Chemistry: Chapter 15 Review Acids and Bases

1. Complete the table with definitions.

Scientist(s) Acid Base
Arrhenius


Bronsted-Lowry


Lewis



2. Label the Bronsted-Lowry acid, base, conjugate acid, and conjugate base.

a. HMnO
4
+ H
2
O MnO
4
-
+ H
3
O
+



b. OH
-
+ CH
3
COOH CH
3
COO
-
+ H
2
O


c. NH
4
+
+ CN
-
HCN + NH
3



d. HSO
4
-
+ CO
3
2-
HCO
3
-
+ SO
4
2-



3. Complete the table with conjugate acid-base pairs.
Acid Base Dissociation Equation
H
2
SO
4



PO
3
-3

HCO
3
-




4. Complete the table and label the acid as strong or weak.
Salt Parent Acid Parent Base Acidic, Basic or Neutral
BaSO
4



AlCl
3



NH
4
Br



Ca(C
2
H
3
O
2
)
2




5. Complete the table.
Properties of Acids Properties of Bases





















6. Fill in the blanks.
a. H
+
is often written in place of H
3
O
+
. H
3
O
+
is called the ______________ ion and is produced by ____________.

b. OH
-
is called the _______________ ion and is produced by ______________.

c. If [H
+
] =[OH
-
], then the solution is _______________ and the pH equals _____.

d. If [H
+
] >[OH
-
], then the solution is _______________ and the pH equals _____.

e. If [H
+
] <[OH
-
], then the solution is _______________ and the pH equals _____.

f. The equilibrium constant represented by the letter K directly indicates the strength of an acid or base. If the K
value is large, then the acid or base is __________. If the K value is small, then the acid or base is __________.

g. If K
a
>K
b
, then the solution is ____________ and the pH is ________.

h. If K
a
<K
b
, then the solution is ____________ and the pH is ________.

i. Ammonia, NH
3
, does not contain OH
-
in its formula, but it is considered to be a weak ___________.

j. MgCl
2
contains a metal and a nonmetal and is an example of a __________. MgCl
2
(s) Mg
2+
(aq) +2Cl
-
(aq) is
an example of a ________________ equation that shows the compound forming __________ in water. Since it
produces ions in water, it will conduct electricity and is considered to be an _________________ solution.

k. A __________________ is a solution that resists changes in pH.

l. An _________________ is a solution that changes color when the pH changes.

m. A _________________ is a process used to determine the __________________ of a solution. In a titration, the
___________________ which has known volume and known concentration is placed in the ________________,
while the _________________ which has known volume but unknown concentration is placed in the
_______________ with a few drops of _________________. The _________________ of the titration is reached
when the indicator changes ________________. This signals that the __________________ point has been
reached, a point when stoichiometric amounts of acid and base have reacted.

n. HF, H
2
S, and HCl are examples of ______________ acids which contain two elements.

o. HF, HNO
3
, HClO
4
are examples of _________________ acids which dissociate to produce one H
+
.

p. H
2
SO
4
and H
2
SO
3
are examples of _________________ acids which dissociate to produce two H
+
.

q. H
3
PO
4
and H
3
PO
3
are examples of _________________ acids which dissociate to produce three H
+
.

r. HNO
3
, H
2
SO
4
, and H
3
PO
4
are examples of _________________ that contain H, O, and a nonmetal.

s. HCl, HBr, HI, H
2
SO
4
, HNO
3
, HClO
4
, and HClO
3
are examples of _____________ acids that dissociate completely
to forms ions, specifically ________ in aqueous solution.

t. LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH, Ca(OH)
2
, Sr(OH)
2
, and Ba(OH)
2
are examples of _____________ bases that
dissociate completely to form ions, specifically __________ in aqueous solution.

u. H
2
O is an _______________ substance that can act as an acid or as a base.


7. Write the balanced acid-base neutralization reactions.

a. HBr +NaOH

b. H
2
SO
4
+LiOH

c. HCl +Ba(OH)
2


8. Blood has an approximate pH of 7.35. Calculate the [H+] and [OH-] in blood.
(answer: [H
+
] =4.5x10
-8
M, [OH
-
] =2.2 x 10
-7
M)







9. A solution contains 5.6 x 10
-4
M hydronium ions. Calculate the hydroxide ion concentration and pH of the solution.
Is this solution acidic, basic, or neutral? Explain. (answer: [OH
-
] =1.8 x10
-11
M; pH =3.25)








10. Calculate the [H
+
], [OH
-
], pH and pOH of a 0.125 M Ba(OH)
2
solution.
(answer: [H
+
] =4.00x10
-14
M , [OH
-
] =0.250M , pH =13.40, pOH=0.60)








11. A student titrates 20.0 ml of NaOH with 40.0 ml of a 3.0M HCl solution to reach the equivalence point.
a. Write the balanced neutralization equation.


b. How many moles of HCl were used? (answer: 0.12 moles HCl)



c. How many moles of NaOH were neutralized? (answer: 0.12 moles NaOH)



d. What is the molarity of the NaOH solution? (answer: 6.0 M NaOH)




12. Complete the chart. Express the value for [H
+
] and [OH
-
] in scientific notation.

Solution [H
+
] pH [OH
-
] pOH Acidic, Basic, Neutral
0.00001 HBr


0.001 HNO
3



0.01 KOH


0.000001 LiOH



13. Describe the values of the pH scale as strongly/weakly acidic/basic. Also label the pH value for a neutral solution.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

The following reference material will be provided on the unit test.


pH =- log[H
+
] [H
+
] =10
-pH

pOH =-log[OH
-
] [OH
-
] =10
-pOH

pH +pOH =14

Strong acids: HCl, HBr, HI, H
2
SO
4
, HNO
3
, HClO
4
, and HClO
3

Strong bases: LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH, Ca(OH)
2
, Sr(OH)
2
, and Ba(OH)
2



1
H
1.008
2
He
4.003
3
Li
6.941
4
Be
9.012
5
B
10.81
6
C
12.01
7
N
14.01
8
O
16.00
9
F
19.00
10
Ne
20.18
11
Na
22.99
12
Mg
24.31
13
Al
26.98
14
Si
28.09
15
P
30.97
16
S
32.07
17
Cl
35.45
18
Ar
39.95
19
K
39.10
20
Ca
40.08
21
Sc
44.96
22
Ti
47.87
23
V
50.94
24
Cr
52.00
25
Mn
54.94
26
Fe
55.85
27
Co
58.93
28
Ni
58.69
29
Cu
63.55
30
Zn
65.39
31
Ga
69.72
32
Ge
72.64
33
As
74.92
34
Se
78.96
35
Br
79.90
36
Kr
83.80
37
Rb
85.47
38
Sr
87.62
39
Y
88.91
40
Zr
91.22
41
Nb
92.91
42
Mo
95.94
43
Tc
98
44
Ru
101.1
45
Rh
102.9
46
Pd
106.4
47
Ag
107.9
48
Cd
112.4
49
In
114.8
50
Sn
118.7
51
Sb
121.8
52
Te
127.6
53
I
126.9
54
Xe
131.3
55
Cs
132.9
56
Ba
137.3
57
La
138.9
72
Hf
178.5
73
Ta
180.9
74
W
183.9
75
Re
186.2
76
Os
190.2
77
Ir
192.2
78
Pt
195.1
79
Au
197.0
80
Hg
200.6
81
Tl
204.4
82
Pb
207.2
83
Bi
209.0
84
Po
209
85
At
210
86
Rn
222
87
Fr
223
88
Ra
226
89
Ac
227
104
Rf
261
105
Db
262
106
Sg
263
107
Bh
262
108
Hs
265
109
Mt
266
58
Ce
140.1
59
Pr
140.9
60
Nd
144.2
61
Pm
145
62
Sm
150.4
63
Eu
152
64
Gd
157.3
65
Tb
158.9
66
Dy
162.5
67
Ho
164.9
68
Er
167.3
69
Tm
168.9
70
Yb
173.0
71
Lu
175.0
90
Th
232.0
91
Pa
231
92
U
238.0
93
Np
237
94
Pu
244
95
Am
243
96
Cm
247
97
Bk
247
98
Cf
251
99
Es
252
100
Fm
257
101
Md
258
102
No
259
103
Lr
260
110
269
111
272
112
277
114
289
116
289
118
293
1
2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17
18
1
2
3
4
5
6
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