1/9/2014

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S
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Introduction to
Biotechnology
BIO181/3T 2013-2014/ajrodelas-angelia
Introduction to Biotechnology
S Define biotechnology in terms of the many scientific disciplines that
contribute to it (CO1, CO2)
S Differentiate classical from modern biotechnology. (CO1, CO2)
S List and describe different types of biotechnology and their
applications (CO1, CO2)
S Provide examples of current and historic applications of
biotechnology and its products. (CO3, CO4)
S Provide examples of potential advances in biotechnology and discuss
its impact to society (CO1, CO2, CO4)
http://proactiontranshuman.files.wordpress.com/2013/07/biot
echnology1.png
Biotechnology
is nothing new!!
It is as old as civilization and has helped man
prepare various foods and food products
www.canceractive.com
www.teagasc.ie
Copyright EMTecsonMendoza 2004, 2005
S

Fish and shrimps placed in brine
produce a tasty liquid, referred to as
patis and bagoong

Thirty-
ninemicroorganismsrepresenting11speciesofb
acteria,oneyeast,and three filamentous fungi
were isolated and identified from four
fermented fish sauces: nampla, patis, koami,
and ounago
http://aem.asm.org/content/29/1/106.full.pdf

Yeast is required to make leavened
bread, beer, cheese, wine, and
whiskey.
http://www.foodprocessing-
technology.com/projects/vilniausduona/vilniausduona
4.html
www.environmentalgraffiti.com
Biotechnology
We define biotechnology---as any biology-
based technology which uses organisms or
their parts to make or modify products, or
improve plants, animals and microorganisms
Copyright EMTecsonMendoza 2004, 2005
Biotechnology is "any technique that uses living
organisms or their products to make or modify a
product, to improve plants or animals, or to
develop microorganisms for specific uses."

-Office of Technology Assessment of the U.S. Congress
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http://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/history-of-agricultural-
biotechnology-how-crop-development-25885295
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cornselection.j
pg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sectio_caesarea.jpg
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http://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/history-of-agricultural-biotechnology-how-
crop-development-25885295
Artificial Selection Artificial Selection
http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evo_30
Advances in S & T have brought us more and
better applications of biotechnology in health
& medicine, food and agriculture, environment
and industry!
Tissue and cell culture
Orchids, bananas, papayas and
many other crops can be
multiplied and grown from tiny
sections to whole plants
Genes for synthesizing Vitamin
A from microorganism and
flower can be introduced into the
rice plant and be expressed in the
rice grain!


Copyright EMTecsonMendoza 2004, 2005
or genetic engineering---allows the transfer of
specific gene(s) [from the same or another
organism] to produce a new trait(s) in an
organism.

Why is it possible for a gene from an organism
to be introduced and integrated in the genetic
material of another organism, and also be
expressed?
Recombinant DNA technology
Copyright EMTecsonMendoza 2004, 2005
1/9/2014
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All organisms follow the basic
laws of genetics
Cells of different
organisms are
similar; cellular
constituents too.
Cells follow the
same physical
and chemical
laws.
Copyright EMTecsonMendoza 2004, 2005
S
The most complicated
computer in the world is
simple compared to the
functions of a corn plant
Herren, RV. Introduction to Biotechnology, 2013
Reference
Biotech Tutorial
Presentations. 2004, 2005
Evelyn Mae Tecson-Mendoza, PhD
Member, National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines
Research Professor, Institute of Plant Breeding
College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Baos
References
S http://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/history-of-
agricultural-biotechnology-how-crop-development-25885295.
Accessed Jan 7, 2013.
S http://science.howstuffworks.com/life/fungi/yeast-info.htm.
Accessed Jan 7, 2013
S Crisan and Sands. 1975.
http://aem.asm.org/content/29/1/106.full.pdf
S http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evo_30