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English Test 31

Directions for Questions from 1 to 4:

ALL other previous attempts to solve the problems of dreams have concerned themselves directly with the manifest dream-content as it is retained
in the memory. They have sought to obtain an interpretation of the dream from this content, or, if they dispensed with an interpretation, to base
their conclusions concerning the dream on the evidence provided by this content. We, however, are confronted by a different set of data; for us a
new psychic material interposes itself between the dream-content and the results of our investigations: the latent dream-content, or dream-
thoughts, which are obtained only by our method. We develop the solution of the dream from this latent content, and not from the manifest dream-
content.

We are thus confronted with a new problem, an entirely novel task- that of examining and tracing the relations between the latent dream-thoughts
and the manifest dream-content, and the processes by which the latter has grown out of the former. The dream-thoughts and the dream-content
present themselves as two descriptions of the same content in two different languages; or, to put it more clearly, the dream-content appears to us
as a translation of the dream-thoughts into another mode of expression, whose symbols and laws of composition we must learn by comparing the
origin with the translation. The dream-thoughts we can understand without further trouble the moment we have ascertained them. The dream-
content is, as it were, presented in hieroglyphics, whose symbols must be translated, one by one, into the language of the dream-thoughts.

It would of course, be incorrect to attempt to read these symbols in accordance with their values as pictures, instead of in accordance with their
meaning as symbols. For instance, I have before me a picture- puzzle (rebus) - a house, upon whose roof there is a boat; then a single letter; then
a running figure, whose head has been omitted, and so on. As a critic I might be tempted to judge this composition and its elements to be
nonsensical. A boat is out of place on the roof of a house, and a headless man cannot run; the man, too, is larger than the house, and if the whole
thing is meant to represent a landscape the single letters have no right in it, since they do not occur in nature. A correct judgment of the picture-
puzzle is possible only if I make no such objections to the whole and its parts, and if, on the contrary, I take the trouble to replace each image by a
syllable or word which it may represent by virtue of some allusion or relation. The words thus put together are no longer meaningless, but might
constitute the most beautiful and pregnant aphorism. Now a dream is such a picture-puzzle, and our predecessors in the art of dream-
interpretation have made the mistake of judging th  rebus as an artistic composition. As such, of course, it appears nonsensical and worthless.

1. It can be inferred from the passage that dream-content is best analyzed:

 

j by being translated into dream thoughts.

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j by interpreting the symbols in accordance with their values as pictures.
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j in accordance with their meaning as symbols.
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j by viewing it as an artistic composition, a rebus.
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j by viewing icons as words and attributing them with symbols.
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2. The author’s approach towards the dream thoughts can best be described as:
 

j Reproachful, as it helps to determine dreams only if they are visuals.

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j Confused, as it is difficult to ascertain the meaning through dream content only.
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j Promising, as dream thoughts can be evaluated effortlessly.
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j Patronizing, as dream thoughts are very difficult to be analyzed by all.
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j Optimistic, as there are possibilities of gathering critical data.
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3. Based on the passage, “the new problem” can best be described as:

 

j extrapolation of the processes by which the latter has grown out of the former.
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j tracing the relationship between the latent dream-thoughts and the manifest dream-content.
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j examination of dream-thoughts and dream-content and the course of the latter’s development from the former.
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j establishing linkages between dream-thoughts and manifest dream-content.
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j instituting the theory of translating dream thoughts into dream content.
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4. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?
 

j All preceding attempts have been unsuccessful in unraveling the mystery of dreams.
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j Manifest dream content is superior to latent dream content.
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j Latent dream content is illusionary and hence not dependable for research.
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j Latent dream content is being perceived as a possible source of solutions.
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j Manifest dream content is seen as memory based and thus more viable.
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Directions for Questions from 5 to 10:

 j Latent dream content is being perceived as a possible source of solutions.
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j Manifest dream content is seen as memory based and thus more viable.
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Directions for Questions from 5 to 10:

The questions present a sentence, part of which or all of which is underlined. Beneath the sentence you will find five ways of phrasing the
underlined part. The first of these repeats the original; the other four are different. If you think the original is best, choose the first answer;
  otherwise choose one of the others. This question tests correctness and effectiveness of expression. In choosing your answer, follow the  
requirements of standard written English; that is, pay attention to grammar, choice of words, and sentence construction. Choose the answer that
produces the most effective sentence; this answer should be clear and exact, without awkwardness, ambiguity, redundancy, or grammatical error.

5. Shalini will choose where they are going because either of the options works for Mona.
 

j going because either of the options works for Mona.

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j going because either of the option works for Mona.
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j going because either of the options works towards Mona.
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j going because of either of the options works for Mona.
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j going because either of the options work for Mona.
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6. Most people in Delhi are fond of shopping in malls, eating out and like to watch movies.
 

j shopping in malls, eating out and like to watch movies.

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j to shop in malls, eating out and like to watch movies.
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j shopping in malls, eating out and watch movies.
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j shopping in malls, eating out and watching movies.
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j shopping in malls, eat out and like to watch movies.
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7. Women, who were quite constrained during the olden times, have always slumped as a means of
keeping normal under such frustrating circumstances.
 

j have always slumped as a means of keeping normal under such frustrating circumstances.
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j have always slumped as a means of keeping normally under such frustrating circumstances.
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j have always slumped as a means of keeping normal under such frustrated circumstances.
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j have always slumped as a mean of keeping normal under such frustrating circumstances.
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j has always slumped as a means of keeping normal under such a frustrating circumstances.
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8. The globalization that has swept across the world appear to have been buoyed by the power that is with
the youth of the planet.
 

j The globalization that has swept across the world appear to have
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j The globalization that have swept across the world appears to have
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j The globalization that has swept across the world appears to have
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j The globalization that has swept across the world appeared to have
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j The globalization that has sweep across the world appears to have
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9. Organizational motivation refers to the basic orientation of the organization towards creativity as well
as supports for creativity throughout the organization.
 

j Organizational motivation refers to the basic orientation of the organization towards

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j Organizational motivation refers to the basic orientation for the organization towards
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j Organizational motivation refers to the basics orientation of the organization towards
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j The basic orientation of the organization towards organizational motivation refers to
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j The basic orientation of the organizations towards organizational motivation refers to
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10. Scientists have developed a “virtual reality” treadmill which can trick people into believing that they
are moving more slowly than they actually are.
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j which can trick people into believing that they are moving more slowly than they actually are.
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 10. Scientists have developed a “virtual reality” treadmill which can trick people into believing that they
are moving more slowly than they actually are.

j which can trick people into believing that they are moving more slowly than they actually are.
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j who can trick people into believing that they are moving more slowly than they actually are.
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j which can trick people into believing that they are moving slowly than they actually are.
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j which can trick people to believing that they are moving more slow than they actually are.
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j which can trick people into believing that they are moving themselves more slowly than they actually are.
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