I

J
THE BUDDHIST GODDESS V ASUDHARA
Ratna Handurukande
In his book on Indian Buddhist iconography mainly based on the
5adhanamala and Cognate Tantric Texts of Rituals, I Benoyto!h
Bhattacharyya gives information about the Buddhist goddess Vasudhara,
Bearer of Wealth or Treasure, whose worship is believed to bring great
prosperity to her worshippers.
In the pantheon of the Northern Buddhists, Vasudhara figures as the con
sort of lambhala, the Buddhist god of wealth, an emanation of Dhyani
Buddha Akobhya or Ratnasambhava.2 Vasudhara herself bears the image
of either Akobhya or Ratnasambhava on her crown.3 However,lambhala
and Vasudhara were known long before the concept of Dhyani Buddhas
came into existence.4 The five Dhyani Buddhas along with their female
counterparts were known in crica 300 A.D. the time of the introduction of
the Guhyasamaja tantra/' chapter one of which is entirely devoted to the
formation of the Dhyani Buddha mal9ala.(
The SadhanamCI[7 which contains four short texts x describing Vasudhara
and prescribing the procedure for her worship is a heterogeneous collec
tion of sadhanas or rituals for worshipping deities, composed by different
authors. It is a Buddhist tantric text belonging to the branch of Mahayana
called Vajrayana. Tantras, a class of texts containing esoteric teachings,
are said to have been handed down from spiritual preceptors called guru to
disciples in the most secret manner possible during a long period of nearly
three hundred years, from the time of Asanga who is said to have flour
ished in the first half of the fourth century down to the time of Dharmakirti
who probably belonged to a period between 600-650 A.D.'
Three of the four short texts dealing with the worship of Vasudhara in the
Sadhanamaia called Vasudhara- sadhana'o describe her form, while the
Dhamma- Vinaya: Essays in Honour of Venerable Professor Dhammavihari (Jotiya
Dhirasekera), Sri Lanka Association for Buddhist Studies (SLABS), 2005.
Ratna Handurukande
fourth, Vasudhtrt-dhtra'yupadesa,
II
gives instructions about the man
ner of reciting the dharatl, the mystical charm or prayer for worship
p
ing
her. These four texts are of unknown authorship.
Tibetan translations of the Vasudhara texts of the Stdhanamtla are found
in the Rgyud-grel (tantra commentary) section of the Bstan-gyur in the
Tibetan Canon.12 Translations of other texts relevant to the worship of
Vasudhara included in the same section are the Arya-vasudhtra-ntma
d ha ra'fn, S rf-vasudht rt-stdhana, 14 Srf-vasudha rt-stot ra, 15 S rf
vasudharti-pra'idhtna, J(i Vasu,!ldhtri1f-kalpa 17 and the Arya- vasudhtra-
ntma-a!ot tara- satakalX, the Sanskrit text and an English translation of
j
which is presented at the end of this paper.
Vasudhara descibed in the Sidh,?namilihas one face and is two-armed. In
her left hand she carries a bunch of corn on a vessel showering a variety of
gems, while her right hand exhibits the varada-mudra the gesture of con
ferring boons. Yellow in complexion, Vasudhara is decked with all kinds
of ornaments and garments. She is in the prime of youth and surrounded by
many female friends. She bears the image of Ratnasambhava on her crown.
Bhattacharyya who says that this form of Vasudhara is not generally met
with in sculpture reproduces a Nalese drawing of the goddess in his
book, The Indian Buddhist Iconography. He also notes that images of
Vasudhara are found in Tibet but not in China.19
A representation of a one-faced and six-armed Vasudhara described by
Bhattacharyya is as follows. "In the three right hands she exhibits the
Namaskira Inudra the Varada mudri and the ears of corn. The first left
hand has the book, the second the ears of corn, and the third on the left
carries the vessel containing jewels. Her hair rises upwards in the shape of
a flame. She is beautifully decked in ornaments and her expression is truly
peaceful." A representation of this variety of the goddess from Nepal de
scribed as a fine spectmen of Newari art and a reproduction of a beautiful
bronze image of Vasudhara in the Baroda museum are also included in
Bhattacharyya's book.2()
A Nepalese metal image (c. 13th century A.D.), 10. 3 cms. high, in the
possession of the Museums Branch of the Archaeological Survey of India,
Calcutta, has been identified by Makar Mitra as that of Vasudhara in her
six-armed form, in a publication in 1986,21 which contains a Plate illustrat
ing the image.22 Mitra's description of the .goddess is as follows.
112
I
The Buddhist Goddess Vasudhara
"The single-faced and six-armed goddess is seated in the laJjtasana
posture on a double-petalled lotus (visvadalapadma) the pendant
right feet (sic.) being placed on another lotus. She is richly adorned
with oraments including a conspicuous crown. Of her right hands,
the topmost exhibits the vandanamudra( Tathagata-vandanalnudra),
the second carries the ratna- lnaiijaJi and the third, placed on the
right leg, displays the varadalnudra and bears a jewel (nidhi). The
topmost left hand carries a book, the middle one (broken) obviously
held the ears of corn and the third, resting on the lap, carries the
auspicious pot (bhadragha.a). She bears a calm and benign facial
expression. "
Commenting on the image Mitra says,
"From the attributes in the six-armed Vasudhara it appears that she
was not only the goddess of wealth but was also conceived as the
goddess of learing. The ears of corn and the gha/a show her con
nection with abundance and prosperity and the jewel and ratnaJnaiJ
JlJi are in keeping with her conception as the goddess of wealth.
The manuscript in the uppermost left hand stands for prajiiapustaka
and reveals the aspect of the goddess as the embodiment of learning
and knowledge Unana)."
According to Mitra, the dhyana of the six-armed form of Vasundhara is
available in some manuscripts like the Vasundaroddesa (13th _14th centu
ries A.D.), Vasundhara-vratotp,7ttyavadana (18th century A.D.) and
Vasundharanalna{i/ott rasataIn (18th centry A.D.). 3
In 1990, I was able to copy by hand and make notes of copies of three
manuscripts of a work called Arya-sli-vasudharaya nanJas/ottarasataln, two
of which are kept in the M.E. Saltykov- Shchedrin State Public Library in
St. Petersburg (formerly Leningrad)24 and the third in the Oriental Depart
ment of the State Library in
B
erIin25. The text presented here followed by
a translation is based on these three manuscripts designated by me as A
20
.
B
n.
and CX for facilitating reference to selected variants.
Arya-srj-vasudharaya namatottarasata
Namah' srlvasudharayai.
divyarupl surupl ca saumyarupl varaprada /
vasudharl vasudhara30 vasusrl srikari vara II 1 II
113
Ratno Hondurukande
dharaJi dharalr' dhata saral)ya bhaktivatsala I
prajfaparamita devi prajfasribuddhivardhani II 2 II
vidyadhari siva sukma santa sarvatra maq'ka I
tarul)i tarulrn devi vidyadanesvaresvari II 3 II
bhusita bhutamata ca sarvabharanabhusita:n I
e e e
durdantatrasani bhima ugra ugraparakrama II 4 II
danaparamita34 devi varali divyarupini I
nidhani3
5
sarvamangalya kirtilakmiyasaItsubha3n II 5 II
dahani maranrn candi savari sarvamatrka I
e . . 9
krtantatrasani3X raudri3< kaumari visvarupini II 6 II
viryaparamita devi jagadanandalocani I
tapasi ugrarupi ca rddhisiddhivaraprada II 7 II
dhanya40 pUl)ya mahabhaga41 ajita jitavikrama I
jagadekahitodyukta4: sargrame43 tarili44 subha II 8 II
kantiparamita devi s11ini4
5
dhyanadhyayini4( I
padmini padmadhari47 ca47 padmam asanam asini4X II 9 II
suddharupi mahateja hemavarlaprabhakari I
cintamalidhari devi prajfapustakadharili4< II 1011
nidhanakuam aruchaso dhanyagaradhanapriya I
traidhatukamahas, ac;hya52 divyabharalabhuili II 11 II
matari sarvabuddhanam ratnadhatvesvaresvari53 /
sunyatabhavini devi bhavabhavavivarjini II 12 II
vainayaki54 vineta ca sada55 klesavicchedani5n I
bhindani57 sarvamaralar saptapatalaksobhal)i II 13 II
brahmali vedamata ca ..... 5X guhyavasini /
sarasvati visalaksi caturbrahmaviharinp< II 14 II
tathagati maharamya vajrili dharmadhariJi60 II
kamadhatvesvarinl vidya6
2
visvajvalagramal)9ali63 II 15 II
bodhani sarvasattvanar64 bodhyangakrtasekhari6S I
114
The Buddhist Goddess Vasudhara
dhyanadhimuktisampannafif advayadvayabhavinif7 II 16 II
sarvarthasadhani bhadra strirupaf mitavikramafl
darsanFo buddhamargaIar naamargapradarsani71 II 17 II
vagisvari mahasanti goptrF2 dhatri73 dhanardada74 I
strirupadharaI)i75 siddha yogini yoginIsvarFf II 18 II
manohari77 mahakantF subhaga7l priyadarsani I
sarthavahaIpadri() sarvatathagatatmaki II 19 II
namasHI te' stuQ mahadevi sarvasattvarthadayani I
namasn te divyarupi ca vasudhara namo
l
stu
5
te II 20 II
aottarasatar nama trikale
f
yal)H7 pahed imam I
prapnoti niyatar siddhimHx ipsitarthamanorathaHlJ II 21 II
yad ajfan

krtarlJ() papar anantaryasudaruIamlJ' I

tat sarva - kapayaty asulJ2 smaanlJ3 namabhadrakamlJ411 22 I
athava sIlasampanna saptajatismarolJ5 bhavet I
priyas cadeyavakyasl ca rupavan priyadarsanal) II 23 II
viprakatriyakuleulJ7 adeyam upajayatel
ante bhumisvarar prapta pascat prapta sukhavatimlJ II 24 II
A
ryasrivasudharayallJ namaottarasatarIOO buddhabhaitar'o,
samaptam
10
2
II
Tanslation of the Arya-srl-vasudharaya namatottarasata
Homage to the glorious Vasudhara.
I. Divine in form, exceedingly beautiful, gentle in manner, giver of boons,
possessor of wealth, bearer of treasures, resplendent with riches, radi
ating lustre, noble,
2. bearer, supporter, creator, yielder of refuge, devotedly pious, goddess
of the perfection of wisdom, one who increases wisdom, prosperity
and intellect,
3. blessed with learing, benign, subtle, calm, a mother at all places, young
and youthful, a goddess presiding over knowledge, liberality and lord
ship,
4. adorned, the mother of beings, embellished with all ornaments, fright
ening the ill-tamed, formidable, fearful, ferociously powelfl,
5. the goddess of the perfection of generosity, raining (riches), bearing a
divine form, possessing treasures and all blessings, endowed with re-
115
Ratnc[ Handurukollde'
"~~~-
nown, wealth, fame and splendour,
6. scorching, slaying, violent, savage, the mother of all (beings), terrLfy
ing the god of death, fierce, youthful, bearing all forms,
7. the goddess of the perfection of effort, possessing eyes that bring hap
piness to the world, an ascetic fierce in form, granting power, success
and boons,
8. opulent, virtuous, fortunate, invincible, winner of prowess, solely con
cerned with the welfare of the world, a capable saviour in battles,
9. the goddess of the perfection of patience, pious, absorbed in religious
meditation. possessing a lotus, holding a lotus, seated on a lotus seat,
10. pure in form, great in majesty, emanating a radiance of the colour of
gold, the goddess bearing the gem that gratifies all desires, carrying
the book of wisdom,
II. she who has ascended the peak of a treasure, attached to the riches in a
treasury of wealth, powerful in the three worlds, affluent, adorned with
divine oraments,
12. the mother of all Buddhas, a mistress presiding over the sphere of
wealth, the goddess meditating on emptiness avoiding the states of
existence and non-existence,
13. a leader, a guide, always destroying defilements, shattering all obsta
cles, causing agitation in the seven nether regions,
14. belonging to the brahman caste, the mother of the veda scripures, ...
the goddes of speech, large-eyed, practising the four sublime states,
I S. a female Buddha, most pleasing, bearing the vajra thunderbolt, prac
tising the Law, goddess of the sphere of desire, (goddess of) learning,
possessing an excellent circle of all-pervading light,
16. enlightening all beings, bearing the factors of enlightenment as a dia
dem, endowed with contemplation and zealous application, conscious
of the non-duality of what is non-dual,
17. promoting the welfare of all, good, bearing the form of a female, walk
ing with measured steps, showing the path of the Awakened, pointing
OLit the way to those who have lost track,
18. goddess of speech, most tranquil, protector, creator, giver of wealth,
bearer of a female form, possessing super-natural power, a contempla
tive saint, a queen among ascetics,
19. attractive, lustrous, charming, lovely to look at, casting a compassion
ate eye on merchants, blessed with the character of all Buddhas.
20. Homage to you, great goddess w
'
ho grants the needs of all beings. Hom
age to you of divine form. Homage to. you, Vasudhara,. the bearer of
1 16
2
2
s
The Buddhist Goddess Vasudhara
treasure.
21. He who recites the one hundred and eight names three times(in the
morning, at noon and in the evening) shall surely gain success, desires
and wishes.
22. Sinful deeds committed through ignorance, most dreadful(sins) that
bring about immediate results-one destroys all such evil speedily
calling to mind the good names.
23. Further, blessed with virtue, he will recall seven past births.
B
eloved,
of acceptable speech, handsome, pleasing to the eye,
24. he will be born and well- received in families of brahmins and kings.
Finally, he will become a ruler of the earth and later reach the Sukhavati
heaven.
The One hundred and eight names of the noble and blessed Vasudhara
recited by the Buddha is concluded.
As its title indicates, the Aryasrfvasudharaya nama!ottarasata should
contain 108 names of Vasudhara. However, it is not easy to distinguish the
names of the goddess from epithets describing her. I give below a tentati ve
list of the possible names of Vasudhara listed in the text.
l. varaprada
2. vasudharI
20. bhltamata
Q
21. durdanttrasanI
"
3. vasudhara
22. bhIma
4. vasusrI
23. ugra
5. srIkarI 24. ugraparakrama
6. dharanI
7. dhara
;
25. danaparamita devI
26. nidhanI
8. dhata 27. sarvamangalya
9. saralya 28. klrtilakmlyasasubha
: 10. praHaparamita devI
1 1. prajasrIbuddhivardhanI
12. vidyadharI
29. dahanI
30. maranI
31. candI
13. siva 32. savarI
14. slksma
33. sarvamatrka
15. santa 34. krtantatrasanI
16. malrka
35. raudrI
17. tarunI
36. kaumarI
.
18. tarunI
37. visvarupinI
19. vidyadanesvaresvarI
38. vIryaparamita devI
1 17
w
'
r"
Ratna Handurukande
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
5l.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
6l.
62.
63.
jagadnandalocanl
tapas(
ugrarupl
rddhisiddhi varaprada
dhanya
pUIya
mahabhaga
ajita
jitavikrama
sargrame tariIi
kantiparamita deVl
sTlinI
dhyanadhyayinI
padminI
padmadharI
suddharipI
mahateja
hemavarIaprabhakarI
cintamanidharI
praapustakadhariII
nidhanakitamaridha
. .
dhanyagaradhanapriya
traidhatukamaha
achya
divyabharaIabhi

iII
64. sarvabuddhanam matarI
65. ratnadhatvesvaresvarI
66. sinyatabhavinI
67. bhavabhavavivarjinI
68. vainayaki
69. vineta
70. klesavicchedani
71. sarvamaranam bhindani
72. saptapatalakobhaIl
73. brahmani
74. vedamata
75. guhyavasini
r
76. sarasvati
77. caturbrahmaviharini
78. tathagati
79. vaJ flI 1
80. dharmadharini
81. kamadhatvesvari
82. vidya
83. visvaj val agrama1c;ali
84. sarvasattvanam bodhani
85. bodhYaIgakrta
'
sekhari
86. dhyanadhimuktisampanna
87. advayadvayabhavini
88. sarvarthasadhanl
89. bhadra
90. strirupa
91. mitavikrama
92. buddhamargaIar darsanl
93. naamargapradarsan i
94. vaglsvari
95. mahasanti
96. goptrl
97. dhatri
98. dhanamdada
99. strlrupadhara1i
100. siddha
101. YOgInl
102. yoginisvari
103. manohari
104. mahakanti
105. subhaga
106. priyadarsani
107. sartha vahakrpadr

F
108. sarv atathagatatmak 1
118
The Buddhist Goddess Vasudhara
Notes
I.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
x.
I.
10.
II.
12.
13.
14.
Bhattacharyya, Benoytosh. (1958), The Indian Buddhist Iconography. Sec
ond edition. Revised and Enlarged with 357 Illustrations: Calcutta.
K.L. Mukhopadhyay. The first edition of this book was printed in 1924.
Ibid. p. 237.
Ibid. p. 244.
Ibid. p. 237.
Ibid. p. 47.
Ibid. p. 45.
Sidhanamili Volumes I and II edited by Benoytosh Bhattacharyya. Vol. 1.
Baroda 1925; Vol. II. Baroda 1928 (Gaekwad's Oriental Series. Nos. 26and
41).
Sidhanamili Vol. II. Nos. 21 3- 216 on pages 421 -423.
Ibid. Introduction pp.xiv, xxii, xxvii.
Ibid. Nos. 21 3,21 4,21 5.
Ibid. No. 216.
The Tibetan Trip4aka Peking edition kept in the library of the Otani Univer-
sity, Kyoto edited by Daisetz T. Suzuki, Tokyo-Kyoto. Tibetan Tripiaka Re
search Institute 1957. Vol. 80 No. 40 58. Nor-rgyunmaJi sgrub-thabs, trans
lated by Abhaya and Tshul-khrims rgyal-mtshan is a translation of Sidhanamili
No.21 3; Vol.80 No. 40 59. Nor-rgyun-maJj sgrub-thabs, translated by
A(bhaya) and Tshul-khrims rgyal-mtshan, Vo1.80 . No. 4170. Lha-mo nor
rgyun-gyi sgrub-thabs, translated by Don-yod-rdo-rje and Ba-ri-lo-tsa-ba,
Vo1.81. No.4426 Nar-rgyun-maJj sgrub-thabs, translated by Grags-pa rgyal
mtshan, and Vol. 81 . No. 447 8 Lha-mo nor-gyi rgyun-maJi-sgrub-thabs, the
translator's name of which is not given in the text,are translations of
Sidhanamili No.21 4; Vol. 80. No.4060. Nor-rgyun-maJj-sgrub-thabs, trans
lated by Danasriflana and Tshul-khrims rgyal-mtshan and Vol 81. No. 4427.
Nor-rgyun-maJi sgrub-thabs, translated by Grags-pa rgyal-mtshan are trans
lations of Sidhanamili No. 21 5; Vo1.80. No.4061. Nor-rgyun-maJj gzulis-kyi
man-liag translated by Da(nasrijflana) and Tshul-khrims rgyal-mtshan and
Vol 81 . No. 4428. Nor-rgyun-maJj gzuns-kyj-man-lag translated by Grags
pa rgyal-mtshan are translations of Sidhanamili No.216.
Tjbetan Trip4aka op.cit. Vol. 7. 341: lphags-pa nor- gyj - 19yUl1 ces-bya-
baJj gzuns.
Ibid. Vol. 81 . No. 4523: Dpal nor-rgyun-maJj sgrub-thabs.
15.
Ibid. Vol. 81. No. 4526: Dpal nor-rgyun-maJi bstod-pa.
16.
I
Ibid. Vol. 81 . No. 4525: DpaJ nor-rgyun-maJj smon-lam.
I
: Ibid. Vol. 87. No. 51 27: Nor-Jdsjn-maJj rtog-pa.
Ibid. Vol. 81. No. 4524: I)hags-ma 110r-rgyun-maJi mtshan-brgya-rtsa
brgyad-pa.
119
Ratna Handurukande
19.
20.
21.
24.
25.
2f.
27.
2K.
,0.
31.
32.
33.
35.
36.
37.
3K.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
Bhattacharyya, Benoytosh (1958) op. cit. pages 245, 290.
Ibid. p. 245 and figures 187 and 188 on page 291.
Mitra, Makar. Two metal Images from Nepal. Article No. 21 on pages ]27
and 128 in RLpafjaJi, a volume published in memory of O.C. Gangoly, edited
by Kalyan Kumar Ganguli and S.S Biswas. Published by the O.C. Gangoly
Memorial Society. Calcutta 1986.
Plate 61 in R iatjaIi the publication listed above.
Mitra, Makar op. cit. p.128 cites the publication of B.N. Mukheee, Vtlsudhara
(Bengali journal), Vaisakha 1367 (Bengali year), 4th year No. 1 pp. 4 and 5 as
the authority for this statement. However, the version of the Vasudhara
namas!ottarasata, the text and translation of which I give in this paper does
not contain a clear description of the six-armed form of Vasudhara.
Mironov, N.D. Catalogue of Indian Manuscripts in the Russian Public Li
brary. Collection of l.P Minaev and some others. Compiled by N.D. Mironov.
Fascicule I Published by the Russian Academy of Sciences. Petro grad 1918.
(This catalogue lists the manuscripts under sections: I Brahmanica, II Jinica
and III Buddhica). Nos. 277 and 303.
Klaus L. Janert herausgegeben, verzeichnet von N. Narasimhan Poti.
Verzeichnis der Orientalischen Hanschrien in Deutschland. Band 1,9. Indische
Handschr(fen Teil 9. Franz Steiner verlag GMBH Wiesbaden Stuttgart 1987 p.
3. 3752 A Hs. Or. 8181. Staatsbibliothek Preussischer Kulturbesitz Berlin.
Mironov, N.D. op. cit. No.277. folios Ib-4b. The script is Newari.
Ibid. No. 303. folios 1 b-4b. Script Newari. Date N. SaJvat 827 (1707)
Klaus L. Janert op. cit. Hs. Or 8181. folios I b-4b. Folio 1 b contains a mini
ature painting of a goddess, probably of Vasudhara.
AC oJlnamo bhagavatye alyasrivasudharayaj
mss. ()dhara ca.
A dharinj B dharc7ni
A tarani.
A bhtsjnjB bhtsani
B sadanft
A njdhana C njdhanam.
A yasasubhaB yasa!bhabha.
A maJni.
B krtantatra"
A raudrih B bhima.
B vana.
B adds: padmjni padmtdhira{1 padmisanamisani
A jagadaIkahl'tye vjdya B jagadalkahjta.
A ramo.
AB tar ani
A si!anj B sah'ni.
A dhyanadheyjni B dhyayani
120
7
J
47.
4X.
4'!.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
57.
5X.
(> .
63.
04.
r6
6X.
70.
71.
74.
75.
7f.
77.
7X.
7l.
xo.
XI.
X2.
X3.
X4.
X.,.
X7. ,.
xx.
Xl.
B omits.
A asam'B asani
A (Jdharani
A arudhi.
ABC taidhatLI'.
A adi
AB dh[lte.sv[l(J.
C vaineyakf
A dipini B dipini
AB klesncchedani
B bhindini
A guhynral BC gllhyarad
ABC cEtllbrL1) B viharn/11
C dharl1i
ABC kannndhiP.
A vis va.
A ()jvaiabhamd).
B sarvamaranam.
A k.rtaspa?{1i B (Jkrtasea{1i.
B dhyanyadllnukti' C dhanyadimukt().
A advayodvaya B advaynbhaVEl1i
B Iniipa.
A.fla.
B darsnnam.
A (JprmnardL?ni
A gopti.
B omits.
B dlul1wdada.
B tririparjha!jni Cstiipadhara{lI
A yogamisvnri
B mahahar
BC (Jli
C s;/Ubhagyn.
A (J vahak.1pav(sta!1 B vahacak!pav!tai
A n:Lnwhs.
A til BC stu.
A n(lIJwhs.
A nmmzi.
ABC stu.
C Inkaiam.
Aya.
C siddhi!:
The Buddhist Goddess Vasudhtrt
A jpsjtarthamanorathat B ipsjtmpsumanorathaz11.
121
Ratna Handurukande
lO.
ll.
l2.
l3.
l4.
l5.
n.
lX.
ll
I(X).
101.
102.
B ajfinitltaJp.
B antaryyisusudirunar.
A. sarvacchedayai pipam B. sarvvaifjayayiftati
A smarani B smaranit.
e .
A "bhaktikam.
B sa vajitP e
A cindeyavikas
sic. mss. metre!
A adds: idam avocad bhagavin.
vajapai bhifitam abhyanandan.
A "dhari B dhiriyif C sriiryavasudhariyi.
C sarva kfapayaty isu.
A nimistotarE B astottarasatanama C satakam.
B omits.
A Upta B llptaf C parisamiptar B adds: ye dharmmi hetuprabhavi hetu
tefi tathigata hy avad8t tefaf ca yo nirodh8 eVlvadi mahaSrlva[1rI.
Bibliography
I. Bhattacharyya, Benoytosh The Indian Buddhist Iconography. Second edi
tion. Revised and Enlarged with 357 Illustrations Calcutta. K.L.
Mukhopadhyay. 1958 (I Sl edition 1924).
2. SadhaJ1 mili Volumes I and II edited by Benoytosh Bhattacharyya. VoU
Baroda 1925; Vol. II Baroda 1928 (Gaekwad's Oriental Series, Nos. 26and
41 ).
3. The Tbetan Trip4aka Peking edition kept in the library of the Otani Univer
sity, Kyoto edited by Daisetz T. Suzuki, Tokyo-Kyoto. Tibetan Tripitaka Re
search Institue. 1957.
122
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