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= = =
!
FJ0
0AA0
FJE
.
cs
5'nstructors note- 't is apparent in this case that the li$uids specific gravity is so close to that of
water that the conversion is somewhat academic. This is not always the case however4.
Low that we ha$e the proper $iscosity units! enter the chart :1igure 1< at the &ottom along the hori-
'ontal a,is with 2J0 gpm! go up to 1J0 %eet head line! o$er le%t or right :right in this e,ample<! to
the FJE cs line! and then up to the correction %actors cur$es. Pro2ect o$er hori'ontally to the le%t and
read the correction %actors-
C
.
P 0.D0 :the correction %actor %or capacity! dimensionless<
C
)
P 0.DF :the correction %actor %or head! dimensionless<
C
/
P 0.2F :the correction %actor %or hydraulic e%%iciency! dimensionless<
6nce determined for a particular application, how do ' use the correction factors?
#he %ollowing e(uations are used %or appro,imating the e(ui$alent water per%ormance when the re-
(uired $iscous capacity and head are 9nown and the $alues o% C
.
and C
)
ha$e &een determined-
.
.
C
)
)
C
W
"
.
W
"
)
= = and
+electing a Centri%ugal Pump to Handle a )iscous 3i(uid
2002-200A Randall . hitesides! CP"! P"
F
www.PDHcenter.com PDH Course M102 www.PDHonline.org
+electing a Centri%ugal Pump to Handle a )iscous 3i(uid
2002-200A Randall . hitesides! CP"! P"
A
www.PDHcenter.com PDH Course M102 www.PDHonline.org
here .
W
P the e(ui$alent water capacity! gpm
.
"
P the $iscous capacity! gpm
)
W
P the e(ui$alent water total dynamic head! %eet H
2
>
)
"
P the $iscous total dynamic head! %eet o% li(uid
/n our e,ample this translates to-
%eet 1A2
DF . 0
1J0
and gpm 0JD
D0 . 0
2J0
= = = =
W W
) .
6ased on these pseudo head and capacity $alues! commercially a$aila&le pump per%ormance cur$es
would &e researched to select a pump that can operate at these conditions and simultaneously
demonstrate the &est or highest hydraulic e%%iciency. 1or the purpose o% our e,ample! let us assume
that a suita&le pump is %ound %or the capacity :0JD gpm< and the head :1A2 %eet< re(uirements! and
that the per%ormance cur$e %or this pump indicates a hydraulic e%%iciency o% EFK at these condi-
tions. /n order to estimate our $iscous e%%iciency we need to employ a %ormula that uses the e%%i-
ciency correction %actor 5C
/
4 2ust determined %rom the chart :0.2F<-
/ / C
" W /
=
here /
"
P the resulting hydraulic e%%iciency! percent
/
W
P the water e%%iciency! percent
/n our e,ample this reduces to-
K 1A < 2F . 0 <: EF : = =
"
/
Low that we 9now the $iscous hydraulic e%%iciency! we can determine the re(uired power input to
the pump to trans%er this hypothetical li(uid. #he student may recall that hydraulic &ra9e
horsepower is gi$en &y-
&hp =
.)!
/ 0AE0
+electing a Centri%ugal Pump to Handle a )iscous 3i(uid
2002-200A Randall . hitesides! CP"! P"
10
www.PDHcenter.com PDH Course M102 www.PDHonline.org
here &hp P &ra9e horse power
. P capacity! gpm
) P total dynamic head! %eet o% li(uid
/ P hydraulic e%%iciency! e,pressed as a %raction
! P %luid speci%ic gra$ity! dimensionless! :water Q EF.BG 1 P1.0<
e will o% course use the $iscous :actual< $alues that were dictated &y the e,ample pro2ect speci%ic-
ations! not the pseudo $alues! and the $iscous e%%iciency. #he resulting re(uired power &ecomes!
hp J . BA
< 1A . 0 <: 0AE0 :
< AA0 . 0 <: 1J0 <: 2J0 :
&hp = =
5a 7+ hp motor would probably be selected4
Summary
)iscosity is a measure o% a %luid*s resistance to %low. Pumped li(uids are generally considered $is-
cous when their a&solute $iscosity e,ceeds B0 centipoise. #his is the point at which the e%%ect on
pump per%ormance &ecomes apprecia&le4 at 100 centipoise the e%%ect is pronounced.
; centri%ugal pump handling a $iscous li(uid must de$elop a greater capacity and head! and it re-
(uires a larger power input than the same pump handling water. hen the re(uired $iscous per-
%ormance o% a pump is 9nown! it is possi&le to select a pump with a greater pseudo water per%orm-
ance that will in turn produce the re(uired actual $iscous per%ormance. #his selection process is ac-
complished through #he Hydraulic /nstitute*s per%ormance correction charts which must &e used
with caution. #he charts should not &e used %or mi,ed-%low or a,ial %low pumps or pumps o% spe-
cial design. 8se o% the charts should &e limited to pumps handling uni%orm li(uids4 slurries! gels!
paper stoc9 and other &inary mi,tures will cause incorrect pump selections.
/n essence! the $iscosity correction %actors o&tained %rom #he %&!'()' ump !tandards ena&le the
"ngineer to deri$e the $iscous per%ormance cur$e o% a pump %rom its standard water per%orm-
ance cur$es.
+electing a Centri%ugal Pump to Handle a )iscous 3i(uid
2002-200A Randall . hitesides! CP"! P"
11