2nd Semester BVSC

DEFINITIONS
1. Acrocentric
2. Albinism
3. Allele
4. Allelomorph
5. Back crossing
6. Carrier
7. Chiasmata
8. Chromosome
9. Codominance
10. Coefficient of coincidence
11. Conjugation
12. Crossing over
13. Dihybrid
14. Diploid
15. Dominance
16. Duplication
17. Epistasis
18. Euploidy
19. Gene
20. Genetics
21. Genic balance theory
22. Genome
23. Genotype
24. Hemizygous
25. Heterozygous
26. Holandric trait
27. Homogametic
28. Homozygote
29. Homozygous
AGB 121: Principles Of Animal Genetics &
Population Genetics (2+1)

30. Idiogram
31. Inborn errors of metabolism
32. Inheritance
33. Interference
34. Karyotype
35. Law of segregation
36. Lethal gene
37. Linkage
38. Locus
39. Lyons hypothesis
40. Meiosis
41. Metacentric
42. Modifying genes
43. Monohybrid
44. Monosomic
45. Multihybrid
46. Mutation
47. Penetrance
48. Phenotype
49. Plasmids and episomes
50. Pleiotropy
51. Ploidy
52. Recessive
53. Segregation
54. Segregation
55. Sex reversal
56. Sex reversal
57. Sex-influenced traits
58. Sex-linked gene
59. Synapsis
60. Test cross
61. Trait
62. Transcription

63. Transduction
64. Transformation
65. Transgenesis
66. Transgressive variation
67. Translation
68. Translocation

SHORT ANSWER
1. Allozygosity and Autozygosity
2. Auto sexing in poultry
3. Autopolyploids and allopolyploids
4. Back cross
5. Bacterial Genetics
6. Centromere
7. Chiasma
8. Chromosome morphology
9. Co-dominance
10. Coefficient of coincidence
11. Creeper condition in poultry
12. Crisscross inheritance
13. Crossing over
14. Deletion
15. Determination of sex in Drosophila
16. Develpomental Genetics
17. Difference between mitosis and meiosis
18. Differentiate qualitative and quantitative traits

19. Differentiation of homozygote and heterozygote by test cross
20. Dominant epistasis
21. Endoplasmic reticulum
22. Epigenesis
23. Epistasis
24. Factors affecting classic F
2
dibybrid ratio of 9:3:3:1
25. Genic balance theory
26. Germplasm theory
27. Haemophilia
28. Heterogametic and homogametic sexes in mammals and birds
29. Holandric genes
30. Homozygote
31. Incomplete dominance
32. Incomplete penetrance
33. Inheritance of colour blindness
34. Interaction of genes
35. Law of independent assortment
36. Law of random assortment
37. Law of segregation
38. Lethal genes
39. Mitosis
40. Modified monohybrid ratio
41. Modifying genes
42. Morphology of chromosomes
43. Multiple alleles

44. Multiple factor inheritance
45. Nucleus
46. Pangenesis
47. Parthenogenesis
48. Phenocopy
49. Pleiotropy
50. Polytene chromosome
51. Position effect
52. Reasons for success of Mendels experiment
53. Recessive epistasis
54. Reciprocal translocation
55. Recombinantion in Bacteria
56. Robertsonian translocation
57. Salient findings of Mendel
58. Sex-influenced inheritance
59. Sex-limited inheritance
60. Sex-linked inheritance
61. Significance of meiosis
62. Test cross
63. Test cross of a dihybrid F
1

64. Tetraploids
65. Transformation
66. Transgressive variation
67. Translocation
68. Variable expressivity

69. Y-linked inheritance
70. Zygotene
71. Applications of Hardy -Weinberg Law
72. Attainment of genetic equilibrium for linked genes
73. Average effect of a gene
74. Breeding value
75. Coefficient of selection.
76. Degree of dominance
77. Differentiate between fitness and coefficient of selection
78. Dominance
79. Effect of non-recurrent mutation on gene frequency.
80. Effective population size
81. Effective population size and rate of inbreeding.
82. Environmental deviation
83. Fitness
84. Frequency of carriers
85. Gene and genotype frequencies
86. Genetic drift / Random drift
87. Halfsibs and fullsibs
88. Heritability
89. Heritability in the narrow sense
90. Intensity of selection
91. Interaction deviation
92. Linkage disequilibrium
93. Metric characters

94. Migration and change of gene frequency
95. Mutation
96. Non-random mating
97. Phenotypic value
98. Population mean
99. Significance of genetic variation
100. Systematic forces
101. Variance
102. Zygotic frequency
103. Attainment of genetic equilibrium for linked genes
104. Average effect of gene
105. Complete selection against a recessive gene
106. Different methods of estimating heritability
107. Dispersive process
108. Effective population size
109. Estimation of carriers
110. Factors affecting genotypic frequencies
111. Genetic and environmental components of variance
112. Genetic variance
113. Genotype x environment interaction
114. Heritability estimation by sib analyses
115. ldealised population
116. Inheritance pattern of sex-linked genes.
117. Metric characters
118. Migration and change of gene frequency

119. Partitioning of genotypic value.
120. Partitioning of phenotypic variance.
121. Population mean
122. Properties and applications of Hardy-Weinberg Law
123. Quantitative characters
124. Random drift
125. Repeatability
126. Resemblance between relatives
127. Selection favouring heterozygotes
128. Sex-linked genes and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
129. Variance / Covariance
130. Write the type of inheritance and the chromosome pairs of the following:
Roan colour in cattle
White eye in Drosophila
Walnut comb in poultry
Waltzing gait in mice
Himalayan colour in rabbits
Cattle
Swamp buffalo
Sheep
Goat Horse

131. Write the chromosome number (2n) of the following animals
Cattle
Buffalo
Sheep
Goat
Pig
Horse
Fruit fly
chicken

132. Write the monumental discoveries of the following scientists
Mendel
Darwin
Morgan
Watson and Crick
Wilmot
What is the F
2
Ratio of the following crosses:
Monohybrid
Dihybrid
Dominant epistasis
Recessive epistasis
Incomplete dominance
Dihybrid cross with lack of dominance in one pair of genes
Dihybrid cross with lack of dominance in both pairs of genes
Dominant and recessive epistasis
Duplicate dominant epistasis
Duplicate recessive epistasis
What is the mode of inheritance of the following conditions
Roan colour in Shorthorn cattle
Albino rats
Haemophila in man
White coat colour in dogs
Cock feathering in poultry
Baldness in man
Feathered shanks in poultry
Short spine in cattle

133. What is the type of inheritance of the following:
Roan colour in cattle
Sickle cell anaemia in man
Short spine in cattle
Croper condition in poultry
Haemophilia in man
Waltzing gait in mouse
Deafness in man
Baldness in man
Beard in man
Blue colour in Andalusian fowl
Rh blood group in human

134. Name the following Scientists
Who proposed the theory of Larmarckism
Who proposed the theory of Germplasm
German scientist who rediscovered the finding of Mendel
Who proposed the theory of linkage and crossingover
Who discovered the ABO blood groups
Who identified non-disjunction condition in Drosophila.
Who proposed the use and disuse theory?
Who proposed the preformation theory?
Who proposed the encasement theory?
Who proposed the mutation theory?
Write the chromosome number of
! Drosophila
! Cattle
! Buffalo and
! Goat

135. Distinguish and differentiate of the following:
Autotetraploids and allotetraploids
Incomplete dominance
X-linked traits
Genetic code
CIB method

136. State the conditions in which the following F
2
ratios occur
9:3:3:1 -
1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:1 -
15:1 -
9:7 -
12:3:1
9:3:4

"##$%#

1. Linkage is an exception to independent assortment and crossover is an exception to
linkage. Discuss.
2. Classify chromosomal aberrations. Discuss in detail about translocations and its
significance in animal breeding.
3. Classify the chromosomal aberrations in animals and briefly describe them. Also
indicate their importance.
4. Explain about cytoplasmic inheritance giving examples.
5. Define multiple alleles and illustrate with a suitable example in animals.
6. Define multiple gene inheritance and discuss the differences between qualitative
inheritance and quantitative trait inheritance.
7. Define the laws of heredity and explain in detail about dominant epistasis and
recessive epistasis.
8. Define the laws of inheritance and explain the modifications of dihybrid ratio with
less than four phenotypes.
9. Draw the diagram of a typical eukaryotic cell along with important cell organelles.
Describe the functions of each.
10. How epistasis differs from dominance? Explain recessive epistasis with a suitable
example.
11. Explain the inheritance of linked genes with an example
12. Explain the inheritance of polygenes
13. Name the conditions in which the Mendels classical dihybrid ratio is modified?
Illustrate your answer with an example for duplicate recessive epistasis.
14. What are sex-linked genes? How their mode of inheritance is different from that of
autosomes? How this principle is used for autosexing of poultry?
15. What is complementary interaction of genes? Illustrate with a suitable example in
domestic fowl.

16. What is crossing over? Describe the mechanism of crossing over.
17. What is epistasis? Classify epistasis. Describe duplicate recessive epistasis with a
suitable example.
18. What is mutation and discuss about the causes of mutation.
19. What is sex-linked inheritance? Describe with an example in Drosophila
melanogaster. List important features of sex-linked inheritance.
20. State Hardy-Weinberg Law. Prove the constancy of gene and genotype frequencies
under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
21. Define breeding value. What are the components of phenotypic value and
phenotypic variance of a character influenced by many genes and environment?
22. Does the dispersive process affect the Hardy-Weinberg Law? If so, how? Discuss.
23. Discuss the components of variance and how will you partition?
24. In a large random mating population both the gene frequency and the genotype
frequency are constant from generation to generation in the absence of migration,
mutation and selection. Explain.
25. Define heritability. Discuss the various methods of estimating heritability. Explain
how knowledge of heritability is helpful in selection.
26. Discuss in detail the effect of complete selection against recessives on gene
frequency in a population.
27. What is dispersive process? Discuss the consequences of dispersive process. How
inbreeding is related to sampling variance?
28. What is selection? Discuss the concepts involved in selection. How selection affects
gene frequency when complete selection is practised against recessive
homozygotes?
29. What is mutation? What are the different types of mutations with respect to their
direction and occurrence? Discuss their effect on the change of gene frequency in a
population.

30. What is selection? Discuss the attainment of equilibrium when there is selection
favouring heterozygotes.
31. Define recurrent mutation. Describe the attainment of equilibrium when there is
mutation of a gene in both directions in a population.
32. What do you mean by genetic equilibrium? Describe how a panmictic population
remains in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
33. a) What is effective population size? Give the formulae for estimating effective
population size (Ne) and D F in real populations under different situations. b) There
are 200 cows and 2 bulls in a dairy herd. Estimate the effective size of the
population and interpret the result obtained.
34. What is panmixia? Describe Hardy-Weinberg law and its operation in a panmictic
population. What are the applications of the Hardy-Weinberg law?
35. What are systematic processes? Describe the consequences of selection favouring
heterozygotes with suitable example.
36. What is repeatability? What is the principle involved in the estimation of
repeatability? Describe the uses of repeatability. Give the repeatability estimates for
any four important economic traits.
37. What are systematic processes? Describe how the migration and recurrent mutation
causes change in gene frequency.
38. How the change of gene frequency (q) and frequency of recessive allele (q) at
equilibrium due to mutation are estimated?
39. Define population mean. Discuss the components of phenotypic value and
phenotypic variance of a character influenced by many genes and environment.
40. Classify chromosomal abberations. Discuss in detail about the translocations and its
significance in animal breeding.
41. Classify the chromosomal aberrations of animals and briefly describe them. Also
indicate their importance.
42. Define lethal genes. Explain type of inheritance in a sex-linked recessive lethal
condition.

43. Define multiple alleles and illustrate with suitable example in farm animals.
44. Define multiple gene inheritance and distinguish the differences between qualitative
trait inheritance and quantitative trait inheritance.
45. Define practical Heredity. Explain the relative merits of Drosophila melanogaster as
an experimental material for the study of practical heredity.
46. Define the laws of inheritance and explain the modifications of dihybrid ratio with
less than four phenotypes.
47. Distinguish the differences between mitosis and meiosis.
48. Draw the diagram of a typical eukaryotic cell along with important cell organelles.
Describe the functions of each.
49. How epistasis differs from dominance? Explain recessive epistasis with an example.
50. Inheritance of colour blindness in human
51. Modifications in two pair ratio due to lack of dominance in one pair of genes.
52. Name the conditions in which the Mendels classical dihybrid ratio is modified?
Illustrate your answer with an example for duplicate recessive epistasis.
53. What are sex-linked genes? How their mode of inheritance in different from that of
autosomes? How this principle is used for autosexing of poultry?
54. What is complementary interaction of genes? Illustrate with a suitable example in
domestic fowl.
55. What is epistasis? How various phenotypes are formed in dominant epistasis and
explain with suitable examples.
56. Write in detail about gene mutation.
MODEL QUESTION PAPER-INTERNAL EVALUATION EXAM FOR B.V.Sc.&A.H.
DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY, MADRAS VETERINARY COLLEGE

LPM 121 FODDER PRODUCTION AND GRASSLAND MANAGEMENT (1+1)

TIME : 9.00 AM TO 12.00 Noon MAX.MARKS:100

PART A : OBJECTIVE TYPE 40 marks
a) Fill up the blanks 25 x 0.5 = 12.5
1. Botanical name of butterfly pea is
2. Bio fertilizer suitable for legume fodders is ..
3. Hedge Lucerne is harvested every .. days and number of harvests in one year is
..times.
4. Fodder maize belongs to the plant family .
5. Under silvipasture . grass may be recommended for growing with Acacia tortilis
6. Agrostology refers to the study of .

7. Good silage will be ready to feed within . months.

8. Average green fodder yield of Guinea grass is t / ha and that of Fodder Sorghum is

.t /ha
9. The total requirement of green fodder in India is million tonnes where as the availability is
.. million tonnes.
10. Grass fodder highly suitable for drought prone area is ...
11. Growing of Buffel grass in the existing Coconut orchard is termed as .. system of
Agroforestry.
12. Right time of first harvest of Hybrid Napier is . days after sowing and the subsequent cut is
done once in ..days
13. The optimum level of moisture content in the well-prepared hay should be %.
14. Two important physical factors that cause loss of feed and feed ingredients in storage are
. and .
15. Fodder Maize belongs to the plant family.. where as Lucerne belongs to the plant
family.
16. Grass fodders contain more of .., while the legume group of fodders contain
more of
17. The botanical name of Soobabul is ..., which contains a
toxic substance namely.

b) Write True or False 25 x 0.5 = 12.5
1. Stylo can be recommended for dry regions. ()
2. Wastelage is a form of preserved fodder under anaerobic condition. ()
3. Hedge Lucerne is a perennial legume fodder ()
4. Hybrid Napier grass is propagated through seeds and the seed rate is 2.5 kg/ha. ()
5. Warferin is a toxic alkaloid present in Fodder Cumbu ()
6. The anti quality constituent present in Fodder Sorghum is Mimosine ()
7. Acid treatment of fodder seeds having thick seed coat increases germination. ()
8. Waste paper can also be considered as a Scarcity fodder ()
9. Silage is a form of preserved fodder under anaerobic conditions. ()
10. The moisture content in the green fodder should be brought down to 40 - 45 % for
proper preparation of very good silage ()
11. Sugarcane tops and leaves can be recommended for feeding to the livestock. ()
12. Carotene content in Hay is more than that of Silage ()
13. Many of the legume fodders fix atmospheric nitrogen in the root nodules. ()
14. Sehima Dicanthium grass cover is highly unpalatable ()
15. Limestone is used as silage additive. ()
16. Stylo is an ideal intercrop for Fodder maize ()
17. Pollarding is a method of harvesting tree fodders ()
18. Hamil is a variety of Para grass. ()
19. Cenchrus is an ideal pasture grass for improving the grassland. ()
20. The optimum level of moisture for storing the feed and feed ingredients is 15 % ()
21. Average green fodder yield of Fodder maize var. African Tall is 42 tonnes/ha. ()
22. In India, the forage production is in excess of the actual demand. ()
23. Quartering is a method practiced once in 60 days in Hybrid Napier grass ()
24. Seed rate for sowing Subabul for fodder purpose is 2 kg / hectare ()
25. Hedge lucerne intercropped with Hybrid Napier grass is the ideal recommended
Practice for irrigated conditions ()

c) Choose the best answer (Underline the correct answer) 10 x 0.5 = 5.0
1. Which of the following is an annual legume fodder
a. Fodder Sorghum b. Stylo
c. Cowpea d. Desmodium
2. A perennial legume fodder suitable for dry area
a. Lucerne b.Hedge lucerne c. Cowpea d.Stylo

3. Horti pasture refers to growing of
a. Ber + Stylo b. Coconut + Subabul + Ruzigrass
c. Albizia lebeke + Cenchrus. d. Subabul + Cenchrus
4. Which of the following has more Crude protein content
a. Anjan grass b. Sorghum silage
c. Subabul d. Desmodium
5. The ideal moisture content of the well processed hay should be
a) 20 % b) Less than 15 % c) Less than 10 % d) 5 %
6. A perennial legume fodder suitable for intercropping with Hybrid Napier grass is
a. Lucerne b.Hedge lucerne c. Cowpea d.Stylo
7. Poor silage contains
a) More of Lactic acid b) More of Butyric acid c) More of Carotene c) More of Urea
8. Biofertilizer that releases unavailable phosphorus in the soil to make it available to the roots is
a) Phosphobacterium b) Azatobacter c) Rhizobium d) Azospirillum
9. Fodder crops like Maize cut at flowering stage, dried to 65% moisture and stored in an anaerobic
conditions results in
a) Hay b) Silage c) Haylage d) Stovers
10. Which one of the following gives the maximum yield of green fodder?
a) Maize var. African Tall b) Lucerne var Co.1
c) Guinea grass var Hamil d ) Hybrid Napier grass var Co.3

d) Match the following (Write the correct alphabet in brackets In column (2) 10 x 0.5 = 5.0

(1) (2) (3)
Berseem ( ) a. Berseem
Hay ( ) b. Hay
Co.F.S. 29 ( ) c. Co.F.S. 29
Para grass ( ) d. Para grass
Russian Giant ( ) e. Russian Giant
Baby corn ( ) f. Baby corn
Molasses ( ) g. Molasses
Cenchrus ciliaris ( ) h. Cenchrus ciliaris
Quartering ( ) i. Quartering
Centro ( ) j. Centro

e) Define the following (Answer not more than 2 -3 lines) 10 x 0.5 = 5.0
1. Hay
2. Roughage
3. Mixed farming
4. Hortipasture
5. Carrying capacity
6. Agroforestry
7. Quartering
8. ACU
9. Bio fertilizers
10. Seed treatment
PART B : SUBJECTIVE TYPE 60 marks
a) Write short answers on any five of the following 5 x 4 = 20
1. Desirable characteristics of a Fodder crop
2. Legume fodders
3. Rotational grazing
4. Additives used for ensiling
5. Losses of nutrients in hay making
6. Scarcity fodders
b) Write an essay on any four of the following 4 x 10 = 40
1. a. Define Silage. b. Explain in detail the steps involved in the preparation of forage for silage making,
method of filling and sealing of silo c. Enumerate the quality characteristics of silage.
2. a. What is the condition of pastureland in our country? b. What are the steps you suggest to rejuvenate a poor
pasture land? c. Explain Deferred cum Rotational grazing
3. a. How grass fodders are propagated? b. Write the agronomical practices for growing Hybrid Napier grass.
c. Write the Seed rate, Fertilizer dose, Spacing and Green fodder yield of fodder Maize.
4. a. What are the storage losses of feed and feed ingredients? b. Explain the physical and biological factors
responsible for the loss. c. Write the control measures to prevent those losses.
5. Define forage b. Write the various methods of forage classification. c. Cite any five examples in each along
with botanical names.

ALL THE BEST

ANN 121: Applied Animal
Nutrition-I (2+1)

1. In ruminant digestion trials, collection period (days) followed is
a. 2 - 3 b. 10 - 12
c. 5 - 7 d. none ( )

2. Amount of gases (litres / day) produced in the rumen of a dairy cow is
a. 150 - 200 b. 50 - 75
c. 500 - 600 d. 10 - 20 ( )

3. As per BIS specifications, Type I mineral mixture contains
a. 18 % Ca b. 9 % phosphorus
c. Both a and b d. none ( )

4. External indicator / marker is
a. lignin b. sand and silica
c. chromic oxide d. both a & b ( )

5. In ruminants, the ME is calculated from DE by multiplying
a. 0.99 b. 0.75
c. 0.65 d. 0.82 ( )

ANN 121 Applied Nutrition I (Ruminants)
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable word (s)
1. Urea
2. Diluted acetic acid / vinegar / cold water
3. 20 %
4. Sodium bicarbonate / magnesium oxide
5. 3.0 (10 % of body weight)
6. 122
7. 2.5 3.0 %
8. 20 %
9. Flushing
10. 3.0 %

II State whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE

1. True
2. True
3. True
4. False
5. True
6. False
7. False
8. True
9. True
10. True

III Match the following

1 Ammonium chloride Urinary calculi
2 Propylene glycol ketosis
3 Metabolic faecal nitrogen 0.3 0.5 g / 100 DM intake
4 CNCPS Cornell University, USA
5 Formaldehyde treated
mustard cake
protected protein

IV Choose the best answer
1. C
2. A
3. C
4. C
5. D
*************************************************************************


1. RUSITEC means __________________________________________
2. One Kg TDN = _______________ Mcal of DE.
3. Brewers grain waste available after fermentation contains ____________ % crude
protein.
4. Ruminants get Vitamin A from __________________ which is abundant in green
fodders.
5. The dietary requirement of vitamin __________ increases if dairy cattle are not
exposed to
sun light.
6. Tamarind seed meal contains _____________ % crude protein.
7. kellner and Armsby feeding standards were based on _____________ energy system.
8. In Northern parts of India, the commonly used legume fodder along with wheat straw is
____________________________.
9. Expand ICAR_____________________________________.
10 Maximum permissible level of moisture in mineral mixtures is _________ as per BIS.

1. Particle size of feeds affects the digestibility in ruminants ( )
2. Fats and oils provide more energy than carbohydrates because they
contain more carbon and hydrogen. ( )
3. Efficiency of utilization of feed energy for milk production is better in
crossbred animals as compared to local breeds ( )
4. Nitrogen balance method can be used for estimating protein
requirement of ruminants. ( )
5. Feeding of sugarcane tops to pregnant cattle leads to abortion ( )
6. Digestibility coefficient of nutrients of a feed will be lower on high
level of feeding. ( )
7. Nutrient requirements of small ruminants of NRC was released in 2007 ( )
8. NE value of feeds depends on the purpose for which the energy is used ( )
9. Glycerol can be fed to dairy cattle suffering from ketosis ( )
10. Methionine hydroxyl analogs may be fed to high yielding dairy cows
to meet out the methionine requirement. ( )


1 Sal seed meal a Animal proteins
2 Monensin b Immunoglobulin
3 Colostrum c Cows milk colour
4 Beta carotenes d Feed additive
5 Milk replacers & calf starters e tannins


1 Application of nitrogen fertilizers in excess to forage crops leads to
a. nitrate poisoning b. vitamin A deficiency
c. Both a & b d. none ( )

2 Amount of feed energy lost as methane in ruminants is
a. 5 8 % b. 20 25 %
c. 40 50 % d. 3 4 % ( )

3 Protected proteins contain
a. more RDP b. more UDP
c. more ADF d. none ( )

4 Bioavailability of minerals is high from
a. inorganic sources b. organic source
c. both a & b d. none ( )

5 Rice bran is a good source of
a. Calcium b. Vitamin B
12

c. Vitamin A d. Phosphorus ( )

ANN 121 Applied Nutrition I (Ruminants) 30 marks
1. Rumen simulation technique
2. 3.56 or 3.6
3. 24 28 %
4. Beta carotenes
5. Vitamin D
6. 14 17 %
7. Net / production value
8. Berseem
9. Indian Council of Agricultural Research
10. 5.0 %


1. True
2. True
3. True
4. True
5. False
6. True
7. True
8. True
9. True
10. True


1 Sal seed meal tannins
2 Monensin Feed additive
3 Colostrum Immunoglobulin
4 Beta carotenes Cows milk colour
5 Milk replacers & calf
starters
Animal proteins

1. C
2. A
3. B
4. B
5. D


Q.I Fill up the blanks with appropriate word (s)
11. EUN excretion depends on ____________________ in ruminants.
12. _____________________________ can be administered as a first aid in case of
urea poisoning.
13. Bye-pass protein feed should contain __________ % UDP (min) and 9 % RDP.

14. ____________________ is used as a buffer in the ration of high yielding dairy
cows.

15. The DM intake in goats is ____________________% of body weight.
16. A crossbreed cow in first lactation needs ______________ % of nutrients as an
extra allowance.
17. The practice of increasing the nutrient intake in ewes prior to mating (breeding
season) is called as ________________________.
18. Urea is added in the concentrate mixture at a level of _____________ %.
19. Expand the term BIS ____________________________________.
20. one kg TDN = ______________________ Mcal of ME.
21. _______________________ requirement is more for wool growth in sheep.
22. Ether extract content of rice polish is _____________________.
23. ___________ % of salt is added in the compounded feed of dairy cattle.
24. Efficiency of conversion of ME into NE in lactating cows is ________________.
25. ________________________ is the feeding standard adopted in USA.
26. Feed blocks containing both roughage and concentrates are called as----.
27. Protein content of mulberry leaves is _______________________-.
28. __________________ is an internal indicator used in digestion trials.
29. RUSITEC means _____________________________________.
30. Additional nutritional allowance for pregnancy is required during last
__________________ months of gestation in dairy cows.
Q II Choose the appropriate answer

6. In ruminant digestion trials, collection period (days) adopted is
a. 2 - 3 b. 10 - 12
c. 5 - 7 d. none ( )

7. Total quantity of gases (litres / day) produced in the rumen of a dairy cow is
a. 200 - 250 b. 50 - 75
c. 500 - 600 d. 10 - 20 ( )

8. As per BIS specifications, Type I mineral mixture contains
a. 18 % Ca b. 9 % phosphorus
c. Both a and b d. none ( )

9. Antioxidant(s) used in the compounded feeds is
a. ethoxyquin b. Vitamin E & selenium
c. Both a & b d. None ( )

10. In ruminants, the ME is calculated from DE by multiplying
a. 0.99 b. 0.75
c. 0.65 d. 0.82 ( )

11. Efficiency of utilization of dietary calcium for milk production is
a. 20 30 % b. 55 65 %
c. 90 95 % d. none ( )

12. DCP and TDN requirement (in grams) for one kg of 4.0 % FCM is
a. 45 & 315 b. 2.84 & 35
c. 65 & 450 d. 50 & 500 ( )

13. Fish meal is adulterated with
a. salt b. urea
c. sand d. all ( )

14. Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute (IGFRI) of ICAR is located in
a. New Delhi b. Bangalore
c. Hyderabad d. Jhansi ( )

15. As per BIS, acid insoluble ash content permitted in Type I compounded feed is
a. 3.0 % b. 5.0 %
c. 7.0 % d. 10.0 % ( )

Q.III Match the following

1 Ammonium chloride a protected protein
2 Fats and oils b Cornell University, USA
3 MFN in cattle c Low heat increment
4 CNCPS d 3.5 g per kg DM intake
mustard cake
e Urinary calculi

6 Nylon bag technique f Experimental designs
7 CRD & RBD g bloat
8 ARC h Glycerol, propylene glycol
9 saponins i UK
10 ketosis j In Sacco / semi invivo method

1. body weight / body size 2. acetic acid / vinegar / cold water 3. 20 % 4. Sodium
bicarbonate / magnesium oxide 5. 4 6 % 6. 20 % 7. flushing 8. 2-3 %
9. Beauro of Indian Standard 10. 3.56 or 3.6 11. sulphur 12. 2.0 % 13. 12 14
% 14. 60 65 % 15. NRC 16. TMR / complete ration 17. 16 18 %
18. silica / acid insoluble ash / lignin 19. Rumen Simulation Technique 20. two

II. Choose the best answer
1. c 2. a 3. c 4. c 5. d
6. b 7. b 8. d 9. d 10. a

1 Ammonium chloride Urinary calculi
2 Fats and oils Low heat increment
3 MFN in cattle 3.5 g per kg DM intake
4 CNCPS Cornell University, USA
5 Formaldehyde treated mustard cake protected protein
6 Nylon bag technique In Sacco / semi invivo method
7 CRD & RBD Experimental designs
8 ARC UK
9 saponins bloat
10 ketosis Glycerol, propylene glycol

Q.I Fill up the blanks with appropriate word (s)

1. MFN excretion depends on ____________________ in ruminants.
2. _____________________________ can be administered as a first aid in case of
urea poisoning.
3. Bye-pass protein feed should contain __________ % UDP (min) and 9 % RDP.

cows.

5. The DM intake in sheep is ____________________% of body weight.
6. Urea is added in the concentrate mixture at a level of _____________ %.
7. Expand the term NRC ____________________________________.
8. one kg TDN = ______________________ Mcal of DE.
9. _______________________ requirement is more for wool growth in sheep.
10. ___________ % of salt is added in the compounded feed of dairy cattle.
11. Feed blocks containing both roughage and concentrates are called as
____________________________.
12. Protein content of Agathi (Sesbania) leaves is _______________________-.
13. __________________ is an internal indicator used in digestion trials.
14. RUSITEC means _____________________________________.
15. Body fat contains __________________ % carbon.
16. RQ means ______________________________--.
17. The other name for over eating disease in sheep is _____________________.
18. __________________ g DCP and _________________ g TDN are required for
maintenance of goats.
19. Decorticated tamarind seed meal contains ______________ crude protein.

Q II Choose the appropriate answer

1. The nutrient which is dietary essential and not metabolic essential for ruminants
a. Vitamin K b. cobalt
c. selenium d. none ( )

2. Green house gas
a. CO
2
b. CH
4

c. Both a & b d. O
2
( )

3. The trans fatty acid produced in the rumen which is shortly called as CLA
a. Conjugated linoleic acid b. Conjugated linolenic acid
c. Conjugated lactic acid d. none ( )

4. TDN is a measure of
a. energy value b. protein quality
c. digestibility of DM d. None ( )

5. Excess lipids / oils in the ration of ruminants affect the digestibility of
a. trace elements b. fibre
c. NFE d. none ( )
6. Efficiency of utilization of dietary calcium for milk production is
a. 20 30 % b. 55 65 %
c. 90 95 % d. none ( )

7. DCP and TDN requirement (in grams) for one kg of 4.0 % FCM in cows is
a. 45 & 315 b. 2.84 & 35
c. 65 & 450 d. 50 & 500 ( )

8. Pellet binder is
a. Bentonites b. charcoal
c. Vegetable oils d. none ( )

9. Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute (IGFRI) of ICAR is located in
a. New Delhi b. Bangalore
c. Hyderabad d. Jhansi ( )

10. Normal level of inclusion of molasses in dairy cattle ration is
a. 3.0 % b. 50 %
c. 30.0 % d. 10.0 % ( )


1 Protozoa a Protected protein
2 Fats and oils b Urea & molasses
3 MFN in cattle c Rancidity
4 UMMB d 3.5 g per kg DM intake
mustard cake
e Defaunation

6 Nylon bag technique f Experimental designs
7 CRD & RBD g Bloat
8 BIS h Alumino silicates
9 saponins i Formerly ISI.
10 Toxin binders j In Sacco / semi invivo method

1DM intake 2. acetic acid / vinegar / cold water 3. 20 % 4. Sodium bicarbonate
/ magnesium oxide 5. 3 5 % 6. 2 - 3 % 7. National Research Council (USA) 8. 4.4
9. sulphur 11. TMR / complete ration 12. 24- 28 % 13. . silica / acid
insoluble ash 14. Rumen Simulation Technique 15. 72 75 % 16. Respiratory
Quotient
17. Enterotoxemia 18. 3.0 & 30 19. 15 17 %.

II. Choose the best answer
1. b 2. c 3. a 4. a 5. b
6. b 7. b 8. a 9. d 10. d

1 Protozoa Defaunation
2 Fats and oils Rancidity
3 MFN in cattle 3.5 g per kg DM intake
4 UMMB Urea & molasses
5 Formaldehyde treated mustard cake Protected protein
6 Nylon bag technique In Sacco / semi invivo method
7 CRD & RBD Experimental designs
8 BIS Formerly ISI.
9 saponins Bloat
10 Toxin binders Alumino silicates


1. In purified diet, carbohydrate and minerals are supplemented as ___________and
________________________, respectively.
2. Basal heat production is related to __________ and is expressed by the equation
_____________ .
3. Sen and Ray feeding standard is based on ___________________ feeding
standard.
4. The practice of increasing the nutrient intake in ewes prior to mating is called as
________________________.
5. A cross bred cow in first lactation needs _________ % of nutrients as extra
allowance for body growth.
6. Chromic oxide is an example of __________________ indicator.
7. The % of DCP in Calf starter should be ___________ .
8. By-pass protein feed should contain __________ % UDP (min) and 9 % RDP.
9. __________ g of calcium is required per kg of 4% FCM in dairy cattle.
10. Efficiency utilization of microbial protein in dairy cattle is __________ %.

a. State whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE

b. Urea can be supplement to ruminants up to 3 % of the compounded feed.
c. Apparent digestibility of feed is less than true digestibility.
d. Male animal are preferred to female for conducting digestion and
metabolic trials.
e. High proportion of forage in the ration of dairy cattle result in low milk fat.
f. High level of feeding results in low digestibility.
g. NRC is an feeding standard followed in USA.
h. The TDN value of certain feedstuffs can exceed 100 %.
i. The quantity of milk, a calf may be allowed to drink or suckle is about
1/10th of its body weight during first month of age.
j. Crushing of grains is essential for the feeding of sheep and goats.
k. Vitamin D requirement is more for dairy cattle reared under intensive
system without exposure to sunlight.
l. Goats digest poor quality roughages better than sheep.
m. Efficiency of use of ME for live weight gain during lactation is the same as
that for milk production.

II. Match the following

1 Calcium requirement Starch equivalent
2 Endogenous urinary nitrogen Enterotoxaemia
3 Metabolic faecal nitrogen Protected protein
4 Kellner Cornell University, USA
5 Formaldehyde treated mustard cake Unconventional feed
6 CNCPS Ketosis
7 Overeating disease 2.2 g per kg FCM
8 Tea waste Urinary calculi
9 Propylene glycol 0.02 0.03 g / kg BW
10 Ammonium chloride Grazer
11 Goat 0.3 0.5 g / 100 DM intake
12 Sheep Browser

V Fill in the blanks

1. Starch or glucose or sucrose, chemically pure salts 2. Metabolic body weight, 70 W
0.75

3. Morrison 4.Flushing 5. 20 % 6. External indicator 7. 19 -19.5%
8. 20 % 9. 2.2 2.4 10. 65 70 %.

VI TRUE or FALSE

a. True b. True c. True d. False e. True
f. True g. True h. True i. True j. True
k. True l. True

VII Match the following

1 Calcium requirement Starch equivalent 4
2 Endogenous urinary nitrogen Enterotoxaemia 7
3 Metabolic faecal nitrogen Protected protein 5
4 Kellner Cornell University, USA 6
5 Formaldehyde treated mustard cake Unconventional feed 8
6 CNCPS Ketosis 9
7 Overeating disease 2.2 g per kg FCM 1
8 Tea waste Urinary calculi 10
9 Propylene glycol 0.02 0.03 g / kg BW 2
10 Ammonium chloride Grazer 12
11 Goat 0.3 0.5 g / 100 DM intake 3
12 Sheep Browser 11

1. The desirable ratio of N to S in ruminant feed is ___________ for proper
utilization of NPN compounds.
2. Animals fed paddy straw should be supplemented with extra ___________ macro
mineral because of the presence of oxalates.
3. Hormone thyroxin contains __________________ mineral.
4. Removal of protozoa from the rumen is called as ____________________.
5. A good calf starter should contain _________% DCP and __________%TDN.
6. The experimental design wherein same animals are shifted from one ration to
another for each treatment is called ____________________.
7. The thumb rule is to offer one kg of concentrate for every _________ kg of milk
produced in buffaloes.
8. Chromic oxide is an example of _________ indicator
cows.
10.In Tilley and Terry (1963) method of in vitro digestibility technique
__________________ is used to treat the residue left after the first stage.
11._________________ is otherwise called as overeating disease in sheep due to the
toxin produced by Clostridium Perfringes.

VII State whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE
a. Indian feeding standards are based on productive value.
b. Urea is a useful supplement in a ruminant feed containing less protein.
c. Level of feeding influences the digestibility of nutrients.
d. In the 1
st
week, calf may be allowed to drink or suckle milk @ 25% of its
body weight.
e. High proportion of concentrate in the ration of dairy cattle results in low
milk fat.
f. The energy requirement for milk production depends only on the level of
milk production.
g. Bye-pass protein feeding is essential for high milk yield animal.
h. ARC is the feeding standard followed in USA.
i. Goats are grazers and sheep are browsers.
j. Water use efficiency is better in goats than sheep.
k. Poultry droppings can be used as a source of protein for ruminants.
l. Neem leaves & neem cake are not recommended for feeding of breeding
males.
VIII Match the following

1 Protein requirement of cattle for
maintenance
0.4 + (0.15 x Fat % in milk)
2 TDN requirement of cattle for Starch equivalent
maintenance
3 BIS & ICAR 1.9 + (0.4 x Fat % in milk)
4 Kellner Lactic acidosis
5 FCM Calcium salt of fatty acids
6 Protein % in milk Indirect method of digestibility
7 Milk fever Direct method of digestibility
8 High starch diets 2.84 g / kg metabolic body weight
9 Protected fat Hypocalcaemia
10 Protected protein 34 35 g / kg metabolic body weight
11 Concentrate Formaldehyde treatment
12 Maintenance type roughages Indian feeding standards
VI Fill in the blanks

1. 12-15:1 2. calcium 3. Iodine 4.Defaunation 5. 19-19.5%,
75%
6. Latin Square Design (LSD) 7. two 8. external 9. Sodabicarb/
Magnesiumboxide 10. Acid Pepsin 11. Enterotoxaemia

VII TRUE or FALSE

a False b. True c. True d. False e.True f.False
g. True h. False i. False j. True k. True l. True

VIII Match the following

1 Protein requirement of cattle for
maintenance
0.4 + (0.15 x Fat % in milk) 5
2 TDN requirement of cattle for
maintenance
Starch equivalent 4
3 BIS & ICAR 1.9 + (0.4 x Fat % in milk) 6
4 Kellner Lactic acidosis 8
5 FCM Calcium salt of fatty acids 9
6 Protein % in milk Indirect method of digestibility 11
7 Milk fever Direct method of digestibility 12
8 High starch diets 2.84 g / kg metabolic body weight 1
9 Protected fat Hypocalcaemia 7
10 Protected protein 34 35 g / kg metabolic body weight 2
11 Concentrate Formaldehyde treatment 10
12 Maintenance type roughage Indian feeding standards 3
Question bank for online examinations

Course : ANN 121 Applied Nutrition I (Ruminants) 2 + 1
I State true or false
1. Wolff Lehmann standard considered the quality of milk produced also.
2. ARC standard is being commonly used in USA.
3. TDN system takes into account of nutrient losses through faeces and gases.
4. TDN system overestimates the energy value of poor quality roughages.
5. By-pass protein feed should contain 20% UDP (min) and 9 % RDP.
6. Colostrum contains 17 % protein.
7. Quantity of colostrum should be fed to calves during first two weeks is 10 % of
body weight.
8. Calf starter should contain 23-26 % CP and 75 % TDN.
9. The ADG in crossbred calves is 500 700 g.
10. As per MAFF Technical Bulletin, DM requirement is 2.5 % of body weight plus
10 % of milk yield.
11. Germ free animals are free from contamination of bacteria alone.
12. In semi-invivo technique, feed samples are placed in a bag and immersed in the
rumen of fistulated animals
13. Bulky rations are necessary for ruminants
14. Easily fermentable starchy diets can be fed to ruminants without restriction
15. Di calcium phosphate is a good source of calcium and phosphorus.
16. Nearly 50% of the phytate phosphorus are digested by ruminants.
17. Cotton bags can be used for conducting semi invivo degradability studies.
18. In vitro digestibility studies are carried out in fistulated animals.
19. Apparent digestibility values should be considered for practical feed formulation.
20. Urea can be fed to young calves at a level of 1 % of body weight.
21. Ground nut haulms is a good protein feedstuff for goats.
22. Sheep relish tree fodders better than pasture grasses.
23. The CP content of the plant increases as the plant matures.
24. Animal yielding as high as 7 litres of milk can be easily maintained on green
fodder alone.
25. Indian feeding standards are based on productive value.
26. Legumes are rich in calcium but low in phosphorus.
27. Vegetable proteins are rich in vitamin B
12
.
28. High level of lignin in feedstuff is suggestive of high digestibility.
29. Basal feeds are protein rich concentrates.
30. Compounded feeds are bulky feeds with more weight/unit volume.
31. Cereal grains are rich in starch.
32. Amino acid is a NPN compound.
33. Grinding of roughages reduces the digestibility in ruminant animals.
34. Molasses is rich in DCP.
35. Urea is a useful supplement in a ruminant feed containing low level of CP.
36. Good hay should have about 25% of moisture.
37. Feedstuffs rich in fat are not suitable for long storage.
38. Coconut cake contains high % of bye-pass protein.
39. Mixed hay contains more nutrients than cereal hay alone when fed to livestock.
40. Addition of 5% poultry droppings in ruminant ration increases microbial protein in
the rumen.
41. Rubber seed cake can entirely replace groundnut cake in the ration of ruminants.
42. The nutritive value of soyabean cake can be improved by soaking in water rather
than hot processing like autoclaving.
43. ARC requirement of various livestock is based on the T.D.N system.
44. Animals fed with paddy straw should be supplemented with mineral mixture.
45. Rice polish is rich in B complex vitamins.
46. Phosphorus from plant origin are highly available than inorganic sources.
47. TDN is a measure of energy content of feedstuffs.
48. The nutrient requirements depends on body surface of animals rather body weight.
49. Rice bran contains more phosphorus.
50. Oat hay poisoning is due to nitrates.
51. Cumbu / bajra & falx seeds are good sources of omega-3 fatty acids.
52. Tamarind seeds contain 14-18% protein.
53. The feed additives and supplements are same.
54. Deoiled rice bran contains 12-16% protein.
55. Mimosine toxicity can be alleviated by supplementing the ration with iron salts.
56. Castor bean contains ricins which are not harmful to ruminants.
57. Cereals generally has crude protein content ranging from 8 -12%.
58. Cassava meal good feed resource for small ruminants.
59. Liquid fed supplement is usually molasses, urea, minerals and vitamins.
60. Neem cake can be added in the cattle ration along with other conventional feeds at
10% level.
61. Tannin content of sal seed meal is around 5-7% which is good for the health of
cattle.
62. Green fodders are excellent sources of carotene.
63. Urea contains 46% crude protein.
64. Solvent extracted cakes contain traces of oil.
65. Most limiting amino acid in cereals is lysine.
66. Urea treatment of straws increases nitrogen content.
67. Quality of protein is more important in ruminant diets.
68. Energy requirement is directly related to body weight.
69. Cereal grains have higher NFE value.
70. Oat is a good feed for ruminants.
71. Roughage is a bulky feed which has a high weight/unit volume.
72. The unconventional feeds are generally poor in nutritive value due to the presence
of anti-nutritional factors.
73. The Indian feeding standards are based on Morrison feeding standards.
74. The concept of expressing the protein requirement in terms of DCP is acceptable
under all circumstances.
75. The TDN value of certain feeds can exceed 100.
76. The gross energy value of a feed is the best estimate of the available energy to the
animal.
77. The biological value of a mixed protein feed is higher than a diet containing a
single source of protein.
78. The Newer feeds are generally poor in nutritive value because of the presence of
anti-nutritional factors and high fibre content.
79. Feeding roughage as fine particles in a complete feed may alter rumen
fermentation resulting in low fat milk syndrome.
80. Grinding of feedstuffs in general improves digestibility and palatability.
81. Lucerne is an example of leguminous crop.
82. Antibiotics should not be used in ruminants animals feed.
83. Animal protein sources has to be incorporated in cattle ration to mitigate the
deficiency of lysine and methionine.
84. Soaking of mustard cake reduce the glucosinolates content in them.
85. The calorific value of wheat is more than maize.
86. Straw contain more DCP and TDN than hay.
87. Grass cut and fed to animals is called silage.
88. Subabul contain a toxic principle cyanogenic glycoside in leaves.
89. Oats have higher crude fibre and low TDN than maize.
90. Alkali treatment of paddy straw will improve the nutritive value of straw by
breaking the lignocellulose bond and make more cellulose available.
91. Raw soyabean contain gossypol which can be eliminated by heat treatment.
92. Kellners and Armsbys feeding standards are based on production value type of
the animal.
93. The protein,.mineral and vitamin content of roughages are highly variable.
94. In rice bran phosphorus is available in inorganic form which is easily assimilated
by the animal system.
95. Cassava root contain an anti-nutritional factor known as Tannin.
96. Morrison feeding standard used involves a production value type.
97. Heat increment can be reduced somewhat by feeding higher levels of grains.
98. A complete feed is one which is a balanced concentrate feed set to meet the total
dry matter and nutrient requirement of cattle.
99. The effective utilization of urea nitrogen by ruminants depends upon the level of
inclusion of urea and the soluble carbohydrate content in the ration.
100. The adoption of challenge feeding practices providing a continuous supply of and
excess of calcium and phosphorus for a period of 4-6 weeks prior to parturition
may end up with Milk fever in high yielding Cows.
101. A dietary deficiency of cobalt in ruminant animals may result in hypoglycemia.
102. Hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicates is found to be an effective binder of
aflatoxin, thus reducing the toxic effect.
103. Reduction in particle size by fine grinding decreases crude fiber digestibility and
upsets acetate to propionate ratio.
104. Pelleting of mixed feed helps to improve palatability and digestibility while
reducing feed wastage.
105. In ruminants phytase is not secreted.
106. The mimosine content of young subabul leaves are richer than matured leaves.
107. Dietary protein escaping rumen degradation is bye-pass protein.
108. Urea-ammoniation method increases voluntary intake and digestibility and
nitrogen enrichment of low nitrogen fodders.
109. The dry matter requirement of adult cattle is 5% of its body weight.
110. Protein content in leguminous fodder is lower than non- leguminous fodder.
111. Zero-grazing is a method where animals are freely allowed into grassland for
grazing.
112. All cereals are deficient in vitamin D and calcium.
113. Roughage contain more amount of readily available carbohydrates.
114. Concentrate feed forms the bulk in ruminant ration.
115. Wheat bran contain 14% crude protein.
116. The heat given off by all warm blooded animals is directly proportional to its body
surface area.
117. The performance of any given animal provided with same quality of feed from
different sources need not be same.
118. Antibiotics are nutrient feed additives.
119. Calf starter is the feed meant for calves aged below one year.
120. Mimosine is present in alfalfa meal.
121. Work bullock fed soley on green fodder will drink less water.
122. Shell grit is a good source of calcium and phosphorus for calves.
123. Maize is prone to aflatoxin contamination.
124. The approximate yield of Co-1grass under irrigated condition per hectare is 300
tons per year.
125. Linseed meal is excellent for putting bloom on animals prepare for show.
126. Copra meal is low in protein and high in fibre but makes a good feed ingredient
for cattle ration.
127. Raw soybean is high in protein and fat and makes a good feed ingredient for cattle
ration.
128. Consumption of low levels of certain mycotoxins can lead to impairment of native
and acquired resistance to infectious diseases.
129. Cane molasses is actually the cheapest source of TDN , but it cannot be used at
over about 10% of the ration.
130. The quantity of milk, a calf may be allowed to drink or suckle is about 1/10th of
its body weight.
131. The disease condition known as sway back in lambs is due to the conditioned
copper deficiency.
132. Ammonia concentration in rumen liquor does not exceed 5-8 mg/ml.
133. Dairy animals can tolerate Ca : P ratio as high as 6:1 without any adverse effect.
134. Only one third of phosphorus in bran is available for sheep.
135. Supplementation of B-complex vitamins in cattle ration is strongly recommended.
136. Sudden change in the diet will not affect the acceptability of feed by ruminants.
137. For effective measurement of BMR the animal must be maintained in the
thermoneutral zone.
138. Increased roughage feeding leads to more of propionic acid formation.
139. Only 65% of microbial protein is utilized by ruminants.
140. Overfeeding of cows in late lactation leads to fat cow syndrome.
141. Colostrum contains more of albumin and globulin than in normal milk.
142. Sodium chloride supplementation is must for working animals.
143. Buffalo require more energy and protein than cattle for each litre of milk
produced.
144. Arachidionic acid can be synthesized from linolenic acid in dog.
145. Crushing of grains is essential for the feeding of sheep.
146. Vitamin K is synthesized by microorganisms in the rumen and hence it need not be
supplemented.
147. Supplementation of lysine and methionine in cattle ration is generally practiced.
148. Inclusion of molasses in livestock ration is essential.
149. Bloat is common in wild ruminants.
150. The energy requirement for lactation are worked out based on the quantity of milk
secreted only.
151. Crushing of hard grains is most essential for cattle.
152. The requirement of sulphur for cattle is more than sheep.
153. There is a reciprocal relationship between water and fat content of body.
154. Cereal grains are basal feeds.
155. Dry matter intake varies according to metabolic body weight.
156. The nutrient requirement for maintenance and production are similar.
157. Skim milk is a poor source of vitamin.
158. All tree leaves can be utilized as a feed resource for small ruminants.
159. High moisture grain is superior to low moisture grain in livestock nutrition.
160. Groundnut oil cake is deficient in methionine.
161. Calorimetry is used to measure the intensity of colour production used in vitamin
assay.
162. Use of control diets free of the nutrient being studied to establish the size of output
when intake is zero.
163. The dietary regulation is to provide a consistent calorie intake, balanced to the
animals requirement.
164. Armsbys values were determined near maintenance whereas Kellners were
measured above maintenance.
165. Molasses is used as a readily available energy source in livestock ration.
166. During urea feeding additional mineral supplementation is not required.
167. Colustrum feeding helps in improving the immune status of the calves.
168. Milk fat is not influenced by the type of diet.
169. The carbon content of body protein is 52.54%.
170. Body fat contains less carbon percentage than protein.
171. The dry matter consumption is 5% in buffaloes.
172. Calf starter can be used from the day of birth of calf.
173. Milk replacer is commonly used in southern part of India.
174. The protein content of colostrum is 14%.
175. In sheep, the urea nitrogen is less efficiently utilized in the presence of sulphur.
176. Late cut grass hay is unsatisfactory for sheep.
177. Post-partum feeding of bulky concentrate increases milk production.
178. Feeding of cabbage, turnips produce sweat flavour in milk.
179. The yellow colour milk of Guernsey is due to high concentration of vitamin A.
180. Supplementation of B-complex vitamins in cattle ration is generally practised.
181. Liberal intake of whole cottonseed will increase the fat percentage of milk.
182. Antibiotics are not recommended as additive in feed of dairy cows because of the
residue problem in milk.
183. The intensity of yellow colouration of milk indicate the level of vitamin A.
184. Processing of low quality roughages is essential to improve its digestibility in
runinants.
185. Biuret is a non-toxic when compared to other NPN compounds.
186. Any material eaten by an animal is called as feed.
187. Haecker considered the quality of milk over and above the maintenance
requirement of animals.
188. Kellner used various SE factors for digestible protein from cereal, roughage and
oil cake.
189. Cattle will generally eat daily 2000 to 2500 g dry protein from cereal, roughage
and oil cake.
190. The DCP of compound feed for cattle and calf starter are similar whereas the TDN
of these will vary.
191. In feeding ruminants, black cattle consume less dry matter intake than white cattle.
192. Metabolizable energy value calculation are similar for both ruminant and poultry.
193. The energy expended in the fasting animal is represented in fasting heat
production.
194. Maintenance is a state in which there is a remarkable gain with a little loss of
nutrients from the body.
195. Working bullocks (8 hours) should be given more protein in addition to enough
carbohydrate and fat.
196. The level of vitamin E in the diet depends on the level of polyunsaturated fatty
acids.
197. Bran is useful inclusion and tends the diet to have a great effect reducing
constipation or diarrhoea.
198. Vitamin D has no effect in reducing the incidence of milk fever.
199. Individual feeding of animal is preferred over group feeding since it will be
beneficial to fed the animal according to its needs.
200. Ketotic animals require more glucogenic precursor feeds in their ration.
201. Feeding of concentrate, roughage in the proportions of 60:40 will help the milch
animals to produce more butter fat.
202. Ruminant animals require a shorter collection period if indicators are used in the
ration during digestion trial.
203. Nitrogen balance method will give an accurate data in estimation of net energy
needs of the animals.
204. There is a correlation between milk fat percent and level of roughage feeding in
dairy cows.
205. There is no difference between feed supplements and feed additives.
206. Metabolizable energy minus heat increament is net energy.
207. Phosphorous deficiency does not influence reproductive performance of cattle.
208. For bullocks concentrate feeding should be based on nature of work.
209. Feeding standard is also called as nutrient requirement and allowance.
210. Kellner feeding standard is a productive value type standard.
211. Roughages in the diet improves milk fat.
212. Finisher ration of sheep should contain less energy and more protein.
213. Protected protein helps in wool production.
214. Hypoglycemia interferes with reproductive performance.
215. Increased level of starchy grain feeding can be practiced in high milk yielding
cows.
216. Complete feed contains both concentrates and roughages.
217. High acid insoluble ash content in concentrate mixture does not influence the feed
quality.
218. Respiratory quotient can be conducted by direct calorimetry by measuring the
gaseous output.
219. Laboratory method of determination of digestibility is easier than indicator
method.
220. 1kg of TDN will produce 7.9 kilo calories of digestible energy.
221. Biological value of protozoal protein is higher than microbial protein.
222. Digestible energy, metabolisable energy and net energy are interconvertible by
applying certain correction factors.
223. The proximate analysis is not a useful measure to assess the nutritive value of a
feed.
224. Inorganic part of the food has much nutritive value.
225. The high proportion of volatile fatty acid is greatly influenced by the diet.

Multiple choice questions

1 The first limiting amino acid of microbial protein for wool growth and body
weight gain in small ruminants is
a lysine b methionine
c threonine d glycine

2 Dry matter intake in goats is
a 3 7 % of body weight b 7 10 % of body weight
c 1 3 % of body weight d 10 15 % of body weight

3 Legume fodders are rich in
a Protein b Calcium
c Both protein and calcium d None

4 Poor quality roughages are digested better in goats than sheep because
a Feed retention time is more b Higher concentration of
cellulolytic bacteria in the
rumen
c Urea recycling is more efficient in goats d All

5 The anti-nutritional factor present in mango seed kernels is
a saponins b oxalates
c mimosine d tannins

6 Oat hay poisoning is due to
a Nitrate b Citrinin
c Hydrocyanic acid d None

7 Commonly used aflatoxin binder in the ration of poultry is
a MOS b Sodium calcium alumina
silicates
c Bentonite d None

8 Crude protein content of soybean meal is
a 42 44 % b 22 -24 %
c 32 34 % d 52 54 %

9 The mesh size of the sieve used for manufacturing of chicken layer mash is
a 2 mm b 10 mm
c 6 mm d 14 mm

10 Mixing time required for mixing mash type of feeds in a horizontal mixer is
a 3 5 minutes b 10 15 minutes
c 20 30 minutes d Less than one minute

11 Ketosis in dairy cattle is due to
a Energy deficiency b Protein deficiency
c Mineral deficiency d None

12 Estimated value of methane emission from Indian Livestock is
a 3-5 Tg b 50-60 Tg
c 9-11 Tg d 30-40 Tg

13 The efficiency of utilization of D-Lysine in chicken is
a 95 100 % b 45 50 %
c 70 75 % d None

14 Vitamin C in the diet / ration is essential for
a Dairy cattle b Chicken
c Sheep d Guinea pigs

15 Number of ATPs produced during the metabolism of one mole of acetic acid in
ruminants is
a 12 b 17
c 15 d 25

16 Feed conversion efficiency in broilers is
a 1.7 1.9 2.5 2.7
c 2.2 2.5 1.0 1.2

17 Excess energy consumed by animals is
a Excreted through urine b Excreted through both
urine and feaces
c Excreted through feaces d Stored as fat

18 Level of urea generally added in the compounded feed of cattle is
a 1 3 % b 3 6 %
c 10 14 % d Less than 0.5 %

19 Defaunation in ruminants is
a Removal of bacteria b Removal of protozoa
c Removal of fungi d Removal of microbes

20 National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology of ICAR is located in
a New Delhi b Hyderabad
c Karnal, Haryana d Bangalore

Answer :
1) b
2) a
3) c
4) d
5) d
6) a
7) b
8) a
9) c
10) a
11) a
12) c
13) d
14) d
15) a
16) a
17) d
18) a
19) b
20) d

1.Calf starter should have
a. TDN- 70-75% b. Protein supplement of marine / animal origin c. Both a and b are
correct d. None of the above
2. DCP is a good source of
a. P b. Ca c.Ca and P d. None of the above
3.Antioxidants are added to concentrate feeds
a. To prevent bloat b. To prevent oxidation of fats
c. To hasten oxidation of fats d. To prevent oxidation of nutrients.
4. Paddy straw is
a. Rich in oxalates b. Rich in DCP c. Highly digestible d. None of the above
5. Antibiotic feed supplement are added to the diets of growing animals because they
a. Improve feed efficiency b. Increase daily body gain
c. Decrease mortality d. All are correct
6. Molasses is a rich source of
a. Protein b. Cellulose c. Complex carbohydrates d. Soluble sugars
7. Shell grit contains
a. 48 % Ca b. 38% Ca c. 28% Ca d. 18% Ca
8. Calfornia net energy system for beef cattle was developed by
a. Lofgreen and Garret b. Kellner c. Armsby d. Morrison
9. Milk replacer is introduced with rations of calves when they attain
a. One month b. One week c. Three weeks d. Two weeks
10. The protein requirement of ruminants according to ARC (1980) are based on
a. DCP b. Crude protein c. Rumen degradable and undegradable protein
d. Metabolisable protein
11. Feeding standards based on digestible nutrients was first suggested by
a. Lehmann b. Wolff c. Fjord d. Morrison
12. Lime stone is a good source of
a. Phosphorus b. Calcium c. Calcium and phosphorus d. Magnesium
13. Example of an internal indicator
a. Carmine red b. Chrome oxide c. Lignin d. None of the above
14. According to BIS the concentrate mixture for dairy cattle should contain
a. Min CP 16% b. Min CP- 20% c. Not more than 18% CP d. None of the above
15. Toxicity of dietary lysine is overcome by increasing the level of
a. Arginine b. Threonine c. Valine d. Leucine

III Fill up the blanks with suitable words

1. Concentrate feed should be provided @ 1 kg of every ____________________ kg
of milk produced in dairy cattle.
2. The maintenance requirement of DCP per kg metabolic body weight is
____________________ g in ruminants.
3. Molasses can be added in dairy rations up to ________________ % level.
4. _______________________ and ____________________ are metabolic disorders
occurring in cattle after calving
5. when urea is supplemented in ruminant ration, the ratio of N:S should be
__________________________
6. The permissible level of AIA in type II dairy cattle is ____________ % as per BIS.
7. Morrison feeding standards are based on __________________ energy system.
8. A cow in advance stage of pregnancy needs ________ kg of TDN as an additional
allowance.
9. According to ICAR 1998, the DCP requirement for each 1 kg of milk with 4 % fat
is ___________ g
10. One kg of TDN is equivalent to _______________ of digestible energy.
11. Sen and Ray feeding standards are based on _______________ feeding standards.
12. Livestock rations should contain _________________ % of salt.
13. A crossbreed cow in second lactation needs ______________ % of nutrients as an
extra allowance.
14. In dairy farms, the thumb rule is to feed on kg concentrate for ___________ kg of
milk produced in buffaloes.
15. A calf weighing 30 kgs requires ________ kg of milk per day at one week of age.
16. Hay standard was developed by ____________________________.
17. Energy requirement for maintenance is ___________ kcal of ME per kg MBW.
18. _______________________________ and
________________________________ methods can be used for manufacturing
protected proteins.
19. __________________________________ and __________________________
methods can be used for protecting fat from ruminal fermentation.
20. The DM intake in cows is ____________________ of body weight.
21. Transition period in a dairy cow is between _______________ and
_______________________________________.
22. Minerals associated with reproduction of dairy cows are _________________,
__________________________ and __________________________.
23. Indian feeding standards are suggested by ___________________________ and
_________________________________________
24. The permissible level of acid insoluble ash in type II dairy cattle is ____ % as per
BIS
25. The normal sulphur to nitrogen ratio in sheep for wool production is __________
26. Morrison feeding standards are based on _______ energy system
27. Meat producing goats require _______ % DM per 100 kg body weight
28. The dry matter intake in milch goats is ______ % of the body weight
29. A by-product rich in cellulose derived from sugarcane industry is
_______________
30. Unconventional feeds contain ________ factor which are harmful to health.
31. The practice of increasing the nutrient intake in ewes prior to mating is called as
_______________
32. __________________________ ,_______________________and
__________________________ are the internal or natural indicators in feed.
33. ______________________and __________________________feeding standards
can be followed for formulation of ration for cattle.
34. The calcium and phosphorus content in the mineral mixtures used for cattle should
be ________________________ & __________________________ %
35. Colostrum is a good source of ___________________________ to the calves .
36. ____________________ and ________________________ are the common
metabolic disorders in milch cattle.
37. The most commonly occurring mycotoxins in feedstuffs are __________________
and ___________________________ .
38. The sugarcane by products commonly used for feeding ruminants are
_________________ and ___________________________.
39. _______________________feeding trial method is used to compare two or more
rations with each other.
40. Protein requirement for growth can be determined by ____________________ and
_____________________________ methods.
41. The dietary protein for ruminants is expressed in terms of rumen
______________________ and __________________________.
42. A calf starter should contain _________ % of D.C.P and ___________% of
T.D.N.
43. Ketosis and milk fever in dairy cows are mainly caused by __________________
and __________________________, respectively.
44. __________________ is the common anti-nutritional factor present in sorghum.
45. The dietary protein which escapes rumen degradation is called as ____________
46. __________________ and __________________ are the feeding standards
followed in U.S.A. and U.K.
47. Net energy is the differences between _______________and _________________.
48. NPN substance urea could be incorporated to a maximum of _____________% in
concentrate mixture or ____________________ % of the DM intake.
49. In feeding standards the requirement of nutrients are either expressed as
_____________ or ___________________________.
50. Feeding of excessive amount of legume forage leads to
____________________________ and ___________________________.
51. ______________________ and ___________________ are the digestive troubles
that are caused due to sudden change in the diet.
52. ____________________, _____________________________ and
________________________ are types of feeding standards.
53. The energy and protein requirement for maintenance per kilogram metabolic body
weight of cattle are ______________________ and ___________________.
54. The suggested limit of dry matter intake in terms of body weight are
__________________, _____________________, ______________________ and
______________% for buffaloe, sheep, cattle and horse, respectively.
55. ___________________occurs when cattle is suddenly shifted from high roughage
to a high concentrate ration and this is due to increase in_____________ bacteria.
56. The protein requirement for lactation is _______________ times as secreted in the
milk.
57. __________________ is the energy requirement for growth.
58. ___________________is the endogenous urinary nitrogen loss per kg body
weight.
59. When output of nitrogen from the body exceeds that of input it would result
__________________________.
60. When serum level of calcium goes below ______________it will cause milk fever.
61. __________________ determines the nutrient requirement of farm animals.
62. Ketosis is caused by ___________________ in ______________________
metabolism.
63. Milk fat percentage is determined by _____________________production in the
rumen which is related to level of _________________ in the ration.
64. Level of urea in concentrate feed should not exceed ___________________level
or else it will result in ___________________________.
65. The crude fibre fraction includes __________________ which is indigestible.
66. Biuret is an example of _____________________.
67. Heat treatment of soya reduce ___________________inhibitor.
68. ______________________ and _____________________________ are used as
growth stimulants in fast growing animals.
69. In scandinavian feed unit ________________________ was taken as one unit and
this value was compared to other foods.
70. Grouven in his feeding standard took into consideration ____________________
and _________________________________in the feed as the basis.
71. Armsby feeding standard is based on ____________________.
72. In Haeckers feeding standard consideration was given to both
___________________ and _____________________ of products.
73. Savage increased the ______________requirement by about 20% than Haeckers.
74. Morrison feeding standard originated from ____________________and
_________________________.
75. The factors for converting digestible nutrients into starch equivalent are
___________________ for protein ______________________ for carbohydrate
and ____________________________ for fats.
76. Indian standards are almost dependent on _______________________feeding
standard.
77. The amount of endogenous urinary nitrogen and metabolic faecal nitrogen is
dependent on ____________________and _________________, respectively.
78. The endogenous urinary nitrogen is about ________________ gm/kg body weight
and metabolic faecal nitrogen ____________________ gm/100g dry matter intake.
79. The requirement of protein for growth can be estimated by
_________________________ and __________________________ methods.
80. Clinical signs associated with deficiency of water soluble vitamin are generally
____________________ and this vitamin is _______________ stored in the body.
81. Overeating of grains in animals can be treated by administration of
_______________________________.
82. In ketosis of dairy animals there is elevation of ____________________ enzyme
in liver and _____________________ level falls below minimum.
83. The gross energy which is ultimately , utilised by the tissues is known as
_______________________.
84. Voluntary feed intake gets reduced during _____________________ months
which should be compensated by increasing __________________ density of the
diet.
85. Flushing in goats helps in improved ____________________________ and
____________________________.
86. Basal metabolism of an animal can be estimated based on
____________________ and calculated by a formula
_____________________________________.
87. Net energy system was adopted in __________________ feeding standards.
88. One of the common NPN additive is ---------------------- and this should be
accompanied with ------------------------ in the feeds of ruminants.
89. The desirable dry matter content of the fodder for ensiling should be about ---------
-----------------
90. The loss of energy as methane loss during rumen fermentation can be minimized
by the addition of -------------------------------.
91. The desirable ratio of N to S in ruminant feed is -------------------------- for proper
utilization of NPN compounds.
92. The biological availability of phosphorus from wheat bran is less because of the
presence of ----------------------------------.
93. The quantity of milk a new born calf may be allowed to suckle during its first
week is about ---------------------- of its body weight.
94. The feed pellet when it comes out of the pellet mill may have a moisture content
of -------------------------------------- and a temperature of ------------------------------.
95. A high intake of alfalfa in sheep and cattle may cause clinical condition called -----
-------------.
96. Lactating cows require --------------------------- kg of concentrate for maintenance
and 1 kg of concentrate for every ------------------------ kg of milk produced.
97. A deficiency of carbohydrate in pregnant ewes may cause a metabolic disorder
called ________________________.
98. The most characteristic sign of chronic aflatoxin B1 toxicity is
_______________________
99. ____________________ may be incorporated in ruminant feed as methane
inhibitor.
100. The first step in formulating ration for cattle is to estimate the
__________________ intake.
101. Grinding of feedstuffs is a process of ________________ reduction.
102. _______________________and __________________ can be used as a
pellet binder while preparing pelleted feed.
103. The pigment _________________ in yellow corn has vitamin A activity.
104. ___________________________ and _____________________conditions
are favourable for the growth of toxin producing fungus.
105. ____________________ is a antifungal additives used in high moisture
grain to inhibit mould growth.
106. Soaking of cottonseed cake in water reduces ___________________ a
toxic principle present in it.
107. Tannins are classified into _______________ and ____________ tannins.
108. Young sorghum fodder contains _____________________.
109. Percentage of crude protein in deoiled rice bran is _______________.
110. Total nutrient requirement is sum of ____________________ and
_________________________ in lactating dairy cows.
111. The nutritive value of molasses is assessed by _________________.
112. In Kellner S.E. ________________ correction is made for roughage and
______________________ for concentrate feedstuffs.
113. Chopping of roughage is done to reduce _________________ .
114. _______________ and ___________________ encourage mold growth
in stored feed leading to problems of mycotoxicosis.
115. In purified diet protein and vitamin are supplemented as
____________________ and _____________________, respectively.

Expand the following
a. NRC b. NE
m C.
NE
l d.
RDP f. UDP
g. CNCPS h. BIS i.NDDB j. ICAR k. CLFMA

I. FILL UP THE BLANKS

1. Adult male pig is known as _____________ and adult female pig is known as
_______.
2. ______________________________ is the breed of pig known for its mothering
ability.
3. Zoological name for domestic pig is _______________________________
4. Gestation period in pig is _________________ days.
5. The act of giving birth in pig is ____________________ and in horse is
____________.
6. In pigs, weaning is done at ________________ days.
7. The dwelling place of pig is called as _______________.
8. _______________________ is the pig breed which is black with a white belt
which entirely encircles the body including both front leg and feet
9. Sex ratio in pig is _______________.
10. Estrus cycle in sow is _______________ days.
11. Young foal can be weaned at ___________________ months.
12. ________________________ is the breed of pig which is cherry red in colour.
13. The protein percentage in swine pre-starter (creep) ration should be
____________%.
14. Zoological name of horse is _______________________ and donkey is
____________.
15. An adult male horse used for breeding purpose, over 4 years of age is
______________.
16. Horse having a height less than 14 hands is known as _________________.
17. A female young horse under 1 year of age is known as
_____________________.
18. Horses whose 8 immediate ancestors are registered with stallion and mares
record is known as _____________________ horse.

LPM 122: Livestock Production
Management - II
(Monogastric and Laboratory Animals) (1+1)

19. Important horse breeds of India are ___________________,
______________________ and ___________________
20. Sex ratio in horse is _______________________.
21. Trying all maiden and empty mares should be commenced from
_______________.
22. _______________________ is the best cereal grain for horse feeding.
23. Regardless of when a foal is born, its birth date is always considered as
_____________.
24. ______________________ and ______________________ and
_________________ are examples for non-human vertebrate laboratory animals.
25. ______________________ is the breed of dog used as laboratory animal.
26. Gestation period in laboratory mouse is ______________ days.
27. Estrus cycle in mouse is ______________ days.
28. Breeding rats require a diet containing ________ per cent protein.
29. Low humidity cause _______________ in rats.
30. Positive sign of estrus in hamster and rabbit is ___________ response.
31. _________________________ and ___________________ are examples for
larger rabbit breeds.
32. Sex ratio in rabbit is ____________.
33. __________________ should be supplemented in guinea pigs diet.
34. Breed of pig having six white points is ________________________.
35. Market age of pig is _____________ months.
36. Common vices in pig is ________________ and _______________.
37. Breed of pig with lop ear is _________________.
38. _______________________ and _____________________ are common vices
in horse.
39. Common diseases of rabbit which cause great economic losses are
_______________ and ________________________.

II. STATE TRUE OR FALSE

1. Swine industry has remained underdeveloped mainly due to
religious taboos and prejudices.
[ ]
2. Rearing non-descript pig is more profitable [ ]
3. The carcass yield of pig has been known to be highest among
all food animals
[ ]
4. Group of pigs is called as drove [ ]
5. Pork is an excellent source of vitamin B [ ]
6. The cholesterol level in pork is higher than any other food
animals
[ ]
7. Gilts can be bred at the age of 8 months [ ]
8. While selecting a gilt the teat number should be minimum of
4 pairs
[ ]
9. Seventy per cent pre-weaning mortality is due to starvation
and overlaying
[ ]
10. In the measurement of horse one hand is equal to 6 inches [ ]
11. Indian wild ass is found in Little Rann of Kutch [ ]
12. In a fertile stallion normal reaction time should be about 5 to
10 minutes during breeding season
[ ]
13. Ejaculation in stallion can be determined by tail flagging [ ]
14. In mare, ovulation usually occurs during the third to fifth
days of cycle
[ ]
15. Doping can be detected by examining urine sample. [ ]
16. A laboratory animal is any non-human member of the
animal kingdom
[ ]
17. Dogs are widely used in biomedical research [ ]
18. In mice both male and female have nipples [ ]
19. Mouse can be lifted by holding the tip of the tail [ ]
20. The rat does not have a pancreas [ ]

III. MATCH THE FOLLOWING

1 Geld or gelding An untrained horse
2 Broken horse A short legged stocky horse
3 Unbroken horse Cheek pouch
4 Cob A castrated male horse
5 Hamster Sign of nearing foaling
6 Guinea pig A well trained horse
7 Hooded Long Evans. Postpartum complication in
sow

8 MMA syndrome Evolved breed of rabbit
9 Black brown Copulatory plug
10 Increased calcium iron in
milk
Non-inbred rat strain

1 Estrus cycle in guinea pig Manipuri horse
2 Estrus cycle in hamster Foster sow
3 Estrus cycle in rat 4-5 days
4 Orphan piglet Large caecum
5 Mountain Artillery mules 14-16 days
6 Syrian hamster Marwari horse
7 European Hamster 4 days
8 Guinea pig Large size hamster
9 Sickle like ears Indian army
10 Almond shaped ears Golden hamster

IV. CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER

1. As per 2003 livestock census, the pig population in India is
a) 13.52 million b) 15.52 million c) 17.52 million d) 19.52 million
2. The young female pig, pregnant but not yet farrowed once
a) Open gilt b) Closed gilt c) Runt d) Stag
3. Dressing percentage in pig is
a) 40% b) 50% c)80% d)90%
4. The act of mating in pig is
a) Covering b) Farrowing c) Service d) Coupling
5. The smallest piglet born in a litter is known as
a) Runt b) Crit c) Critling d) All are correct
6. Duration of estrus in horse is
a) 4-6 days b) 1-2 days c) 12-24 hours d) 3 days
7. Foaling heat occurs in mare after _____days of foaling
a) 1-2 days b) 3-4 days c) 9-11 days d) 15-20 days
8. Major breeding season in horse commence from
a) February b) June c)September d)December
9. A good sign of nearing foaling is
a) Waxing of mare b) Depressed tail head c) Milk drip d)All are correct
10. A normal weight of mares placenta ranges between
a) 5.9 to 6.4 kg b) 8.2 to 9.1 kg c) 3.5 to 4.8 kg d) 10.2 to 12.2 kg
11. Average litter size in laboratory mice is
a) 3-4 b) 5-6 c) 8-11 d) 12-14
12. Tattooing of mouse can be done at
a) Ears b) Flank c) Base of the tail d) Shoulder
13. Zoological name of laboratory rat is
a) Rattus norvegicus b) Rattus rattus c) Rattus everetti d) Rattus
nitidus
14. Gestation period in rat is
a) 21-22 days b) 18-19 days c) 29-32 days d) 55-60 days

15.Coat type of English guinea pig is
a) Rosetted hair b) Smooth hair c) Very long hair d) Curled hair
16. Best breeding system for guinea pig
a) Harem systems b) Monogamous pair c) Hand mating d) Polygamy
17. Hamsters are active during
a) Day time b) Night time d) Both day and night c) Only during
evening
18. Chemical sterilization of laboratory animal diet by fumigation can be done with
a) Formaldehyde b) Ethylene oxide c) Sodium Hydroxide d) Copper sulphate
19. Zoological name for domestic rabbit is
a) Romerolagus diazi b) Oryctolagus cuniculus c) Lepus nigricollis
d) Sylvilagus transitionalis
20. Gestation period in Rabbit is
a) 30-32 days b) 60-63 days c) 155 days d) 20-21 days

V. DEFINE/EXPLAIN THE FOLLOWING

1. Mule
2. Doping
3. Specific pathogen free animal
4. Hand mating
5. Split up suckling
6. Caecotropy
7. Ponies
8. Jennet
9. Colt foal
10. Covering

VI. SHORT NOTES

1. Selection of breeding gilt/sow and boar
2. Signs of estrus and estrus detection
3. Piglet anaemia
4. Teasing/trying of mare
5. Breeding of hamster

VII. ESSAY

1. Management of sow at farrowing and farrowing troubles
2. Breeding management of pig with special reference to mating management, signs
of pregnancy and parturition.
3. List out the breeds of rabbits and write in detail about breeding management of
rabbit.
4. Care and management of mare before, during and after foaling.

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8. 1ree fodder
9. Crass fodder
10. Cereal fodder
11. !"#$%& season
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13. Annual lodders
14. erennlal fodders
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18. ueferred grazlng
19. 8oLaLlonal grazlng
20. Cvergrazlng
21. Pohenhelm sysLem
22. lanL proLecLlon
23. Mlxed cropplng
24. CuarLerlng
23. Weedlng
26. 8eds and Channels
27. 8ldges and lurrows
28. 8alnfed legume fodders
29. SylvlpasLure
30. MuLl-Ller cropplng
31. MulLl purpose Lree specles
32. 8odenL conLrol
33. ueslgn of sLorage sLrucLures
34. Sllo
33. Lnsllage

36. Sllage
37. 1ypes of sllo
38. 1ower sllo
39. lL sllo
40. Sllage addlLlves
41. CuallLy of sllage
42. ulsadvanLages of sllage
43. AdvanLages of sllage
44. Paylage
43. WasLelage
46. Molasses
47. CuallLy of hay
48. lermenLaLlon losses ln hay maklng
49. uehydraLed fodders
30. 8arn drled hay
31. Sun cured hay
32. Legume hay
33. non-legume hay
34. 8rown hay
33. ScarclLy fodders
36. Crop resldues
37. vegeLable crop resldues
38. unconvenLlonal feeds
39. Anlmal proLeln sources for feedlng
60. AmmonlaLlon of paddy sLraw
61. urea enrlchmenL of sLraw
62. urea molasses mlxLure preparaLlon
63. nuLrlenL conLenL of paddy sLraw
64. nuLrlenL conLenL of wheaL sLraw
63. nuLrlenL conLenL of ragl sLraw
66. AdvanLages of urea LreaLmenL
67. uC and 1un
68. ConcenLraLes
69. Creen roughage and dry roughage
70. MalnLenance raLlon
71. SafeLy ln caLLle feedlng
72. 1radlLlonal pasLures
73. lmproved pasLures
74. 8rowslng and grazlng
73. Mlxed cropplng of fodders
76. 8ow lnLercropplng
77. SequenLlal cropplng
78. SLrlp cropplng
79. MulLlple cropplng
80. 8elay cropplng

81. larm yard manure
82. SLorage of l?M
83. 8logas
84. Cobar gas
83. vermlcomposL
86. vermlwash
87. anchakavya
88. 8eneflLs of vermlcomposL
89. Wlnd eroslon
90. WaLer eroslon
91. Wave eroslon
92. 1lllage
93. ConLour culLlvaLlon
94. 8ench Lerraclng
93. Mulchlng
96. Craded bundlng
97. 1renchlng
98. Cully conLrol
99. Crassed waLerways
100. Cff-season Llllage
101. AnLlLransplranLs
102. CrowLh reLardanLs
103. lW/CL approach
104. Can evaporlmeLry
103. CrlLlcal sLage approach
106. Surface lrrlgaLlon
107. Subsurface lrrlgaLlon
108. Cverhead lrrlgaLlon
109. urlp lrrlgaLlon
110. lurrow lrrlgaLlon
111. Check basln meLhod of lrrlgaLlon
112. Surface dralnage
113. Sub surface dralnage
114. 8andom fleld dlLch meLhod
113. arallel fleld dlLch meLhod
116. unlL of power
117. Sources of farm power
118. WaLL
119. Agro energy
120. 8logas slurry
121. 8logas dlgesLer
122. Wlnd mlll
123. Solar energy
124. Cb[ecLlves of Llllage
123. 1lllage equlpmenLs

126. Sowlng equlpmenLs
127. lnLerculLural equlpmenLs
128. lanL proLecLlon equlpmenLs
129. CulLlvaLor
130. Leveller
131. 8ldger
132. 8und former
133. ulsc plough
134. Chlsel plough
133. 8asln llsLer
136. uddler
137. ulbbllng
138. Creen manure Lrampler
139. CounLry seed drlll
140. Seed planLer
141. Cono weeder
142. ower sprayer
143. Pand aLomlzer
144. 8ocker sprayer
143. 8uckeL sprayer

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<4==:5 78= A6> F@7>>A;A976A48
1. ueflne fodder and forage and glve Lhe classlflcaLlon of forages wlLh examples.
2. Clve Lhe characLerlsLlcs of fodder crops.
3. Lxplaln Lhe followlng :
l. SLraw ll. 8husa lll. Paulms lv. Pusks
4. Lxplaln Lhe growLh of a fodder cop.
?57>>@78=>G 6H3:> 4; I57>>@78=> 78= 2787I:2:86 6:9J8AKE:>
1. ueflne grassland and explaln abouL Lhe grazlng resources ln lndla.
2. LnumeraLe Lhe ecologlcal sLaLus of grasslands.
3. lndlcaLe Lhe Lypes of grassland cover ln lndla and explaln abouL Sehlma - ulcanLhlum
cover.
4. WrlLe a noLe on over grazylng
3. Lxplaln Lhe managemenL Lechnlques for lmprovlng grasslands.
6. lndlcaLe Lhe ob[ecLlves and prlnclples of grassland managemenL.
7. LlsL ouL dlfferenL Lypes of grazlng and explaln any Lwo Lypes of grazlng.
8. WrlLe a shorL noLe on pasLoral farmlng.

+I54842A97@ 15796A9:> ;45 154=E96A48 4; F:5:7@ 78= ?57>> <4==:5>
1. WrlLe a noLe on cereal fodders and glve Lhe examples of cereal fodders for dlfferenL
ecosysLems.
2. Lxplaln mlxed cropplng.
3. lndlcaLe Lhe proper Llme of harvesL for cereal crops and glve Lhelr lmporLance of
harvesLlng aL rlghL Lrue.
4. Lxplaln Lhe culLlvaLlon pracLlces of sorghum and malze.
3. WrlLe shorL noLe on grass fodder and cholce of grasses for dlfferenL slLuaLlon.
6. Lxplaln Lhe culLlvaLlon meLhods of grasses.
+I54842A97@ 35796A9:> ;45 354=E96A48 4; B:IE2: 78= %5:: ;4==:5>
1. WrlLe a shorL noLe on legume fodder.
2. Clve Lhe agronomlc pracLlces for cowpea and sLylo.
3. WrlLe a noLe on LheLree fodders.
4. Lxplaln sllvlpasLoral sysLem and mulLl Ller sysLem.
3. LnumeraLe Lhe lmporLance of agroforesLry ln fodder producLlon.
$6457I: 4; ;::=> 78= ;4==:5> L B4>>:> A8 >6457I: 78= 35:C:86AC: 2:6J4=>
1. WrlLe abouL Lhe lmporLance of sLorage of feed and feed lngredlenLs ?
2. Lxplaln Lhe facLors affecLlng feed value and deLerloraLlon.
3. lndlcaLe Lhe crlLerla for safe sLorage of feeds.
$A@7I: 27DA8I L &23456789:G 15:>:5C76A48 M:6J4=> 78= +=C7867I:>
1. ueflne sllage, ensllage and sllo.
2. lndlcaLe Lhe Lypes of sllo and explaln horlzonLal sllos.
3. Lxplaln Lhe meLhods Lo lower Lhe hlgh molsLure conLenL of green fodders forsllage.
4. LlsL ouL Lhe characLerlsLlcs of sllo plLs.
3. Lxplaln Lhe meLhod of preparaLlon of sllage maklng.
6. Classlfy and explaln Lhe characLerlsLlcs of good sllage.
7. LlsL ouL Lhe merlLs and demerlLs of sllage, maklng.
8. ueflne Paylage and wasLelage.
-7H 78= /7>6:@7I: 27DA8I L &23456789:G 15:>:5C76A48 2:6J4=> 78= +=C7867I:>
1. WhaL do you mean by Lhe Lerm `brown hay'? Pow ls lL dlfferenL from hay?
2. LlsL ouL Lhe Lypes of hay?
3. WhaL are Lhe losses ln hay maklng?
4. Lxplaln Lhe sLeps lnvolved ln hay maklng?
3. WrlLe Lhe advanLages and dlsadvanLages of drlers ln curlng hay?
6. WhaL are Lhe characLerlsLlcs of a good quallLy hay?
$9759A6H ;4==:5> L (:9:>>A6H 78= C75A4E> 6H3:> 4; >9759A6H ;4==:5>
1. name some of Lhe lmporLanL vegeLable proLeln sources used for llvesLock feedlng?
2. LlsL ouL few lmporLanL agro-lndusLrlal wasLes useful ln llvesLock feedlng?
3. WhaL are Lhe non-LradlLlonal planLs LhaL have uLlllLy ln llvesLock feedlng?
4. Lxplaln Lhe role of crop resldues durlng scarclLy condlLlons?
3. WhaL do you undersLand by Lhe Lerm scarclLy fodders and explaln Lhe Lypes of scarclLy
fodders?

#85A9J2:86 4; 9543 5:>A=E:> 78= 354;A67N@: E6A@AO76A48 7> 78A27@ ;::=>
1. WrlLe Lhe sLeps lnvolved ln urea enrlchmenL of paddy sLraw and Lhe advanLages of Lhe
same?
2. Pow Lo prepare urea-molasses mlxLure and Lhe precauLlons Lo be adopLed whlle
feedlng Lhe same along wlLh paddy sLraw?
3. Lxplaln Lhe dlfferenL meLhods of enrlchmenL of paddy sLraw?
4. Clve a comparaLlve sLaLemenL of paddy sLraw, wheaL sLraw and ragl sLraw ln Lerms of
nuLrlLlve value?
3. WrlLe Lhe scope and uLlllLy of crop resldue ln llvesLock feedlng?
<::= 78= ;4==:5 2787I:2:86 ;45 &8=ACA=E7@ 78A27@>
1. WrlLe Lhe advanLages of uslng molasses ln llvesLock feedlng?
2. WhaL are Lhe dlfferences beLween LradlLlonal pasLure and lmproved pasLure?
3. WrlLe Lhe norms Lo be adopLed for preparaLlon of efflclenL feed raLlon?
4. WhaL are Lhe safeLy measures Lo be adopLed for caLLle feedlng?
3. Lxplaln uC and 1un?
6. WhaL are Lhe meLhods of feedlng sysLems belng pracLlced ln lndla?
<4==:5 354=E96A48 6J54EIJ A86:595433A8I 78= N79DH75= 9E@6AC76A48
1. WhaL ls lnLercropplng?
2. Lxplaln Lhe varlous Lypes of mulLl-cropplng?
3. WhaL ls sequenLlal cropplng? Clve examples
4. WhaL do you mean by crop roLaLlon?
3. Why legume ls chosen as lnLercrop for cereal and grass fodder?
6. Clve examples of varlous lnLercrop posslblllLles perLalnlng fodder crop producLlon?
.:9H9@A8I 4; 78A27@ P7>JA8I> 78= P7>6:> L 154;A67N@: E6A@A>76A48 7> 278E5: 78= ;45 I:8:576A48
4; :8:5IH
1. LlsL ouL Lhe beneflLs of verml composLlng?
2. WrlLe Lhe sequence of sLeps lnvolved ln vermlcomposL producLlon?
3. WhaL ls panchakavya and wrlLe Lhe sLeps lnvolved ln preparaLlon of panchakavya?
4. Clve Lhe beneflLs of panchakavya?
3. WrlLe Lhe meLhods of sLorage of farm yard manure?
$4A@ 78= 24A>6E5: 948>:5C76A48 2:6J4=> ;45 ;4==:5 354=E96A48
1. WhaL are Lhe causal agenLs for soll eroslon?
2. WhaL are Lhe losses due Lo waLer eroslon and wlnd eroslon?
3. WhaL are Lhe varlous measures Lo conserve soll eroslon?
4. Lxplaln all Lhe agronomlc measures LhaL help Lo conLrol soll eroslon?
3. Clve ln deLall Lhe mechanlcal measures LhaL help Lo conLrol soll eroslon?
6. WhaL do you mean by gully conLrol?
7. WhaL are Lhe foresLry measures and agrosLologlcal measures Lo conLrol soll eroslon?
8. Lxplaln Lhe meLhods Lo conLrol wlnd eroslon?
9. WhaL are Lhe meLhods Lo conserve soll molsLure?
10. Lxplaln conLour bundlng?
11. Lxplaln abouL mulches?
12. WhaL are Lhe varlous Lypes of anLlLransplranLs?

M:6J4=> 4; &55AI76A48 78= =57A87I: ;45 ;4==:5 354=E96A48
1. WhaL do you undersLand by `waLer requlremenL of crops'?
2. Lxplaln Lhe cllmaLologlcal approach of lrrlgaLlon schedullng?
3. WhaL are Lhe varlous meLhods of lrrlgaLlon?
4. Lxplaln ln deLall abouL drlp lrrlgaLlon?
3. Lxplaln Lhe varlous meLhods of surface lrrlgaLlon?
6. WhaL are Lhe meLhods of dralnage used ln fodder producLlon?
7. WhaL are Lhe varlous meLhods of surface lrrlgaLlon?
<752 34P:5 78= +I54 :8:5IH L $4E59:>G 2:5A6> 78= =:2:5A6>
1. WhaL are Lhe dlfferenL sources of farm power?
2. LlsL ouL Lhe dlfferences beLween anlmal power and mechanlcal power?
3. WrlLe Lhe merlLs and demerlLs of human power ln farmlng?
4. WrlLe Lhe merlLs and demerlLs of anlmal power ln farmlng?
3. Lxplaln ln deLall Lhe process of blogas generaLlon and lLs advanLages?
6. WhaL are Lhe Lypes of wlndmlll and Lhe glve Lhe advanLages of wlnd energy?
7. Clve Lhe appllcaLlons of solar energy?
8. LlsL ouL Lhe merlLs and demerlLs of elecLrlcal energy?
<752 279JA8:5H
1. WhaL are Lhe ob[ecLlves of Llllage?
2. uescrlbe abouL any Lwo common Llllage lmplemenLs?
3. WhaL are Lhe dlfferenL meLhods of ploughlng?
4. WhaL ls harrowlng and explaln varlous Lypes of harrows?
3. Lxplaln Lhe funcLlons of bund former and chlsel plough?
6. name some sowlng lmplemenLs useful ln fodder seeds sowlng
7. WhaL are Lhe dlfference beLween hlgh volume spraylng and low volume spraylng?
8. WhaL are Lhe dlfferenL Lypes of spraylng equlpmenLs avallable?
9. Lxplaln Lhe funcLlon of hand compresslon and power sprayers?
10. WrlLe ln deLall Lhe usefulness of dryland weeder?
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#4485
ClasslflcaLlon of neuroLransmlLLers
SynapLlc anaLomy and Lransmlsslon
hyslologlcal anaLomy, of neuron wlLh lLs classlflcaLlon
CyLoarchlLecLure of cerebral corLex
luncLlonal dlvlslon wlLh Lhelr pecullarlLles of cerebral corLex
MoLor funcLlons of cerebellum
8eflex acLlvlLles of braln sLem
vlsceral moLor acLlvlLles of ons & Medulla
luncLlons of 1halamus
PypoLhalamlc funcLlons
Cross secLlon of splnal cord
Speclflc funcLlons of splnal LracLs
luncLlonal capablllLles of AuLonomlc nervous sysLem
hyslology of vlslon
hyslologlcal anaLomy of Lar and mechanlsm of hearlng
osLural reflexes
ueLalled scheme of sLreLch reflex
8aslc physlcs and exlsLence of membrane poLenLlal
CeneraLlon of acLlon poLenLlal ln a neuron
8eflex acLlvlLles of splnal cord
MalnLenance of asLure and Lqulllbrlum role of ear.

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Llmblc sysLem
Slgnlflcance of perlpheral nervous sysLem
Cranlal nerves
nuclel of splnal cord
vlsceral reflexes
Sleep
ClfacLory hyslology
CusLaLony reflex
8eflex arc- Lype and properLles
CondlLloned reflex-properLles
LlecLroencephalogram and lLs slgnlflcance
Lrrors ln vlslon
uecrebraLe rlgldlLy
Splnal shock
Splnal anlmal
1halamlc anlmal
uecorLlcal preparaLlon
Channel of lon LransporL
lneal hyslology-neural aspecL
1ypes of vlslon wlLh examples for each Lype
8asal ganglla and lLs lmporLance
Cerebro splnal fluld-roducLlon, luncLlon and dralnage / SupporLlng cells of nervous
sysLem
LlecLrophyslology of vlslon
SLrucLure lnvolved ln overall moLor conLrol
8ecepLors and Lhelr classlflcaLlon
hyslologlcal anaLomy of equlllbrlum
1asLe
8uds and Lhelr dlsLrlbuLlon
-+! ./ :;<046;./
#4485
aLLern of sallvary secreLlon and facLors conLrolllng Lhem
hases of CasLrlc acld secreLlon and facLors modlfylng Lhem
ancreaLlc secreLlons and funcLlons
lormaLlon and funcLlons of blle
Lxocrlne pancreas-role ln dlgesLlon
LnLerlc nervous sysLem and lLs slgnlflcance
hases of dlgesLlon
ulgesLlon of carbohydraLe ln monogasLrlc anlmal
roLeln dlgesLlon ln a monogasLrlc anlmal
ulgesLlon of llplds ln a monogasLrlc anlmal
hyslologlcal anaLomy of rumlnanL sLomach
8umen mlcrobes - 1helr role ln aneroblosls
ClasslflcaLlon of rumen bacLerla wlLh Lwo examples each
Scheme of rumlnoreLlcular moLlllLy and Lhelr slgnlflcance
AnaLomlcal physlology of vllll
8umlnanL carbohydraLe dlgesLlon
8umlnanL proLeln dlgesLlon
CarbohydraLe absorpLlon ln lnLesLlne
roLeln absorpLlon ln lnLesLlne
Llpld-mode of absorpLlon and slgnlflcance
Avlan dlgesLlon
lmporLance of cecum ln equlnes
LnLerlc endocrlne secreLlons
$9.16 /.604
ClasslflcaLlon and slgnlflcance of rumen clllaLes
8umen fungl and Lhelr lmporLance
erlsLalsls and segmenLaLlon
luncLlons of sallva ln rumlnanL and monogasLrlc anlmals
Large lnLesLlne funcLlons
roLecLed proLelns ln rumlnanLs
LrucLaLlon mechanlsm
8loaL
luncLlons of blle
LnLerogasLrlc reflex
LnLerohepaLlc clrculaLlon of blle
AnaLomlcal dlfference ln dlgesLlve organs of canlne, bovlne and Avlan specles.
AcL of swallowlng
rehenslon and sallvaLlon
rocess of masLlcaLlon ln varlous anlmals
loreguL dlgesLers
Plnd guL dlgesLers
Lnd producLs of mongasLrlc dlgesLlon ln large lnLesLlne
uevelopmenL of rumen
Lsophageal groove reflex
luncLlons of llver-ulgesLlve role

-+! ./ =34>?0 @954;.?.<5
#4485
uescrlbe ln deLall Lhe elecLron mlcroscoplc sLrucLure of skeleLal muscle
Muscle meLabollsm-LnergeLlcs
LxclLaLlon conLracLlon coupllng
SmooLh muscle physlology
lsomeLrlc and lsoLonlc muscle conLracLlon
neuromuscular [uncLlon and physlologlcal acLlon of muscle conLracLlon
roperLles of skeleLal muscular conLracLlon
ropagaLlon of acLlon poLenLlal ln a skeleLal muscle
aLLern of acLlon poLenLlal generaLlon ln smooLh muscle
ulfferenL Lype of muscle flbers based on Lhelr energy demand
Mechanlsm of muscle conLracLlon

$9.16 /.604
8lgor morLls
Corl's cycle
8ed muscle
WhlLe muscle
Slow LwlLch muscles
CaLlng channel
1ypes of skeleLal muscle flber
8efracLory perlod
Muscle faLlgue
1eLanlzaLlon
1ypes of smooLh muscles
Myoglobln and lLs slgnlflcance
Clonus vs Lonus
ConLracLure vs conLracLlon
lasL oxldaLlve, glycolyLlc flbers (lCC flbers)

-+! ./ A04B;186;./
#4485
1ransporL of C
2

1ransporL of CC
2

C
2
-ulssocaLlon curve and lLs slgnlflcance
neural regulaLlon of resplraLlon
8esplraLory cenLres
Perrlng 8ruer's reflex
8esplraLory ad[usLmenLs of acld-base balance
non resplraLory funcLlons of lungs
SplromeLrlc evaluaLlon of lung volumes and lung capaclLles
8aslc mechanlsm of gas exchange

$9.16 /.604
8ohr's effecL
Pamberger's shlfL
Paldane's effecL
1ldal volume
8esplraLory CuoLlenL

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%6378 )389:;

1. AcLlve slLe.
2. AllosLerlc enzyme.
3. Ma[or facLors affecLlng enzyme acLlvlLy.
4. Lnzymes of blologlcal oxldaLlon.
3. lsoenzymes.
6. luAC classes of enzymes wlLh sulLable examples.
7. 1ypes of enzyme speclflclLy.
8. Coenzymes.
9. Lnzyme unlLs.
10. 1heorles of [LS] complex formaLlon.
11. nomenclaLure of enzymes wlLh example.
12. Lxplaln any Lwo Lypes of reverslble lnhlblLlon.
13. CofacLors.
14. km value and lLs slgnlflcance.
13. lrreverslble lnhlblLlon.
16. roperLles of enzymes.

$::<1:;

1. uescrlbe Lhe dlfferenL Lypes of enzyme lnhlblLlon.
2. uescrlbe Lhe facLors affecLlng enzyme acLlvlLy.
3. Classlfy enzymes as per Lhe commlsslon on enzymes along wlLh examples for
each class. WhaL ls Lhe slgnlflcance of L.C. numbers?
4. uerlve Lhe mlchaells-menLon equaLlon and dlscuss lLs slgnlflcance.
3. WrlLe abouL:
a. SpeclflclLy of enzymes.
b. Mechanlsm of caLalysls.

-+" ./ *.39/97598.=:

%6378 )389:;

1. CxldaLlve phosphorylaLlon and lLs uncouplers.
2. MalaLe-asparLaLe shuLLle.
3. Lnzymes of blologlcal oxldaLlon.
4. Plgh energy-rlch compounds.
3. CrganlzaLlon of LlecLron LransporL chaln.
6. Cheml-osmoLlc hypoLhesls.
7. 8rown faL and lLs slgnlflcance.
8. Clycerol-phosphaLe shuLLle.
9. lnhlblLors of resplraLory chaln.

$::<1:;

1. uescrlbe Lhe componenLs of elecLron LransporL chaln assembly wlLh a
sulLable dlagram.
2. Lxplaln Lhe cheml-osmoLlc hypoLhesls of A1. generaLlon and lndlcaLe Lhe
lnhlblLors of elecLron LransporL chaln and A1 synLhesls.
3. Lxplaln Lhe enzymes and coenzymes lnvolved ln blologlcal oxldaLlon and
reducLlon reacLlons.

-+" ./ ><7?361@7<89 A98<?34.:2

%6378 )389:;

1. Lxplaln amphlbollc naLure of 1CA cycle.
2. Corl cycle.
3. Aeroblc vs. aneroblc glycolysls.
4. Pow pyruvaLe ls converLed Lo AceLyl coenzyme-A? MenLlon all Lhe enzymes and
coenzymes.
3. WrlLe Lhe reacLlons caLalyzed by Lhe followlng enzymes.
a. yruvaLe carboxylase and b. Clucose-6-phosphaLe dehydrogenase.
6. Cluconeogenesls from proplonaLe.
7. Slgnlflcance of PM shunL.
8. Clycogenesls vs. glycogenolysls.
9. AcLlon of hormones conLrolllng blood glucose level.
10. Clycogenolysls.
11. SynLhesls of glucose from glycerol.
12. SubsLraLe level phosphorylaLlon.
13. CxldaLlve phosphorylaLlon vs. subsLraLe level phosphorylaLlon.
14. CarbohydraLe fermenLaLlon ln rumlnanLs.
13. asLeur effecL vs. crabLree effecL.
16. Slgnlflcance of PM shunL.
17. luLlle cycle and anaplerosls.
18. Pyperglycemlc facLors.
19. 8ole of lnsulln ln carbohydraLe meLabollsm.
20. Converslon of gluLamlc acld Lo oxaloaceLlc acld.

$::<1:;
1. SynLhesls of glycogen from glucose.
2. uescrlbe Lhe 1CA cycle ln deLall. MenLlon Lhe enzymes and coenzymes lnvolved ln each of
Lhe reacLlons.
3. uraw a flowcharL showlng paLhway of aeroblc glycolysls. Pow many A1s are generaLed
from Lhe oxldaLlon of one glucose molecule ln Lhe paLhway?
4. AlLernaLe paLhways for oxldaLlon of glucose.
3. Lxplaln - Lnergy releaslng sLeps ln 1CA cycle and Converslon of glucose lnLo rlbulose-3-
phosphaLe.
6. LnumeraLe Lhe reacLlons of LM paLhway and work ouL energeLlcs for compleLe oxldaLlon
of one molecule of glucose vla glycolysls and 1CA.
7. WrlLe an essay on penLose phosphaLe paLhway.
8. Pormonal regulaLlon of carbohydraLe meLabollsm.
9. WrlLe abouL carbohydraLe meLabollsm ln rumlnanLs.
10. uescrlbe Lhe followlng reacLlons of gluconeogeneslsa
a) Converslon of proplonaLe Lo pyruvaLe.
b) Converslon of lacLaLe Lo pyruvaLe.
c) Converslon of glycerol Lo pyruvaLe.

-+" ./ B.C.@ A98<?34.:2

%6378 )389:;

1. CarnlLlne LransporL.
2. LuL meLabollsm.
3. LlpoLroplc facLors.
4. WrlLe Lhe meLabollc reacLlon of Lhe followlng:
a) 1hlophorase.
b) AceLyl CoA carboxylase.
3. keLone body formaLlon.
6. Cmega oxldaLlon of faLLy aclds.
7. 1ransporL of faLLy aclds durlng oxldaLlon.
8. uLlllzaLlon of keLone bodles.
9. SynLhesls of Lrlacylglycerol.
10. SynLhesls of cephalln and leclLhln.

$::<1:;

1. 8losynLhesls of sLearlc acld from aceLyl CoA.
2. WhaL are keLone bodles? Lxplaln Lhe sLeps lnvolved ln keLogenesls
1. and keLolysls.
2. ulfferenLlaLe beLween:
a. CarnlLlne and caroLene
b. LlpoproLeln llpase and pancreaLlc llpase.
3. uescrlbe Lhe llpoproLeln meLabollsm
4. uescrlbe how a saLuraLed even numbered faLLy acld undergoes beLa-oxldaLlon and
work ouL energeLlcs for palmlLlc acld undergolng compleLe oxldaLlon.
3. SynLhesls and degradaLlon of any one amphlpaLhlc compound.
-+" ./ D7389./ A98<?34.:2

%6378 )389:;

1. 1ransamlnaLlon.
2. CxldaLlve deamlnaLlon.
3. oslLlve and negaLlve nlLrogen balance.
4. luncLlons of plasma proLelns.
3. Lxplaln Lhe role of gluLamaLe dehydrogenase ln amlno acld meLabollsm.
6. lnhlblLors of LranslaLlon.
7. Amlno acyl L8nA synLheLase.
8. uecarboxylaLlon reacLlon of Amlnoacld.

$::<1:;

1. Pow urea ls synLheslzed ln Lhe llver? / explaln Lhe reacLlons of krebs-PenselelL cycle.
2. Lxplaln how ammonla ls deLoxlfled ln Lhe body.
3. uescrlbe Lhe sLeps ln Lhe formaLlon of lnlLlaLlon complex ln proLeln blosynLhesls.
4. WrlLe an essay on LranslaLlon ln prokaryoLes.

-+" ./ )E=49.= +=.@ A98<?34.:2

%6378 )389:;

1. 1Pl reducLase.
2. Salvage paLhway.
3. !" $%&% synLhesls.
4. Ckazakl fragmenLs.
3. klenow fragmenL and lLs slgnlflcance.
6. CeneLlc code.
7. lormaLlon of urlc acld from purlnes.
8. WrlLe Lhe sLrucLure of purlne rlng and lndlcaLe Lhe source of nlLrogen and Carbon
aLoms.
9. unA repllcaLlon ln leadlng sLrand.
10. lnhlblLors of LranscrlpLlon.
11. SynLhesls of CM from lM.
12. Converslon of rlbonucleoLldes lnLo deoxyrlbonucleoLldes.

$::<1:;

1. uescrlbe Lhe process of repllcaLlon of unA ln prokaryoLes.
2. CaLabollsm of purlne and pyrlmldlne nucleoLldes.
3. 1he process of LranscrlpLlon ln prokaryoLes.

-+" ./ A.=73/E87.9/8 A98<?34.:2F '/8957<8.3/ 3G A98<?34.:2 </@ #:9 3G ':383C9:

%6378 )389:;

1. 1Pl.
2. 8rlefly explaln Lhe blochemlcal funcLlons of faL soluble vlLamlns.
3. 8lochemlcal funcLlons of pyrldoxlne.
4. uses of radloacLlve lsoLopes.
3. SynLhesls and blochemlcal funcLlons of vlLamln u.
6. Wald's vlsual cycle.
7. 8lologlcal funcLlons of vlLamln L and Selenlum.
8. lnLermedlary meLabollsm.
9. MeLabollc proflle of braln ln sLarvaLlon.
10. MeLabollc proflle of llver under well-fed sLaLe.
11. ueflclency dlsorders of calclum and phosphorus.
12. keraLomalacla.
13. 8lochemlcal role of follc acld.
14. SLrucLure and funcLlons of vlL-C.

$::<1:;

1. WrlLe Lhe co-enzyme form of '8' complex group of vlLamlns and explaln Lhe
meLabollc role of any Lhree of Lhem.
2. Lxplaln Lhe blochemlcal funcLlons and deflclency dlsorders of vlLamln A and
vlLamln u.
3. WrlLe Lhe sLrucLure of vlLamln-C and explaln lLs meLabollc role and deflclency
dlsorder.
4. Lxplaln how varlous Llssues lnLegraLe Lhe dlfferenL meLabollc reacLlons durlng
sLarvaLlon and under well-fed sLaLe.

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