Yes No

Yes 11 1 12
No 14 3 17
25 4 29
a) Oi Ei ((Oi-Ei)^2)/Ei
11 10.34 0.041
1 1.66 0.259
14 14.66 0.029
3 2.34 0.183
0.513
b) Oi Ei ((Oi-Ei)^2)/Ei
11 10.34 0.011
1 1.66 1.655
14 14.66 0.187
3 2.34 0.051
1.904 Chi-square
P-value 0.168
Conclusion: There is no evidence that the antibiotic might be effective in addressing
abdominal pain.
Using Continuity Correction made a little
difference in the chi-square values - it only
increased chisquare value from 0.474 to
1.904
Total
Total
Chi-square
Conclusion: There is no evidence that the antibiotic might be effective in addressing
abdominal pain.
P-value 0.474
Abdonimal pain after antibiotic
Abdominal pain before antibiotic
Results for evaluation of antibiotic to address
intenstinal bacterial overgrowth
0.168
Conclusion: There is no evidence that the antibiotic might be effective in addressing
abdominal pain.
Using Continuity Correction made a little
difference in the chi-square values - it only
increased chisquare value from 0.474 to
1.904
Conclusion: There is no evidence that the antibiotic might be effective in addressing
abdominal pain.
0.474
NHTSA Air Bag Data
Accident Outcome Yes No
Killed 19276 27924 47200
Survived 5723539 4826982 10550521
Total 5742815 4854906 10597721
a) 0.58217
1.71771
b)
c)
1.686393633
1.749587541
d)
e)
NHTSA Seat Belt Data
Accident Outcome Yes No
Killed 16001 31199 47200
At 95% confidence, this odds ratio is significant, since it does not include value 1.
Seat Belt Used
Total
The odds of being lkilled in a harmful event car accident for vehicle with air bag is
0.58217
The odds of being lkilled in a harmful event car accident for vehicle without air
bag is 1.717709
The odds ratio suggest that the chances of being killed in a harmful event car accident for a vehicle without air bag are 1.7177 times
higher as compared to the car with air bag.
Lower limit
Upper Limit
The 95 % confidence interval for Odds Ratio is given by:
Total
Air Bag Installed
Odds ratio of being killed in a harmful event car accident for a vehicle with
and without air bag.
OR With Bag=
OR Without Bag
Survived 7758634 2791887 10550521
Total 7774635 2823086 10597721
a) 0.18455
5.41852
b)
c)
5.317184129
5.521787148
d)
f)
g)
Lower limit
Upper Limit
At 95% confidence, this odds ratio is significant, since it does not include value 1.
Seat Belt use appears to be more effective in saving lives during these accidents. We can observe that, the the
odds of being killed in a harmful event car accident for a vehicle without seat belts are 5.41852 which greater
than the odds for the cars without air bags.
The 95 % confidence interval for Odds Ratio is given by:
Odds ratio of being killed in a harmful event car accident for a vehicle with
and without Seat Belt.
OR With Seat Belt=
The odds of being lkilled in a harmful event car accident for vehicle with seat belt
is 0.18455
OR Without Seat Belt
The odds of being lkilled in a harmful event car accident for vehicle without seat
belt is 5.41852
The odds ratio suggest that the chances of being killed in a harmful event car accident for a vehicle without seat belts are 5.41852
times higher as compared to the car with seat belt.
NHTSA Harmful Accident
Data
Air Bag Installed Yes No
Yes 4871940 870875 5742815
No 2902695 1952211 4854906
Total 7774635 2823086 10597721
OI Ei ((Oi-Ei)^2)/Ei
4871940 4213009 103059.4822
870875 1529806 283820.5628
2902695 3561626 121907.9299
1952211 1293280 335728.2273
844516.2022
P-value 0.0000000
h)
NHTSA Harmful Accident
Fatalities
Air Bag Installed Yes No
Yes 8626 10650 19276
No 7375 20549 27924
Total 16001 31199 47200
i)
NHTSA Harmful Accident
Fatalities
Air Bag Installed Yes No
Yes 18.28% 22.56% 40.84%
Seat Belt Used
Total
Seat Belt Used
Total
Proportiions for Various Combinations
Chi Square
There is a significant association between air bag installation and usage of seat belts.
Seat Belt Used
Total
No 15.63% 43.54% 59.16%
Total 33.90% 66.10% 100.00%
j)
There may be a confounding effect of seat belt usage on the effect of the air bags in
reducing fatalities. It may be possible that the people not using air bag may be using
Seat belts, hence resulting in a lower fatality rate in this group.
At 95% confidence, this odds ratio is significant, since it does not include value 1.
The odds of being lkilled in a harmful event car accident for vehicle with air bag is
0.58217
The odds of being lkilled in a harmful event car accident for vehicle without air
bag is 1.717709
The odds ratio suggest that the chances of being killed in a harmful event car accident for a vehicle without air bag are 1.7177 times
higher as compared to the car with air bag.
At 95% confidence, this odds ratio is significant, since it does not include value 1.
Seat Belt use appears to be more effective in saving lives during these accidents. We can observe that, the the
odds of being killed in a harmful event car accident for a vehicle without seat belts are 5.41852 which greater
than the odds for the cars without air bags.
The odds of being lkilled in a harmful event car accident for vehicle with seat belt
is 0.18455
The odds of being lkilled in a harmful event car accident for vehicle without seat
belt is 5.41852
The odds ratio suggest that the chances of being killed in a harmful event car accident for a vehicle without seat belts are 5.41852
times higher as compared to the car with seat belt.
There is a significant association between air bag installation and usage of seat belts.
There may be a confounding effect of seat belt usage on the effect of the air bags in
reducing fatalities. It may be possible that the people not using air bag may be using
Seat belts, hence resulting in a lower fatality rate in this group.
Did extra credit
project? M n SD
No 98.24 83 15.414
Yes 109.36 22 11.358
Total 100.57 105 15.299
Descriptive Statistivs for Total Score
Lower Upper
-11.123 0.41 0.32 2.01 2.83 29 0.008
Independent Sample t-test for total score- Completed Extra Credit Project:
Paired Differences
t df P
M SE Mean
95% CI of the Difference
n M SD
Pre-Exam
Anxiety
73 5.53 2.41
Exam Score 73 79.82 13.90
Descriptive Statistics
Source SS df MS F
Regression 3310.48 1 3310.48 22.19
Residual 10594.21 71 149.21
Total 13904.68 72
(Constant)
Pre Exam Anxiety
Summary of Regression Analysis
ANOVA Table
SE Error t p
64.25 3.60 17.83 .00
2.82 .60 4.71 .00
Summary of Regression Analysis
Month Congestion
Incidence
Rate per
Month
Jan 1000 14 0.0140
Feb 1000 18 0.0180
Mar 1000 14 0.0140
Apr 1000 12 0.0120
May 1000 16 0.0160
June 1000 8 0.0080
July 1000 19 0.0190
Aug 1000 12 0.0120
Sept 1000 14 0.0140
Oct 1000 7 0.0070
Nov 1000 10 0.0100
Dec 1000 18 0.0180
Jan 1000 15 0.0150
Feb 1000 9 0.0090
Mar 1000 11 0.0110
Total 15000 197 0.1970
p-bar= 0.0131
q-bar= 0.9869
SD= 0.003600118
UCL= 0.023933687
LCL= 0.00233298
0.0000
0.0020
0.0040
0.0060
0.0080
0.0100
0.0120
0.0140
0.0160
0.0180
0.0200
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Calories, x Sodium, y
160 410
170 460
120 350
120 360 SUMMARY OUTPUT
80 240
190 540 Regression Statistics
Multiple R 0.981026
R Square 0.962413
Adjusted R Square 0.953016
Standard Error 22.26047
Observations 6
ANOVA
df SS MS F
Regression 1 50751.22 50751.22 102.4184
Residual 4 1982.114 495.5285
Total 5 52733.33
Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value
Intercept 45.04065 35.59525 1.265356 0.274433
Calories, x 2.487805 0.245826 10.1202 0.000537
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0 50
1008 336 Column1
1176 392
1227 409 Mean
1569 523 Standard Error
438
146
Median
1509 503 Mode
531 177 Standard Deviation
1158 386 Sample Variance
1077 359 Kurtosis
Skewness
Range
Column1 Minimum
Maximum
Significance F Mean 1077 Sum
0.000537 Standard Error 127.9512 Count
Median 1158
Mode #N/A
Standard Deviation 383.8535
Lower 95% Upper 95%Lower 95.0%Upper 95.0% Sample Variance 147343.5 0.2496
-53.7876 143.8689 -53.7876 143.8689 Kurtosis -0.25698 0.004992
1.805283 3.170327 1.805283 3.170327 Skewness -0.62351 0.070654
Range 1131
Minimum 438 -0.04
Maximum 1569 -0.56614
Sum 9693
Count 9
100 150 200
Sodium, y
Column1
359
42.65039
386
#N/A
127.9512
16371.5
-0.25698
-0.62351
377
146
523
3231
9
20654 1810 37.3
21136 3527 31.1
22350 2762 30.8
21391 4045 34.7
22972 4096 64.2
16913 3213 37.4
19160 3077 33.2 Column1 Column1
23191 4145 26.9
24186 2020 36.6 Mean 34.1
26283 2159 26.1 Standard Error 1.909392
3356 Median 33.95
3582 Mode #N/A
Standard Deviation 6.038028
Sample Variance 36.45778
Kurtosis 1.258374
Skewness 0.777802
Range 20.8
Minimum 26.1
Maximum 46.9
Sum 341
Count 10
Column1
Mean 35.83
Standard Error 3.399936
Median 33.95
Mode #N/A
Standard Deviation 10.75154
Sample Variance 115.5957
Kurtosis 6.511348
Skewness 2.341794
Range 38.1
Minimum 26.1
Maximum 64.2
Sum 358.3
Count 10
Altitude, x Speed, y
0 1116.5
5 1037.7
10 1001.8
15 994.4
20 1012.8
25 980.3
30 1113.7
35 966.3
Service Person 1 2 3 4 5 6 Range X-bar
Sample1 200 120 83 68 110 115 132 116.00
Sample2 150 85 93 150 90 65 85 105.50
Sample3 175 105 130 145 75 115 100 124.17
Sample4 90 75 150 175 105 125 100 120.00
104.25 116.4167
Service Person 1 2 3 4 5 6 Range X-bar
New Sample 180 125 110 98 156 190 92 143.17
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
1 200 150 175 90
1 120 85 105 75
1 83 93 130 150
1 68 150 145 175
1 110 90 75 105
1 115 65 115 125
2 150
2 85
2 93
2 150
2 90
2 65
3 175
3 105
3 130
3 145
3 75
3 115
4 90
4 75
4 150
4 175
4 105
4 125
Q.24
Xbar [X bar - Xbar (grand)]^2
49.7 0.12
43.1 138.72
57 151.23
Total 290.07
SS df MS F
Between 290.07 2 145.035 0.378179
Within 21860 57 383.5088