv {Xobhpw bpn`{Zhpw
{]Xon `mhnbpXpamsWv Ah Ip.
Atacn lnp t\cnSp {][m\ {]iv\w, ]mmXy
temIv P\np hf AhcpsS IpnIfn XfpsS ]mccys
Ipdnp Aht_m[hpw aXnpw Fs\ DWmw FpXmWv.
]mmXy t]mv kwkv Imcw Ahsc IpSpnemn D]t`mK
kwkvImcns PohnXssienbntev XnbnSpIbpw, IqSpX
kqv aamb AhcpsS kwthZ\ aXsb DWnfbpIbpw
sNpp. Fnepw Cu Atacn D]t`mK kwkv Imcs
161 tUhnUv {^men
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 162
adn ISm Xhn [w sshhn yamXpw kmwkv Imc
khpamb Hcp aXw FhnsSsbnepapsn AXv lnpaXamWv
Fv Rm IcpXpp.
lnp hnZymYn kwLw
Hcp ]t Rm IXn hv Ghpw {InbmIamb
kwLS\ FvFkvkn AYhm lnp pUdvkv Iukn BWv.
AXv tImtfPv ImpIfn lnp kwkv Imchpw aqeyfpw
Bibfpw {]NcnnpXn\pthn hnZymYnIfpw ]qh
hnZymYnIfpw IqSntv cq]oIcn Hcp kwLS\bmbncpp.
\nch[n imJIfpw \qdpWn\v AwKfpambn Atacnbnse
Acnep Ghpw henb kwLS\bmbncpp AXv. Rm
bq\nthknnIfnepw k IympIfnepambn AhcpsS \nch[n
]cn]mSnIfn ]sSppIbpw AhcpsS ]e t\Xmfpambn
]cnNbn hcnIbpw sNbvXp.
FvFkvkn AwK lnp bqWnthkv Ft]cn Hcp
Cds\v sskv cq]oIcnncpp. AXmWv Ghpw henb lnp
Cds\v sskv. AXv kwkvImcw, Ncn{Xw, t{X, ssZh
k, `P\I XpSn ln paXs kw_n
GXmsm hn jbfn epap hn m\fpsS Hcp
`mKmcamWv . Ah Ftdbpw ap]e lnp NnIcpsSbpw
]pkvXIfpw teJ\fpw Hmsse\n {]knoIcnp.
]mmXy _nn\kv AmZanI cwKfn BymnIhpw
cm{obhpw Bb sslh aqey ka\zbnnpXn Fv
Fkv kn AwK hnPbnp. XfpsS iamb IpSpw_ ASnd,
BymnI XXz, BkaWtmsSbp ]T\w XpSnb
sslh ]mew Atacnbn Hc\p{KlamsWv Ah
Xncndnp. aX]chpw kmwkvImcnIhpamb thXncnepIfpsS
Apdtv \mw t]mtI Cu B[p\nI temIn hnPbw
hcnpXn\v lnpaXw Hcp _m[yXb adnv Hc\p{KlamsWv
Ah Xn cn dn p. Fv Fkv kn bn an Spcmb [mcmfw
bphmmcpw bphXnIfpw Dv. lnpaXn\p thn `mhnbn
Ah hfsc kw`mh\I sNpIbpw AXns\ temIn\v IqSpX
163 tUhnUv {^men
kzoImcyamn XopIbpw sNpw. FvFkvknv Atacn
hnFv]nbpambn Hcp Ab _hpapv.
tm_ hnj 2000
Atacnbn \S lnp]cn]mSnIfn hv Fmesbpw
{][m\s Hmbncpp tm_ hnj 2000. kzman hnthIm\s
Nn mtKm {]kwKn s \qdmw hmjn ItmS\p_n v
1993embncpp AXv \SXv. hnFv]nbpsS t\XrXzn \nch[n
lnp kwLS\I AWn\ncp. lnpaXw, CUy, aXmc
kwhmZ XpSn ]ehnjbfpambn _sv sNdpmpw
Amhpw thn bp ]cn ]mSn I ASn b Hcp
tIm^dkn Av ]Xn\mbncn]cw BfpI ]sSpp.
Rm AXnse ]e kZpIfnepw kwkmcnpIbpw ]e {][m\
hyn Isf Ahn sS hv ]cn NbsSpIbpw sNbv Xp.
]mmXytemIv Dbp hpsImncnp bYm lnp
kaqltbpw lnp isbpw B P\kaqln Hcmv
Zinm\mIpambncpp.
Fm ]mmXyhpw `mcXobhpamb am[ya
hntZzjtmSpIqSnbmWv B ktf\s t\mnXv FXn
HcXnibhpan. kq^nkhpw Atacn Xtiob hnizmkfpw
DssS {]Xn\n[m\w sNs hnjbfpsS kXsb A
Ah DbnmnbXv, adnv ]pdv {]Xntj[w \Snb Hcp]nSn
{ ]Xn tj[mscbmWv . kz Xth kam[m\Imwn Ifpw,
kln jv Wpfpamb ln p kz bw kwLSn ptm
FpsImmWv aph C{Xb[nIw `bsSpXv Fv Rm
]etmgpw AXnibnnpv . F\nv tXmpXv iamb
kmwkv Imcn I ASn dbpw, { ]t_m[\fpw ln paXw
Dsmpp FXpw AXn\m Xs Xpey\nebvp hm
AXnt\mSv Xv InS\nm\mIn F AhcpsS `bhpamWv
CXn\v ImcWw FmWv.
kzman \mcmb kaqlw
lnpfn Ghpw \mbn kwLSnnsnpXpw
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 164
AXym[p\nI kmtXnI hnZybpsS Imcynepw amyans
Imcynepw khpamb {Kqv Hcp ]t kzman \mcmb
kaqlamWv. AtXkabw Hcp ]t B[p\nI k\ymk kaqln
Ghpw AS ]qamb hn`mKhpw AhcmWv.
1991emWv F\nv BZyambn kzman \mcmb kaqln
\nv Ww InpXv. \yq tPknbn hp \S AhcpsS `mcXob
kmwkv ImcntImhn bphmsf A`nkwt_m[\ sNbv Xv
kwkmcnm thnbmbncpp AXv . bphmfpsS thZnIfn
]n oSpw Rm ]etmgpw kwkmcn pIbpmbn . bph
k\ymknamcn Hcm Fs 'DWcq APp\m' F {Kw
hmbn n pmbn cpp. AXn s t]cn Atlw Fs
WnpIbmbncpp. AhnsS hv F\nv AhcpsS Xeh\pw Hcp
alm km[phpamb {]apJv kzmanbpsS Zi\hpw InpIbpmbn.
]noSv Rm KpPdmnse A Zmanep AhcpsS t{Xw
kinpIbpw, Hcp ktf\n 'Kpcphns ]v ' F
hn jbs A[n Icn v kwkmcn pIbpapmbn . ]n oSv
{_n\ntep Fs bm{Xbn e\nep AhcpsS am_n
t{Xnepw Rm t]mbn.
Chbnsems Ghpw {][m\sXv 1997 apw_bn hv
\S `mcXob kwkv ImcntImhambncpp. AXmIs {]apJv
kzmanbpsS Fgp]mw PZn\hpambncpp. AhnsS Rm Hcp
sNdnb {]`mjWw \Sn. kzman \mcmb kaqlw apw_bnep
tNcn{]tZiv Hcp `qan kzamn AhnsS Hcp B[p\nI t{Xhpw
DZym\hpw Hs \nnncpp. temIns {]iv \v
]cnlmcap `mhnbnse lnpaXns Hcp amXrIbmWv AXv.
`nbpsS in F{X am{XamsWv AXv ImWnpp.
Cwv ]cyS\w
1996 HSphn Rm Hcp aqmgvNmew Cwn ]cyS\w
\SpIbpmbn. hSv \yqImn apX sXv e hscbpw
]Snmdv ImUn^v hscbpw \nch[n bqWnthknnIfnepw,
t{Xfnepw {]`mjW \SpIbpmbn. {_nWnse hn
Fv]nbpw FFvFkvF^pw (\mj\ lnp pUdvkv t^mdw)
165 tUhnUv {^men
tNmbn cpp B ]cyS\w kwLSn n Xv . ' ln paXw
hniZoIcnsSpp' F AhcpsS ]pXnb ]pkvXIw {]Imi\w
sNm Ah FtmSv Bhiysncpp. Aym]Ip ssKUv
Bb B {Kw ]noSv {_nojv kvIqfpIfnse Hcp ]mT]pkvXIambn
AwKoIcnsp.
Fv Fkv kn AwKsftmse Cwnse hnZymYnIfpw
XnIpw HunIyaphcmbncpp. Ah ]e hnjbsfbpw
A[nIcnv FtmSv \nch[n tNmZy tNmZnpIbpmbn.
Cwn se ln p P\kwJybn IqSpX
A\p]mXapmbncpp. Ah Atacnbnse t]mse A{Xb[nIw
NnXdnb IgnncpXv . Atacnbnse lnpsftmse
kcpw hnZym`ymkaphcpambncpp Ahcpw. Fm
Ckv fman I Xo{ hhmZn s Itn \v IqSpX
hn t[bambn mbn cpp Ah Ign n cpXv . AXmIs
Xn Sbn ep AhcpsS ]ckv ]c _w IqSpX
CgbSpapXmhm ImcWhpambncpp.
Cymmsctm ZntWjymsctm Hs AdnbsSm
Csncp Atacn lnpfpambn XmcXayw sNptm
Ch lnp FpXs hnfnsSm\mWv CsncpXv .
Cwnse BZy Ime lnpfn ]ecpw {_nojv B{^nbn
\n v A`bmYn Ifmbn hhcmbn cpXp sImv Ahsc
CUymscv hnfnm\pw \nhrnbn. Fm ZntWjy
F s]mXp\maw Cu D]`qJn se ln psfbpw
apotfbpw Iqnspp. Fm Cu cv kaqlfpsSbpw
kmwkv ImcnIhpw hnZym`ymk]chpamb t\fpw {_nojv
kaqlnep AhcpsS tdmfpIfpw hfsc hyXykvXfmbncpp.
lnp hnZym`ymk]camb t\pSaIfmbncpp Fm
apomIs sXcphp kwLfn sNps]Sm\mbncpp
hmk\. apotfmsSmw ZntWjymscv AdnbsSm
lnpv XmXv]cyapmbncpn. ImcWw AXhcpsS t\sf
apopIqSn ]phpsImSppIbpw apofpsS
B{IafpsS ]gn XfpsS Xebn IqSn hpsIpIbpw sNpw.
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 166
CUy XncnsI AXns ]gb tImf\n hmgvNmcmb {_ns
ta kz [o\w sNeppXv ImWm hfsc ckIcamWv .
{_nojpIm CUy `Wfntev Xncnbpp. lnpaXhpw
{ItaW AhcpsS PohnXfntev ISp hcpw. Xobmbpw
lnpfpw _pcpw Xntem Fn\v lnpfpw apofpw
Xntem t]mepap hyXymkadnbm ]e Atacnmtcmfpw
Cmcyn {_nojpIm IqSpX XncndnhphcmWv.
{Sn\nUmUv
Atacn cmPyfpsS Iqn henb Hcp lnp kaqlw
Pohn p cmPyamWv { Sn \n UmUv . 1 996 Rm B Zz o]v
kinpIbpw AhnSs lnp kwkv Imchpw, \nch[n
at\mlcamb t{Xfpw ImWpIbpapmbn. AXv GXmv
CUybn hcpXp t]mep Hc\p`hambn cpp. ln p
ssZhfmb inh\pw l\pam\psamw AhnsS t{Xfpv.
]noSv Rm {Sn\nUmUv almk`bpambn kn hp.
lnp[ kw_nbmb [mcmfw teJ\ FgpXp Iptd \
FgppIm AhnsSbpv . Ico_nb Zzo] kaqlfnep
ln psfpdn v adpt]mIcptX Fv Ah FtmSp
Bhiysp. AXpsImp F\nv Ahscbpw ChnsS kvacnmsX
h. Kbm\bn epw hen sbmcp ln p kaqlapv . asmcp
`qJn ln paXw Fs\ ]]n Sn psaXn s
DZmlcWamWv Ico_nb Zzo]nse lnp. icnpw lnp
AhcpsS hntZifnep ktlmZcsfpdnv A[nIsampw
Nnnnn. AXhsc Ffpn aXwamn\v hnt[bamImhp
CcIfmn amnbncnpp.
temIhym]Iambn t\mptm `mcXn \p ]pdv
Pohnp lnpfpsS Fw ]v Ziene[nIamWv .
AXmhs IqSn smpan cn pp. ]etmgpw Hcp hn tZi
cmPysptm kzw ]men\v BfpI IqSpX
hneInmdpv . `mcXn\p ]pds lnp AhcpsS
lnpXzspdnv IqSpX t_m[hmamcmWv. anjWdnamcpsS
t\mpnIfmsWXv Ahsc XfpsS kzXzspdnv IqSpX
167 tUhnUv {^men
IcpXephcmpp.
Rms\mcp Imcyw {inXv CUyp ]pdv lnp,
hnZym`ymk cwKmIs, _nkn\nemIs \ coXnbn A`nhrn
{]m]npp FXmWv. IpSpw_ _, ]Tnm\p a\v
XpSnb sslh aqey Cmcyn Ahsc XpWbvpp.
AXpsImpXs lnpaXa `mcXns Zmcn{Zyn\pw
sISpImcyXpw ImcWw Fp hyamWv. AXns ImcWw
{_nojv tatmbvabn \np Innb DZtymK ta[mhnXzhpw,
s\{lp ISsaSp tkmhnbv kZv hyhbpamWv . sslh
cm{ ob kmn I aqeyfn tev IqSpX IqSpX
ASpptmdpw CUybpsS hnZym`ymk kmnI \nehmcw
htXmXn DbcpItb Dq.
Irkv XpaXtbpw
Cmant\bpw Ipdnv IqSpX ]T\w
Hcp aXhpw Hcmfns taepw hv sIm HcpXcnep
\n_hpw Dmhm ]mSn. Fmnepap ZnhyXzs
_lpam\npI FXmbncnWw ssZhns BZy I\.
cmaXmbn aX *{]hN\ ]mSn. \apdnbmhpXv \mw
]TnnWw. Fnv aphsc kzbw AXns kXyw Ism
A\phZnWw. \psS s]cpamhpw hynXzhpw HsbmWv ,
{]NcWtam òjWntbm hmKv Zm\tfm Hpa aphsc
kzm[o\ntXv.
aphsc A[nt]npXnt\m {]tem`nnpXnt\m
thn Cuizcs \man \mw kwkmcnm ]mSn. Hcp aXhpw
temIs apgph aXw ampXv XfpsS ISatbm AhImitam
Bbn IWmm ]mSn. BymnI amKfnse sshhn[ys
\mw kz mKXw sNWw. Hn t\bpw Ahkm\ hmmbn
IcptXXn.
ln p AhcpsS aX kmwkv Imcn I Bymn I
hn iz mkfpsS Imcyn ]n Sn hmin mc. XfpsS
k{ Zmbn s AIpw ]pdpambn at\Iw hgn I
thsdbpapmhmw F kmyXbn Ah hnizknpp.
Fmhcpw lnpfmbn amdWw Fp \n_nmsX XfpsS
{InkvXy apow ktlmZcsf Btjnm Ah Ftmgpw
HcpamWv. Fm "R \nfpsS aXs AwKoIcnpn.
R \nfpsS ]pWy {Ktfbpw, A\pjv Tm\tfbpw
Xnfbpp. c Rp am{XapXmWv , \nn.
\psS amKntev \nsf aXw amp {]h\n Hcp
Ipdhpw hcpm R Dtin pn . " Fn s\
]dbphsc AwKoIcnm Bpw kmya.
CXmWv \qmpIfmbn lnptfmSp {InkvXym\nIfptSbpw
apofptSbpw ktiw. atXXc temIn se cm{ob
XmXv ]cyfpsS t]cn hcpnb Ipdv A]hmZsfmgnm
CXmWv AhcpsS cn Iencnp apJy ktiw.
F\nv AwKoIcnm Ignbnsnepw {Inkv XpaXnsdbpw
Cmansdbpw t\scbp Fs {][m\ hnai\w AhcpsS
hnizmksfpdn. XfpsS lrZbsf BIjnp
GsXmcp XXz kwln Xbpw ]n pScm P\v
kzmX{yapmbncns. Fs hnai\w Cu cp ktlmZc
aXfptSbpw ISp Akln jv WpXbv pw an jWdn
{]h\pw FXnscbmWv. AXv Ah sNm {ianp
asm \ ImcyfptSbpw ta Icn\ng hogvpp.
IqSpX hnimea\kvIcmb {InkvXym\nI Ccw anjWdn
{]h\sf icnbmb {InkvXpaXns `mKa Fp ]dv
kzbw Xnftpw.
Fm CXns\ hnainmt\m \ndpemmt\m Ah Hpw
sNpn. Asn Cu anjWdn ISpItw F{Xam{Xw
òIcamsW [mcW Hcp]t Ahpmhn. Fm Cu
anjWdn B{IaWn\v AdpXn hcpnbnsn temIn henb
tXmXnep \miw Dmhm AXv ImcWamtbpw. {]tXyInpw
ssN\tbbpw CUytbbpw t]msebp henb cmPy AhcpsS
B{IaWn\v IqSpX hnt[bamhm XpSptm.
AXpt]mse ]e ln pfpw ]n aXsbpw
169 tUhnUv {^men
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 170
{InkvXpaXsbpw Xn thXncnv ImWpp. Ah {InkvXphns\
Hcp ]pWy]pcpj\mbpw AhXmcw Xsbmbpw ImWptm Xs
]naXs AmsS XnfbpIbmWv sNpXv . Fm
sZu`mKyhim {Inkv XpaXns apJy[mc CUybnepw
asmbn Spw ]n aXn s ssIIfn emWv .
{InkvXphnsdt\p lnpfpsS hnime lrZbtmsSbp
Cu Bcm[\sb t]mepw aXam eytmSpIqSn Ahsc
sacpnsbSpm D]tbmKsSppIbmWv anj\dnam sNpXv.
AmsX AtXt]msemcp _lpam\w IrjvWt\mtSm _pt\mtSm
Ah {]ISnnpn.
{ In kv Xym\n Ifpw apofpw XfpsS kln jv WpX
{]ISnnm bYmYn B{Klnppsn AhcmZyw
sNtXv XfpsS 'CXpam{Xw' hmZw hen sdn bpIbpw
lnpaXhpw {]mIrXaXhpw DssSbp asm amKtfbpw
AwKoIcn pIbpamWv . Ah XfpsS aXam ]cn ]mSn
Ahkm\n n Ww. Fn v kXysasv IsWsa
DtitmsS av aXfpambn kwhmZfn GsSpIbpw
Hsmcpanv {]hnm XmdmhpIbpw thWw. ap aXsf
A[n t]n , _e{ ]tbmKn eqsSbpw Ipn X
{]NcWneqsSbpw aphsc aXamm {ian XfpsS
Ncn{Xs sNmn Ah am]Ww sNm XbmdmhWw. AmsX
klnjv WpXsbpdnp AhcpsS AhImihmZw aph
hnizknm\nSbn. IrkvXym\nIfpsSbpw apofpsSbpw CSbn
Ncn { Xn epS\ofw \n ch[n \ a\pjycpw Zn hyamcpw
Pohnncpnpv FXv Hcp hkv XpX am{XamWv . Xobmbpw
Rm\Xv Hcnepw \ntj[npIbn.
Fm a\pjypw ZnhyXbvv AlXbpv. {InkvXym\nIfpw
apofpw AXn\]hmZa. Fm XfpsS ]nSnhminbpw
aXmthihpw ImcWw Ah aphcnse ZnhyXzn \nv AIp
t]mIpp. AXv Ahv XfpsS Dnep ZnhyXzw IqSn
\sSm ImcWamIpp. CXv kzw \nev `{Zamb ap
hnizmksf \innm\pw AhaXnm\pw Ahsc t{]cnnpI
IqSn sNpp.
171 tUhnUv {^men
Db Hcp t_m[Xesbpw kXysbpw Ipdn v
Fma\pjycnepw {]IrXym Xs Hcht_m[apv. Fm Cu
Aht_m[n\v hfv hnIknm AhkcsamcppXn\v ]Icw
aX AXns\ XfpsS aphn[nIfnepw m]\fnepw D
hnizmkamn ]cnhnnm Bhiyamb IpnncnpI
\SpIbmWv sNpXv . av kwkv Imcfnepw P\XIfnepw
hfp h AtX Aht_m[ns Xs av cq]tfmSp
AklnjvWpXbmbpw AXns\ amm {ianpp. GXp cq]n
hmepw D]tbmK{]Zamb bYm aXmt\zjWw C{]Imcw
hfsmSnsXpw, ]etmgpw A]ISImcnbpambn amdpp.
a\pjycminsb HnnpI F bYm eyw \sv
kmaqly hnLS\nsdbpw Ahnizmknsdbpw LSIambn
AXv amdpp. kzw \nb{Wn HXpm Bobhpw
imkv{Xobhpw Bb At\zjWsf AXv ASnapp.
Cmapw kq^nkhpw
CUybn kcnp kabv F\nv ChnSs apow
kaqlsbpw AhcpsS PohnXcoXnItfbpw ASpdnbm ]n.
apow kv{XoI Ctmgpw ]bpw Idp hkv{Xfpw [cnpp.
apo lnpfn \npw amdn {]tXyI kaqlambn ]etmgpw
tNcnIfn Pohnpp. lnpfpw apofpw Xn hyambpw
Hcp kmwkvImcnI Acapv.
'C_v F Ad_n' t]mse thZmns GIXztmSp
ASpp \np annknk ]npScp kq^nIsfnepw
FpsImv bmYmnXnI apop apn lnpaXs
Ipdnv IpsdqsS `mhmIamb Hcp Nn{Xw hcp Impn Fv
Rm ]etmgpw AZv `pXsnpv . kq^nkspdnv Rm
IpsdqSn ]T\w \Sn. apow temInse bmYmnXnIhpw
AmXpamb ]e _unI, BymnI ]mccytfbpw
{]Xn\n[oIcnpXmWv kq^n k{Zmbw Fv Rm Isn.
Db Hcp Xen ZnhyXztmSv t\cnv icnpw ksp
Ignbp kzX{mmfmWv Nne kq^nI. a[yIme t]jy
Ihn bmbn cp dqan Hcp ]t Cu hn `mKn s]Sp
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 172
almmv Da DZmlcWamWv. Fm Acw kq^nI
bmYmnXnI apofm ]etmgpw sImsSpItbm Asn
ASnasSpItbm BWv DmbXv. thZmnIsf t]mse 'Rm
ssZhamWv' Fv {]Jym]nXn\v H]Xmw \qmn Pohnncp
A lmPv F kq^n k\ymknbpsS AwKhntZw \SpIbmWv
sNbv XXv .
av Nne kq^nIfmhs sPkyqSv ]mXncnamcpsS CkvfmanI
]XnpIfmbncpp. aX {`mamcsn Ah Ipd]w Xo{h
\ne]mSpImscnepambncpp. Acw kq^nI sslh
`mcXn \p t\scbp apofpsS B{ IaWsf
t{]mmlnnpIbpw Ahv amKZi\w \IpIbpamWv
sNbv XXv . `mcXs Cmantev aX]cnh\w sNm
hfscmeambn {]bXv \np sImncnp '\Iv iv _nI'
t]msebp kwLSnX kq^n hn`mKfpsS Imcyn CXv
{]tXyInpw {]kv XmhnstSXmWv . Cu kq^n hn`mK
Cmans Bob ssk\nIcmWv . {Inkv Xy anjWdnamsc
t]mseXs Ahpw av hn iz mktfmSv , {]tXyIn pw
`mcXobamb k{ZmbtfmSv XnI A\mZchmWpXv. Im^ndpw
{]mIrXhpw HsbmbnmWv AhcXns\ IWmpI. Cv
temIamIam\ap kq^n { ]h\ AcmcpsS
ssIIfnemWv.
ASp tNmZyw ]e Znhym\p`hfpw Innbncp Cmans
m]I\mb aplZv Hcp klnjvWphmb {]hmNI\mbncptm,
Atln s { ]t_m[\sf B{ Iman I Cmw
hfsmSnpIbmtWm DmbXv AtXm A{Ianbmb Atlns
amKw {im]qhw apo ]npScpI am{Xambncntm sNbvXXv
FXmWv. BXynI kXyns {]Xnê\tmsSbmWv Fm
{][m\ aXfpw ]ndhnsbSppXv FXmWv lnpfpsS
hn iz mkw. AXp{ ]Imcw Hcp]t kz w { ]t_m[\
ZphymJym\w sNs Hcp henb tbmKnbmbncpncnmw aplZv
FXmbncpp XpSn Fs [mcW. Fm Jpdm\pw
aplZns PohnXhpw ]TnXn\ptijw CmanI AklnjvWpX
aplZns ImepXs XpSnbXmsWv AwKoIcnm
173 tUhnUv {^men
{ItaW Rm \n_nX\mbn Xop. AXo{nb t_m[Xens
A]qWamb A\p`hfpw H\h[n Ahn iz mkfpw
IqSnpg Hcp Acncn Znhy\mbncpp aplZv F kzman
hnthIm\s A`n{]mbtmSv F\nv tbmPnmXncnm
Ignn. aX]camb Dmgv Nbpw aX{`mpw IqSnpg
A]ISIcamb Hcp an{inXambncpp AXns êw.
`qcn ]w kq^n Ifpw hfscmeambn Cman I
aXm[n\nthisbpw apow AXn{Iatfbpw Dunbpdnp
{]h\fn hym]rXcmbncpp F Imcyw Rm Isn.
Cpw CXhcpsS APbn se Hcp `mKambn XpScpp.
BbncWn\v lnpsf sImsmSppIbpw \qdpWn\v
t{X XIsdnbpIbpw sNbvX Aemhpo JnPn, aplZv
Lkv \n , HudwKtk_v XpSn b \n jv Tqcmcmb apow
`cWImtfmSv As { ]apJ kq^n I
ASpnS]gInbncpp. DZmlcWn\v AhnizmknIfpsS Hcp {]apJ
tI{ ambn apo KWn n cp tkma\mYv t{ Xs
\njvTqcambn XIhs\ \nebn aplZv Lkv\nsb kq^n
Imhyfmb Adnepw k\mbnepw hensbmcp hoc\mbI\mbnmWv
Nn{XoIcnncnpXv.
Cmw hfsc AklnjvWphmWv FXpw AXn\nv hfsc
AcapXv F hkvXpXbpw Hcp]t kq^nkn\v \smcp
{ ]Xn mb t\Sn smSpn cn mw. kq^n ItfmSv
XmZmysSmsaXpw bmYmnXnI apotfm AhtcmSv
kwhmZv AhkcapspXpw icnbmWv . Fm
AXpsImpam{ Xw Cman s m]n X XmXv ]cyv
AXoXcmWv kq^n I Fp [cn pXv Xn I
_pniq\yXbmbncnpw.
ay]qthjybnse ]ccmKX kq^namKw ]npScp Hcp
Atacn kq^n sb I Imcyw Rm Hmpp.
apofmhpw Amlphn\Sptv ASpm Ignbpw
Ftlw kXn p. Fm AXn \hcpsS `mKp\n v
{]tXyIambn ]cn{iantXpv Ftlw \n_w ]nSnp. caW
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 174
aljn bpsS DZmlcWw Rm FSpp]dp. Atlw
AXns\n ]dXv aljnbpsS t\ Hcp lnphns\
kw_n n Stmfw hepXmbn cn mw Fm km[mcW
apov bmsXmcp {]tXyI {iahpw IqSmsX hnizmkw
sImpam{Xw AtX \nebn Fntcm Ignbpw FmWv .
CmaneqsS Hcph BZna a\pjy\mb BZtmSpw AXphgn
ssZhtmSpw t\cn _w m]npp. AtXkabw asm
aXfpw AXn \nv hyXnNenpXn\m Ahsbmpw hnizmk
tbmKya FmWv Atlns hoWw!
]e kq^nItfmSpap Fs kwhmZfn \nv Rm
a\nemnb Hcp hkvXpX, Ah Itbpw ]p\Patbpw
AwKoIcnpn FXmWv. `mcXn GIXz hnizmknI F
coXnbn AdnbsSp Ah, s]mXpth ssZhn\pw Bmhn\pw
Xn BXynIambn Nne hyXymkfpv F ZznXzn
hnizknphcmWv. ssZhw GI\mWv Fp Ddp hnizknp
Ah ]t Bmhv ]qWambn Amlphn hnebw {]m]npw
Fp IcpXpn. H]Xp kzKfn GsXnepw Hn
sNsmt\ Bmhn\v Ignbq. Ahcn ]ecpw aXfpsS
GIXzs AwKoIcnpsanepw icnv tNmZnm B sFIyw
Ah Cman\v am{Xw Inp HmsWv ImWmw. hnhn[
aXfnse sFIyspdn AXv.
Ah sjbvv
Rm Fs bp sI bm{Xbn hfsc {][m\ CmanI
hn aiI\pw ]n X\pamb Ah sjbv n s\
IpappIbpmbn. Atlw ]mInm kztZinbmb Hcp apbpw
kq^n sjbv pambncpp. Atlw kzw A\p`hntbpw
NnbptSbpw shfnn thZ amKntev XncnbpIbpmbn.
sjbv v hfsc Dujv afhpw kulrZmIhpamb Hcp
hynXzns DSabpw \ ênX {]nb\pw BXntYb at\m`mhw
D Bfpambncpp. B kabv imcocnIamb BtcmKyw
Atln\v Ipdhmbncpsnepw \nch[n ]pkv XIfptSbpw
teJ\fpsSbpw ]Wnpcbnembncpp Atlw.
175 tUhnUv {^men
ssZhspdn v sjbv n \v ]cn Wma]camb Hcp
BibamWpmbn cpXv . AXmbXv ssZhw Cu { ]]
]cnWmans BsIpIbmWv, {]]n\p ]pdp thdn
Hcp kwKXnb. CXmIs thZm Nnbnep lncWyK`
AYhm {]]ns BsIpIbmb kqv a`mhw FXn\v
XpeyamWv. ssZhw \neqsS Pohnptm, \mw Atls ]pdta
krnm {ianpIbmWv . \nhmWw AYhm tamw FXv
_mlyamb Hcp Cuizc\n \nv hcpXv FXn\v ]Icw,
\msamcpcn epw hyn Xen Dmbn hcpXmsW
_pamcpsSbpw ssP\amcpsSbpw Bib, `mcXnep
CtX NnmcoXnsbbmWv \apv ImncpXv.
aXns cq]w [cn Ad_v tZiobXbpsS cm{ob
aptambnmWv sjbv v Cmans\ honXv . Atls
kw_nv Xs euInI eypthn aXs kaambn
D]tbmKsSpn b Hcp \bX{\pw cm{obmc\pw
tk\m\mbI\pambncpp aplZv . Amlp aplZns Hcp
adphynXzhpw, Jpdm bYm ssZhoI kwthZ\n\p]Icw
Atlns Xs NnIfpw PohnXhpamWv.
sjbvn\v Ad_n `mjbnepw Jpdm\nepw AXns ]ccmKX
`mjyfnepw \ {]hoWyapmbncpp. AXns\sbms
Bkv ]ZamnbmWv Atlw Xs hoWw kaYnXv . Cu
hnjbnse asmcp {][m\ IrXnbmWv C_v hcmJns 'Rms\p
sImv Hcp apoa' F {Kw. CmanI `cWIqS
CXx]cyw hfsc {itbmsS Cman\pta ]pXnphncp
aqSp]Ss kqva\ncoWw sImv \ow sNpIbmbncpp
Atlw.
Abp Jpssa\n sbtmep Cman I apam
Atacnbnse aXauenIhmZnIfmb {InkvXy aX {]NmcIscbmWv
HmnnpXv . Cu cpIqcpw XfpsS A`n{]mb
Asn \n_ ASntnm D]tbmKnp Hcp coXn
"ssZhw ]dp" Asn "tbip ]dp" FmhnpIbmWv.
A\pbmbnIfpsSta XfpsS B[n]Xyhpw \nb{Whpw
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 176
hfn sbSppXn \p thn ssZhn s t]
D]tbmKnpIbmWv Ah sNpXv . ssZhn\v Xobmbpw
Atlns iapv. AXv lrZbn tIm km[npw.
AXn\v CcmcpsS aX{]`mjWfpambn Hcp _hpan.
\sfmhcpw ssZhns kaqln s]hcmWv . bYm
]m]w a\pjycminsb kXyhnizmknIsfpw ssZhhntcm[nIsfpw
Xcw XncnemWv. AXv shdpntepw bpntepw \bnpp.
C\n AYhm ssZhw XtmSv Acnep IpI hnt[bXzw
BhiysSppshn B ssZhw {]m]nI kXytam \atbm
A adnv a\pjys [mynsdbpw BhiyfptSbpw
krn bmhmt\ Xcapq. Atls Bcm[n pIb
]pdpIbmWv thXv.
ssZhn\pw a\pjy\panSbnse Hcp ktihmlI F
Bibw hynIv t\cnv ssZhs a\nemm Ignbn,
AXn\v tbiphnt\tbm aplZnt\tbm t]mep Hcp cItdtbm
{]hmNItdtbm Bhiyapv F Bibw BXXzn
Du sImSpp sslh Nnm[mcsb kw_nnStmfw
sshtZinIamWv . hmkv Xhn Ccw Hcp ktihmlIs\
CSp {]Xnjv TnpXmWv icnpap hn{Klmcm[\ AYhm
hymPssZhmcm[\ Fsmcmv hmZnmw.
CXv Bmhn\pw ssZhn\panSbn Hcp CS\nemcs\
{]XnjvTnpp. ]e m]nX XmXv]cymcpw \psS hnizmksf
ssZhn tev \bn pXn \p]Icw XfpsS
aSapnIfntepw, temIs \nb{nm\p XfpsS
Xz cbn tepw hgn Xn cn p hn Sm AXn s\ ]n oSv
D]tbmKsSppIbpw sNpp. sslh hoWw Fm
aljn amcpsSbpw { Ksf BZcn ptm Xs,
Ahbnsemns\bpw tNmZyw sNsSmsX \mawKoIcnt
Ahkm\hmmbn Hcn epw AhXcn n pn .
kXyspdnp \psS t\cnp A\p`hsbmWv Ghpw
henb B[nImcnIXbmbn IWmnbnpXv.
Cmans Ncn{Xsbpw XXzsfbpw Ipdnv IqSpX
177 tUhnUv {^men
hnai\mIamb ]T\ temIn\nv Bhiyapv FXv
hyamWv . CmanI temIw Cv \npXv ayImes
{InkvXpaXns XenemWv. a[yIme aX\ymbhnNmcWIv
Xpeyw (CIznknj) aXhnizmksf tNmZyw sNpXn \nv
Iiambn AXv Fmhtcbpw XSpsImn cn pp.
BbncWn\v tImSn s]t{SmtUmfdns _enepamWv CXv
sNbv XpsImn cn pXv . aXs ImcyImcW _pn bpsS
ASn m\n am{ Xa [mn IXbpsSbpw
tbmKm\p`hntbpw Xenepw ]cntim[ntXpv.
]e \qmpIv apv Xs {InkvXpaXw Ccw _unI
hnai\v hnt[bambncpp. Fm CmanI kaqlw
Acw B]cntim[\bvv hnt[bamIm C\nbpw Hcpnbnn.
X\nsXnsc Hcp ^Xzbpw h[òjWnbpw Dbsnepw, Ftm
thWsanepw Xs kao]nv Xpd NI sNbvXpsImm
apow ]nXmsc WnpIbmWv Ah sjbvv sNbvXXv.
CXphtcbpw Bcpw Atlns shphnfn kzoIcnm
Xmdmbn n . Ah sjbv n s\tmep hn aiItcmSv
tbmPnm\mhpnsnepw Ah Cmans\ tNmZyw sNpp
FXpsImpam{Xw AhcpsS Poh\pIpt\sc shphnfn
Dbcm ]mSn.
C{kmtb ki\w
Hcp Atiob tbmK ktf\tmS\p_nv 1995
s^{_phcnbn F\nv C{ktb kinm Ahkcw
ssIhp. ]mmXy aXsfpdnv IqSpX a\nemm Cu
bm{X F\np]Icnp. Nppw ]cpInSp acp`qanbpsS
cq]cmln Xyhpw emfn Xyhpw { ]Xn ên n p Kl\hpw
]ucmWnIhpamb HcmmthmSp IqSnb C{ktb F\nv hfsc
{ ]n bcambn A\p`hsp. Nn e Imcyfn AsXs
ZntWysb Hmnnp. Fs Itmen ]mew hp
t\mptm Hcp]t hn Nn { Xsav tXmmw
C{ kmtben epmbn cptm Fn Ghpw
XmXv ]cyapWnbXv PqXaXambncpp. 'shbnenMv hm'
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 178
kintm AsX\nv hfsc Xo{hambn A\p`hsSpIbpw
sNbvXp. AhcpsS _unI t\sfsmn PqXmtcmSv F\nv
hfscmeambn {]tXbv Iamb Hcp _lpam\w Dmbncpp.
Cman\npw {Inkv XpaXn \npw hyXyamb Hcp
shfnnemWv Rm PqXaXs IncpXv . AXn\nv
s]mnapf av cv aXfn \nv hyXyambn, PqXaXw Hcnepw
temIsapgph IogSm\p kXyaXw CsXmpam{Xw Fv
kzbw AhXcnnnn. av P\hn`mKv XfptSXn \nv
hyXyamb AhchcpsS aXk{Zmb DmImw F
hkv XpXsb AXwKoIcn pp. IoSmsX PqXaXn \v
]T\n sdbpw an n kn kn sdbpw Bb hen sbmcp
]mccyhpw {_mW ssienv Xpeyap Hcp BymnI `mjm
kwkvImchpw Dv. Nne PqX k{Zmb ]p\Patbpw
]p\chXmctbpw t]mepw AwKoIcnpIbpw sNpp.
ss__n { ][m\ambpw PqXamcpsS kmwkv Imcn I
Ncn{XamWv . XfpsS BymnIw am{Xa euInIhpamb
{]iv \v ]cnlmcsa \nebn At\Iw \qmpIfnse
A\h[n PqX \mbImcneqsS ISph hnhcWfmWXn.
ss__n ssZhns hmmWv FXv Hcp Xcw kmwkvImcnI
HuXyw am{XamWv. ss__n {]Xn\n[m\w sNpXv PqXcpsS
{][m\ A\p`hfpw AhbpsS hymJym\fpamWv . AmsX
a\pjycmin mIam\w Fmmetpambn \Is
ssZhns Ahkm\ hmsmpa.
XfpsS kz w aX{ ]t_m[\fn \n v Xsf
IpSn sbmgn n n v Ahsb hfsmSn v hn Ieamn b
{InkvXym\nItfbpw apotfbpw sNmnbp PqXcpsS hnImcw
F\nv ImWm ]n. PqXmsc B{IanpXn\p t]mepap
Hcp aX{Kamn {Inkv Xym\nI ss__nfns\ amnsbSpp.
Atd_y kaqlns aX]camb t{]cWInWp
Xcn ss__nfns\ ]p\cmJym\w sNbv XXmWv Jpdm.
Ad_nIfpsS kmaqlyhpw cm{obhpamb hnIk\ tamlsfbpw
AXv {]Xnênnpp. ssZhns hmmb {Kw F Bibw
apgph\mbn Hcp kmwkvImcnIm`nam\w F \nebn \nv amdn
179 tUhnUv {^men
HcmtKmf A[n\nthins \nebntev hfp. PqXhnizmkw
FpsImmWv _nw_mcm[\bv v FXnscXv XpSn
F\nv a\nemm Ignncpn. AXmWv lnpaXn \np
PqX k{Zmbs thXncnp \ndpp Ghpw {][m\LSIw.
_nw_ \psS Iem{]Xn`bpsS {]IS\fmWv. AhbmIs
`n amKn hfsc { ]tbmP\sSp D]m[n IfpamWv .
_nw_mcm[\ Fmhpw BIjIambn sImWsan.
Fm AXn s\ Xn ftb Bhiyhpan . Fm
_nw_tfbpw Ahnipsapw Ahsb Bcm[nphsc
ssZhhn tcm[n I Fpsams Nn { XoIcn pXpw
XnfbpXpw m\ns eWa Xs.
Fmbmepw PqXamcpsS _nw_mcm[\m hntcm[n\p
]nnep Ncn{X]camb Hcp ImcWw Rm Isn. cv
`qJn Sbn hmWn Py ssk\n I
\op]tbmKn n cp Hcp ]mXbn embn cpp
PqXkaqln s A[n hmkw. AXmIs kz `mhn Iambpw
kao]p km{amPyfpsS bp`qanbpambncpp. IqSpX
hepXpw hn imehpamb CuPn ]v jy saskmsmtan b
kwkvImc Ccphihpambn \ne\nncptm PqXam hfsc
Ffpn Xs adpt]mIpambncpp. _nw_clnXamb
AhcpsS aXw IqSpXepw ùXnIXbneqnb XfpsS Ab]
kwkv Imcfn \nv hyXycmbn \ne\nm\pw As\
AXnPohnm\pw Ahsc klmbnp. Fm sZu`mKyhim
Cu kaqlymhiyw aX\nbaambn hnh\w sNsp. {]tXyInpw
{ In kv Xy Cman I kn mfpsS Iogn aX]camb
AklnjvWpXbpsS ASnm\ambn CXv amdn.
sPdpkteanep AerXhpw at\mlchpamb {Kov
HmtUmIv kv ]nI F\nv hfsc Csp. Ahbnse
_nw_fpw sagpIpXncnIfpw kpKXncnIfpw lnp t{Xsf
Hmnnp. {Kov HmtUmIvkv k{ZmbamWv {InkvXpaXnse
IqSpX ]gb hn`mKw Fv Rm Isn. sPdpkteanse Fm
]gb ]nIfpw {Kov HmtUmIvkv Bbncpp. AXmbncpp
]qh tdma, _bv kssd km{amPyfpsS aXw. tdma
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 180
Itmen Ipcnipbpn\p apv sPdpktean Fnbncpn.
Itmen bYm {InkvXpaXttbm AXns Pa\mnep
IqSpX ann Bbncp av {InkvXob k{Zmbsftbm
{]Xn\n[oIcnpn.
Fm {InkvXpaXns Fm hn`mKfnepw {Iqins
cIs\pdnp Hcp hyk\`mhw, AYhm ]m]ns `mcw
hym]n sXmbn mWv ImWsSpXv . AXn \v IqSpX
Bgn ep HcYapsv Rm IcpXpp. th{ X
hnIknpXn\p apv XIs Hcp AXoX Zi\ns Nne
anem {InkvXpaXn ImWmw. tdmammsc FXnncp
Hcp sNdn b PqXhn `mKsa \n ebn \n v , AXv tdma
km{amPyns A[nImcw ssImfnb \nebntev hfp. Hw
Hcn XsfXn n cp a\ `cWn s Xs
aqcq]ambn kzbw amdpIbpw sNbvXp. NmhpIS NpcpfpIfpsS
]T\w hyampXv tdmammsc FXnncp PqXhn`mK
Xsbmbn cpp BZyIme { In kv Xym\n I FXmWv .
tbiphn tdXv Bbn Cdn bsSp kmtcm]tZiIYI
DssSbp D]tZifn IqSpXepw { ]mNo\amb
PqX{]t_m[\fpsS `mKambncpp.
tdma `cWn s Ayhpw PqX `cWn s
]p\m]\hpw {]XoImIambn temIns Ayambpw
aninlmbpsS Bhn`mhambpw Hs {]XysSpp. aninlm
FXv ipamb PqX kamWv AmsX Hcp
]pXphnizmkns hnfw_cmc\.
tbip, BXynIambn Hcp \ PqX\mbncpp. Atls
PqX]mccyfpsS shfnn Xs hnebncptXpv .
PqXmcn \nch[n hn`mKfpXn NneXns\ Atlw
FXnncpncnmw. Fncpmepw Atlw hyambpw ]gb
\nbans hgnbn Xsbmbncpp. {InkvXpaXw PqXaXns
Hcp sXmb hymJym\amWv . AXv kw`hnXmIs tdmamm
PqXcmPyw ssItdn \innpIbpw tbiphns ktlmZc
Fdnbsncp Pbnwkns\ t]mep BZyIme {Inkv Xy
181 tUhnUv {^men
t\Xmsf h[npIbpw sNbvXXn\v tijamWv. PqX{InkvXpaXw
tdma {InkvXpaXambn amdm hfsc \qmpI XssbSpp.
\apv \nch[n tcJIfpsS ASnm\n CXns\ Ncn{Xambn
Xs FgpXmhptXbpq. Cu PqX kaqls Hcp tdma
aXamn ampXn t]m Hcp {][m\ ]v hlnnpv. icnbmb
PqXam Xsbmbn Pohn tbipthm Atln s
in jyamcn Bscn eptam A adn v t]m BWv
{InkvXpaXns bYm m]I.
tdmammcm ]cmPbsSpsv Nn Xdn tmb PqX
{InkvXym\nI XncnsI HnpIqSm\pw tdma s]mXpkaqltmSv
CS]gIm\pw XpSnbXn\v tijapmbXmWv tdma {InkvXpaXw.
tdmakaqlnse \ne\nn\p thn XfpsS PqX]mew
BZysams Ah AhKWnpIbpw ]noSv \ntj[npIbpw
sNbvXp. \memw \qmn Cs\ tdmanse HuZtymKnI aXambn
amdnb tdma {InkvXpaXw {Kov HmtUmIvkv ]mccyambncpp.
{KopImcpsS _nw_mcm[\bpw annknkhpw AXpambn _s
Nne Kvt\mnIv k{Zmbfpw AXneqsS ISphcnIbpw sNbvXp.
tdma Itmenm aXw {]mapJyw t\SnbXv H]Xmw
\qmn se hn ip tdmam km{ amPyn eqsSbpw
NmaKv \bneqsSbpamWv . tdma Itmencpw AhcpsS
t]mpamcpw {Kov HmtmtUmIvkv {InkvXpaXns XdhmSn\v
]pdmbncpp. ]Xnaqmw \qmn IpcnipbpneqsS
Itmen {Kov Xem\amb ss_kmdnbw IogSnbXn\p
tijamWv Ahv {Kov ]mccyn\pta Hcp tatmbva
ssIhXv. {Kov HmsmtUmIvkv Nn \npw Itmen
Nn eqsS s{ ]msSdv Nn tep Cu t]mn
AymnIXbpsS Hcp Xf sPdpktean F\np ImWm
]n. {Kov HmsmtUmIv kv Nn annknkns henb
kzm[o\apmbncpp. tdma Itmen aXnemIs Ipdp
an n kn kw _mn bpmbn cpp, Fm AXn
IqSpXepmbncpXv hn`mKobXbmbncpp. Cu ASpImembn
m]n s{]msSdv NpIfn BymnIX Hpw Xsbn.
Ahsb Bmhns ihIpSoc Fp ]dbpXmhpw t`Zw!
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 182
CXn\p kam\amb Nne Ncn{XkXy ]nXam Ctm
Jpdm\nepw Isnbnpv. Cv \mw Adnbp Jpdm\n \np
hyXymkfp ]mTt`ZtfmSp IqSnb Jpdm\pI sbsa\n
\n v IsSpn pv . Fmw \qmn ephbmWv B
IsSps {K. hfsc thKw hfpsImncp Hcp
km{amPyns aX]cw am{Xa kmaqlyhpamb Bhiysf
Xr]v XnsSpm\mbn Imemcw sImv Dcpncn Hcp
{KamWv Jpdm FXmWv ]nXaXw. ]pXnb Atd_y
`cWm[n Imcn Iv , XfpsS A[n Imcm\s
alXzhcnpXn\pw XfptSXnt\m ]gbXpw IqSpX
kohpamb kwkv ImcfpsS ta ]nSnbpdnpXn\pw
aX{]t_m[\fpsS ]npW Bhiyambncpp. XfpsS
BgwIpd kwkvImcs hngpnfbm {]m]vXamb {]mNo\
kwkv ImcfpsS ta tatmbv abpw B[n ]Xyhpw
DdnpXn\mbn AhcpsS aXw Xopw AbhnmXpw hfsc
AklnjvWpXbpXpw Bthnbncpp.
ss__n ASn m\amn hfp h Cu cv
bmYmnXnI aX Daqe\w sNpXn\papv {]mNo\
]qthjybn Znhyfmb \nch[n aXk{Zmb \ne\nncpp
FXn bmsXmcp kwibhpan. `mcXhpambpw thZmhpambpw
Hcp]t _apmbncp {Kov , sknIv , CuPn]v jy,
t]jy, _m_ntemWnb XpSnb kwkv Imc Chbn
s]Spw. Hcp]t {Inkv XpaXhpw CmwaXhpw XXnt\m
IqSpX Zn hyam \apdn bsSmsX t]mb { ]kv XpX
aXk{Zmbfn Dmbncpncnmw.
thZnse _lpcq] ssZhkhpw
ss__nfnse GIssZhhpw
]gb \nbas ASnm\amnbp PqX, s{sIkvXh, Cmw
aX khm[n Imcn bmb Hcp ssZhs Imn cpp.
Atln\v XncsSps Hcp P\Xbpv. XtmSv hnt[bXzw
BhiysSpIbpw, Xs krnbpsSta Hcp {Iqc`cWm[nImcnsb
t]mse Asn Hcp cmPmhns\tmse A[nImcw \SpIbpw
183 tUhnUv {^men
AkqbmephmIpIbpw Hs sNp Hcp GIm[n]Xn. CXv IqSpX
Bgap Hcp hoWns efnXhcWhpw, ZphymJym\hpw
BsWv Nnescnepw hmZntmw. AXv icnbpambncnmw.
Fm CXmbncpp temIsamSpap anj\dn {]h\n\p
]nnse t{]cIin. {InkvXy hoWa\pkcnv ssZhn\v
kzw A\pbmbnIsf ktmjnnpXn\v kzKhpw Xs
i{Xpsf in n pXn \v \cIhpw Dv . Cmapw CtX
amXrIbmWv ]npScpXv . Ccw Hcp ssZhs Hcph\v
`btmSpw òXntbmSpw IqSn am{Xta kao]nm Ignbq.
hnizmknI XfpsS ssZhs Xs Hcp amXrIbmn
]npScpIbpw kzbw AklnjvWpfpw A[nImc{]acpambn
amdpIbpw sNpp. kXys At\zjnpXn\p]Icw XfpsS
sXp]m ssZhn s imk\Isf ]n pScm Ah
aphpta \n_w sNepm XpSpp.
adphiv thZhoWn Cu {]] hn[m\n X\Xp
m\fp At\Iw tZho tZhamtcpdn p
kfmWpXv. Fmn\pw ]pdIn khm[n]Xnbmb Hcp
krmh adnv Fm ]cnanXnIpw Apdap \psSXs
BXXzw AYhm ]cammhv BWpXv. sshZnI tZhXI B
]cammhn s Xs Bhn jv Imcamb hen sbmcp
kulrZqmbvabmbn {]hnpp.
acWw ZpcnX XpSnb PohnXnse sshjaysf
{]Xn\n[m\w sNp cp{Zs\tmep Nne tZhXI `bw
P\n n phbmsWn epw Chtbbpw shfn n sdbpw
kvt\lnsdbpw `mhntev ammhpXmWv. Hcp ]t ]gb
\nbanse ssZhw bYmn cp{Zinhs\ t]mep Hcp
ssZhambncnWw. Ime{ItaW Atls ]cnanXnIfntepw
{]tXyIXIfntepw Npcpn sImphXmIWw. cp{Zs\
thZfn 'blz' Fp hnfnppv . Hcp]t ss__n
ssZhamb btlmh CXpambn _sXmImw.
ss__n aXa\pkcnv a\pjy ]X\w kw`hn PohnIfmWv.
ssZhn \nv \njvImknXcmsv ]m]n Ignbph.
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 184
In òjWnbpsS t\mhpambn ssZhw Xs kzKn
\npp. thZfn a\pjy tZhamtcmSv tNv Hcp
kaqlambn hnpp. Ah tZhmtcmsSmw s]mXphmb
DZv `hm\hpw s]mXpkz`mhhpw kmtlmZcyhpw ]nSpp.
a\pjyv tZhamcmIm\pw Ahsctmse A\iz cX
t\Sn sbSpm\pw Ign bpw. ]caambtXm \s Iogv ta
adnpIfbptXm Bb ]m]w Fsmn. adnv shdpw AX
am{XamWpXv. \nse ipamb t_m[w XSfnmsX kzbw
{]ISamhm AX \opIam{Xta sNtXmbnpq.
ss__nfnse GIssZhhmZw knm ]nSnhminbntev
\bnpp. \o FtmsSmansn \ns Rm F\nsXncmbn
ImWpp. Fm thZhoWw \m\mXzn GIXzw FXmWv.
\n \nv hyXyambn Nnnphcpw \tmsSmaph
Xs. ImcWw Fmhpambn Hcp hgnbn. hyXyamb \nch[n
Bibsf ka\zbnnp kulmZ]qWhpw _lpapJhpamb
temI kwhn [m\s Ipdn pXmWv sshZn IhoWw.
kXyns tIheamb GIXsbpdnv t_m[yaptmgpw B
kXyn s _lpapJhpw { In bmIhpamb At\Iw
BhnjvIcWsfbpw AXv Xncndnbpp.
"Rm, \ns {]`phmb ssZhw, AkqbmephmWv. AXpsImv
\o apssZhsf Bcm[nm ]mSn" FXmWv {][m\s
ss__n hoWw. "GIw kZv hn{]m _lpZm hZn kXyw
Htbpq. ]nXm AXns\ ]ehn[n ]dbpp" (EtKzZw
I.164.46) FXmWv sshZnI hoWw. "Fm \ `mh\Ifpw
FmbnSp\npw \ntev hct" (EtKzZw I.89.1). EtKzZnse
BZna a\pjy a\p ]dbpp "tZhXamsc, \nfnemcpw sNdnbhc.
\nsfmhcpw alXzaphcmWv . FmhcptSbpw ssZhfmb
ChnsS hknp Fm tZhXIfpw, \apv c sNpamdmhs.
\psS IpXncItfbpw IpImenItfbpw Ah cns" (EtKzZw
VIII.30.1, 4)
ss__n Imgv mSv av ssZhtfmSv bpw
sNbv XpsImncnp Hcp ssZhspdnmWv . A\h[n
185 tUhnUv {^men
cq]fpw BhnjvIcWfpw Fntcm A\h[n hgnIfpap
kXyspdn mWv thZhoWw. thZfn se C{ t\m,
AKv\ntbm, tkmat\m, kqcyt\m AYhm ]nme lnpaXnse
inh, hnjvWp, tZhn Asn KtWi ChcnemscnepamIs
Hmtcmpw Hcp cq]tam `mhtam kao]\tam kzoIcn BXynIk
XsbmWv . asm ssZhsfbpw AXv kz`mhnIambn Xn
Dsmncnpp.
sshZn Iamb _lpcq] ssZhkw kz X{ hpw
XpdXpamb BymnIXbvv hgnsbmcppp. Hcoizc\nep
hnizmkn\v `nbpsS Xen CSw \Ippsnepw AXv
Hcp GIssZhimTyn HXpnqSpn. thZfpsS Cu Xpd
kao]\w sImv temIs aX]cnh\w sNtXns
Bhiyw DZnpn. adnv ]pXpXmbn Dbphcp Hmtcm
Dmgv NItfbpw { ]mtZiobamb { ]tbmKtfbpw
]cnt]mjnnpIbmWv sNtsXp hcpp. AtXkabw AXv
hyXykvXfmb A\h[n ssZhfn hnizknp _lpssZh
hnizmka Xm\pw. hyn]camb Xen GIXzspdnp
kzX{amb kao]\amWXv. Hmtcm a\pjy\nepap auenIXtbbpw
GIXzsbpw Htckabw AwKoIcnpsImp Hcp kao]\ coXn.
a\pjy F\nebn ss]XrIns `mKambn \apv Innbnp
hn hn [ aXhn iz mktfbpw almmtfbpw AhcpsS
{]t_m[\tfbpw hnhn[ Bcm[\m k{Zmbtfbpw Fmw
IqnbnWpXn\v Cs temIn Ccn Hcp hoWw
BhiyamWv.
ln p[w kmheuIn Iamb _lpXz s
AwKoIcnpXmWv . auenIambXnt\bpw, _lphmbXnt\bpw
Htckabw AwKoIcnm IgnbpXmWXv . Fmw \Xv F
anep Hcp IqSnpg Ahb, adnv {]IrXnbnse alm
inIsftmse hfsc hepXmb, ]e apJtfmSpIqSnb, Bpw
kzoImcyamb Hcp kXyspdnp Imgv NmSmWXv . Cu
_lpXzw Htcsbmcp kXyn \nv ]pdsnpXmWv, Fm
B kXyw A\hpw A]cnanXhpamWv. Cs ImeLn
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 186
temIw apgph\pap am\hkwkvIrXnsb AhbpsS sshhnysf
\ne\nnsmv kabnnm Ccw Hcp Xpd hoWw
AXymhiyamWv . IpIat\m`mhw ayImeLn s
kw`mh\bmWv. AXn GsXnepw Hcp kaqlw asmn\pw ta
B[n ]Xyw m]n m \Sp { iafmWv . AXmIs
kwLjnepw \minepw am{Xta sImsnq.
lnpaXw BXynIamb kXyns IpIsbmpw
AhImisSpn. AXpt]mse kwibmepfmb temIn\v
kXyw apIfn \nv hnXdnsmSpp Hcp apw AXn\n.Hcp
]caamb kXyw Dsv AXv ]dbpp. Fm B kXyw
a\pjys IpnncppIpw, a\pjyNcn{Xn\pw Hs
ApdapXmWv . Cu Bob kXyn\v Hcp aX{]NcW
]cn ]mSn ItfmSpw _an . CXv GsXn epw { ]tXyI
hnizmktmtSm, t\Xmhnt\mtSm _nsX. B kXys
IspXv ASn m\]cambn hyn ]camb
Xmcynsdbpw hyn Xenep At\zjWntbpw
ImcyamWv. lnpaXw Cu At\zjWn\mhiyamb D]IcW
\Ipp. Fm B kXysamsWv kz bw t\cn v
IspXn\v hynIsf kzX{ambn hnSpIbpw sNpp. Hcp
aXw F\nev AXv Anahmmbnpw HgnhmsSm\mhm
Hmbnpw kzbw AhXcnnpn. Hcn \mw \sn Adnp
Ignm a\pjycminbpsS Fm ]cnanXnIpw Apdtv
\mw ISp sNpp. AtXkabw Xs FmImepapmbnp
Fm almmfpambpw alm kXymt\zjnIfpambpw \mw
kn hcnIbpw sNpp.
aXhpw Ahnizmkhpw
AXo{nbamb XetfmSv _w m]npI FXmWv
aXw eyampXv . Acn semcp _w \psS
t_m[aes hnIknnpI am{Xa sNpXv . th{X
imcocnI am\knI ipnIfnmsXbp Cu {iaw \psS
am\pjnIamb AlsbbmWv hfpI. AXv \s ipamb
kXytmSv _n n pIbn sv am{ Xa, \psS
187 tUhnUv {^men
aphn [n IfpsSta ip kXyn tdXmb aqSp]Sw
AWnbnpIbpw sNpw.
lnpk{Zmbw AXo{nbm\p`hp {iafn,
tbmK km[\bvv henb {]m[m\yw Inpp. AXv \psS
icoctbpw a\nt\bpw ipoIcnv AXo{nbm\p`hp
\smcp hml\w Hcpncpp. Fm hnizmkn\pw,
hn t[bXz n \pw Du sImSpp aXfn ! Ccw
km[\Iv m\an. I\yIbn \np ]ndhn, Ipcnip
acWneqsSbp ]m]tamN\w XpSnb bpnclnXamb
Imcyfn ep hn iz mksfbmWv tamn \mbn
hnizmkm[njvTnX aX t{]mmlnnpXv. Hcphs t_m[
aen s hn Imkn \ Ahn sS { ]m[m\yw. Cs\
hnizmkn\v bpnNnbv v apIfn m\w \IpXv
a\pIfpsS Xmfw sXn pXn \pw sshImcn Iamb
Ipsmgpn \pw Hs ImcWamhmw. BfpI kz w
at\mhnemkfn s]pt]mIpXpw km[mcWw.
aX]camb NqSpIpnepw ZnhyXzw Itmw,
Fm AXv aX]camb aphn[nIfm hfsmSnsSpw
FImcyw DdmWv . ]e {Inkv Xy Znhyamscbpw t]mse,
hnizmkm[njv TnXamb aXfnse A\pbmbnIv Db
t_m[ns icnp A\p`hfpmhptmgpw AhcpsS
aXnse Ahnizmkfpw, aphn[nIfpw Ahbv pta
Icn\ng hogvmdpv. Acw Nne Znhyam at\mhn{`mnIfn
hoWpt]mbnpv . kzbw asmcp {Inkv XphmsWpw, Xm
kmm\pambn bpn emsWpw, temIs
cnth\msWpw Hs Ahv tXmpw. tamN\s Hcp
cI\ntem {]hmNI\ntem D hnizmkhpambn _nnpXv
hfsc Nnmpgw krnp HmWv . am{Xhpa AXn\v
a\pjykz`mhs bYmambn ]cnh\sSppXn\p
Ignhpan. AXn\v ImcWw X\nv Inntbmhp Znhym\p`hfn
ipam a\v AXns kzw A`nemjsfbpw IqSn
Iqnepw FXmWv.
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 188
adnv thZamKw Aaqhpw k\mX\hpambXntemWv
\psS {isb XncnphnSpXv. AXv {]mNo\amb GsXnepw Hcp
shfn]mSne thcpdnncnpXv adnv Fmehpw kXys tXSn
\n ccambn hfv hn Ikn p sImtbn cn p
At\z jWn emWv . AXv { ]mNo\hpw B[p\n Ihpamb
almmtfbpw t\cnp A\p`hn\mbp hynbpsS
A`nhmtbbpw Hcpt]mse AwKoIcnpp.
Ncn{Xnse shfn]mSpIfn Dun\np aX
am\pjnIambXns\ ssZhnIambn sXncnm FfpamWv. Ah
Nne {]hmNIcnepw, {Kfnepw, {]m\fnepw Hs
A{]amZnXzw Ism {ianpp. Ncn{Xns Hcp {]tXyI
ImeLn achnp \npIbpw Hcp {]tXyI kaqlns
A`nemjfn am{Xambn IpSpnnSpIbpw sNpp.
ss__nfpw Jpdm\pw t]mep {K a\pjyIrXfmWv .
Ahbn AkXy]qfpw ImelcWshbpamb ]eXpw
Dsmpp. Hmtcm Imefn F{ ]ImcsamsbmWv
]qXtbmSv _sSm a\pjy {ianncpXv FXns
Nn{X \apv Ahbn \nv Inpp. Fm Ah kzbw
]qXsb {]Xn\n[oIcnpn. Ahbv v kmImeo\tam
kmtZiobtam Bb {]knb adnv {]tXyI Ime tZifn
]cnanXsSpnb {]knbmWpXv.
thZfpw AhbpsS AcmYn , Acq]n bmb
ssZhns hmsmpa. adnv EjnamcpsS IpdnpIfmWv, Ah
F{ ]ImcsamsbmWv B Zn hyXsb tXSn bXv FXn s
hnhcWfmWv. \mw shdpsamcp {Ks Hcnepw Bcm[ncpXv.
Hcp kmc {Kw ]pXnsbmcp cmPytp \psS bm{Xbn
klmbnptmgpw AXv kzbw bm{Xbvv ]IcamhmXp t]mse
\psS BcnImt\zjWn\v GsXmcp {Khpw Hcp klmbn
am{ Xta Bhppq. AXpsImmWv thZ
Ahkm\anmhbmsWpw IqSn \tmSv ]dnpXv . kXyw
]cn an Xn I CmXmWv . Dcn sn n m hmpw
]pdsnnm ihpw ]dbs GsXmcp itfmfpw
almbhbmWv.
189 tUhnUv {^men
aX Ctmgpw hfsctbsd Ahnizmksf temIv
{]Ncnnp sImncnpp. temIsn am{Xa t_m[ns
kz `mhspdn pw apw. Rm tKm{ XhmcpsS
aXsfpdnv am{Xa apJy[mcm hnizmksfpdnp IqSnbmWv
]dbpXv . tamN\spdnp aXfnse AhImihmZ
]cntim[nm Ahsb Akw_ Fp ]dnsn
t]mepw hfsc emLhw Fp ]dtbnhcpw. \psS cI\mbn
tbiphn s\ Bhiyapv Asn Ahkm\ { ]hmNI
aplZmWv FXv kmam\y bpn bv pw Bymn I
shfnn\pw Hcpt]mse hncpamWv . m\w am{Xta \s
kzX{cmpIbpq. AXmIs hnizmkn \n [ym\n
\nt e`npIbpq Xm\pw.
\psS aX]camb hoWfn hnime a\kvcmhm
thn \mw Cu Fm aXmhnizmktfbpw AwKoIcntXn.
adnv \psS hnthN\ns shfnn AhbneqsS At\zjWw
sNpIbmWv thXv. kzbw IseneqsS kXyw Dbp hcpw.
AXn\v Fm {]hmNIampw ayampw Apdw
t]mtInhcpw. Cusbmcn kXyw ssZhtm
{ ][m\amWv . \psS bYm At\z jWw kXyn \p
thnbmIWw. AXv \s bYm ZnhyXzntev \bnpw.
Fm Hcp {]tXyI aXhnizmknse Bibn\\pkcnp
ssZhsbmWv \mw tXSpsXn hgnbn \apv kXyw
\sSm\p kmyXbpv.
{]mNo\ aXfpsS Xncnphchv
HcpImev a\pjy {]IrXo inIfpambn kzX{ambn
kwthZnncpp. Hmtcm Ipnepw Xmgzcbnepw Ah Hcmmhns\
Zinp. kqcy\nepw N{\nepw Ah Hcp ZnhyapJw Ip.
]hXfn epw hrfn epw taLfn epw Hcp t_m[w
Ah\p`hsp. Ah Imhy ]mcmbWw sNbv Xp.
BNmc A\pjvTnp. hnipamb Hcp temI{Ias Bgn
[ym\np. XfpsS Xs Acmmhnt\mSv AKm[ambn _sp
\npXmWsXv HSphneh Isn. Acw A
Zi\ e`n almmfpw Ejnamcpw Bmt\zjnIfpamWv
P\fpsS kmwkvImcnI PohnXs \bnncpXv.
GIssZhn sdbpw Atln s hN\amb
GI{Kntbpw BKa\w {]IrXnbpsS Bmsf `qanbn
\nv \njvmk\w sNbvXp. ]qnItcmSp \psS _s
apdnpIfbpIbpw tZho tZhamcpsS Ir]bn \nv AXv \s
AInfbpIbpw sNbv Xp. AXnam\pjtdXv t]mep Hcp
A]chynXzw \psS t_m[Xes `cnm XpSpIbpw
PohnXn \nv \s AIpIbpw sNbv Xp. AXv tbmKbpw,
KqVimkv {Xfpw, TPymXnjhpw, tcmKimnbpw Hsbp
AhnizmknIfpsS m\kns\ ss]imNnIw Asn
B]XvIcw Fp]dv XnfbpIbmWv sNbvXXv.
Fm Cu GI ssZhw Hcp kmh euInI hynXza.
(Hcp Imev Cu ssZh kw As\bmbncpp Fv
Bscn epsams hmZn tmw). Atlw kXyn s
GIXzsb {]Xn\n[m\w sNpXv, adnv asm ssZhpw
FXn cmbp Hscm ssZhsbmWv . Akqb \n d Hcp
`mhns\ t]mse Atlw XtmSp hnt[bXzns
IpImhImiw BhiysSpp. GImIXbnte Atlw
Xs P\sf \bn Xv adn v kXyhn iz mkn sbpw
Ahnizmknsbpap ZznXzntemWv. AXmIs ]ckv]cap
Ahnizmknsdbpw shdpnsdbpw XpSv aXns t]cnep
òIcXbptSbpw tXhmgvNbmWv temIn\v km\nXv.
Fm Cu GIssZhn\v ASnaens Ccp
bpKn am{Xta ASn `cnm Ignbq. Atln\v kzw
A[oiXz w \n e\n m hn Nmcn s shfn hpw
At\z jWn \p kz mX{ yhpw \n tj[n pIbpw
_e{]tbmKnsdbpw {]NcWnsdbpw klmbw tXSpIbpw
thWw. GXm\pw \qmpI \op \nsnepw Cu A[oiXzw
Xmmen Iambn cpp. bpn hn Nmcn sdbpw,
\n coWn tbpw, B[p\n I temIn se Xpd
Bibhn\nabnsdbpw XncnphcthmSp IqSn Atlns Cu
A[oiXz w Ahkm\n mXn cn m h. Db
t_m[Xetpdnp \psS kz`mhnI XmXv ]cyw hopw
DWcpapdbv v \psS tZho tZhmscmw Xn cn sI
hpsImncnpp. HcnqSn AhcpsS at\mlchpw
kvt\l]qWhpamb Ir] \nsemw FntcpamdmIs!
lnpaXhpw Xtiobamb ]mccyfpw
{]IrXnbptSbpw `qanbptSbpw aXsbmWv lnpaXw
{ ]Xn \n [m\w sNpXv . ]pdtabv v AXv taLfn epw
\{Xfnepw aeIfnepw \ZnIfnepsamsbmWv \ne\npXv.
Fm Xtiob ]mccyfnepw Fm ]ucmWnI aXfnepw
{]tXyInv Bmhns AYhm Db t_m[Xens {]XoIamb
kqcys\ Bcm[np aXfn \apv lnpaXs ImWmw.
191 tUhnUv {^men
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 192
At\Iw hn[n BmhnjvImcw \Sp Hcp hynbpsS
aXamWv lnp[w. AXv PohnXns aXamWv.
lnpaXs t\cnSpI {]bmkamWv . ImcWw AXn\w
\psS { ]mNo\hn iz mkfpsS thcpIsfs
t\cnSpIsbXmWv. {]mNo\ A{Xam{Xw tamishcmbncptm
? \mw s]mXpth Nn { XoIcn ptmse Ah shdpw
tNmcsmXnbamcmb A]cnjvIrXamcmbncpp FmtWm ?
temIn \mKcn IXbpw `qXm\pIbpw sImphXv
{Inkv XpaXw am{XamtWm ? AhnizmknI Ahsc{X Xs
alXzaphcmbncpmepw, X tInnm tbiphns\
kzoIcnm HmcWw sImv \cIn\v hn[nshcmtWm?
\psS ]qhnI Xosc ]ntmw \nncphcpw \sfms
hfsc ]ptcmKanhcpw BsWv F\nv hnizknm Ignbpn.
Hcp aXhnizmkw kzoIcnpXp sImp am{Xw a\pjycn amw
hcpsatm Ah IpsdqSn \hcmIpsatm Rm
hnizknpn. hnipmhsbpdnp almb t_m[w
Dmbn cp a\pjycmbn cpp \psS ]qhn I. Cuiz c
Zi\tmfw hf sshImcnIXbpsS apgph Xefpw Ah
A\p`hnnn Fp hcptam ? Fn\v ssZhw, ZnhyXzw XpSnb
\psS hmpIsfmw AhcpsS \nLphn \nphbmWv .
Xobmbpw Ahn iz mkn I Fp \mw ]dbp { ]mNo\
aXhnizmknIv Hcp AXoX insbpdnv Adnhpmbncpp.
AXnt\mSv _sSpXn\p amKfpw Ahdnbpambncpp.
]pWye, sFXnly, XXzZi\w, Dmgv NI
Fns\bp Fmambn _sp \np Bgap
BymnI k{Zmb Ahpmbncpp.
{InkvXpaXw Cu k{Zmbsf Npcpnfp. Ahsb
]Tn p a\n emn bn , adn v Ahsb ]cn ]qambn
Xnckv IcnpsImv . {Inkv XpaXns GIXm\amb amKn\v
Dsmm\mhpXnepw Apdambncpp Ahbnse sshhnyw.
aXwamdpXn\v apv XfpsS ]qhnIcpsS aXw Fmbncpp
F tNmZyw {In kv Xy Cmw aX]mefn \n v
193 tUhnUv {^men
hn ph Ftmsgn epw kz bw tNmZn n ptm Fv
kwibamWv . AhnizmknIsfpdnv {]NcnnpXpt]mse
AhcpsS aXw shdpw _nw_mcm[\bpw Ahnizmkfpw
Imamknbpw am{Xambncptm ? AtXm Ahv AhcptSXmb
alXzhpw AymnIXbpw, ZnhyXzspdnp t_m[hpw
almb Ncn{Xhpw ]mccyhpw Hsbpmbncptm ? Cu
{]mNo\ hnizmksf temIsamSpw {]tXyInpw CUybn
\ne\np AhbpsS kaImeo\amb kwkvImc]mccyneqsS
\apntm a\nemm\mhpw.
Hcp Nv , Hcp { Kw, Hcp { ]hmNI Fn hsb
ASnm\sSpn sInSphb Xtiob aX. Ah
thcqn bn cn pXv `qan bn epw BImin epamWv , Hcp
]pkv XIntem Hcp m]\ntem A. Hcp P\XbpsS
kwkvImcnsdbpw PohnXcoXnbpsSbpw `mKamWh. AhcpsS
Nne hnizmk H t\mn ]g\pw Akwkv IrXhpw
Hsbmbn tXmmsanepw IqSpX A\p`mh]qhw Xpd
a\tmsS t\mnmWphv henb AY Ahbn
Zinm\mIpw.
Xtiobsc IpImenIsftmse sXfnpsImpt]mbn
PbnepIp Xpeyamb kmlNcyfn ]mnpXpw,
XfpsS Bmhns Xs `mKamb AhcpsS `qanI Ahcn
\nv XnsbSppXpw AhcpsS IpSpw_sf `nnnp
IfbpXpw Hs Cu ]pXpaX aptns `mKambncpp.
AXnibIcamb hkv XpXsbsm Cu {IqcIrXyfneqsS
X Xtihmkn Isf ]cn jv cn pIbpw Ahv \
{ In kv Xym\n Ifmbn Pohn m AhkcsamcppIbpw
sNpIbmsWmbncpp AhcpsS ZrUhnizmkw.
s{sIkvXh ]qh {Kov kwkvImcw \apv ttmsbbpw
Acnkvtmnens\bpw Xp. AYhm ]nmev bmsXmcp aXnpw
IqSmsX {Inkv Xy ssZhimkv {Xw AXns kzw ASnd
GsXmn sInSppthm B ]mmXy XXzZi\w AhcmWv
temIn\v km\nXv . hfsc BgtadnbXpw kohpamb
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 194
AYI\ItfmSpIqSnb ]pcmW Ah \app Xp.
kobqkv apX Atmtfm hscbpw At{^mssSv apX loc
hscbpap ApX tZho tZh k \app Xp. ]pcmX\
bqtdm]y Zn hyamcmb tmn \kn t\m Sym\bn se
Atmtfm\nbknt\m A\Xtbmfw hyhlcnpXn\v Hcp
]pkvXIntdbpw ]nbpsSbpw Bhiyapmbncpn. Ah
{InkvXym\nIfpambncpn. {]tNmZ\n\mbn Ah t\mnbXv
CUybntemWv ss__nfnte.
skSpIv AhcpsS KmbIIhn Ifpw
k\ymknIfpapmbncpp. sshcnIfmb tdmamm t]mepw
almmsf \nev t\mnncphcmbncpp {]ikvXcmb
Uv dqbnSpI. sshZnI kwkv Imcnse bw t]msebp
NSpIfpw hmsamgnbmbn ssIamdnh Hcp Imhykpw
UvdqbnSpIpmbncpp. `qantbbpw aeItfbpw ant\bpw
AhbpsS Bmtfbpw Ah Adn n cpp. Ahv
AhcptSXmb NnInm k{Zmbhpw TPymXnjhpw XXzZi\hpw
Dmbncpp. CuPn]v jy kwkv Imcw {]m]nI t_m[s
{]Xnênnp infpw KqVimkv {Xfnep AhcpsS
Adnhns\ kmysSpp almb ]ncanUpIfpw \app \In.
Cpw \mahcpsS t\ Iv AXnibnpsImncnpp.
Ahsbmpw Xs ]p\ krnm IgnbpX.
ap hnizmksf ss]imNnIw Asn A[aw Bn
Nn{XoIcnpXv kaqlhIrX aXfpsS X\Xmb kz`mhw
XsbmWv. DZmlcWn\v ayImes apo XnabpsS
{]XoIfmb AhnizmknIfpsS hn{Kl XIpXn
FsnmsX A`nam\w Isnbncpp. hn{Kln\v Ah
D]tbmKnncp hmv _paXs Dtinv _pZv Fmbncpp.
`bcamscpw AhnimknIsfpw Btcm]nv Ah t\cnncpXv
kam[m\ t{]anIfmb shdpw _pk\ymknamscbmbncpp !
AhnizmknIfpsS t\scbp s{sIkvXh B{IaWw
Fs Ncn{X ]T\n \nv F\nv a\nemm Ign
Hcp Imcyw, AhnizmknIfn \nv {InkvXym\nIv t\cntSn
195 tUhnUv {^men
h ]oU\tfm F{Xtbm A[nIambncpp {InkvXym\nI
{]mNo\ aXhnizmknIp t\sc \Snb ]oU\ FXmWv.
{]m\ tdmw s]mXpth ap aXhnizmkfpsS t\sc klnjvWpX
]pepIbpw \nch[n hnizmk k{ZmbfpsS \ne\nv
AwKoIcn pIbpw sNbv Xn cpp. { In kv Xym\n I tdmam
km{ amPytmSv hn t[bXz w ]pem hn kXn Xn
\nmbncpp Ahcpw {Inkv Xym\nIfpw Xnep kwLjw
XpSnbXv . hensbmcp km{amPyns A[n]amcmbncp
Imiyap tdma `cWm[n Imcn I { In kv Xm\n Isf
ASnanbncpp F Imcyn bmsXmcp kwibhpan.
Fm tdmam km{amPynepmbncp Bgap At\Iw
aXZi\sf Cusbmcp cm{ ob ImcWw sImpam{ Xw
\ntj[nm Ignbn.
{In kv Xy `cWn s BZy \qmpIfn {]mNo\
aXmcpsS Fa t{X \innsSpItbm ]nIfmn
amsSpItbm sNbvXp. Ahbnse _nw_ XpSsSpIbpw
Ahnipw Ft]cn Nhnn saXnsSpIbpw sNbvXp. AhcpsS
ApXIcamb NSpIfpw XXzZi\fpw shdpw Ahnizmkw
Fmtcm]nv XpSp\osp. C{]Imcw \inns {]mNo\
temInse At\Iw hnm\ tI{fn Hp am{Xambncpp
AseIvkm{nbbnse almb khIemimebpw {Kimebpw.
Ime{Ian GsXkn \ne\nncp ttm AmZanbpw
ASp]qsp. BZyIme { In kv XpaXw ]T\n \pw
]pkvXIpw FXncmbncpp. ]noSv BZyIme CmwaXhpw
CtX amXrI Xs ]npScpIbpmbn.
bYmn an { Xmbn Iv hwiPcpsS ioXIme
BtLmjambncp {InkvXpakv t]msebp {]mNo\ hnizmk
{InkvXy Nv ISpIbmWpmbXv. AXpt]mse XsbmWv
Hcp P {]mNo\mNmcambncp {InkvXpakv {Sobpw. AXpt]mse
{]mNo\ tZho kfn \nv kzoIcnXmWv atUmW.
{Inkv XpaXns Ghpw BIjIamb ann hifn
]eXpw icnpw t]K k{Zmbfn \nv ISw sImhbmWv!
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 196
F{Xtbm IqSpX Ahcn \nv ISw sImnpsnepw
t\mq t]K F hmv Cv F{X AhtbmSpIqSnbmWv
D]tbmKnsSpXv . a\ns ASnn ]Xnp t]mb
aX]camb aphn[nIsfbmWv CXv {]XnênnpXv . Cv lnpaXw
F hmn\pw CtXt]msebp Ah \nd Aw
\Isnpv. B[p\nI temIns apn Ghpw {]mIrXamb
aXw F `mh\ DWp hn[nemWv lnp F hmns\
Xcw XmgvnbnpXv.
kwLSnX aXfpsS khm[n]Xy at\m`mhw ImcWw Ah
kzw Znhyamtcbpw ASnanbnpv. {InkvXy Znhyamsc
]nbpw, CmanI kq^namsc apamcpw ASnanbnpv .
Akoknbnse skdv {^mknkns\ t]msebp Znhyam
Ghpw Ipd ]w Hcp ]IpXn t]K Bbncpp. t]K
hnizmkfnse Znhy amXm]nXm Asn ]nXmhmb kqcy\pw
amXmhmb N{\pw F kfpsS {]Xnê\w XsbmWv
kqcys\ ktlmZc\mbpw N{s\ ktlmZcnbmbpw A`nkwt_m[\
sNp Atlns Zi\nepapXv ! Atlns B
Km\w ]qoIcnstSXpv.
Xtiob hnizmk BymnIa F hmZn Ign
Xs. bZmYn Ahsb ]pdm Imefmbn
{ianpsImncnp kwLSnX aXfnteXnt\m icnbmb
annknkw IqSnb tXmXn \ne\npXv AhbnemWv. apJy[mcm
{ In kv XpaXhpw CmwaXhpw an n kn ktbpw { ]mNo\
KqVimkv { Xtfbpw `bsSpp. Ah Kpcpamsc
CsSpn . AhcpsS Htcsbmcp cItdtbm
Ay{]hmNItdtbm klmbanmsX Xs t\cnv ssZhns
A\p`hapmhm km[npw Fp ]dbp GsXmcmsfsmnbpw
Ah t_Pmdmhpw.
\qmpIp apv bqtdmn XpSnh ASnaens
XpS am{Xambncpp Atacn \mSpIfn {Inkv Xym\nI
sNbv XXv . ]mmXytcm, bqtdm]ytcm BsWXmbncpn Cu
aX]camb Akln jv WpXbpsS ImcWw. adn v apJy[mcm
197 tUhnUv {^men
{Inkv XpaXhpw CmwaXhpw ]npScp 'X am{Xw' F
hnizmkns êambncpp AXv. Atacnsc ASnasSpnb
bqtdm]y sImtfmWn ben pIsfm IqSpXembn
s{ sIkv Xh]qh bqtdm]yamcmb skSpIpw
AtacnpanSbn s]mXphmb ]eXpapmbncpp. Xtiob
Atacn t\cn Cu A[n \n thin s kz mZv t\cs
AdnnphcmWv skSpIfpw.
Xtiob ]mccysf \njvImk\w sNm lnp[w
Hcn epw { ian n n , adn v Ahbpambn kplrZn epw
klhnXznepw Fntcm\mWv {iannpXv. Fpap
t]K Asn Xtiob ]mccyfpsS Hcp
A`ypZbImwnbmWv lnpaXw. lnphmIm thn Hcph\v Xs
ss]XrIs Dt]npItbm kmwkv ImcnI ]mccys
\ntj[npItbm sNtn hcpn. AXn\mbn sNtXv Hp
am{Xw. AymnIXbnse hnhn[ amKsf _lpam\nm
XmdmhpI.
t]K ]mccyfn semw Xs hfsc { ]m[m\yw
sImSpn p tZhoks ln p ]mccyhpw
_lpam\npp. s]mXpth ss__n aX Xnfnp
HmWnXv. `qaotZhn apX Zp hscbmbn tZho`mhns Fm
cq]sfbpw AXv \apmbn IcpXn hncnpp. tZho D]mk\sb
]p\x{]XnjvTnm B{Klnp GsXmcph\pw lnp[n\v
henb {]m[m\yw sImSppw. ImcWw a\pjys BymnI
`mh\IfpsS FmXetfbpw AXv kqnp hncnpp.
kzw [s Ism\p {iaw Fs bqtdmns
s{sIkvXh]qh ]mccyspdnp {]tXyInpw sknIv
kwkv Imcspdn p ]T\n tev \bn p. skn Iv
hnizmkfn \nmWv Fs sFdnjv ]qhnI ISphnpXv.
AhcpsS ]mccypw lnpaXn\pw Xn Hcp hyXymkhpw
ImWm F\np Ignn. `mKyhim AhcpsS kwkvImcns
ImXemb Awi \qmpI \op \n ASnaens\
AXn Pohn pIbpmbn . AXn tm ]pXn bXmbn hopw
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 198
]pjv nm XpSnbncnpp. Imew sImpw av Xtiob
]mccyfpsS klmbw sImpw C\nbpw Ahscmcp]t
XfpsS ]qhIme alnabntev XncnsIsbnqSmbvIbn.
1996 apX sknv {KqpIfpambn Rm kn
hcpIbpw Ahcpambn Ncn{Xhpw aXhpambn _s hnjbfn
NI XpSpIbpw sNbv Xncpp. Ahcn `qcn]hpw
lnpaXs _lpam\npIbpw AXnt\mSv HcpXcw XabXzw
]pepIbpw sNbvXncpp. temInse {]mNo\ hnizmkfpsS
]p\cpoh\ns Hcp amXrIbmbnmWv Ah lnp CUysb
ImWpXv. kzw ]mccyn \npw \sp t]mb ]eXpw
Ahcnp IspXv lnp ]mccynemWv.
1999 Fs sknIv kplrpfpsS D]tZia\pkcnv
sshZn I_ap skn Iv aXn se Fs sFdn jv
IpSpw_]mccyw Rm ]p\chImisp. {]tXyIambn sknIv
coXnbnep ]cnioe\ Rm sNmdnsnepw Fs sslh
km[\Ifn Rms\mcp sFdnjv Nph Iqntnpv. sknIv
ssZhamb sk\pt\mkn Hcph\v in hs\ ImWm\mIpw.
skpt\mkv BIs arKfpsS A[n]XnbpamWv . sknIv
kamb lcnXa\pjy {]IrXnbpsS ]nnep Znhymmhns
AYhm ]pcpjs {]XoIw Xs. kkyfn Ah sshZnI
ssZhamb tkma\mWv . { ItaW { ]IrXn bpambp Fs
kwthZ\n epw Fs { ]h\n epw skn Iv
amKsfpdn p IqSpX Bgtadn b [mcW
F\np]tbmKsSpm Ignbpw Fv Rm {]Xonpp.
Xtiob aXfpsS Cu ]p\cpoh\w temIsapw
insp sImncnpp. `mhnbn AXv IqSpX {]kambn
Xocm\p eWfpw ImWm\pv. {]mNo\ hnizmkfnep
Cu XmXv]cysf kwtbmPnnm DtinpsImp {][m\
Nm ktf\ ]ebn Spw \Sppv . t]K
hnizmkfpsS Cu ]pXnb DWhns\ bqtdmnse Itmen
]n AhcpsS \ne\nns\Xnscbp Hcp henb hn]mbmWv
ImWpXv. Ign cmbncw hj {]mNo\ hnizmksf
199 tUhnUv {^men
\innm {iansnepw AhXn hnPbnm Ignnn.
AXn \p ImcWw \psS A\mZn bmb Aymn IXtbmSv
CgpIn t LSIfmWv Cu { ]mNo\ kwkv Imc
{]XnênnpXv FXmWv . AsXmcnepw \innm km[ya.
izmkw IgnmsX \apv Pohnm Ignbpw FXpt]mse
Akm[yamWXv.
Ccw \n tbm t]K { ]m\ Atacn bn epw
bqtdmn sepw ImWm Ign bpw. ]p\cpohn n sp
sImncnp Xtiobamb Atacn, lhmbnb, B{^n,
Hmkvt{Senb ]mccyfnep XmXv]cyw Cu {]m\v
Icpp ]Icppapv. Cu Fm {KqpIfpw lnpaXtmSv Hcp
{]tXyI ASpw ImWnpp. Imes AXnPohn {]mNo\
kwkv Imcfn Ghpw almbsX \nebn lnpaXw
AhbpsS Bgsbpw intbbpw Ipdnv temIn\v Hcp [mcW
]Ip \Ipp. anjWdn kzm[o\fn s]v Csmgpw
ASn aepI t\cn psImn cn p Fm { ]mNo\
kwkv Imcfpw XfpsS ]p\cpoh\n lnp[s
Hcpa kplrpw kJyinbpambn IWmpp.
]nbptSbpw aX aphn[nIfptSbpw CSs]S IqSmsX
Hcn IqSn `qantbbpw ZnhyXztbpw IqnbnWm kzX{ambn
{]hnp t]K hnizmk AhbpsS At\Iw tZho
tZhamtcmsSmw XncnsI hcpamdmIs.
sslZcm_mZv Bv _njpambp
kwhmZw
aX]cnh\ hnjbspdnv
1998 HSphn CUybn se {In kv Xy aX]cn h\
{iapt\sc lnpfpsS `mKp\nv Hcp XncnSnbpmbn.
hfscmeambn anjWdnamcpsS eyambncp h\hmknIfpsS
CSbnemWv CXpmbXv. HcpImcyw ChnsS {itbamWv. {InkvXy
anjWdnam lnpaX t\XmfpsS ASp kwhmZn\mbn
hcmdn . ImcWw Ahcn emtcbpw aXw amm Ign bn
Fhpdpv . Ah ]mhtfbpw
hnZym`ymkanmhtcbpamWv Ah {][m\ambpw eyw
hbv pXv . AhcpsS Dtiipnsbpdnv CXn \nv Fp
a\nemmw ?
h\hmknIfpsS PohnXnep anjWdnamcpsS CSs]S
F CXnse bYm {]iv\sb ]mmXy kzm[o\nep
ChnSps am[ya NqnmWnXv . adnv Ahscmhcpw
lnpauenIhmZsa hn]ns\ IpsSpm\mWv Cu Ahkcw
hn\ntbmKnXv. lnpsf AklnjvWpfmbn Nn{XoIcnpIbpw
{ In kv Xym\n IsXn tcbp A{ Iasf s]cpn p
ImWn pIbpw sNbv Xtm ln psXn tcbp
s{sIkvXhcpsS A{Ia Insp \SnpIbmWv sNbvXXv.
an jWdn amcpsS Akln jv WpXm]chpw ccqn Xhpamb
Ncn{Xs Ah hnkvacnp.
B kw`hfn Hscm an jWdn am{ Xta
sImspqshnepw AhcXns\ CUybnse {InkvXym\nIv
t\sc \Sp Iqsmebpw cm`ntjIhpw Hssb hw
Nn{XoIcnp. AXns\pSv aX]cnh\ hnjbspdnv Hcp
tZiob kwhmZn\v {][m\a{n AS _nlmcn hmPv t]bn
\ntZinp.
sslZcm_mZn se { ]m`mcXn Hcp { ][m\ ln p
kwLS\bmbncpp. Cu tZiob hnjbn ]sSpm\pw
sslZcm_mZn se Bv _n jmbn cp AcpftbmSv
kwhmZntesSm\pw AhsctmSv Bhiysp. Fgp]nbmdp
hbmbncp _njv CUybnse As Ghpw ko\nb
Bb s{sIkvXh k`my\mbncpp. AsXmcp {]tXyI shphnfn
Xsbmbncpp. Rm lnp[ns hmhmbn Hcp {]apJ
kZn kwkmcnWw. AXpw CUybnse Ghpw {]apJ\mb
Hcp s{sIkvXh t\Xmhnt\mSv. AtlamIs HmIvkvt^mUnsems
]Tn , Hcp Aym]I\pw { ]mkwKn I\pw Hsbmbn
AtZiobXen Xs hfsc A\p`h ]cnNbw Dbmfpw.
t\ct FgpXn Xmdmn sImph Hcp {]mh\ Bv
_njv hmbnp. temIn aX]camb klnjv WpXbptSbpw
kam[m\ntbpw BhiyIX AXn Dun ]dncpp.
aX]camb Imcyfn `mcXw ]pep klnjvWpXbpw At\I
amKsf Hcpt]mse AwKoIcn p AXn s Ncn {Xhpw
AtlaXn FSpp ]dp. Fm aX]cnh\hpw
AXpbp { ]iv \fpw Atlw Xs { ]kwKn
kv ]in pIbpmbn . Bthi]qhap aXhcWw
Ncn{Xnepw ]nmepw Dmnbnp {]iv\ Atlw
hnpIfp. Rm\pw AhnsS hmbnpXn\mbn Hcp {]kwKw FgpXn
Xmdmnbncpp. Fm Rm\Xv amnhnv t\cnv kwkmcnp.
AXn \ptijw \S tNmZtymc thfbn Xopw
A{ ]Xon Xambn Bv _n jv \n _n X
201 tUhnUv {^men
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 202
aXhcWns\Xnsc iamb `mjbn Xs Hcp {]mh\
\Sn . CUybn se ap { In kv Xym\n Iv AsXmcp
BLmXambncpp.
\n `mKyhim CUybn tetbm temIs
apnSfnsetbm av {Inkv Xy aXt\Xm Cusbmcp
kao]\tmSv A\p`mhw { ]ISn n pn . Ahsc
kw_nnStmfw CXv ]nbpsS \ne]mS. Atlns
{]kvXmh\bnse {]k `mK Xmsg sImSppp.
" aX]cn h\w AYiq\yamWv ! ssZhn tev
]cnh\sSmnStmfw, \tmSp ssZhns hmIyw
{ihnmnStmfw, shdpw aXhcWn\v bmsXmcp
AYhpan. AhnSps Ctbbpw ]Xntbbpw ]npScpI.
AXmWv bYm aXw. AXpsImv hyn]cambn Rm Hcp
Xcnep aXhcWnepw hnizknpn.
Rm \ntfmSv ]dbm B{Klnp Hcp {][m\ kwKXn,
{InkvXpaXw Ign Imev `bm\Iamb ac sNbvXp
Iqnbnpv FXmWv. AXnsemv aXtbpw kwkvImctbpw
Iqnpgembncpp. \n CUybntev t]mIptm
CUy kwkvImcw kzoIcnWw. B{^nbn B{^n\pw,
Pm\n Pmsdbpw kwkvImc Dsmm XmdmhWw.
\ Hcp]mSv sXpIfpw A_fpw sNbvXp Iqnbnpv.
s{sIkvXhXbvv ]pdv tamN\an FXv ]qambpw icnbmb
Hcp Imgv NmS. Hcp hn iz mkn sb \n ebn Imcysf
t\mnmWpXns Hcp coXnam{XamWXv . Fm Rm
]dbpXv apn ssZhn \nmWv InpXv FmWv . AXv
aXn \nv Inp H. CXv icnv a\nemnbm Fm
{]iv\fpw Xocpw.
Fs {]kwKnse {]k `mKfpw ChnsS tNpp.
Cu {]kwKns ]qcq]hpw Bv _njns {]kvXmh\Ifpw
Bhiyaphv {]m`mcXntbmSv t\cnv _sSmhpXmWv.
203 tUhnUv {^men
{]m`mcXnbnse {]kwKw
'aX]cn h\n se [mn IX' F hn jbn ,
sslZcm_mZnse `mcXob hnZym`h\n hv 1999 s^{_phcn 9\p
{]m`mcXn kwLSnn s]mXp NmthZnbn AhXcnn
{]kwKw.
Fs Hcp Itmen\mbnmWv Fs amXm]nXm
hfnbXv. Rm Itmen kvIqfnemWv t]mbncpXpw. Fs
Amh Apw Csmgpw Hcp an jWdn bmWv . Hcn
XtiobcpsS Bmsf cnpXn\mbn Atlw ZnW
Atacnbntev t]mIpIbmsWv RtfmSv ]dp. AhnSs
P\ { In kv Xym\n Ifspw aXwamdmXn cpm Ah
\nXy\cIn IsSm CSbmIpsapw RtfmSv ]dbsp.
CXmWv Rm ISph ]mew. Cv Atacnbntem
temIshn sSsbn epsam Hcp]t Npcpw Nn e
A]hmZsfmgn m 'kh[ ka`mhw' F Bibw
aXns `mKambn ]Tnnpn. ]mmXytZis Fs
{InkvXy hnZym`ymkn Rms\mcnepw Cu Bibw Inn.
lnpaXw _nw_mcm[\mcpsS aXamWv FmWv Rsf
]TnnXv . AXv ]e ssZhfpw Ahnizmkfpw \nd aXamWv .
lnpv kzKn m\an. almmKmnsb t]mse
BZcWob\mb Hcp ln phn s\t]mepw Nn e Imcyfn
BZcnptmgpw, Atlsamcp {Inkv Xym\nbmbncpsn
sImSppambncp aX]camb _lpam\w Hcnepw Atln\p
sImSpnn.
Cu at\m`mhw CUybn am{Xw HXpn \npX,
temIsapw DXmWv. CUybnse lnpsfbmIs samambn
Xs aX]cn h\ kwLm Csmgpw Dw hp
sImncnpp. CsXp sImmWv Cs\ ? Fm aXfpw
Htc kXyw XsbmWv ]TnnpsXn ]nsn\mWv Nne
aXm am{Xw aphsc aXw amn XfpsS `mKtv
sImphcm {ianpXv ?
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 204
lnpaXw Hcp _lpamK k{ZmbamWv. ZnhyXbntev ISp
hcpXn\pw BkmmXvImcw t\SpXn\pw \nch[n amKfpw,
{Kfpw, almmfpw Dsv AXv ]Tnnpp. X\nv
Ghpw A\ptbmPysav t_m[ysSp amKw IspXn\pw
]npScpXn\pw Hcp hynv kzmX{yapmbncnWw.
Fm Fm aXfpw _lpamK kao]\s
t{ ]mmln n phb. Hpan aXfpw XfpsS
hnimkfn IpI at\m`mhw hp ]pephbmWv
FXmWv bmYmYyw. Aw Nne A]hmZ Hgnm,
temInse Ghpw henb cp aXfpw XfptSXv am{XamWv
kXyaXw F hnizmkw ]TnnphcmWv. temIsamSpap
icmicn {InkvXym\nI a\nemnbncnpXv {InkvXym\nIv
am{Xta hntamN\w Dq FmWv. {InkvXym\nIv \nXykzKhpw,
{In kv Xym\n Ifmhv {]tXyIn pw hn {Klmcm[Icmb
lnpv \nXy\cIhpamWv Fhsc hnizknnncnpp. Cu
{]kvXmh\sb Jnp Hcp {]apJ {InkvXy t\Xmhnt\bpw
CXphtcbpw \apv Innbnn.
{InkvXpaXstbm Cmans\tbm t]mse Xs \XmWv
lnpaXhpw Fp Cphsc temInse Hscm {Inkv Xy
aXtaeyt\m Hcp {]apJ apow t\Xmthm ]dv tInn.
{iocmat\m {ioIrjvWt\m tbiphn\v Xpey\mWv Fv kXnp
Xcp Hscm {Inkv Xy t\Xmhns\bpw ]mmXy temIv
F\ndnpIqS. Hcp caWaljntbtbm Achnt\tbm
Asn almmKmntbtbm CuizckmmXvImcw Asn
BkmmXvmcw t\Snb Hcp almmhmbn AwKoIcnp Hcp
aX t\Xmhn t\bpw F\n hn sS Adn bn . CUybn se
]men CXn\v Nne A]hmZ Dmtbmw F Imcyw
Rm hnkvacnpn. Fm CXv (av aXsf AwKoIcnpI
FXv) hnms HuZtymKnI \ne]mS. AXv t]mns \bw
Atb.
Gjybn se n Xn hn tijs hn ebn cpn smv
CubSp Imembn t]mv ]pdsSphn ' aqmw
205 tUhnUv {^men
kl{kmns BKa\w' F {]kvXmh\bn \nv Hcp `mKw
hmbnm Rm B{Klnpp.
"{]mNo\ aXfmb _paXtbpw lnpaXtbpw
FXncnSpXnep shphnfn Gjy knt\mUv t\cntSXpv. Cu
aXfn ep kXyfpsS AwitfmSv _lpam\w
{]ISnnptm Xs, tbip am{XamWv ssZhn\pw a\pjy\pw
CSp a[y Fpw, a\pjyhn s Htcsbmcp
hntamNI Fpw ]nI Dun ]dtbXmWv."
CXv t]mns {]kvXmh\bn \nv t\cnsSpnpXmWv.
aX klnjv WpXsbpdnv AsXmWv ]dbpsXv t\mq.
tbiphmWv Htcsbmcp amKw. Cu aXfnep kXysf \mw
AwKoIcnpI. Fm Ah tbiphns\ Htcsbmcp amKw Bbn
AwKoIcn v ]n pScm Xmdsn Ahsc \mw
AwKoIcntXn FmWv t]mv ]dbpXv . AXmbXv \mw
Ahsc aXw amtXpv . AXmWv ktiw. CXv 'Pohnq
Pohnm A\phZnq' F klnjv WpXbpsS ktia.
lnpv AhcpsS amKhpw \apv \psS amhpw. cpw
\Xv F ktia CXv. {io_pt\m {ioIrjvWt\m tbiphn\v
Xpey\mWv F ktia CXv.
AsXmcp aX]camb IpI at\m`mhs {]Xnênnp
{]kvXmh\bmWv. Ccw IpI at\m`mhw AklnjvWpXsb
hfpsav Rm Ddnp ]dbm B{Klnpp. FtdXv
am{XamWv Htcsbmcp hgn Fv Rm IcpXpp Fn asmcp hgn
kzoIcnp \ntfmSv Fs\bmWv F\nv kXykamb
kln jv WpX ]pem Ign bpI ? Ccw Fm
AklnjvWpXIfpw kwLjfntev \bnpIbpw hnLS\hpw
AkpenXmhbpw [mcWmniIpw hcpn hbv pIbpw
sNpw.
CXv kaqlsf hn`PnpIbpw \nch[n {]iv \v
ImcWamhpIbpw sNpw. AXpsImv Zbhmbn Cmcyw a\n
IcpXpI. Cu cp aXfpw temInse _lp`qcn]w P\fpw
hnizknpIbpw ]npScpIbpw sNphbmWv FXp sImpw
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 206
Cu aXwam {]h\w XpSpsImncnpp FXp sImpw
lnpsf \nebn Ch Dbp shphnfnIsf \n
t\cntSXmbnpv .
aX]camb Fm hn jbtfpdn pw kz X{ hpw
kulrZmcon epXpamb Xpd kwhmZ
\apmhiyapv Fv Rm IcpXpp. aXns kmaqly
{ ]kn bpw kn m]camb hifpw Ahbn N
sNsSWw. imkv{X hnjbfnepXp t]mse hnai\n\pw
NIpw kwhmZpw ]qW kzmX{yapmbncnWw.
Nne {]tXyI hn`mKsf Xncp]nSnv Dw hbv pI
FpXmWv aX]cn h\ taJebn s]mXpth
kw`hn mdpXv . Chn sS cv Imcyfn ep hyXymkw
NqnmWnm Rm B{Klnpp. Hv ]T\nsdbpw
Xpd NIfptSbpw Bib hn\nabfptSbpw ASnm\n
BfpI XncsSpp aX]cnh\w. bmsXmcp sXpw
AXnen. "BtKmf aXwam _nkn\v " Fv Rm hnfnp
hn`mKn s]XmWv cmatXv . Ch cns\bpw Xn
hyambpw thXncnmWv Rm ImWpXv.
BtKmf aXwam _n kn \v temIn se hen b
_nkn\pIfn HmWv. Hcp]t CXpXsbmhWw temInse
Ghpw henb _nkn\v . Itmenm Nv am{Xa, \nch[n
t{]msSdv kwLS\Ifpw _ny IWn\v tUmfdpI
aphsc {InkvXpaXntev amp {]h\mbn amn
hn pv . Ah Bbn cWn \v {]hIsc CXn \mbn
]cnioennpIbpw Chmsenkn\p hyamb ]XnI
BhnjvIcnpIbpw sNpp. ]noSv B ]cn]mSnIf\pkcnv aXw
ampXn\mbn {]tXyI kaqlsf Xncp ]nSnv Dw
hbv pIbpw sNpp. Cu _lpcm{ aXwam hyhkmbw
atsXmcp _lpcm{ hyhkmbtbpw t]mse Xs. CXv
Hcnepw kpXmcytam \oXnbn A[njvTnXtam A. CXv kwhmZtam
Ntbm Hpa.
Cu anjWdn _nkn\n hyambn \mw ImWpXv Hcp
207 tUhnUv {^men
aXm, apaXcmb BfpIsf XfpsS ]mfbntev
sImphcpXn\v Bhnjvcnp X{fmWv. AXpsImp
Xs Cu _nkn\v aX kzmX{yntdX. Hcp aXw av
aXfpsS ta tatmbv a m]n pXpambn
_sXmWnXv . a\pjysc apgph, XfpsS Ctmgp
hnizmksf Xnfnv Hscm aXs ]npScphcmn
Xom\pXmWnXv .
FpsImmWv CUybn Cu aXwam _nkn\v C{Xbpw
hepXmbn \SpXv ? anjWdnamv {]NcWw \Sm\pw
{]hnm\pw kzmX{yap temInse Ghpw henb
{InkvtXyXc cmPyamWv CUy. CmanI cmPyfmb ]mInmt\m,
_wmtZtim anjWdn {]h\w Xcnp t]mepw A\phZnpn.
kuZn bn tbiphn s Nn {Xtam Hcp ss__n tfm t]mepw
sImpsN\mIn. ssN\bpw hym]Iamb anjWdn aXwam
{]h\ A\phZnnn.
an jWdn amcpsS t\scbp Xpd kao]\hpw
klnjvWpXbpw ImcWamWv CUy AhcpsS eym\ambn
XpScpXv . CUybn Cubn sS Hcp an jWdn sIms
sZu`mKyIcamb kw`hw ]{XhmIfn \nv \madnp. AtX
BgvN XsbmWv AtXmfw {InkvXym\nIsf Ctmt\jybnse
apo Iqsme sNbv XXv . aX]camb A{Ia kw`h
temIsamSpw \SpsImn cn ppv . { In kv Xym\n I
Fmbvtmgpw CcIfpa.
\qmpIfmbn aXns t]cn CUybn lnp
sImsp hcpp. CubSpv Iivaocn Iptdtbsd lnp
Iqsme sNsSpIbpmbn . Fm aXn s
ASnm\n lnp sImsSpXv ]mmXy aoUnbbn
Hcp htb A. AsXmcnepw amya {i ]nSnp ]mdn
FXmWv kXyw. Fm Hscm anjWdn AXpw Hcp shmc
sImsm Cu ]mmXy cmPy D]tcm[fpw apw
D]tbmKnv XncnSnpw. [mnIXbpsS sImSpapSnIfn Ibdn
\npsImv ISp `mjbn hnainpIbpw sNpw.
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 208
anjWdn {]h\n\v temInse Fm `qJfnepw
c]n eamb Hcp Ncn { XamWpXv . AhbpsSsbmw
hniZmwifntev Rm\nhnsS ISpn. tKmhbn lnpfpsS
t\scbp {Inkv Xy aX]oU\w Hcp bmYmYyambncpp.
{ _n ojpIm XfpsS kz m[o\s aX]cn h\s
t{ ]mmln n pXn \mbn KqVambn D]tbmKn n cpp.
sImtfmWn b `cWn temIsamSpw an jWdn amv
Xobmbpw tassbpmbncpp. \nch[n cmPyfn tImfWn
`cWm aXwamn\mbn XfpsS inbpw kzm[o\hpw
D]tbmKnnpv.
tImfWn ImeLn\p tijw tIhew Htm ctm am{Xw
XeapdIv Cpdap \tmSp Ctm ]dbpXv AsXms
adp IfbWsamWv . Rm ]dbpXv \apv AsXmpw
A{ XthKw adm\mhn FmWv . ImcWw B \n jv Tqc
IrXysfmw sNbvX aXhn`mK Ahsbn Hcp am]Ww
t]mepw \Snbnn. 1947\p apv anjWdnam \Snqnb
A{ Iafpw ssItfpw! ; ]smXmw \qmn
\Snqnb AXn{Ia; tKmhbn sNbv X Imcy;
Atacn \mSpIfn sNbvX ]mXI; Chsbmw sXmsWv
Ah Xncndnbpsn ]ns FpsImmWv Ahcn \nv
Hcp am]Ww DmhmXv ?
Atacnbnse {InkvXym\nI XtiobtcmSv X \Snb
]mXIsfsmn Nne am]Wsfms \Snbnp Imcyw
\n tIn pmhpw. Fm ln pfpsS Imcyn
Acsamcp \ow C\nbpw Dmhm\ncnptXbpq. X
]gb amKfn \nv hyXnNenpshpw ipamb Alnwkbnepw
tkh\nepw am{Xw A[njvTnXambn {]hnphcmsWpw
\ hnizknWsav Ah B{Klnppshn ]ns
FpsImv Ahv Ghpw IpdXv Hcp am]Ww Fnepw
\SnqSm ?
Cu aXwamw Xs Fn\mWv ? {InkvXy hn`mKfpsS
CSbn \nv aXwamn\v C{Xb[nIw Xmcyw Dbp hcm
209 tUhnUv {^men
ImcWsamWv ? ImcWw Htbpq. {In kv Xym\n IfpsS
hn iz mka\pkcn v { In kv XpaXamWv Htcsbmcp kXyaXw.
{Inkv XphmWv Htcsbmcp cI. {Inkv Xym\nIv am{Xw
tamN\hpw ssZhcmPyhpw Inptm, aphv \cIamWv hn[n.
CXv kackXbpsSbpw klnjv WpXbpsSbpw \ba adnv
kwLjnsdbpw kwL\nsdbpw q {]ndv am{XamWv.
Cu at\m`mhap Hcm Hcp kaqlntev ISphv aXw
amw \Sptm FmWv BXynIambn AhnsS kw`hnpI ?
BZyambn XfpsS ]mccytfbpw ]qnItcbpw Xnfbm
P\sf ]Tn n pp. IpSpw_ ]n fsSpp.
FhnsSsbms Cu anjWdn _nkn\v ISp sNpptm
AhnsSsbms hnLS\hpw kwLjhpw A\nhmcyambpw
DSseSppp. icnpw {InkvXpaXns ]e cq]fpw \nch[n
Xcnep anjWdn {]h\fpapv.
anjWdn ssienbnm {InkvXy {KqpIfpw \nehnepv.
DZmlcWn\v ]gb {Kov HmtmtUmIvkv hn`mKhpw kndnb
{InkvXym\nIfpw. ]gbXpw klnjvWpXbpXpamb ]mccysf
Ah {]Xn\n[oIcnpp. ]ns Itmenm hn`mKw. Ah
temIsamSpw XfpsS an jWdn { ]h\s
t{]mmlnnppv. Fnepw CtmgXv Iptdsbms kuayamb
hn [n emn bn pv . temIs apgph aXw amm
anSppsnepw tImf\n hmgvNmev sNbvXncp amXncn in
D]tbmKnp aX{]h\w Ah Ctm \ndpnbncnpp.
]ns ]gb t{]msSdv, Bwn, eqYd hn`mK. Ahcpw
]e hn [n ep an jWdn { ]h\sf
t{]mmlnnphcmWv. Fm ChcpsS {]h\fpw Hcp
]cn[nhsc Ipdnpv.
Fm Cv temIn ]pXnsbmcp aX]cnh\ kwLw
Dv . { ]tXyIn pw Atacn bn \n pw ]pdsSph.
Atacnbnse {InkvXy aXauenI inI GsXmsbmWv ?
thUv hn j, {In kv Xy Iqmbv a, btlmh kmn I,
tamtamWpI, _mnpI XpSnb \nch[n {KqpI.
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 210
CUybn se ln psf aXw ampXn \mbn Ah hfsc
Dml]qw Atacnbn [\ kamlcWw \Spp. CXv
AhcpsS Snhn Nm\epIfn \mw \ntXy\ IpsImncnpp.
lnpaXw Hcp ss]imNnI aXamsWmWv AhcpsS Hcp {]apJ
t\Xmhmb ]mv tdms_Svk ]dXv.
arKfpsS incp lnp ssZhfpsS Nn{X ImWnnv
Ah ]dbpw "t\mq Cu a\pjy F{X {]mIrXcmsWv ".
CUybnse cm{ob kmaqly {]iv\sf Nqn Ah ]dbpw
"CsXmw lnpaXw ImcWw DmbXmWv. AXpsImv Zbhmbn
kw`mh\I XcnI. \nfpsS ]npW sImv am{Xta Rv
CUybn t]mbn Cu {]mIrX aXn \nv AhnSs
lnpsf amnsbSpv cnm Ignbq."
CtX anj\dnam temIsamSpw t]mIppv . Ah
Itmenscbpw Dw hbvppv. AhcpsS Cu {]hnI
ImcWw CubSp Imembn {_koen hv t]mv Ahsc
hn fn Xv sNmbv FmWv . Atln tdsXv
AhImisSp {InkvXy A\pbmbnIsf DwhbvpXn\pw
aXw ampXn\pw FXncmbnmbncpp t]mv As\ {]Xntj[nXv.
AXn s Aw Cu an jWdn òjWn XpScpp
FpXsbmWv. Nne anjWdn kwL ayIme Itmen
sNbv XXpt]mse lnpsf A[nt]npXv XpScpIbmWv .
\cIhmk òjWnbpw, im]hNpIfpw Hs Ah CXn\mbn
D]tbmKnpp. AXpsImv temIsamSpw aX kulrZamsWpw
av aX lnpaXs _lpam\npIbpw lnptfmsSmw
kulrZn Pohnm B{KlnpIbpw sNpp Fsmpw
Zbhmbn sXncnp t]mIcpXv.
hmkvXhn Atacn ]mT]pkvXIfn ]TnnpXv
lnpaXw Hcp aXta AsmWv . ImcWw lnp Hscm
ssZhntem Hscm hnip {Kntem A hnizknpXv!
lnpaXn\v aphsc amnsbSpm Xp\nbp Hcp anjWdn
kwhn[m\an ! AXpsImv tIhew aXw amsb Cu anjWdn
_nkn\ns\bmWv \mw tNmZyw sNtXv. Cu hnjbn \
211 tUhnUv {^men
Xopw \njvfcmhmXncnpI!
aXwams t{]mmlnnpI F H eytmSpIqSn
Xs kmaqly { ]h\fpw PohImcpWyImcpWy
{]h\fpw \SsSppv. kaqls Dcnepw, Poh
ImcpWy{]h\fpw hfsc \ImcyfmsWXn Bpw
kwiban. Fm Ahsb aXw amn \nv amn \nWw.
\n v Hcp cmPys DbpItbm kmn Iambn
klmbnpItbm sNWsav tXmpsn Zbhmbn As\
sNpI. Fm aXs AXntev sImphcmXncnpI. \n
Fm Zn n epw tbiphn s Nn {X {]Zin n ptm
aXwamamWv \nfpsS {]hrnIv ]nnep Dtiw FXv
hyamWv.
aXw amn eqsS temIn se Hcp cmPyhpw
kmnIm`nhrn ssIhcnnn Fv \nv ImWm Ignbpw.
Pm Hcp henb kmnI inbmbn XoXpw , Atacn
h kmnI aptw \SnbXpw AhbpsS kmnI
\bfneqsSbmWv. AmsX aXw amneqsSb. temInse
Ghpw Zcn{Zamb cmPyfn NneXv {Inkv Xy cmPyfmWv .
Gjybnse Ghpw ]gbXpw ItmenX DXpamb {InkvXy
cmPyw ^nensskmWv . Gjybnse Ghpw Zmcn{ZyapXpw
Dhcpw Cmhcpw Xnep Acw Ghpw IqSpXepXpamb
cmPyfn Hmbn AXv XpScpp.
temInse Ghpw kanXcmb Itmen DXv ay
Atacn bn epw Zn W Atacn bn epamWv . Xobmbpw
Acmsc hSt Atacnbntem, bqtdmntem ImWm
Ignbn. AhnSfn IrkvXym\nI IqSpXepw t]cn am{XamWv
{Inkv XobX ]pepXv . Ahv iamb hnizmkan.
tad ayZnW Atacn tZifn henb tXmXn
kmaqly AkaXzfpw, Dhcpw Cmhcpw Xnep
Acfpw \ne\npp. Fm XfpsS kmnI \ne
sasSppXn\v ]mhtfmSv ap aXfntev amdWsav
AhnSfnse Itmen ]dbpn.
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 212
AXpsImv aXns klmbtmsS ChnSps ]mhsf
Dcnpw F an lnp kaqln\p t\sc \Sp
B{IaW aXwamw F Hscm eyw am{Xw hpsImv
\SpXmWv . ASpXv Bip]{Xn I, A\mYmeb,
kvIqfpI FnhbmWv. aphsc \nkzmambn tkhnpXv
hfsc almb ImcyamWv. Fm Fn\mWv aX]camb Hcp
_mlycq]w Chn sS kz oIcn pXv ? Ahn sSsbmw
tbip{InkvXphns Nn{X {]Zinnptm, {]tXyInpw Hcp
cmbncw hjs Xo{h aXwam Ncn{Xaph AXpsNptm
AXv aXw ams Dtin Fv Fs\bmWv aph
hnizknpI ? AXv ipamb \nkzm tkh\hpw ssZh
kvt\lhpamsWv Fs\ IcpXpw ?
\mw bYmYn ssZhs kvt\lnpsn, \psS
klPohn Ifmb a\pjysc kv t\ln psn , AhcpsS
aXhnizmkw Fsv t\mmsX \mw Ahsc kvt\lnppmhpw.
\mw AhcpsS aXtbpw kv t\lnpw. Ah BZnhmknItfm,
ln ptfm, skmcm{tcm, apotfm, {In kv Xym\n Itfm
Bcpambnsms \mw AhcpsS aXsbpw _lpam\npw.
Ahsc aXw atXns Bhiyw \ap\p`hsSpIbn.
bYmYn AhcpsS aXtasXXns\pdnv \mw t_m[hmam
t]mepambn cn n . bYmYn ep ssZh kv t\lw
aX]cnh\s
B{ Kln pIbn . AXv \matfbpw, cq]tfbpw,
{]tXyIXItfbpw Hpw thXncnp ImWpIbn. Fmnepap
Zn hyXbpsS kmn ys Xn cn dn p sImmWv AXv
\ne\npI.
`mcXnse Ghpw alm\mb k\ymknamcn Hcmfmbncp
kzman cmaXoY Atacnbn htm aXspdnp
Atlns hoWw Bcmbsp. AXn\tlw ]d adp]Sn
"\mw Hcp aXntdbpw kz, adnv aXsfmw \ptSXmWv".
a\pjy Hcp ]n bpsSbpw kz . \mw amscn eptam
assneptam kzamn hncnp Hcp hkvXph. Bmhns\
213 tUhnUv {^men
cntXn. AXv \psS k\mX\hpw, A\izchpamb
kzXzamWv . \mw \n Xsbp ZnhyXzs Xncndntb
Bhiytabpq.
Hcp a\pjytbpw {]IrXnsb amm ampw Ignbn.
HmtcmcpcpsSbpw hyn Xz tbpw, kz [tbpw
am\npXnemWv lnpaXns ASnd. \apv A\h[n
amKfpw aXfpw DmhmsX Xcan. am\h cminmIam\ambn
Hscm aXw am{Xw aXn FXv a\pjysmhpambn Hscm
Xcw hkv { Xw aXn Fp ]dbpXp t]msebmWv . AXv
a\pjscmhcpw HtcXcw Blmcw Ign m aXn sbtm,
Fmhpw HtcXcw sXmgn aXn sbtm ]dbpXp
t]msebmWXv. aXns Imcynepw sshhnyhpw, karnbpw,
kzmX{yhpw BhiyamWv.
\n`mKyhim Fm aXpw Htc eya DXv .
aXv hyXyamb eyfpv. aX \nch[n ]mXI
t]msebmWv. \mw ChnsS Hmnt Hcp hkvXpX Fm aXfpw
Cuizc kn A[njv TnXa FXmWv . _paXhpw
ssP\aXhpw t]msebp \ncoizc aXfpw ChnsSbpv. Ah
{kmhmb Hcp Cuizc\n hnizknpn. thsd Nne aXfn
At\Iw tZhXIfpv. GIssZh hnizmkw am{Xa temInep
Htcsbmcp aXLS\ Fpam{Xa AXmWv Ghpw \Xv Fpw
]dbm\mhn.
Fm Xcn epap aXmcm[\m k{ Zmbv
AhbptSXmb m\apv . AXv _lpssZhmcm[\bmIs,
GIssZh hn iz mkamIs, GImkv Xn Xz hn iz mkamIs
Ahsbsbmw lnpaXw am\npp. \ncoizc hnizmknIp
t]mepw ln paXn m\apv . HcpIqv aXs
AwKoIcnm Ignbpnsn AhXns\ Xnfbm\pw
D kzmX{yw DmhWw. lnpaX k{Zmbw km[\bn
A[njvTnXamWv. B kmmXvmcs eyw hpsImp
Aym km[\bnemWv AXv hnizknpXv. Hpan s{sIkvXh
k{ Zmbfpw, DZmlcWn \v t{ ]msSdv k{ Zmbw
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 214
AhImisSpXv hnizmkw Hpam{Xw aXn tamN\n\v FmWv.
AXns Aw Hcm IqsmeI \Snbnp Hcp
henb sImebmfnbmsWnepw, AbmfpsS acWnSbn hv
Abm Irkv Xym\nbmhpIbmsWn Abm kzKn
t]mIpsamWv. asmcm PohnXw apgph\pw Hcp k\ymknbmbn
Ign n ph\msWn epw Abm {In kv Xym\n bmbn aXw
amdpnsn Abmv kzKw \njnamWv FmWv. CubSp
Imev Atacnbn sImepn\v inns Hcp kv{Xo
{ In kv Xym\n Bbn aXw amdpIbpmbn . { In kv Xy aX
auen IhmZn I hmZn Xv Ah Hcp { In kv Xym\n bmbn
IgntXmSpIqSn AhcpsS ]m]w CmXmbn AXpsImv Ahsc
h[inbn \nv HgnhmWw FmWv.
AtX kv {Xo lnpaXntem atsXnepw As{sIkv Xh
aXfntem BWv tNncpsXn Cu Bm Hcnepw
Cs\ ]dbpambncpn. temIsapw \apv aXkulmhpw
]ckv]c kwhmZfpw BhiyamWv. hfsc sZu`mKyIcamb Hcp
hkv XpX, temIn ln paXspdn v hfscb[n Iw
sXnmcWIfpw Hw Zpjv{]NcWfpw \ne\npp FXmWv.
DZmlcWn\v Ign hjw \yqtbmv ssSwkn Aa\mYv
XoYmS\spdnv Hcp dntmv Dmbncpp. Fs\bmWv
\yqtbmv ssSwkv AXns\ hnhcnsXtm ?
" kwlmc aqn bmb in hs ssewKn Imhbhsf
Bcm[n m t]mIp ln p" FmWv . FpXcw
klnjvWpXbmWv CXv ? Fp Xcw Nn{XamWv CXneqsS Ah
hcpImm {ianpXv ? Fm CXnse apgph Iphpw
]mmXycptSX Fp ]dbm Rm B{Klnpp. CXnse Ipw
ln pfn XsbmWv . XfpsS aXn s icn bmb
kzcq]spdnv aphsc AdnbnpXn Ah hfsc
]pdInemWv . XfpsS aXns\Xntcbp Zpjv {]NcWsf
sNdppXn Ah Aew`mhhpw ImWnpp. Ah AhcpsS
aXs icnbmbn ]Tnm Xmdmhpn. AXpsImpXs
AsXmsWv aphv hnhcnp sImSpm Ahmhpn.
215 tUhnUv {^men
Ahv apaXsfnbpw icnbmbn Adnbn. AXpImcWw
ap aXsf lnpaXns ap cq] FXpt]msebmWv
Ah IWmpI.
Fm tbmKw, thZmw XpSn b Cu kamb
k{Zmb ap aXfn \n ImWn. {]tXyInpw
]Sn mdp aX]cn ht\mpIcmb t{ ]msSdv
hnizmkn Ahsbsbmw kmms amK Fp
ap{ZIpn ]msS XnfncnpIbmWv. Nne ]dbpp Fm
aXfpw ]TnnpXv HpXsbmWv Fv . Fm Rm
]dbs lnpaXw I\nbahpw, ]p\Pahpw ]Tnnpp.
{Inkv XpaXhpw Cmapw AXwKoIcnpn. ap Nne
]dbpXv Fm aXfpw ]TnnpXv HtcImcyfmWv ,
hyXymkapXv Nne A{][m\ hkv XpXIfn am{XamWv Fv .
I\nbahpw ]p\Pahpw A{][m\ ImcyfmtWm ?
Xobmbpw kXyw, Alnwk, imn, kackX XpSnb
kmheuInIamb [mnI aqey hneaXnsSpI Xs
thWw. aXtaXmbmepw Ccw aqey a\pjymIam\w
hnesXmbncnWw. bYmYn Ah apgph {]IrXnpw
thn hneaXnsSWw. {InkvXpaXn Rm ImWp Hcp
{][m\ \yq\X, arKv Bmhn F {Inkv Xym\nIfpsS
hnizmkamWv . an Irkv Xym\nIfpw hnizknpXv a\pjy\p
am{Xta tamw t\Sm Ignbq FmWv.
Cu `qan tbbpw Chn Sps ]cn n Xn tbbpw \mw
\innpXns Hcp {][m\ ImcWw {]IrXnbnepw arKfnepw,
apgph {]]nepw D Bmhns AYhm t_m[ns
kmnys \mw ImWpn FXmWv . \mw \psS a\pjy
tI{ oIrXamb CSpn b hmk\Iv Apdtv
IStXpv . bYm aXw Hcp { ]tXyI t]cn t\tbm,
cq]ttbm, hn`mKttbm Npnnbp H. AXv Bpw
DSaX AhImisSm BIm kmheuInIhpw, k\mX\hpw
Bb Hcp kXys IpdnpXmWv . kXyw, t_m[w, Xncndnhv
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 216
FnhbmWv AXnse {][m\ XXz.
lnpaXns BXynI eyw B kmmXvmcamWv.
tIhew ssZhs Adnbe AXv . adnv \mw BcmsWv
Xncndnbepw \nse Znhykmnys A\p`hnepamWXv .
a\pjycminbpsS Hcp {][m\ {]iv\w \apv \tfbpw \psS
{]tNmZ\tfbpw a\nemIpn FXmWv . \snbpw
aphscnbpw a\nempXn\v apt ]e aphn[nIfptSbpw,
hn iz mkfptSbpw ASn m\n \mw aphscbpw
\stmse Xs Nnnm\pw {]hnm\pw t{]cnnpIbmWv
sNpXv.
\ NI \Ss. imkv {XspdnpXpt]mse
aXspdnpw XpdXpw, kulrZ]qWhpw AtXkabw
hnai\mIhpamb Bib hn\nab \Ss. Fm Cu
anjWdn IhSs \mw Xpdp ImWnpI Xs thWw. anjWdn
{]h\w klnjvWpXm]camsW sXnmcW \apv \omw.
anjWdn {]h\w aXkzmXyhpambn _s H. AXv
aphbv ptaep Hcp aXn s tatmbv abv v
thnbpXmWv . AXn\v atXXcXzhpambn _an. anj\dn
IhSm Htc Hcp aXs am{Xta kXyambn AwKoIcnppq.
AXv aXm[n]Xyw eyamnbp aXbpamWv.
CXns\ t\cntSXv A{IaneqsSb. AklnjvWpXbn
IqSnbpa. adnv Imcy icnbmbn {KlnpsImmWv. Xpd
a\n Xn tbmsS kulmZ ]qWambn aphtcmSv
kwhZnpsImmWv . AXneqsS Ah lnpfpsS hoWw
a\n empw. AXv ln paXspdn p Fm
hfsmSnepItfbpw sXnmcWIsfbpw \om klmbnpw.
\msamhcpw Htcsbmcp Znhymmhv XsbmWv. \msamhcpw Htc
a\pjy {]IrXnsbbmWv ]phbvpXv. Fm a\pjycnepw Cu
GIXzs Zinptm am{Xta imn \ne\npIbpq.
AtXkabw Cu kwkv Imctbpw kaqltbpw
hnLSnnm {ianpsImncnp temInse hnhn[
217 tUhnUv {^men
inIsfpdnv \mw Xopw Acmbncnm\pw ]mSn. CUy
AXns [s shSnnv Hcp {InkvXy Asn CmanI
cmPyamIpsWn AsXmcp henb \ambncnpsav Rm
hnizknpp. \apv temIn Cu cp k{Zmbfpw
Bhiyn \pv . `mcXn \v AXn tXmb Bymn I
k{Zmbfpv. Ah temIn\v Bhiyapp Xm\pw. Fn\mWv
]mmXy ChntSv hcpXv ? Ah ChnsS hcpXv BymnI
m\ns Cu kp tXSnbmWv. bYmYn \ \psS
aXw aptZifntev IbpaXn sNWw. CXmWv \apv btYw
ChnsSbpXv. CdpaXn sNm\mIs IqSpX {][m\amb thsd
]eXpapv.
kwhmZw XpScpp
BNv _n jv Acpfbpambp Fs NIv
sXmp]nmse 1999 \hw_dn t]mv tPmt]m `mcXw
kinpIbpmbn. Rm Cu ]pkv XIw FgpXn Xocp
kabambncpp AXv . "Fm aXfpw XpeyamWv . {Inkv XpaXw
am{Xa kXyntep Htcsbmcp hgn" Fn{]Imcw Hcp
{ ]kv Xmh\ \SWsav t]mn t\mSv hn Fv ]n bpsS
Xeh\mbncp {io AtimIv knwKepw av lnp t\Xmfpw
A`yYnp. _ew {]tbmKnpw òjWnsSpnbpw sNbv X
aX]cnh\fpsS t]cn am]Ww sNWsapw hnFv]n
t]mnt\mSv BhiysSpIbpmbn.
Fm 'bpssWUv {InkvXy t^mdw t^m lyqa ssdvkv'
s Ay\pw, t]mns CUybnse hmhpamb Bv
_n jv Ae tU emn Iv Cu cmhiyfpw
\ncknpIbmWpbXv . aXwamw hnizmk kzmX{yns
`mKamsWmbncpp Atlns hmZw. Atlw lnpaXw
t]msebp apaXfpw \XmsW an Hcp {]kv Xmh\
]pdsSphnpItbm, Bv _njv Acpf sNbvXXp t]mse aXw
ams tNmZyw sNm XmdmhpItbm Dmbn. IgnIme
sImcpXmbv aIsf AwKoIcntem {Inkv XpaXns IpI
at\m`mhspdnp lnpfpsS BiIfpsS Imcyn
Fsnepw ]cnKW\tbm Atlns `mKp\npmbn. Cu
{Inkv Xy t^mdw t^m lyqa ssdv kv icnpw {Inkv XpaX
{]NcWn\v am{Xambp Hcp kwLS\bmWv FXv hyamWv.
{InkvXy A\pIqe am[yafpsS Ftbpw \ne]mSn\v
tN hn[w, knwKmfns\ Hcp Xo{hlnp Fp hnfnm\mWv Ah
Xp\nXv. AXmIs t]mns\ tNmZyw sNbvXp F t]cnepw.
Fm t\mq knwKmfns {]kv Xmh\ \psS _lpaX
kwkvImcsbmWv DbnnSnXv. AXn lnpaXstmse
av aXtfbpw AwKoIcn p Hcp hiapv . Fm
{InkvXpaXn\p XpeyamWv av aXfpw Fv AwKoIcnm
XmdmhmXncpXv icnpw AklnjvWpX bmbncpnpw AXns
t]cn t]mv hnainsn! GXmv AtXkabw Xs
Atacn Khsadv temInse aX kzmX{yspdnv
Hcp ]{Xw {]knoIcnp. tdms_Sv F kon Bbncpp AXv
XmdmnbXv .
av kwkv ImcfptSbpw aXfptSbpw hn Imcsf
Dsmm X ]mIX h Hcp \bX{Rv P\mbncpn
kon. ]Xns\mp hjw temInse Ghpw IqSpX
[\mKaamKap kzImcy kmaqly tkh\ kwLS\bmb thUv
hnjs Xeh\mbncpp Atlw. AXmIs \nch[n anjWdn
{ ]h\fpambn _ap { In kv Xy tkh\
kwLS\bmbncpp.
Ing _m]v nv XntbmfPn skan\mcnbpsS ap
{]knUdv IqSnbmbncpp kon. Atlw Hcp _m]v nv
{InkvXy anjWdnbmbncpp. Gns DchmZnXzn\v
tNXmbncpn Ccw ]meap Hcp hyn. CXv Hcp
Itmenm ]ptcmlnXs\ GnpXn\v Xpeyambncpp. AXv
\bX{ \otmfpw \b]camb kao]\tmfpw Hcp
Atacn aX Nmbz v BWv { ]Xn ên n Xv .
aXkz mX{ yspdn p Atln s B dn tmv
{ In kv Xym\n I t\cn Sp shphn fn Isf FSpp
ImWnpXmbncpp. Fm {InkvXym\nI aphcpsS ta
219 tUhnUv {^men
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 220
\Sp ASnaepIsf ]mtS hnkvacnpIbpw sNbvXp.
apaXsf Xmgvnsm\pw Ahsc aXw amm\pw Xv
Ahkcsamcpp aXkzmX{ynte Ccw {]apJ {InkvXy
kwLS\Ismw XmXv ]cyapq. an jWdn amcpsS
sImcpXmbv aIfpsS Ncn{Xs sNmn am]Ww sNmt\m
Fn\v As\sbmns\ AwKoIcnmt\m t]mepw Ah
Hcpa. Ahsc tNmZyw sNbv Xmtem ? \n av aXfpsS
\asb AwKoIcnp HcmfmsWn t]mepw \nsf Hcp
AklnjvWphmn Nn{XoIcnpIbpw sNpw!
AtXkabw Atacnbnse sX _m]vnpI lnpaXw
sNIpm `cnp AImcns aXamsWv {]kvXmh\
CdpIbpw AsXgpXnb BbncWn\v {]mY\m ]pkvXI
hnXcWw sNpIbpw sNbvXp. CXv sNbvX sX _m]vnpI
Adn bsSm Hcp sNdp kwLsampa adn v ]Xn \v
Zietmfw A\pbmbnIfp Atacnbnse Ghpw henb
t{]msSdv hn`mKamWv FtmWw. {]knUdv nd, sshkv
{]knUdv tKm, Aw_mkU kon Fnhscmw Cu
hn `mKn se AwKfmWv . Ahcn semcmfpt]mepw Cu
hoWssmn Ahsc hn ain m Xmdmbn .
lnpaXnse AImcw \opXn\pw AXnse At\Iw
hn { Klv ]Icw { In kv Xphn s { ]Imiw AXn
hym]n n pXn \pambn { ]mYn phm\mWv Ah Fm
{InkvXym\nItfmSpw Blzm\w sNbvXXv.
bmYmn Xn I { In kv XpaXn \v ]pdv \n KqV
imkv{Xsfbpw av BymnI k{Zmbsfbpw Ipdnsms
]T\w \Sp \yq GPv Atacn kv t]msebp
kwLS\IsXnscbpw Ccw {KqpI CtX Btcm]W
Dbnmdpv. Ahcntmgpw Atacn kvIqfpIfn ]cnWma
knmw ]TnnpXv \ndpemnm {ianpp. Nne
ay]Sn md kv tpIfn Cmcyn Nn e
aptfpmm Ahv Ignnpapv . Atacn
{ In kv Xym\n I atXXcXz hn iz mkn Ifpw ]ptcmKa\m
221 tUhnUv {^men
ibmcpamsWXn\v CXncw sXfnshv thWw ? temInse
Ghpw ]ntmamb Nne aXkwL Csmgpw \ne\np
\mSmWv Atacn FXmWv bmYmYyw.
B[p\nI temIn hwihntZzj]camb ]cmai
\SpXv Ctm AwKoIcnsSpn. ImcWw AXv i{XpXbpw
kwL\fpw Wnphcppw. Fm AtX kabw AtXXcw
AklnjvWpXbn \npmIp aXhntZzj]camb ]cmai
lnppt\sc Ctmgpw \ntem`w sNmcnp sImncnpp.
Atacnbn Hcp Idp hwiPs\ \ot{Km Fp hnfnpXv
sXmbn cn ptm, Hcp ln phn s\ hn {Klmcm[Is\pw
sNIpm tkhmcs\pw hnfnm Ignbpw. Rm tNmZns
Hcmfns hwis tamiamn ]dbpXmtWm AtXm AbmfpsS
aXtbpw kwkvImctbpw A[nt]npXmtWm IqSpX
tamiw ? shmcptSXm aX]mccysf AhaXnpXpw
Acw hwiob hntZzjs XsbmWv ImWnpXv.
sdUn^v A`napJw
1. tPm t]m cmas ki\spdnp XmfpsS
A`n{]mbsamWv ? Itmen ]nbpsS aXtaey F
\nebnepw, hnms `cWm[nImcn F \nebnepw D
Atlns NpaXeI Hcpanp tNcmdptm, XmfpsS
hoWn Atlw CXn GXv tdmfnemWv CUybn
ki\w \SpXv ?
Gjysb aXhcnm\ptinp ]pXnb ]XnIv
XpSan SpXn \mbp ChWs Cu ki\n \v
ssN\bpw, ssXhm\pw, {ioebpw A\paXn \ntj[npIbmWv
sNbv XXv . Hcp {Inkv Xy cmPyam CUy, lnp`qcn]
cmPyamb CUy Atls AXn\\phZnpIbmWv sNbvXXv.
AXpsImv CUybnse aX klnjvWpfmb P\tfmSv t]mn\v
IrXXbmWv tXmtXv. lnpaXntev aXw amm\p
{]h\fpambn sNp Hcp lnp aXt\Xmhn\v Xobmbpw
Hscm ]mmXy cmPyhpw HuZtymKnI kzoIcWw \IpIbn Xs.
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 222
t]mns\ Hcp cm{eh F \nebn AwKoIcnp
Npcpw cmPyfpsS Iqn HmWv CUy. Atacnbpw
Hpan ]mmXy cmPyfpw t]mns\ Hcp aXta[mhnbmbn am{Xta
AwKoIcnppq. Xobmbpw t]mv CUybntev hcpXv
Hcp atXXc cm{ n s Xeh\mbn adn v Hcp aX
taey\mbnmWv. Atlw sUlnbn Hcp hym]mc Nbne
]sSppXv adnv Hcp aXktf\nemWv. Itmen ]nv
hfsc ImegapXpw kzbw {]Jym]nXhpamb Hcp aXhcW
\bw Xsbpv. GjybpsS aXw ams eyamnbp Hcp
{]tXyI Gjy knt\mUpw Ahpv . t]mv CUybntev
hcpXv Itmen aXns {]NcWn\pw lnpfpsS aXw
amn\v t{]mml\w \IpXn\pamWv.
Cusbmcp kmlNcyn kz`mhnIambpw Atlw hfsc
kulrZ]qhamIpw hcpI. Fm Atlns hchn\p ]nn
hyamb Hcp KqV eyhpapv . Atlw ChnsS hcpXv
ChnSs almmfmb tbmKnItfbpw Ejnamtcbpw kinv
_lpam\nmt\m ChnSps almt{Xtfm XoYtfm
kinmt\m Hpa.
Cv Itmen ]nv ]mmXy temIs kz[o\w
\spsImncnpIbmWv . _lp`qcn]w Itmencpw
AhcpsS hnizmkfn \ma am{XambnmWv \nesImpXv .
DZmlcWn\v _lp`qcn]w Atacn Itmencpw P\\
\nb{Ww \SmphcmWv. AXv ]n AwKoIcnnnmXmWv.
Ah IrXyambn ]nIfn ]sSpmdpan. kamb ]mmXy
cmPyfn \nv ]nv Ctmgpw \tXmXn [\kamlcWw
sNm Ignbppv. Fm AsXmcp XfpsImncnp
m]\amWv . sImgn p sImn cn p AwK_ew
]cnlcnmnStmfw Ah KpcpXcamb {]XnkntbbmWv
t\cnSpXv . CUy ChnsSbmWv {]kamhpXv . aX]camb
`nhnizmkfpsSbpw, k\y PohnXnsdbpw \o
Ncn{Xap hensbmcp P\Xbmb CUybv mWv Hcp ]t
Cmcyn ]nsb Ghpw \mbn klmbnm\mhpI. ChnsS
223 tUhnUv {^men
\npw Aamcpw I\ymkv {XoIfpw Bhm Xmdphsc
Cwt]mse Ism _pnapn.
2. `mcXn \Snbnp \n_nX aX]cnh\fpsS
t]cn am]Ww sNtXv { ][m\amsWv \n
IcpXpsXp sImmWv ?
{InkvXy ]nbpsS Atacnbntebpw B{^nbntebpw
Gjybntebpw c]neamb Ncn{Xw Hcp Xpd ]pkvXIamWv.
Cv ]cs Adn bsSpXpamWXv . Atacn bn Rm
Pohnp es Xtiob {InkvXym\nIfpsS ssIn \npw
Ahc\p`hn ]oU\fpsS IYI Csmgpw FtmSp ]dbmdpv.
]nbntev \Sm hnkXnhcpsS ImepI shnfXpw,
{]mY\I DcphnSmhcpsS \mpI ]ngpsXSpXntbpw
òIcm\p`h. ]n ChImisSpXv AhcpsS
Aklnjv WpX Hcp ]gY am{XamsWmWv . Fm \mkn
Pa\n bn epw ^mkn v Cen bn epw Hcp { ]apJ kz m[o\
inbmbncpp {Inkv Xy ]n. Ahtcmcnepw lnv esdtbm
aptmfn\ntbtbm FXnn FXv hnkvacnsSmhpX.
ChnSs {][m\Imcyw, BmYamb Hcp am]Wns
A`mhn Ccw {IqcIrXyv ImcWamb at\m`mh
{Inkv Xym\nI Dt]np Fv Fs\bmWv aphv
hn iz kn m Ign bpI FXmWv . _mlyamb A{ Iaw
sNpnsn t]mepw Ccw aXwam at\m`mhw Ahcpw
hbvp kaqlsf {hWsSppXmWv. XfpsS ss]XrI
hnizmkpw BNmcpw FXnsc P\sf Xncnp
hnpsImv H\h[n lnp kapZmbtfbpw IpSpw_tfbpw
]n apdnsSpnbnpv.
Xtiobcmb Atacn msXn tcbpw Idp
hKmcmb B{ ^n msXn tcbpw \Sn bn p
ASn aepIfpsS t]cn { In kv Xym\n I Nn e
am]Wsfms \Snbnpv . Fn ]ns FpsImv
lnptfbpw Acn ]cnKWnp IqSm ? Fm Ahcpw
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 224
a\pjyct ?
3. Ncn { Xn epw Csmepw Bcpw DchmZn Xz w
GsSpmXpw am]Ww sNmXpsamsbmb
Ccnep ]e kw`hfpw Dtm. Cs kmlNcyn
Ahsb ]p\cpohnnpXv \XmtWm ? AXpsImv Fp
{]tbmP\apmhm\mWv ?
Chn sS { ][m\ { ]iv \w Ign Imefn Acw
B{Iav ImcWamb AtX at\m`mhfpw s]cpamfpw
Csmgpw AtX]Sn XpScpp FXmWv . Cpw Itmenm
]nbpsS HuZtymKnI \bw lnp, _p, ssP\, knJv XpSnb
`mcXob aX kXy aXf FXmWv . CXv ]ckv ]cap
Ahnizmktbpw [mcWniInt\bpw t{]mmlnnpIbpw
C\nbpw A{Iav ImcWamIpIbpw sNpw.
Hcn XfpsS tatmbv a Ddn m thn
shmcmb bqtdm]ym \ymboIcn n cp XfpsS
hwialnasbmpw Cv Bcpw AwKoIcnpn. Fm
aXalnasb ]nbp AhImihmZw AXmbXv {Inkv XpaXw
am{XamWv kXyaXsapw aphsbmw hymPsapap hmZw
Ctmgpw XpScpp. hwialn a t]mseXs aXaln a
AhImisSpXpw ]nncn\pw aphn[n \ndXpamWv.
4. lnpfpsS t\sc {Inkv Xym\nI \Snb AXn{Iafn
GXnsemsbmWv t]mv am]Ww \SWsav Xm
BhiysSpXv ? AhbntesXnepw NneXv t]scSpv ]dbmtam
?
tKmh Cznknj BWv Hcp]t Ahbn Ghpw
\oNambXv . Zimtfmfw \op\n B ss]imNnIXbn
BbncWn\v lnp ]oUnnsSpIbpw, sImsSpIbpw,
\qdpWn\v t{X \innsSpIbpw sNbvXp. Xtiob
Atacnsc hwilXy sNbvX AtX kaqlamWv CXpw sNbvXXv.
Fm ]n bpsS Fmetbpw \n e]mSv ln paXw
tamiamsWpw lnp aXwamdmsX Ah c Alnpn
225 tUhnUv {^men
FXpambn cpp. CXv hen b ]oU\v hfw hv
sImSppIbmbncpp.
Fsmsbmbmepw \n Fs aXn tNcm ]w
Fstpambn \nXy\cIn ]Xnpw Fv Rm Xopw
hnizknppsn \nsf 'cnm' thn Rm GXw
hscbpw t]mIWw. Cu hnizmkw hfsc Ffpn sImSnb
]oU\fntev \bnpp.
5. {InkvXym\nIsXnsc s]sns\ {]XnIcnm FmWv
ImcWw ?
Cu tIm]w A{X s]spmbsXmpa. Cntm
IpsdqsS Imcysfpdnv Xncndnhp Hcp lnp kaqlhpw
Ccw {]i\sfpdnv N sNm IqSpX henb amya
temIhpapv . ASnas Fm aX kmaqly hn`mKfpw
Ccn AhcpsS {]Xntj[w Adnbnppv.
lnp XtfmSv {]Xonp t]mse s]cpamdpn
FpImWptm { In kv Xym\n I hfsc s]sv Xs
{]Xntj[npp. kmam\yambn XfmWv Ghpw IqSpX
Ahtlf\n\v hnt[bambnpsXnepw lnp hfsc Ipdv
am{Xta {]Xntj[nppq. Ccnep Hcp lnp DWhv
Hgnhmm\mhmXmbncpp. icnp tNmZyw FpsImmWv
CXv C{Xbpw sshInbXv FXmWv. asmcp Imcyw lnpaXntev
]p\x]cnh\w sNp {]{Inb XpSnbnpv FXmWv .
{InkvXym\nI CXv Hcp òjWnbmbn ImWpp. AhcXv {]tXyIw
NqnmWnpIbpw sNpp.
Ghpw henb {]iv\w CUybn hfp sImncnp
{Inkv Xy aXwam {]h\fmWv . cmPysapw t\mq.
{ ]tXyIn v Zn tWybn . Ahscmbn Spw hym]n p
IgnncnpXmbn \nv ImWm Ignbpw.
6. FpsImmWv Ah lnpfpsS In apop ]Icw
shdpsSphcmbn XoXv ? tkmWnbKmn Hcp {InkvXy
BWv FXmWv hnFv]n bpsS {]NcWv Bw IqnbXv
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 226
Fp ]dm AsX{Xtmfw icnbmWv ?
ln p { In kv Xym\n Isf shdppp Fp Rm
IcpXpn. Ah {InkvXym\nIsf aXw amnsbSpm\mbn Dw
hbvpItbm sNIpm tkhIscp hnfnpItbm sNpn.
Fm _n ndWpw A tKmdpw AwKfmb ktX
_mnpI F Atacnbnse Ghpw henb t{]msSdv
hn`mKw {Inkv Xym\nI lnpsf hnfnpXv As\bmWv .
{InkvXym\nIfpsS a\n Xsfpdnv shdppw Ahnizmkhpw
hfcpXn \v ImcWamb aphn [n IsfbmWv ln p
tNmZywsNpXv. Hp hfsc lnpfpsS hoSpIfn \nv
{Inkv Xphns Hcp Nn{Xw ImWm Igntpw. Fm Hcp
{Inkv Xym\nbpsS honepw \nv {ioIrjv Ws Hcp Nn{Xw
ImWm Ignbn.
ln p apotfbpw shdppn . ln p
hn {Klmcm[Icpw, _lpssZh hn iz mkn Ifpw Im^n dpIfpw
BsWpw Ah Amlphn s Zrn bn Xpebm
hn[nshcmsWXpamWv apofpsS s]mXphmb ImgvNmSv.
lnpv aposfpdnv As\bp Hcp knmfpan.
Xsf aXw ampXn\mbn \qmpItfmfambn Cpw XpSp
hcp { iasXn tcbp Hcp Xn cn Sn am{ XamWv
IrkvXym\nItfmSpw apotfmSpap lnpfpsS A{]nbw.
tkmWnbKmn cm{obw hnmepw hnFv]nbpsS {]NcWw
\n epw Fp Rm IcpXpn . tkmWn bmKmn
{InkvXym\nbmWv FXv lnpv Hcp {]iv\ambn tXmpXv
{InkvXym\nIfpsS aXwam {ia ImcWamWv. Atacnbnse
lnp hfsc kPohambn {Inkv Xym\nIsf aXw amm
{ianpsImncnp Hcp thfbn AhnSps Hcp {][m\ cm{ob
]mn bpsS Xev Hcp ln p hcn IIqSn sNbv Xm
Fns\bncnpw ? `qcn]w Atacnmpw AXv ktmjw
]IcpIbn FXv hyamWv. AtX ChntSbpw kw`hnnpq.
GjybpsS aXwam ]Xn Xs Fn \mWv ?
kwkvImcnsdbpw `mjbpsSbpw Hs Imcyn _lpXzs
227 tUhnUv {^men
AwKoIcnp Hcp temI hyhbn Pohnp \mw aXfnse
_lpXztbpw AwKoIcnm _m[yct ? Gjybnse
aX alXzaphbt ? Ah temIn\v Hcp apXqt ?
FpsImmWv ]mmXy CUybntev hcpXv ? XfpsS
]mmXy {Inkv Xy ]men \nv ]Tnm Ignbm
BymnI ]mT ]TnpXn\mbnt {][m\ambpw Ah
hcpXv ?
CUybpsS P\kwJybn shdpw aqp iXam\n Xmsg
am{XamWv IrkvXym\nIfmbnpXv ]nsn\v \mahsc `bsSWw
FmWv av Nne hmZnpXv. Fm CUybpsS hSv Ing
kwm\ t]mse {Inkv XpaXn\p Iogn hp Ign
{]tZi, {ItaW cmPyns av `mKtfmSp _w
IpdpIbpw hnLS\ hmZntev t]mIpIbpw sNpXmbnmWv
ImWpXv . `mhnbn \mSIobamb tXmXn Xs ChnSs
aXwam tXmXv Dbcm\p kmyXbpw Xnfbm Ignbn.
Hcm \nfpsS t\sc Hcp shSnbpXnXv tZlpsImn
FXv AXns\ Kuchambn FSpmXncnm\p ImcWa.
{]tXyInpw Abm IpsdqSn \smcp tXmn Xnc \ndp
sImn cn pI IqSn bmsWn . Cu aXwam ]cn ]mSn
XpSnbXpXs hfsc tamisaXmWv ChnSs apJyhnjbw.
7. Hcp ap Itmen F \nev t]mns ki\s
\n kwibnm ImcWsav ? t]mv tPm t]m cma\n
kwibmkv]Zambn FmWv \n ImWpXv ?
`qcn]w Itmenpw lnpaXtmSv A{Xhenb
_lpam\sampan F Imcyw Hcp ap Itmens\ \nebn
F\nv \mbn Xs Adnbmw. Xtiob Atacnsc aXw amn
\cIn \n v cn pXn \mWv Fs Amh
an jWdn bmbXv . ln ptfbpw AtX KWn emWv
s]SpnbncnpXv. Ctmgs t]mv temIsapw {InkvXob
hcWn \v Bw sImSpp Adn bsSp Hcp
bmYmnXnI\mWv. Fm Atlw Xs {]hrnIsf kmaqly
kzmX{yns aqSp]Sw AWnbnncnpp.
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 228
Cv {InkvXpaXstmse Xs _lpam\nstS Hcp
BymnI aXamWv lnpaXw Fp ]dbp Hscm {]apJ
Itmen t\Xmhnt\bpw ]mmXy tZifn ImWm\mhn.
lnp CUysb Itmen hnizmkntev aXw ampXn
Ahscm\pw hnPbnpIbmsWn CUybpsS thZm]chpw
tbmK]chpamb ]mccyv AdpXn hcppw. AXv
a\pjycminmIam\w D \hpambncnpw. temIn Cw
t]mse {InkvXy cmPyfpv. Fm Htcsbmcp CUy am{Xta
Dq. Cu cmPyns X\nabpw alXzhpw {Inkv XpaXn
\npmbX Xm\pw.
Itmen hnizmkn\v av hnizmksf ssInSnbn
HXpn bXn s \o Ncn { Xhpapv . { In kv XpaXn s
tatmbvabvv Iogn HXpm Xmdphsb Hcp ]cn[nhsc
AwKoIcn m\pw Ah XmdmImdpv . DZmlcWn \v
Acn kv tSmn en sdbpw ttmbpsSbpw { ]mNo\ { Kov
XXzZi\sf hisSpn {Inkv Xy ssZhimkv {Xns
ASnm\amn AXns\ amn. lnp _p aXtfbpw CtX t]mse
{Inkv Xphns ktin\p aptmSnbmbn h aX F \nev
am{Xw Nn{XoIcnm Ah B{Klnpp.
Zn W CUybn { In kv Xy ]mXn cn am ln p
k\ymknamsctmse thjw [cnpIbpw AhcpsS kwLS\Isf
B{ia Fp hnfnpIbpw sNpp. AtXkabw Ah
apgpInbncnpXv aX ]cnh\nemWv . Ah Cu lnp
thjhn[m\w [cnpXv lnp ]mccytmSp _lpam\w
sImsmpa adn v B { ]tZip ln pv
{Inkv XpaXs IqSpX kzoImcyamn Xom am{XamWv .
lmw_K CsSm lnpmbn aIv sUmWmUv kv
CUybn shPntdnb _K sImSppXp t]msebmWXv.
AXpt]mse t]mv `mcXns alnasb Hs hmgv n
kwkmcn tmw. kmtlmZcyn sdbpw
a\pjymhImin sdbpw BhiyIXsbpdn pw
DZvt_m[nntmw. Fm lnp {InkvXpaXntev aXw
229 tUhnUv {^men
amtdXn Fv Xobmbpw ]dbn. CUybnse ]mhshcpsS
a\n Ibdnm thn {Inkv XpaXw klPohn kv t\lntbpw
kaXzntbpw P\m[n]Xynsdbpw aXamWv Ftlw
Nn{XoIcntmw. Fm Ncn{X]cambn t\mnbm {InkvXpaXw
cmPm[n ImctmSpw, tImfWn ssk\ytfmSpw, ^mkn v
`cWIqStfmSpw, ASn a kwhn [m\tfmSpw
ssItImncphcmsWv ImWmw.
am\hnIXsb {]Ionp Ccw s]mXp {]mh\Isf
aXkln jv WpXbpsS eWambpw ln paXn \p In n b
AwKoImcambpw Hs lnp sXncnmdpv . XfpsS
aXs hioIcnsSppXns\ lnpaXn\v t\scbp {]tXyI
XmXv]cyambn Ah sXncntpw. lnpaXw t]mIpnStmfw
icnXs, ]t AXv {InkvXphns\ kzoIcnptmtg AXns
bYm ey]qn ssIhcnpIbpq FXmWv ]pXnb
Itmenm \bw. CXv AtX aXw am \bw XsbmWv. IpsdqSn
HXptmsS sNpXv Fp am{Xw. lnpaXs sNIpms
aXw Fv Nn{XoIcnp Atacn s{]msSdvIm Ipd
]w AhcpsS hoWnsdbpw DtifptSbpw Imcyn
IqSpX kXykX ]pepp.
8. t]mv, `mcX kmcns Wns AXnYnbmWv. Atm
hn Fv ]n bpsS \ne]mSv CUybpsS atXXc {]Xnmbsb
_m[nnt ? F _n hmPv t]bnsb AXv \mWw sISpnt ?
{ ]tXyIn pw kmcn se IqpIn I ]ecpw Ccw
{]Xntj[tfmSv tbmPnmXncnptm ?
Hcnepan. Atacnbn hntZi cm{ehamcpsS
ki\ ]etmgpw {]Xntj[v hgnhbv mdpv .
CubSp Imembn ssN\okv {]knUdv ChnsS htm,
Atacn m, IqSpXepw ssN\okv hwiPcmbn ph
AXns\Xnsc {]Xntj[np. Iqn Ipsd sUtam{ImpIfpw
Dmbncpp. Acw {]Xntj[sfms P\m[n]Xyns
`mKamWv . Atacnbnse Ckv fmanI kwLS\I CtXt]mse
C{ktben {KqpIfpsS ki\n {]Xntj[npIbpmbn.
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 230
t]mns\ am{Xambn Ccw {]Xntj[fn \np Hgnhmm\mhn.
Hcp aXmy\mbmepw icn Asnepw icn Hcp hntZi t\Xmhn\p
apn XeIp\ntXn FXpw atXXc ]mccyns
`mKamWv.
9. am]Wn\p C{Xbpw iamb Bhiyw DbXn\p
tijhpw t]mv AXn\p XmdmhmXncpm hnFv]n pw av
sslh kwLS\Ipw apJw \sSp Hcp nXnhntijw
Bbncnnt AXv ?
Ctmgs t]mv Acw Hcp am]Ww \Spsav Bcpw
Xs {]Xonpn. Hcp ]t `mhnbn Hcp t]mv AXv
sNbvtXmw. Fm hkvXpXI ]pdp sImpht Xocq.
kXy ]pdphcpp FXv lnpv KpWIcamWv. hfsc
Imefmbn Xv t\scbp B{IaWfpsS Imcyn
lnp \niX ]menp hcnIbmWv . lnp atsXmcp
aXta[mhntbbpw almmhmbn IcpXn Atlns apn
XeIp\n m XmdmWv . XfpsS ]mccysf
_lpam\nmtXm, XfpsS ssZhsf AwKoIcnmtXm
Bb HcmfmsWn t]mepw. AXpsImv t]mn\v amw hcWw
FXnt\m ChnsS IqSpX {]m[m\yw lnpfn amw hcWw
FXn\mWv.
t]mv lnptfmSv am]Wn\v XmdmhpIbn ImcWw
lnpaXs Hcp bYm aXambn Atlw IWmpn.
lnpaXw F Hcp hmv t]mepw Atlw DcnpIbn. Atlw
Zohmfnsb Hcp CUy kmwkv ImcnI Dkhsat hnfnq,
lnpfpsS Hcp aXmtLmjsav hnfnn.
1 0. t]mn s ki\w sImv CUybpsS aX kmaqly
kwkv Imcfn Fv kz m[o\w DmIpsamWv Xm
IcpXpXv?
CXv temIv \Sp Imcysfpdnv lnpsf
IpsdqsS t_m[hmamcmpsamWv Rm {]XonpXv .
Itmencpw t{]msSdpIfpamb anjWdnamcpsS CUysb
231 tUhnUv {^men
aXwamm\p Ctmgs ]Xn AXn\p kmnI ]npW,
amya klmbw, {]hIcpsS Fw FnhbpsS Imcyn
Ncn{Xntepw Ghpw hepXmWv . Xopw ]pXnb Hcp
B{IaWamWv AgnphnncnpXv . ssN\bpw Hcp ]pXnb eyambn
Dbp hcppv. aXklnjvWpX FXv Hcp Hth tdmU.
ssZhspdnpw am\hnIXsbpdnpw kam[m\spdnpw
Hs F{XXs Ah ]dmepw t]mv apX Ctbw
hscbp { In kv Xym\n I ln paXtmSv _lpam\w
]pemXn cn ptm, ln ptfmSv { In kv XpaXs
_lpam\nWw Fv ]dbm \apmhn.
{Inkv XpaXw am{Xa apnp Htcsbmcp hgnsbpw
lnpaXw kzw \nebn Xs AXn\v ]cym]vXamsWpw Fp
sImv t]mn\v ]dp IqS ? klnjv WpXbptSbpw Xpd
a\ntdbpw {]IS\ambn AXv IWmsSpw. hnhn[
amKfpsS kXys AwKoIcnp lnpsf hKob
hmZn Isfpw, ap aXsf AwKoIcn m t]mn s\
amlmmshpw hn fn pXn se kmwKXysav ?
_lpamKhnizmkw FXpXs klnjv WpXbpsS sXfnhpw,
IpI at\m`mhw AklnjvWpXbpsS apJap{Zbpat ?
Itmen m aXw hn hn [ aX Bymn I ]mXIsf
AwKoIcnp Hcp _lpamKhnizmkw A. tbiphns\bmsX
Hcp IrjvWs\tbm, _pt\tbm, cmas\tbm, Kpcp \m\mns\tbm
ssZh ]p{X\mbn AwKoIcnm Hcp Ays A[oiXzn
\op kzaX ]nSnhminmcpsS Hcp kaqlamWv . t]mns
ki\w Cu hnjbsfpdnv P\sf Nnnnpsav
Binmw.
aXw amn\mbp t]mns Blzm\n\v t\scbp
Hcp lnp {]XnIcWw
Cu kw`h hnImk t]mns aXwam Blzm\n
s\Xnsc Hcp {]kvXmh\ \Sm Fs {]tNmZnnp. AXv ChnsS
sImSppp.
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 232
ChmRv sPenkns bpKw Ignpt]mbncnpp. CXv
imkv{Xnsdbpw AymnIXbpsSbpw ImeamWv. ayImeL
at\m`mhw hp ]pep Fmcnep IpIaXtfbpw
IelcWshbmbn IWmn Xnftbnbncnpp. ap
hn iz mksf A_sfpw A]cym]v Xsapw ]dv
Xnfp sImv Hcp aXns\ a\pjycminbpsS ta
sInhbvm\p {iaamWv Chmenkw.
Hcp aXw am{Xw kXyw FXv Hcp hwitam Hcp kwkvImctam
am{XamWv kXyw Fp ]dbpXn\v Xpeyw CSpnb at\m`mhamWv.
hwiobXbptSbpw sImtfmWnbenknsdbpw ImeLnse
AXn{IafptSbpw aphn[nIfpsSbpw IqsSndmWv aX]camb
IpI at\m`mhw.
hjtfmfap hwihn tZz jn sdbpw
sImtfmWnbenknsdbpw anjWdn {]h\nsdbpw
ASnaepIfn \nv Gjy P\XI XfpsS kzw
kwkv ImcfpsS hne Xncndnp Ctm DWp hp
sImncnpp. ]mmXy aX k{ZmbfnepXns\m
IqSpX Bymn IX XfpsS ]mccyfn epsv
Ahntm Adnbmw. AXpsImmWv hfscb[nIw ]mmXy
Bymn I amKZi\w tXSn CUybn tev
hpsImncnpXv.
tKmfmc hnm\ns Cu ImeLw aXw amn\mbn
eyanp \Sp ]mmXy aXpX. Ah a\pjy
cminsb hnizmknIsfpw AhnizmknIsfpw cmbn Xcw
Xncnpp. Cu bpKw Bt_m[ns BymnIX ]Tnnp
lnp _p Zi\fptSXmWv. Ah temIs Hnnv Hscm
almb IpSpw_amn ampIbmWv sNpXv.
kz man amcpw tbmKn Ifpw kmmXv cn amXn cn
ssZhspdnv ]Tnm {InkvXym\nI CUybntev htc
kabamWn Xv . Xv Adn bmXpw X
{]Xn\n[oIcnmXpamb ssZhspdnv {]kwKnpXv Ah
Ahkm\nnWw.
233 tUhnUv {^men
]nbpsSbpw hnizmk ]nSnhminIfpsSbpw AXncpIv
]pdp Fm a\pjypambp B
kmmXvmcnsdbpw Cuizc kmmXvmcnsdbpw Bb
Hcp ]pXnb bpKs R lnp kzmKXw sNpp. Fm
a\pjytcbpw, Fm kwkv Imctfbpw, Fm BymnI
{]h\tfbpw R hneaXnpp.
Cuizc Hcp ]nbpsStbm, Hcp hnizmkntdtbm
kzImcy kz. Fm krnbpsSbpw BXXzamWh.
Fmnepw \ndp\np B BXXzs aXns
hcpI t\mmsX \apv hneaXnmw.
thZ hnm\ kv
thZ {]m]nIhpw AymnIhpamb hnm\fpsS
Xmtm ssIhiw hncnpp. Ah ]ckv]c _nXamb hyn
kanIfpsS ]cn]q hnm\w \Ipp. \psS icnbmb
kz Xz w { ]m]n I kz Xz hpw, Cu { ]]w AXn s
_mlymhnjv mchpamWv . thZfpambp Fs kw
thZimkv{Xns av imJIfntepw \op sNp. {]tXyInv
BbqthZn tepw thZ TPymXn jn tepw. Fs
kw_nnStmfw AXv {]tXyI ]cmaialnp H, adnv
Pohn Xn s _mly hitbpw Bcn I hitbpw
a\n emm klmbn p thZfpsS Hcp kz m`mhn I
alnabmWnXv.
1 980 thZa{ fpsS Bgn ep ]T\s
eyanpsImv Rm thZnIv dnkv skd Bcw`np.
BbpthZnepw thZtPymXnjnepw ]mT Dsmnp
sImv 1988 Bbtmtgpw Atacn CnypSv Hm^v thZnIv
Uokv F t]cn Cu m]\w hfp. Fm Fmbvtmgpw
asmn sdbpw ASn m\hpw eyhpw in bpw
thZa{fmbncpp.
BbpthZw
Rm CUysbpap \nch[n BbpthZ hnZymebfpw,
I\nIfpw, kinpIbpw Aym]Icpambn kwhZnpIbpw
sNbv Xncpp. tUm hjv TbpsS ]cnNbnemWv CXv \SXv .
atsXmcp ]mmXy cmPytbpw tUmamsctmse AtemXn
acpns\n \mbn a\nemm Ignhp B[p\nI ]cnioe\w
e`n BbpthZ tUmamsc Rm Ip. AtXt]mse ]mccy
coXnbn am{Xw ]cnioe\w t\Snb, ss]XrIambn ssIamdnnnb
clky ssIImcyw sNp, B[p\nI sshZy imkv{Xs
]mtS Xnfbp Ipsdttcbpw ImWpIbpmbn. Nne
BbpthZ tUmam Nn In bn Bsan bpw, i
XcwKfpw, [ym\hpw Hs D]tbmKnpsImv XfpsS
kao]\n IpsdqSn BymnIamb Bgw \Ippv. ap
Nnev DuPXen Cu icocw Fs\ {]hnpp
FXns\pdnv almb Adnhpv. icnbmb `Ww, hymbmaw,
[mcW Fnhsbms {IaoIcnv BtcmKyw ssIhcnm Ah
{ianpp. Fmn\pw ]pdta, henb ssPh sshhnyhpw
ApXIcamb Imemhbpw ImcWw CUyv henb Hcp ssPh
kpv. BtcmKy kwcWn AXn\v hensbmcp ]pv.
AXv \sScpXv.
Cu {]mNo\amb BtcmKyimkv{Xw Imens {]lcsf
AXn Pohn pshpw B[p\n I Imev kz bw
Dbnsgptpp Fpw Rm Ip. a\pjycminmbn
\Im Xobmbpw BbpthZn\v almb Hcp hnm\
kpv . \psS HmtcmcpcpsSbpw hyn ]camb
{]tXyIXIfpw \mw Pohnp ]cnnXnIfpsS {]tXyIXIfpw
a\nemncpXn AXn\v hfsc klmbnm Ignbpw.
sZu`mKyhim BbpthZn\v AXns kwhn[m\tfm
k{Zmbtfm \ne\nm\mhiyamb ]npWtbm aXntm Cv
CUybn Inpn. ap thZhnm\ imJIsftmse CXpw
ImemXn hn bmb Hcp hn m\w F \n ebn
_lpam\nsSpXn\p]Icw ImelcWsXv F \nemWv
t\mnmWsSpXv.
Rm BbpthZn ]pkvXIfpsS Hcp ]cc FgpXm
235 tUhnUv {^men
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 236
XpSn. AXpt]mse BbpthZ ]T\ ]XnIfpw Dmm
XpSn. Fs Ipsd kl{]hIcpsS klmbtmsS R
]mmXy temIv BbpthZ kv IqfpI m]npIbpw
Ahbv p ]T\ kma{Kn I kamlcn pIbpw sNbv Xp.
AdnbsSm Hcp sshtZinI imkv {Xw F \nebn \nv
]mmXy temIv hfsc s]sp Xs BbpthZw kamc
NnInkm ]XnIfnse Hcp {][m\ `mKambn amdn. Fs
BcysSpnb asmcp Imcyw, F{XthKnemWv BfpIsf
ln paXn s ap hifn tev BbpthZw \bn Xv
FXmbncpp. Hcp ]t tbmKtbm thKn AXv sshZnI
[ns ap hisf Ahv ]cnNbsSpn sImSpp.
BbpthZ hnZymYnIfmb \nch[n ]mmXy KtWi,
l\pam, in h, ZpKm Fn s\bp ln pssZh
ktfmSv hfsc s]spXs ASppp. AhcpsS
]cnioe\nsdbpw acppI Xmdmensdbpw `mKambn
a{fpw ]qPIfpw Ah D]tbmKnpp. BbpthZneqsS
]Xnsb Hcp sshZnI tbmK PohnX ssien ]mmXytemIn\v
]cn Nn Xambn hcpp. icocn sdbpw a\n tdbpw
BtcmKyspdn p Dmgv NIfn epw
tbmKimkv {Xspdnp [mcWbnepw Fmw AKv \nsbbpw
hmbphnt\bpw t]mep sshZnI k IqSpX {i ]nSnp
]nsmncnpp.
thZfpsS {]mtbmKn IXsbpdn p [mcWIfpsS
Ccnep ASnd {ItaW P\sf thZimkv{Xns ap
hifntev \bnpI Xs sNpw.
sshZnI TPymXnjw
Rm thZtPymXnjw ]TnpXv XpSp hp. {ItaW AXv
ssIImcyw sNm\pw ]Tnnm\pw XpSpIbpw sNbv Xp.
BbpthZn set]mse Rm CXn epw ]pkv XIfpw
]T\]XnIfpw Dmn. av \nch[n kl{]hItcmSv tNv
1992 R Atacnbnse BZys {][m\ sshZnITPymXnj
knwt]mknbw \SpIbpmbn. AsXmcp h hnPbambncpp.
237 tUhnUv {^men
CUybnse Cu \qmnse {]apJ TPymXnj ]nX tUm _n
hn cma Bbncpp As {][m\ {]`mjI.
1993 R 'Atacn Iukn Hm^v thZn Iv
Akvt{SmfPn' m]np. AXnv sshZnI TPymXnjn ]T\
mpIfpw ]cnioe\fpw sImSpp Hcp henb kwLS\bmbn
amdn gn n pv . Ghpw FSpp ]dtb hkv XpX,
]mmXytemIv Hcp bYm sshZnI TPymXnj kaqls
krnpXn ACVA hnPbnp FXmWv.
sshZnI TPymXnjtmsSmw ]cnnXnIfpw ZniIfpw apw
\nepmp kzm[o\spdnv ]Tnp hmkv Xp F
sshZnIimkv{Xsbpw Rm ]cnNbsp. Ime{]hmln \mw
\s Fs\ {IaoIcnWw Fv TPymXnjw ]Tnnptm
hmkv Xp ]Tn n pXv Cu kv t]kn \s Fs\
{IaoIcnWsamWv.
thtZmfmb Cu cv sshZnI imkv{Xfpw `mhnbn
hfsc {]m[m\yw t\Spsav Rm hnizknpp.
TPymXnjw, {]m]nI inIfpsS kpe\w AYhm
{Klimn kmyampp. AXv kabhpambn _sncnpp.
Krlimn AYhm hmkes kpe\amWv hmkvXpimkv{Xw
\nhlnpXv. AXmbXv kvt]bvkpambn _s inIsf
kaoIcnpI. Cu cv hnm\ imJIfpw Imenepw tZinepw
\apv icnbmb ZniImpp. BbpthZw \apv tZlipn
t\Sncpp. tbmK \apv Nnipn kmyampp. Ch cpw
\psS hyn PohnXn \psS icoc a\pIfpsS {IaoIcWw
kmyampp. ChbpsSsbmw BXynI eyamb B
kmmXvmcs thZmw \apv \Ipp.
]mmXy thZtPymXnj hnZymYnI BbpthZnse
t]mse Cu kwkv Imcns Ahn`mPy LSIfmb a{w,
aqnI!, ]qPI Fnhbnsemw XXv]ccmWv. {]tXyInpw
{ Klkz m[o\sf kpe\sSppXn \p ]cn lmc
Ifn. ]mmXy temIv thZtPymXnjns apJambn
ImWsSpXv KW]XnbmWv . AXpt]mse {KltZhamcnepw
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 238
Ahbvp ]nnse sFXnly IYIfnepsams hnZymYnIv
XmXv]cyapv. Cu kuay imkv{Xfnse almb Zi\sf
Ah Idn bpIbpw AhbpsS ln p ASn dsb
_lpam\npIbpw sNpp.
tUm _n hn cma
Fs thZns ]mXbn \bnhcn asmcp {][m\
hynbmbncpp tUm _n hn cma. Atlw AdnbsSpXv
B[p\nI `mcXnse Ghpw {]K`\mb TPymXnjn F
\nemWv. 1998se Xs acWw hsc GXmv Adp]Xp hjmew
CUybn se thZ tPymXn j { ]m\n s t\XrXz w
Atln\mbncpp. Cu hnjbn Xm cNn Bgtadnb
]pkvXIfneqsSbpw {]ikvXamb 'Akvt{SmtemPn amKko
Hm^v CUy' F amknIbneqsSbpamWv Atlw CXv km[nXv.
Ghpw {][m\ambXv Atlw thZtPymXnjs Cwnjv ssienbn
AhXcnnXmWv . AXv Cwnjv coXnbn hnZym`ymkw t\Snb
CUympw, hntZi A\phmNIpw Cu hnjbntep
hmXn epI XpdpsImSpp. Rm Atln s
]pkvXIfpambn Fgp]XpIfn Xs ]cnNbnncpp. Fm
CUybn hv hfsc hjv tijamWv Atls t\cn
ImWpXv . AXn ]noSv TPymXnj ]T\n\mbn Rm
Atln \nv Xs hnZymcw`w IpdnpIbpmbn.
tUm cma hyambn tcJsSps Iptd cm{ob
{]hN\ \Snbnpv. lnvedpsS Dbbpw ]X\hpw, dnmUv
\nIvks cmPn XpSnbh Ahbn NneXmWv. CsXms Xs
Ah \SpXn\v hfsc apmWv {]hNnXpw. Ingtm ]Snmtdm
Atlns Cu JymXnv Xpeyw \nphcmbn asmcp
TPymXnjnbpw C. Fm tUm cma Hcp TPymXnjn FXn\pw
hfsc Apdambncpp. Atlw Hcp cmPyX{\pw, NnI\pw,
sshZnIZi\sf ASnm\sSpnbp {]m]nI hoWw
hp]penbncp Hcp B[p\nI Ejnbpambncpp. Atlw
sshZnIaqeyfpsSbpw AhbpsS ImenI {]knbptSbpw Hcp
henb hmhmbncpp. bqtdm]ym hcpnh aphn[nItfbpw,
239 tUhnUv {^men
B[p\n I ZphymJym\tfbpw thZfpsS
imkv {XobXsbpdn p kwibtfbpw hyXtbmSpw
\nbZmUytmSpw IqsS \nccw Atlw shphnfnncpp.
]mmXy temIv thZtPymXnjw {]NcnnpXn am{Xa
thZ kw_nbmb Fs asm {]h\pw tUm cma
t{]mml\w Xncpp. Fmn\pap]cn Rv s]mXphmb
Hcm{Klapmbncpp. `cXns Ncn{Xw sshZnI EjnamcpsS
Zi\fpsS ]mXbn ]p\cmJym\w sNWsaXmWXv. Atlw
_mwKfqcn kwLSnn \nch[n ]cn]mSnIfn Rm ]sSpv
kwkmcnpIbpw AtltmsSmw ]ebnShpw kinpIbpw
sNbvXp. tUm cma Atlns {]tXyI TPymXnj ]Xn {]Imcw
Fs { Kl\n e ]cn tim[n pIbpw Fs Pohn Xn \pw
{]h\pw klmbIamb ]e DmgvNIfpw \IpIbpw
sNbvXp. AsXmw ]nmev F\nv hfsc {]tbmP\Icambn
Xop. thZ TPymXnjw Ins imkv{XamWv. AXv \psS
Cu Pans icnbmb Dtiw Fsv a\nemm \s
klmbnpw.
Rm CUybn thsdbpw ]e TPymXnjnIsfbpw Ipapn.
{]tXyInpw sUlnbn. tUm sI Fkv NcIv , tUm Znt\jv
XpSnbhsctmsebp \ Iptd TPymXnjnI D eamWv
sUln. Ahcn `qcn]hpw hfsc kanXcmb BymnI
lnpfmWv . Ah {Klimnmbn sslh a{fpw av
NSpIfpw D]tbmKsSppp. Xobmbpw thZ tPymXnjw
\Xpw kPohhpamWv . CubnsSbmbn thZ TPymXnjn
Iptdtbsd \ ]pkvXI hnpv. B[p\nI temIn Cu
hnm\s F{]Imcw {]tbmP\sSpmw FXv hfsc
IrXyXbnepw Bgnepw ImncphbmWv Ahbn ]eXpw.
thZ ùXnIimkv{Xw
thZfnse imkv {Xw t_m[ns imkv {XamWv . tbmK
t]mep BymnI imkv{Xtfbpw ^nknIvkv t]mep ùXnI
imkv {Xtfbpw ka\zbnm thZv Ignbpw. imkv {X
kaqln\v sshZnI hoWw ]cnNbsSpn sImv Nne {]apJ
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 240
imkv{Xamcpambn kwthZnm\pw F\nhkcw Innbncpp.
Rm Hcp ^nknIvkv hnZKv[ AmXncpXpsImv \n`mKyhim
Ah ]dn cp Imcy Fmbv tmgpw F\n v
a\nemIpambncpn.
Fm \nbambpw _lncmImibm{X, kabbm{X, av
am\fn tep { ]thi\w, av temIfn \n p
PohnIfpambp kw XpSn B[p\nI imkv{XtemIv \mw
tIp ]e Imcyfpw ]pcmW apX tbmKhmknjvTw
hscbp sslh {Kfn IpdXv `mh\bnsenepw FgpXn
hbvsnpv. bYmYn sslha\v Nnnnnm Hpw
imkv {Xntem imkv {XIYIfntem t]mepan. Hcp {][m\
hyXymkw, XfpsS a\ns in sImmWv lnp tbmKnI
{]IrXn inIsf \nb{nXv . imkv {XamIs A]ISIcamb
coXnbn Amcyw kmtXnI hnZybpsS klmbtmsS sNm
{ianpp.
Ejn amcpsS Bymn I imkv { Xw Cs
imkv {XamcpsS ùXnI imkv {XtmSv tNtc kabw
BKXambn cn pp. `mhn bn almmcmb \n ch[n ln p
imkv{Xsc \mw ImWpsap Imcyn kwiban. Fm
]mefn \np imkv{Xcpw {_w, Bmhv XpSnb
Cu {]]spdnp thZm hoWfntev ASppw
FXpw kwibclnXamWv.
kwkvIrXw tZh`mj
kwkv IrX`mj Hcp Pohn p { ]Xn `mkamWv . AXv
m\kz cq]n Wn bmb kckz Xn AYhm hmKv tZhXbmWv .
{]m]nI inIsf {]Xn\n[m\w sNp, ihpw AYhpw
ASpn gtN`mj { ]tXyIn pw thZ`mj kz bw \s
]Tnnpp. AXpsImmWv \ncpw AYhm thZns Hcp
AwKambncnpXv. AXv tIhew hymIcW kw_nbmb Hcp
]T\a adnv Cu {]] krnsb Ipdnp Xsbp ]T\amWv.
\psS a\ns\ ssInSnbnsemXpm t]m kucyhpw
ss\]pWyhpw Hn Wn b `mjbmb kwkv IrXw Hcp
241 tUhnUv {^men
[ym\nse t]mse IqSpX Bgnep DmgvNIfntev
\s Iqnsmp t]mIpp.
ln paXw Fn \pthn bmtWm \n esImpXv
AXntep hml\amWv kwkvIrXw. lnpaXns kmcmwiw
IspXn\v Hcph kwkvIrXw ]TntXv AXymhiyamWv.
AXn s HmPpw kucyhpw Bghpw Dsmm\pw
XmdmhWw. kwkv IrXn s icn bmb ]T\tmsS
ln paXn s\Xn scbp aphn [n Ifn Gdn b]pw
A{]XyamhpXmWv. kwkvIrXnse hmpIfpw XXzfpw
hfsc A\mbmkambn mWv Cwojn ZphymJym\w
sNsnpXv . `mjbmWv kwkv Imcns ASnd. Hcp
tZin s `mj B tZin s Fm kmwkv Imcn I
ss]XrItbpw DsmpXmWv. kwkvIrXneqsS Hcph
Cu cmPyns A\Lamb Zi\ ssh`htmSv kn
hcpp. km[mcW a\pjycpsS t_m[Xens ]cnanXnIv
hfsc Apdtv Ibdns `mcXns Fa EjnamcpsS
A\p`hfpambn ]cnNbsSpp.
kwkv IrXw `mcXn s `mj FXn epw F{ Xtbm
D]cnbmWv . AXv ssZhfpsS kzw `mjbpw am\hcminbpsS
BymnI `mjbpamWv. Hcp Pohkaqlw F\nev Bmhns
kzw `mjbmb kwkvIrXs \mw IspXphsc Db
BymnI eyhpambp _anmsX \psS kwkv Imcw
Nn mpgn Bgv p In SpItb Dq. { ]m]n I
hnm\hpw AXns {]Imi\hpw Dsmp kwkv IrXw
\s imkv{X]T\nepw klmbnpp.
Rm _oP a{tfmSp IqSnb a{km[\ Ipd[nIw
sNbvXncpp. Hcp ]t CXmbncnmw Fs Ghpw {][m\s
Bymn I km[\. Ccw a{ km[\I a\n s
DuP{]hmlsf ]cnh\sSppIbpw, AXns\ IqSpX
Db inIsf kzoIcnm {]m]vXampIbpw sNpw. Ah
\s aqnI AYhm {]] \nb{Ww sNp t_m[ns
hnhn[ inItfmSv _sSppp. icnp sshZnI tbmKw,
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 242
a{s ASnm\amnbpXmWv . AmsX tbmKmk\sf
ASnm\amnbpX. a{ a\ns tbmKmk\
t]msebmWv . Ah a\ns\ hgapXmn IqSpX Db
kzXzntep (]cammhv) hml\amn ampp.
1996 Rm kwkvIrX `mcXnbpsS Bm\amb Acw
kin pIbpmbn . AhcpsS amkn Ibmb kw`mjW
ktin\v thn Fs Ah Cdhyq sNpIbpapmbn.
CUybnse Hcp {]apJ kwkv IrX kwLS\bmWv kwkv IrX
`mcXn. Ah eWn\v BfpIsf kwkvIrX kw`mjWw
]TnnXphgn kwkv IrXs cmPyw apgph kPohamn
\ne\npXn henb Hcp ]v hlnnpv.
kwkvIrX `mcXn {]m\ns Xeh\mb IrjvWimkv{Xn
]noSv FtmsSmw Atacn kinpIbpmbn. Atlw
sNdpmc\pw, \smcp hmn bpw, BIjIamb
hynXznpSabpambncpp. Atln\v kwkvIrX `mjsbn
bmsXmpw Adn bm Bscsmpw B `mjbn
kwkmcnnm Ignbpambncpp. Pohnp kwkvIrX`mjbpsS
in AtlneqsS ]pdphncpp. lnp [ns
]p\cpoh\n\v Cu kwkv IrX {]NmcW {]m\w hfsc
BhiyamWv.
lnpaXn\v AXntXmb `mjbpv. AXmhmw Hcp]t
temInse Ghpw al\obamb `mj. sshZnIhpw tbmK]chpamb
Fm imkv {Xtfbpw, am\hcminbpsS Fm AdnhpItfbpw
hfnsbSpm\pw IqSpX Db eys ap\nn
ka\zbnnm\pw D]bpamb iamb Hcp ASndbmWv
kwkvIrXw \apv XcpXv.
bfpw ]qPIfpw t{Xfpw
sshZnI b shdpw {]mIrXamb NSpIfmbncpp.
Ah \psS hyn ]chpw IqmbXpamb Isf
kzm[o\n hn[n {]IrXo inIsf sacppXn\p
kohpw imkv {Xobhpamb hnZyIfmWv . Cu b
243 tUhnUv {^men
AKv \nsb tI{oIcnp NSpIfmWv . {]IrXnbnse asm
inItfmSpw _w m]nm\p Hcp hgnbmWv AKv\nbneqsS
\apv ssIhnpXv. ]`qXfn aynembn hcp AKv\n,
cq]ap ùXnI hkvXpfn \nv (Pew, `qan) cq]clnXamb
Bob Xentev (hmbp, BImiw) ISpXn\p \psS
ayhnbmbn \nesImpp.
Xmgv Xpw ]cnanXhpamb ùXnI Xesf \nb{np
_pnbpsSbpw B\nsdbpw IrbmIXbpsSbpw Bb
Db Xefpambn \s _nnpXn\p IrXyamb
{]{InbIfmWv sslhamb ]qPmI. ]qPI, {]m]nI
inIfpambn \s _nnm ]cym]vXamb kqvafmb
kzm[o\ DXv]mZnnpp.
Db temIfpambn \s _n n p Ccw
NSpI \nhlntXv a\pjy F \nep \psS
IhyamWv. ImcWw AhbnmnStmfw \mw C{nbfpsS
Ccpn Hsv Igntbn hcpp.
\psS HuXy Nn Isf Hn v kamlcn m\pw
insSpm\pw DXI coXnbn hfsc imkv{Xobambn cq]
I\ sNsnp kwhn[m\fmWv sslh t{X.
a\pjy temIs Znhy temIfpambn Ah _sSppp.
t{Xfnse hn{Klfpw av {]XoIfpw Db DuPtbpw
Bgtadnb m\tbpw \ntev Hgpn hnSpp. Ah AXo{nb
inIsf ùXnI temIn kaqampp. Ah tZhamtc
\apn Sbn { ]hn m\mbn Wn p hcppp.
Zn tWybn se almt{ X Cmcyn s Da
amXrIIfmWv . Hcp t{Xw t]msebp Fs hon Rm
At\Iw aqnIsf hncnpp. AhnsS inh, tZhnbpsS ]e
`mh, KW]Xn!, l\pam, hnjvWp, cma As\ Fmapv.
ChnsS \mw H adnv \mw Pohnp Cu {]]n Fpw
ZnhyinI \ndp \npp Fv B aqnI \s
Hmnnp sImncnpp. Acq]amb ipXXzhpw Cu
_nw_fpw Xn Hcp sshcpyhpw Rm ImWpn. A\amb
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 244
{_ns ]e XesfbmWv Ah {]Xn\n[oIcnpXv.
sshZnI ]mcnnXnI NnI
thZfpsS temI hoWn `qamXmhn\v hensbmcp
m\amWv InnpXv . ]e Xcnep `qan ]qPI
\ntZinsncnpp. icnbmb [ym\w t\SpXn\v \mancnp
`qansb ]hn{XoIcntXpv. ]cnnXnsb Ipdnp sshZnI
Nn Ifn `qan bpsS ]e \n KqV in Itfbpw
{]ISoIcnpXn\p {]{InbI ]dbsncnpp. lnp
]qPIfpw sshZnI NSpIfpw CXns `mKamWv.
`qan Hcp \nPoh hkvXph. adnv Fm PohPmefpsSbpw
Duz KXnbntep ]cnWman A\p{Klw sNmcnp
sImncnp t_m[ns adncnp inbmWXv .
]cminbmb tZhnbpsS AhXmcw XsbmWv Cu `qan. GIm
Xocfn Ah \s AXo{ n b Xen tepw
hnthIntepw \bnp inh ]Xv \nbmb ]hXnbmWv .
ê`qbnamb kaXefn Ah kv t\lhpw emf\bpw
sNmcnbp hnjvWp ]Xv\nbmb evanbmWv.
\n`mKyhim `qcn]w lnpfpw `qansbpdnp Cu
thZ hoWw adpt]mbncnpp. AXpsImp Xs Ah
XfpsS ]cn n Xn sb kwcn ppan . ]cn n Xn
{]m\fn Hcp sslh hoWw Ah sImv hnn.
As\ sNbvXncppshn AsXmcp]t temInse Cs
Ghpw BZi\njv Tamb {]m\amhpambncpp. ]cnnXn
{]m\v Hcp Bob hoWw \Iphm lnpaXn\v
km[npw. AXneqsS `qanbpsS ]hn{XXsb Ipdnp {]mNo\
hoWw Dbn n Sn phm\pw, B `qamXmhn t\mSv
kwthZnm\p amK Imncphm\pw Ignbpw. ]t CXn\v
lnp DWsgptv XfpsS Cu ]mccysbpw AXns
{]m[m\ysbpw XncndntbXv AXymhiyamWv.
B[p\nI lnpaXns apnep shphnfnIfn
245 tUhnUv {^men
{][m\amb Hv, `qantbmSp \psS _s Fs\ hopw
Dunbpdnmw FXmWv. `mcX amXmhv `qao amXmhv IqSnbmWv.
`mcXw `qanbptSbpw kqcyt\mSp _neqsS Ah ssIhcn
m\nsdbpw kzcq]amWv. `qansb kzampI FXv Fm
sslh aptfptSbpw, icnp ]dm Fm BymnI
{]m\fptSbpw Hcp Ahn`mPy LSIambn amtdXpv.
tbmK
tbmK F kw s]mXphmbn m\tbmKw, `ntbmKw,
ItbmKw, cmPtbmKw XpSnb hyXy BymnI km[\m
amKsf kqNnnm D]tbmKnpp. \s t_m[ns
HuXyntev \bnp sshZnI amKns BsIpIbmWv
tbmKw. sshZn I m\s { ]mtbmKn I Xen
]cnioenpXns kmtXnI hnZybmWv tbmKw. tbmKamWv
lnpaXns {][m\ ]cnioe\ ]Xn. lnpaXw AXns
kwKoXw \rw Fn hbn apX XXz Zi\hpw
BtcmKyimkv {Xhpw hscbp Fmnepw tbmKcoXnIfpw
tbmK]camb Dmgv NIfpw D]tbmKn pp. Hcn
tbmKimkv{Xnep lnpaXns thcpIfpw lnpaXns
tbmK Nnm]camb Nmbzpw a\nemnbm \psS tbmK
]cnioe\w IqSpX kw]pamhpIbpw lnpaXspdnp
\psS [mcW B[nImcnIamhpIbpw sNpw.
Rm CUybn FmSpap tbmK tI{ fpw
B{ iafpw kin pIbpmbn . Ahbn Ghpw
XmXv]cyapWp Hmbncpp _mwKfqcnse hnthIm\ tbmK
thZm tI{w. henb ASndbp Cu kwLS\ Hcp kqW
ImgvNmtSmSp IqSnbmWv tbmK ]TnnpXv. imkv{Xobamb Hcp
hoWhpw BymnIXbpw a\imkv {Xhpw Hs Cu ]mTy
]Xnbn ]cnKWnnpv . Ah temIns ]e`mKfn
\n pap { ]apJ hyn Isf ]sSpn p sImv hen b
tIm^dkpI kwLSnnmdpv. tbmK, thZmw, lnpaXw
FnhbpsS IrXyamb Hcp an{iWamWv ChnsS ImWm IgnbpI.
Ah Hcpanv kzoIcnptmgmWv Ghpw anI êw InpI. tbmK
F{ ]ImcamWv CUybn hfp hcpsXv Ccw
kwLS\I temIn\v ImWnp sImSppp. Ccw \nch[n
kwLS\I C\n bpw Bhiyapv . ]n Isfmfpw
Aetfmfpsamw AhbmWv Cmhiyw.
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 246
Hcp ]pXnb ]mmXy lnpaXntev
F]XpIfpsS ]IpXn apX Rm hnhn[ ]mmXy tbmK
{KqpIfpambn tNv {]hnp hcpp. CXv IqSpXembpw
BbpthZneqsSbmWv kw`hnsXnepw Rm AtXmsSmw
thZfpw, thZ tPymXn jhpw, thZmhpw, ln paXhpw
AtXmsSmw sImphp. icocn am{Xw HXpn \nemsX
{]mWs\bpw a\nt\bpw t_m[sbpw Fmw IWnseSpp
ka{K BbpthZamWv AYhm Hcp kq PohnX imkv{XamWv
Rm AhXcnnXv.
Cu kwc`ns `mKambn Rm tbmK ]cnioe\ cwKp
\nch[n {]apJsc Ipapphm CSbmbn. Ahcn ]mmXycmb
tbmKmk\ ]cnioeIcpw, `mcXnse Kpcpmcpw Dmbncpp.
F\nv AhcpsS ]cnioe\ ]cn]mSnI t\cndnbpXn\pw AtX
kabw Xncioep ]nn Ahscms Fs\ {]hnpp
Fdnbm\pw Ahkcw e`np. X kzbw lnpfmsWv
IcpXp Atacn tbmK hnZymYnI Csv CXn \nv
F\nv a\nembn. lnpaXw Fsv hfsctsmpw Adnbn.
anhcpw am[yafn \npw anj\dnamcn \npw Innb Nn{X
kXysa \n ebn Dn sImp \Sphcmbn cpp.
Hpanhpw thZmtam thZfnse ktitam Hpw
Adnbpambncpn. ]ecpw CXns\mpw A{X {][m\yapXmbn
Xs IcpXnbncpn.
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 248
]mmXy tbmKmNmcymcpw tbmK {KqpIfpw
]ecpw CUybn se Hcp { ]tXyI Kpcphn t\mSv
_aphcmbn cn pw, Fm Atln \p ]n n se
]mccyspdnv henb ]nSn]msSmpapmhn. AhcpsS hmk\
Hcp {]tXyI BNmcy\ntev t\mm\mbncnpw, ]pXnb Hcp kmh
euInI aXns AhXmcw F t]mse, AmsX Ah Hcp
km{ZmbnI lnphns\ t\mmdn.
av Nne tbmK {]NcnnpXns Xncnembncpp.
Fm AXpImcWw AXns ]mespdnv ]Tnm
kabw Incpn. Atacn tbmK {]m\v XfpsS
lnp ASndbpambp Dd _w \ne\nm Ignn.
AXpImcWw ]etmgpw AXv IhS]cXbntev hgpXn hoWp.
tbmKbpsS icoc tI{oIrXamb _mly himWv
Atacnbn IqSpX {]m[m\yw ssIhXv. AymnIXbpsS
A\p`qXn Xefnepw s]sp A\p`h tXSp P\
XXv ]ccmWv . CsXmw hyntI{oIrXamb kwLS\Ifntev
\bnp. Atacnbn Fpw hfsc thKw Xs Hcp _nn\kv
Bbn amdpp. AXns êw Ghpw \ ]ckyw sImSpphcpw,
kzbw {]Ncnnm Adnbmhphcpw {]ikvXcmbn amdpIbpw,
Ahv th{X Adnhnsnepw B[nImcnI hmhmbn
IWmsSpIbpw sNpp.
Fm IqSpX IqSpX tbmK hnZymYnI AXn\p
]nnse ]mccyspdnv Adnbm XmXv]cysSppv. Ah
shdpw tbmKmk\ apdI icnp sNm IgnbpXpsImp am{Xw
Xr]v Xc. ]mmXy tbmK kaqlfn IqSpX IqSpX
ln pkmwkv Imcn I khn tijXI DWp hcpXv
Iptdmeambn Rm Ip hcpp. sslh Bcm[\m
aqnIfmb inh, tZhn, Irjv W, KW]Xn Fnhscmw
Ahv kzoImcycmbn Xonpv. lnp `P\Ifpw, P]fpw
NSpIfpw {]Nmcw knnp hcpp, kwkvIrXn Hcp ]pXnb
XmXv]cyw Ip hcpp. caW aljnsbtmep KpcpmcpsS
{]t_m[\fn IqSn thZmnepw tbmKkq{Xw t]mep
249 tUhnUv {^men
{KeqsS tbmK XXzZi\nepw P\v XmXv]cyw hfv
hcppv.
lnp[ns av hifpw tbmK kaqlntev ISp
hcppv. Ahbn BbpthZhpw, thZtPymXnjhpw hmkvXphpw
s]Spp. Ch Xnep _sf P\ XncndnbpIbpw
AhbpsS s]mXphmb ASndsb IspIbpw sNpp.
Hcn Hcp hyn lnpaXns Cu hnime kwkvImcs
]cnNbsp Ignm Abm IqSpX Bgntev t]mIm
XmdmIpp. lnpaXw ]e cq]nepw `mhnepw ]Snmtdbvv
hym]np sImncnpp. lnpaXspdnp sXnmcWI
ImcWw Hcp ]t X lnp Asv Atacn tbmK
hnZymYnI ]dtmw. Fm Iw, ]p\Paw, km[\,
B kmmXvImcw XpSnbhbneqsS k\mX\ [spdnv
\mw Ahv hnhcnp sImSppIbmsWn, X ]npScp
amKw XsbmWsXv s]sp Xs Ahv Xncndnbm\mIpw.
\yq GPv (\hbpK ) {]m\w
Atacn bn se {In kv XpaX auen IhmZn I \yq GPv
{]m\s AhcpsS {][m\ òjWnbmbnmWv ImWpXv .
AXh ]e {]knoIcWfnepw ]cn]mSnIfnepw FSpp
]dnpapv. \yq GPv {]m\s Atacn lnpaXns
Hcp hn mbn mWv Ah ImWpXv . \yq GPn s\bpw
lnpaXtbpw hn{Klmcm[\, KqVimkv{XX]cX, Fns\
ss__n hn ain n p AtX { ]mIrX hn iz mkfpsS
`mKambnmWv Ah IWmpXv. Xv òjWnbmbn Ah
ImWp Atacnbnep KpcpamcpsS kzm[o\s Ihp
hbv m thnbpXmWv ASpImembn CUybn
Bcw`nnp hn tXmXnep anjWdn {]h\w.
Fncpmepw Atacnbnse \yq GPv {]m\w hfsc
sshhnyamXmWv. Ingpw ]Snmdpap Fmcnepap
ann k{ZmbfptSbpw hm AXnepsSpp.
AtacnbpsS Xtiobamb ]mccyw, A\y{KlPohnI, ]ctemI
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 250
kmcw Cs\ sshhn yam Xcw hn jbfn
X]ccmbhcpsS Hcp Iqmbv abmWXv . Fm Xcnepap
NnInkm ]XnI, ]p a\imkv{X NnI, Bt]mjWw
Fns\ Fmambpw AXv _sncnpp. kkymlmc
kwkvImctmSpw ]cnnXn {]h\tfmSpw AXn\v hfsc
iamb Hcp Nbzpv.
AXn Hcp ]pXnb t]K\nkw Dv. ]pcmX\ sknIv, {Kov,
CuPn]v jy, _m_ntemWnb kwkv ImctfmSv B`napJyw
]pep Hv . B{ ^n bpsS Xtiob kmwkv Imcn I
{]tXyIXIv Du sImSppsImp Hcp aptw
CtXt]mse Idp hKmcmb AtacnmcpsS CSbn
Dmbn hcppv.
Chcn `qcn]hpw Inepw ]p\Panepap
hn iz mkw ]phbv phcmWv . Ah Hcp krmhn s\
AwKoIcnpp Fnepw Db BXXzs tXSphcmWv .
Cmcyn AhcpsS ASn m\]camb XXz imkv { Xw
lnpfpsS thZmw t]msebmWv. X ]npScpnsnepw,
\yq GPv aptmcn ]ecpw CUybntepw AXns
KpcpamcntepamWv Dpt\mpXv.
\yq GPv {]m\n hfsc kz]v\kZriamb `mh\I
Dsnepw kzbw Ahbn apnmgmXncpm, {ItaW
]mIXhv , kXy kmmXv mcn\p Fm amKtfbpw
AwKoIcnp lnp[n\v Xpeyamb Hcp \nebntev AXv
Fn tbpw. CUybn \n p thZ ]mccyn s
]p\cpm\hpw, AXpt]mse temIsapap Xtiob
k{ZmbfpsS Dbsgptpw, tKmfmc bm{XbpsS Cu
ImeLn\v tN Bibfpw Dtv `mhntemIns
lnpaXw AYhm k\mX\ [w Dcpncnp hcpsav Rm
IcpXpp. hnIknXhpw DWsWoXpamb lnpaXw AXns
Bmsht]mse Xs _mlyXenepw temIns [ambn
Dbcpw. CXn\p thn Ccw {]m\tfmSv lnp _w
m]npIbpw, AhtcmSv Hsmcpanv {]hnpIbpw thWw.
251 tUhnUv {^men
Atacn lnpaXw
Atacn bn se Fs Pohn X kmlNcytfmSv
s]mcpsSm sshtZinItam A]cnNnXtam Bb Hmbn
lnpaXs]n F\nsmcnepw tXmnbnn. AXv hnimeamb
AYn {]IrXnbpsS, t_m[ns amamWv. AXpsImp
Xs AXv Fmhpw {]khpamWXv.
Fs kw_n n Stmfw aXhpw Aymn IXbpw
{]IrXnbn \nv hcpXmWv. AXv `qanbn \nv Dbp hcpp.
{]IrXnbn Bmhv `qanSnbnemWv PohnpXv. kkyfpsS
thcpIfn PohnpsImv êfpsS km{amPys AXv
\ne\npp. ùaimkv {X]camb {]{InbI \nbnp
`qtI{ n ep AKv \n \psS lrZbfn Pz en p
ZnhymKv\nbpsS Xs Hcp cq]amWv.
Ghpw {][m\s Dmgv NI F\nv InnbnpXv
{]IrXnbpsS aSnn Aep \SptmgmWv . {]tXyInpw
Db ]hX {]tZifn shdptX \Sptm. GImXIfn
{]IrXnbvv \psS Dn ISv a\pjytI{oIrXambn hnp
sshIeysf ambv p Ifbm Ignbpp. ]etmgpw F\nv
tXmn bn pXv tamw FXv { ]IrXn bn tev Cn \n
hcmhw CdnsNemWv FmWv . Asn a\pjy
kaqlamIp Xmgzcbntev Xncnp hcmhw Hcpb
]hXn\p apIfntev IbdntmIemWv FmWv.
lnpaXw `qanbpsS aXamWv . `qansb Znhy amXmhmbn
IcpXm\pw Ahsf BZcnm\pw `qanbpsS {InbmIXsb
klmbnm\pw AXv \s Blzm\w sNpp. lnpaXnse
aqn I { ]IrXn tbmSv CWn tv hn pp.
DZmlcWn \v in h ]hXfpsS ssZhhpw ]mhXn
]hXns tZhnbpamWv. inh DpwKamb ]hX inJcn
hknptm, ]mhXn ]hXfnse \o tNmeItfbpw
shmsfbpw, ]qhmSnIsfbpw ]cn]menpp.
]hXfn Aep \Sp Hcph\v {]IrXnbnep
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 252
inhenwK ImWm Ignbpw. inhenwKmImcw ]qv Dbp
\np ]hX{ipwKfpsS Xmsg tbm\okzcq]amb XmgzcIfpw
XSmIfpw ImWsSpp. As\ {]IrXnbnsepw ]mhXo
]ctaizcam {]Xyambncnpp. Ah Hcp cmPyntdtbm
Hcp {Kntdtbm am{Xw kz. Hcp lnphmbncnm
CUybn Xs Pohn Wsan . Hcp bYm
lnphmbncnm bYmYn Hcph Xms\hnsSbmbncpmepw
Xs `qantbmSpw {]IrXntbmSpw kulmZn PohnpIbmWv
thXv.
Fm tZipw Fm P\pw Ghpw anI coXnbn
CWp aXambnmWv Rm lnpaXs t\mnmWpXv.
ImcWw AXv \psS Nppap Fm PohnItfmSpw \s
IqnbnWm\mWv BhiysSpXv. \psS hynXzs \app
Nppap Fmntdbpw Bmhnt\mSv kacksSpemWv \n
\nv {]XonpXv. lnpaXw FmbnSpw ]pWym\
Ispp. FhnsSsbnepw Hcp \Zntbm, Hcp ]hXtam, Hcp
henb ]mdtbm, Hcp hrtam, ]Xnhnm GsXnepw Xcnep
{]IrXo {]Xn`mktam Hcp \ocpdhtbm Hcp Kpltbm As\
Fpsnepw lnp Ahbn ZnhyX Ispp.
Cu coXnbn F\nv Hcp Atacn lnp aXspdnv
]dbm Ignbpw. Rm Hcp Atacn lnp BsWpw ]dbmw.
Htc kabw Cu `qantbmSp _w sImv Atacn\pw, Cu
`qanbpsS Bmhnt\mSp _w sImv Hcp lnphpamWv Rm.
Rm Pohnp Cu {]IrXnbnse inIsf IspXn
lnpaXw Fs klmbnp. AhbpsS `qXhpw `mhnbpw, AhbpsS
{]tXyIamb BhnjvIcWhpw {]m]nI a\pambp AhbpsS
_fpw lnpaXw F\nv Imnp.
Hcp bYm Atacn lnpaXw FXv AtacnbpsS
hmWnPykwkvImcn\v tbmPn coXnbn sNnsbmXps
H. AsXmcp tlmfnhpUv Nm hnjbtam hm kv{Sov ]Xntm
A. ^pSv_m IfnmcpsStbm kn\nam \So\SamcpsS tbmKmk\
apdItfm A. AXv Hcphs B kbpsSbpw {]IrXnbpambp
253 tUhnUv {^men
Ahs _nsdbpw A\p`hhpw kmmXvImchpamWv. AXv
Atacn ant\mSv am{Xap _sb, adnv apgph
`qan tbmSpw, { ]]tmSpap Ahs _n s
kmmXvImcamWv.
Fm PohnIfnepap ZnhyXXzs lnpaXw BZcnpp.
asm Pohcq]tmSpw kackambn \npsImv \nse ZnhyXsb
kzm`mhnIamb coXnbn hnIknnm AXv \s klmbnpp.
AXpsImpXs lnpaXn\v Ahkm\hmv Fsmcp Imcyw
kzoIcnm \nhrnbn. FmhpambnpXv Fan Hcp
{]tXyI ]cnioe\tam Hcp {]tXyI kmapZmbnImNmctam AXv
\ntinmXpw AtX ImcWw sImmWv . \psS Xs
Acmmhns {]Xnê\amb \mao Pohnp {]]spdnv
]Tn p a\n emn smv \s Xs Xn cn dn bm
klmbnpIbmWv AXns eyw
Imew sNptm {]m]mmhv F Cu Imgv NmSv
temIs FmbnStbpw a\pjycpsS a\pIfn DZnp hcpw
Fv Rm hnizknpp. AXv PohnXns Xs hnImkhpw
AXns Bgtadnb clkyfpsS {]Imi\hpamWv. ]Xnsb AXv
a\pjykaqls ]cn h\sSppIbpw \mapw
m]\pw Apdap khtZiob aXntev \s
XncnsnpIbpw sNpw. \mw hopw HcnqSn Bmhv
\ndp\np Cu {]]s ip{iqjnp {]m]nI
]ucmcmbn Xocpw. shdpw a\pjytI{oIrXamb Cs NqjW
NnIfn \nv \mw DWcpw.
]cnkam]v Xn
lnp[w Fntev hXv hfscmew sImmWv .
\nch[n hynIfneqsSbpw, ]e cq]nepw, Bgtadnb t_m[n
\npw HsbmbnmWv AXv hXv. Itmenm ]nsb hnv
Hu]NmcnIambn Hcp lnphmbn Xocm Rm hfsc hj
FSpp. AXv tIhew Hcp aXs hnv IqSpX \ asmcp
aXntev t]mIembncpn. adnv kXys tXSnbp
AymnI Xense Hct\zjWambncpp AXv. XpSn AXv
_mlyamb Fm aX NSpItfbpw A{]kamn tXmnp.
Fm ]n mev Hcphs Aymn I ]mXsb
\ne\ndppXn kwkvImcn\pw kaqln\pap ]v F\np
hyambn.
lnpaXspdnv amyafnepw ]mT]pkvXIfnepw \nv
In n b { ]Xn mbIsf sImtm, AXn s _lpapJamb
{]tXyIXIsf sImtm BfpI FtmSv tNmZnmdpv :
"t{Xmcm[\, NSpI, PmXn XpSnb _mlyhifn IqSn
ISpt]mImsX Hcph\v tbmK, thZmw XpSnb lnpaXns
Kl\fmb {]t_m[\fn Fn tcm Ign bptam ?
lnpaXns BymnI {]t_m[\fpsS {]tbmP\w
t\SpXn\v Hcph Hu]NmcnIambn lnphmbn XotcXptm ?"
lnp[s Ipdnp Ccw tNmZyv Dcw
IsWsan AXns\pdnv \nehn {]Nmcnep
sXnmcWIfn \nv BZyw \mw apcmthXpv. lnpaXw
shdpw Hu]NmcnI kmaqlyhynXzn {i]Xnnp H
adnv Hcphs kzw [s ]npScpXnemWv AXns Du.
AXn s NSpI { ]IrXn sb { ]Xn \n [m\w sNpXpw
Ir{ Xn aamXpamWv . AXn se aqn I \psS Xs
kz Xz n s Db XesfbmWv { ]Xn \n [oIcn pXv .
lnpaXns {]t_m[\ ]Tnm XpSpXn\v Hcph
Hu]NmcnIambn Hcp lnp BtI Bhiyan Fncnnepw
PohnXnepw a\nepw Hcp lnphns\ t]mse BImsX Hcph\v
AXns Bgtadnb Zi\ ssIsbnnSnm IgnbpIbn.
asmcp tNmZyhpw Dbntmw. Hcp ]mmXy\v Asn
Hcp Atacn\v lnphmIpXneqsS FsmsbmWv \sSpI
? Htcsbmcp bYm ssZhtabpq, Asn Htcsbmcp
{]hmNI\pw, cnXmhpw, {Khpw am{Xta Dq F IpI
hnizmkw am{XamWv \nv \sSm\pXv. \n \nfpsS
{]mNo\cmb ]qhnItcmSv cRvPnnsepIbpw AhcpsS PohnX
ssiensb _lpam\npIbpw sNtnhcpw. aXns Imcyn
]e amK Dsp Imcyw \n AwKoIcntn hcpw.
\nfpsS ssZ\wZn\ PohnXn {]mY\, \maP]w, ]T\w, a\\w
Asn [ym\w XpSn GsXnepw Xcnep A\pjvTm\
hgn Aymn IX sImphtcn hcpw. Fm \n
NnnpXv \ndptXn. kXyn\v t\sc Xpdp h a\v
Dt]n tXn . \n GsXn epw Iqn sdtbm,
knmnsdtbm `mKambn kzbw ]cnanXsSptXn.
Fmn\pap]cn Cu {]{Inbbn \n kzbw \stSXn.
\n IqSpX Bgnepw {]m]nIamb hnimeXbnepw kzbw
Xsn Xs Adnbphm \nccw {ianp sImncnpIbmWv
thXv.
kwkvImcn\p {]m[m\yw
Hcp lnphmbncnpI Fm AXn\w PohnXn
Fs Ghpw klmbnnp BymnI ]mTsf Xncndnv
BZcnpI FXmWv. ChnsS t]cn\v henb {]m[m\yan. AXn\p
255 tUhnUv {^men
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 256
]nnse ]mccyw am{XamWv {][m\w. lnpaXw, lnp[w,
k\mX\[w, tbmK, thZmw, sshZnI imkv{X XpSnbp
]Zsfmw Cu hn]peamb {]t_m[\fpsS ]e XesfbmWv
{ ]Xn ên n pXv . Fm Cu B[p\n I bpKn
Bibhn\nabn\p kuIcyw IWnseSpv \mw GsXnepw
Hcp t]cv XncsSpm _mycmWv. lnpaXw FXmWv
B t]cv. ImcWw Cu t]cv Ctm Xs hfsc {]Nmcw Inngn
HmWv . \psS kwkv Imcnep lnphncp at\m`mhw
]pep Nne m]nX XmXv ]cyfpsS IiXbmsX
\psS ]mccns Fm \ hisfbpw Cu t]cv
ZtymXnnmXncnm Rm ImcWsampw ImWpn.
hyn]cambn Rm hnizknpXv lnpaXw {]tXyInv
k\mX\[w Fv \nhNnsSp sslh[amWv
temInse Ghpw \ aXsamWv.
lnpaXn\mWv Ghpw IqSpX ]pWy{KfpXv .
Ghpw A[nIw tZho tZhamcpw, almmfpw, tbmKnIfpw,
Ghpw A[nIw t{Xfpw, ]pWy XoYfpw BymnI
Xesfpdn p Ghpw Bgtadn b Adn hpw
lnpaXnemWpXv . AXmWv Ghpw ]pcmX\hpw, Ghpw
sshhnyamXpw Ghpw klnjv WpXbmXpamb aXw.
CsXmw Hcp aXs kw_nnStmfw henb alXzap
ImcyfmWv.
Fm Bscn epw atsXn epw aXw ]n pScpXv
Hmtcmcpcpw Hmtcm `Ww CsSpXp t]mse
kz`mhnIambnmWv F\nv tXmnbnpXv. AsXs Hpw Xs
AtemkcsSptXn. PohnXnse asm XpdIsfbpw
t]mse AymnIXbnepw karnbpmhs. GXv aXamtWm
XfpsS a\pItfbpw lrZbtfbpw DbpXv Fv
P\v A\p`hsSppthm, Ah AXv ]n pScs.
\sfmcpcpcpw Zn hyXbpsS aqn Ifpw Pohn Xn
AXpeyamb {]tXyIXIfpw DhcmIbm Hmtcm hynpw
AhsdXmb Asn AhfpsSXmb aXapmbnsms.
257 tUhnUv {^men
\sfmcpcpcpw _mlyamb cq]fmepw ]cnanXnIfmepw
_m[nsSmsX \psS t_m[ns Bgfn Hcp tZht\m
tZhntbm Bbn amds. ]m]t_m[n\pw Ipt_m[n\pw
Apdsan \nsemw D ZnhyX DWp hcs!
a\pjy PohnXns BXynI eyw \psSsbmw
kwkv Imcpw hyn Xz pw Hs Apdap
AhnIeamb kzXznsepIbmWv. Fm AXntep hgn
\psS kwkvImcnepw PohnXcoXnbnepw IqSnbmWv. Hcp]t
CXv Ipdv sshcpy ]qambn tXmn tbmw. eyw
A\Xbnepw A\izcXbnepw FntcemWv. Fm \manXv
sNtXv Ime tZi ]cnanXnIpnse \psS Ctmgs
\nebn \nmWv . Cu icochpw a\pw sImmWv . \psS
hynXzw Hcp {]tXyI kmwkvImcnI an{iWnepw AXns cq]
I\Ifnepw ]qgv nhbv sXmWv . \ kwkmcnm
]Tnp `mj \psS NnIsf cq]sSppXpt]mse.
kheuInIXbn Fntcm \apntm ChnsS icnbmb
Hcp ssPh ASnd BhiyamWv. \psS {]m]nI hynXzs
A\mhcWw sNbvXv AXntev \bnm \s klmbnp Hcp
kwkvImcs \manhnsS krntXpv. CXmWv ]ecq]n
lnp[w \apv \IpXv.
]e temIfn eqsS \s \bn psImv A\h[n
PafneqsS aptdp Hcp Imemc bm{XbmWv BymnI
PohnXw. hfsc Ipdv Bmtf Hcp Xeapdbn \nv Hcp]t
Hcp ]n Sn a\pjy am{ Xta Hcp kabv B bm{ X
]qnbmppq. icnbmb kwkvImcn\pw ]mccyn\pw
am{Xta Pamcfntev \ofp \psS AymnI bm{Xbnse
BnXamb DXv tj \ne\nm \s klmbnm
Ignbq. Am]w DgpsXmcpm \netv hensdnbp
hnpIfn hfsc Ipdv am{Xw hfv ]pnsSpXpt]mse,
kaqlnse _lp`qcn]hpw aptdm IgnbmsX kzbw
hebptm hfsc Ipdp t] am{Xta BymnI ]ptcmKXn
ssIhcnpIbpq.
lnp F ]Zns Aw
thZ ImeLn `mcXw AdnbsncpXv k]vXknp
FmWv. AXmbXv Ggp \ZnIfpsS \mSv. {]mNo\ t]jymcpsS
]pWy {Kamb 'skUv AhkvX' bnepw CtX t]cv Xs
'l]vX lnp' Fv ]cmainsp ImWpp. kwkvIrXnse
'k' bvp ]Icw 'l' F coXnbnep Cu hyXymkw ]e
CUy `mjIfnepw kw`hnmdpv. {KopIm hnfnXv
CUnI AYhm CUy tZiw FmWv. AXpw knp F
ins BZy `mKw amnbnv DmbXmWv. GXmbmepw
knp Asn lnp FXv {]mNo\ Imew apX
CUybpsS t]cmbncpp FXv Xa kwKXnbmWv. CUy
knp m\w AYhm \ZnIfpsS \mSv Bbncpp. Nnetm
AXv k]vX knp m\w AYhm Ggv \ZnIfpsS \mSv Fpw
Adnbsp.
kn p F ]Zn \v kwkv IrXn aqv
AfmWpXv . kn p Ft]cn Xs Ctm
AdnbsSp \Zn, \Zn F s]mXphmb Aw, kap{Zw. Atm
k]v Xknp F t]cnse knp F ]Zw Xobmbpw Hcp
{]tXyI \Znsbb adnv \Zn F s]mXphmb AsbmWv
IpdnpsXXv hyamWv. AXv IpdnpXv A\h[n \ZnIfpsS
\mSmb CUy F almcmPysbmWv . thZ ImeLnse
{][m\ \Zn kckzXnbmWv. ]nmev Cu m\w KwKbvv
e`n p. kn pm\w bYmYn kckz Xn m\hpw,
]nmes KwKmm\hpw BWv. shdpw knp \ZoXSw am{Xa.
[w, knp [w, lnp Fnh sshhnyam
hn imeamb Cu D]`qJn s kwkv Imcn sdbpw
aXfptSbpw s]mXp\maamWv.
1) CXv Hcp \Zo [amWv (knp [w). CXv Hcp
\Znsbtmse HgpIpIbpw hnIknpIbpw sNpp. ]stm
DmbsXv ]dbsSp GsXnepw Hcp shfn]mSn Xfs
H CXv , adn v ln paXw ImetmsSmw hfcpIbpw
hnIknpIbpw sNbvXp sImncnpp.
2) CXv A\h[n \Zn IfpsS [amWv . A\h[n
amKfptSbpw, almmfptSbpw, ]pWy {KfptSbpw
Akv Xn Xz s AwKoIcn pIbpw Fmbv tmgpw IqSpX
AwKoIcnm HcpnbncnpIbpw sNp Hcp aXamWnXv.
3) knp Fm kap{Zw Fpw Aapv . lnpaXw
kap{ZXpeyw Fm \ZnItfbpw Xn kzoIcnpIbpw AtXkabw
IcIhnbmXncnpIbpw sNpp. k\mX\ [w AYhm
kmheuInI ]mccyw F lnpaXns ]Zhnsb Hcp
kap{ZtmSv D]anmw.
knp F]Zw lnp FmbXv t]jymcpsS CSbn
am{Xambncpn. CUybnse {]tXyInv ]ntaybn Nne `mjm
kaqlfpsS CSbnepw AXs\bmbncpp. ]{mw \qmnse
Ihn Nmv `cZmbnbpsS ]rYzocmPv cmtkm F lnn IrXnbn
lnp F ]Zw ChnSps P\tfbpw aXtbpw Ipdnv ]dbm
D]tbmKnpXmbn \mw ImWpp.
knp [w F \nebn lnpaXw CUybnse Fm
aXtfbpw XXzNnItfbpw {]Xn\n[m\w sNpp. B \nev
AXv _p ssP\ aXfpssSbp Fm `mcXob
k{Zmbsfbpw Dsmpp. Cu Imgv NmSn lnpaXw
FXv sshZnI [n am{Xw HXpn \np H, adnv
259 tUhnUv {^men
Rm Fs\ lnphmbn 260
AXv sshZnIhpw AsshZnIhpw Bb amKsf kzoIcnpp.
adphiv thZ]mccyw Xs Hcp _lpamK k{ZmbamWv.
AXv Ctm \n ehn ep sshZn I amKfn HXpn
\n pX. " GIw kZv hn { ]mx _lpZm hZn " F
kp{]knamb sshZnI {]kvXmh\bn A[njvTnXamWv AXv.
("kXyw Htbpq. ]nXm AXns\ ]e hn[n
hn hcn pp"). AsshZn Iw Fv kz bw hn ebn cpph
DssSbp av amKsf kw{Klnm\p ASnd sshZnI
[nepv.
`mcXn\p ]pdmIs Cu {]]hpambn kackXbn
Pohnm\pw Fm Poht\bpw BZcnm\pw Xmdp Fm
kwkvImctfbpw Dsmm lnpaXn\v Ignbpw. Ccw
Hcp \nhN\w, lnpaXs `mcXns am{Xw aXw F \nebn
\nv Dbn, {]m]nI kXys GXv Imen\pw GXv
tZin\pw GXv hynIpw Dsmm ]p hn[w
kzoIcnpXn\p Hcp amKw F \nebn {]XnjvTnpp.
lnp[w a\pjy PohnXns Fm taJeIsfbpw
kv ]inp am\h [amWv . a\pjys BtcmKyn\pw,
ktmjn\pw, {InbmIXbv pw HSphn tamn\pw
Fsmw Bhiyaptm AsXmw lnpaXw ImWnp Xcpp.
AhfpsS A\p{Klw Fmhpw e`npamdmIs !
ip`w

How I Became A Hindu Malayalam

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How I Became A Hindu Malayalam

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