J Comp Path/ Vet record 2008-2009

Primate

Multiple Granulomas in Three Squirrel Monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) Caused by

Mycobacterium microti (vol 137 p 245-248)-- multiple granulomas in the mesentery,
mesenteric lymph nodes, lung, liver, kidneys and spleen, while the other showed
granulomas only in the lung. The animal with paralysis of the legs had an abscess-like
lesion in the skeletal muscle of the neck, granulomas in the mesenteric and mediastinal
lymph nodes, and a fracture of the thirteenth thoracic vertebra with severe lesions of the
spinal cord. Histologically the granulomas showed typical features of tuberculous
granulomas, i.e., central necrosis surrounded by epithelioid cells, multinucleated giant
cells, in£ammatory cells and a border of connective tissue. Ziehl-Nielsen stain
demonstrated sporadic acid-fast bacilli.

Pathological Changes in Masked Palm Civets Experimentally Infected by Severe

Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Coronavirus - Symptoms: Infected animals
become less aggressive and develop pyrexia, lethargy and diarrhoea and develop
multiorgan pathology. - Histopathology: Interstitial pneumonia with edema, neuronal
degeneration and neuronophagia, lymphoid follicular depletion in lymph nodes, splenic
lymphoid follicular atrophy, hepatic congestion and vacuolar degeneration, kidneys focal
hemorrhage, small intestine-mild focal hemorrhages

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus non-aureus Infection in an Irradiated Rhesus

Macaque (Macaca mulatta) (Journal of the American Association for Laboratory
Animal Science, 67 Vol 47, No 3, May 2008, P. 64-68). Gross lesions: Skin dryness,
dermatitis, hyperkeratosis, and erythema in the facial area. Microscopic lesions: Skin:
Epidermal hyperplasia and chronic dermal inflammation. Perivascular plasma cells and
lymphocytes were identified and the dermis showed a background of mucinosis.

Peripheral Edema with Hypoalbuminemia in a Nonhuman Primate Infected with

Simian–Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Case Report: clinically, there was slight
peripheral edema, hypoalbuminemia, and proteinuria, consistent with nephrotic
syndrome. Histologically, there was membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, the result
of immune complex deposition.

Idiopathic New Bone Formation in the Femoral Shafts of a Cynomolgus Monkey (Macaca
fascicularis)
A 6.5-y-old cynomolgus monkey. An animal caretaker incidentally found a bone fragment
protruding through the skin of the right leg. Radiographically there was one bone fragment in
each femur. The fragment consisted of a medullary cavity and bone cortex with incomplete
periosteal structure. New bone formation in nonhuman primates has been reported previously, but
not with unexplained skin penetration.
HYPERPLASTIC DERMATITIS ASSOCIATED WITH ACARIASIS IN A SIAMANG
(SYMPHALANGUS SYNDACTYLUS), Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 39(4):
638–641. - Alopecia, flaky skin, and pruritus, with trombidiiform mites identified as
Psorobia (formerly Psorergates) sp. near cercopitheci. Superficial dermal edema and
infiltration, with a low to moderate number of lymphocytes and plasma cells around
superficial capillaries (Fig. 2). These changes were associated with epidermal pits
containing ovoid, organisms with chitinous exoskeletons (Fig. 3). A diagnosis of chronic
hyperplastic dermatitis (mange) with intracorneal embedded mites was made.

Capillaria hepatica (syncalodium hepaticum) in primates in a zoological collection

in the UK: this is a zoonotic liver nematode of mammals with a worldwide distribution.
It had as a direct life cycle. Its primary hosts are rodents. Caused granulomatous hepatitis
in this monkey. Ingestion of eggs larvae hatch in cecummigrate to liver and mature
to eggs released after death.

Acute Megakaryocytic Leukaemia (AMKL)-like Disease in a Cynomolgus Monkey

(Macaca fascicularis). J. Comp. Path. 2009, Vol. 140, 212e216. Gross lesions: The
liver, kidney and spleen were markedly enlarged and the kidneys had capsular petechiae.
Histo: numerous atypical cells resembling myeloid cells in the bone marrow, and
myelofibrosis was present. Atypical cells were also present in the blood vessels of the
liver, kidney, spleen, lymph nodes, lung, heart, bladder, adrenal gland and brain. Some
neoplastic cells had oval or pleomorphic macronuclei and others were multinucleated..
IHC—Positive for megakaryocyte- associated antigens Von Willebrand Factor and
CD61-IIIa, but were negative for myeloperoxidase. This monkey was infected with
simian retrovirus type D and it is possible that this viral infection was associated with
the development of neoplasia. Differential diagnoses for AMKL with myelofibrosis,
include Acute Panmyelosis with Myelofibrosis (APMF- multi-lineage myeloid
proliferation, no megakaryocyte-related antigens), blastic transformation of Chronic
Myeloid Leukaemia (CML- clonal proliferation of mature granulocytes) or Idiopathic
Myelofibrosis (IMF- abnormal depostis of collagen in BM).
Naturally Occurring Tyzzer’s Disease in Cotton-top Tamarins
(Saguinus oedipus). Vol 57, No 1
February 2007. transmural, necrotizing typhlocolitis accompanied by
myocarditis and hepatitis..

Animal Models for HIV AIDS: A Comparative Review. Vol 57, No

1 February 2007. Viruses discussed are grouped as causing (1)
nonlentiviral immunodeficiency-inducing diseases, (2) naturally
occurring pathogenic infections, (3) experimentally induced lentiviral
infections, and (4) nonpathogenic lentiviral infections.

Changes in the Titer of Anti–B Virus Antibody in Captive

Macaques (Macaca fuscata, M. mulatta, M. fascicularis). Vol
57, No 1 February 2007. B virus (Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1; BV).
�-herpesvirus subfamily and usually causes mild or asymptomatic
infection in its natural macaque host. However, BV infection in humans
usually develops as a fatal central
nervous system infection and for this reason BV is classified
as a biosafety level–4 pathogen.

Dermal Melanocytosis in Japanese Monkeys (Macaca fuscata).

Vol 57, No 3 June 2007. the epidermis lacked melanocytes, but the
dermis had numerous melanocytes with abundant melanin. Activated
melanocytes with well-developed dendrites were distributed
throughout the upper part of the dermal layer. Melanocytes were not
arranged in clusters, and elastic and collagen fibers in the dermis
showed no histological abnormalities.

Increased Production of 11β-hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase

Type 2 in the Kidney Microsomes of Squirrel Monkeys (Saimiri
spp.). Vol 58, No 2
April 2008. In squirrel monkeys (Saimiri spp.), cortisol circulates at
levels much higher than those seen in man and other Old World
primates, but squirrel monkeys exhibit no physiologic signs of the
mineralocorticoid effects of cortisol. 11β-hydroxysteroid
dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2), which converts cortisol to the
inactive metabolite, cortisone. Pharmacologic inhibition of 11β-HSD2,
inactivating mutations in 11β-HSD2, or saturation of the enzyme by
high cortisol concentrations
results in inappropriate activation of MR by cortisol and leads to
development of hypertension and electrolyte imbalance.

Pathology of Captive Moustached Tamarins (Saguinus mystax).

Vol 58, No 2 April 2008. Colitis cystica profunda (CCP), a disease
that affects humans and is characterized by the presence of mucin-
filled epithelial downgrowths and cysts in the colonic submucosa, was
found in 24 of the 33 (72.7%) tamarins. Interstitial myocardial fibrosis
was present in 22 (66.6%) animals, and various degrees of
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis occurred in 28 (84.8%)
monkeys.
In addition, 28 (84.8%) tamarins demonstrated diffuse hepatocellular
vacuolation with mild lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates, possibly as a
result of the experimental infections, and peliosis hepatis occurred in 7
(21.2%) animals.

Clinical and Pathologic Features of Cynomolgus Macaques

(Macaca fascicularis) Infected with Aerosolized Yersinia pestis.
Vol 58, No 1
February 2008. The lethal dose of plague in humans is reputedly less
than 100 organisms.

Monkey B Virus (Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1). Vol 58, No 1

February 2008. B virus (Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1; BV) is an α-
herpesvirus that naturally infects conventional populations of
macaques. Serious disease due to BV is rare in macaques, but when
transmitted to humans, BV has a propensity to invade the central
nervous system and has a fatality rate greater than 70% if not treated
promptly.

Comparative Pathobiology of Kaposi Sarcomaassociated

Herpesvirus and Related Primate Rhadinoviruses. Vol 58, No 1
February 2008. Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV,
Human herpesvirus 8). Rhadinoviruses Saimiriine herpesvirus 2 and
Ateline herpesvirus 2 have well-described transforming capabilities.
Retroperitoneal fibromatosis herpesvirus and rhesus rhadinovirus
(Cercopithecine herpesvirus 17). Molecular analysis of these viruses
has elucidated several functionally conserved genes and properties
shared with KSHV involved in cellular proliferation, transformation, and
immune evasion that facilitate the oncogenic potential of these
viruses.

Comparative Pathobiology of Macaque Lymphocryptoviruses.

Vol 58, No 1 February 2008. Lymphocryptoviruses (LCVs) have been
identified as naturally occurring infections of both Old and New World
nonhuman primates. These viruses are closely related to Epstein–Barr
virus (EBV, Human herpesvirus 4) and share similar genomic
organization and biological properties. Nonhuman primate LCVs have
the ability to immortalize host cells and express a similar complement
of viral lytic and latent genes as those found in EBV. LCVs have the
ability to induce malignant lymphomas in immunodefi cient hosts and
have been associated with posttransplantation lymphoproliferative
disease in cynomolgus macaques undergoing solid organ
transplantation.

Polyomaviruses of Nonhuman Primates: Implications for

Research. Vol 58, No 1 February 2008. Polyomaviruses are a
family of small nonenveloped DNA viruses. Simian virus 40 (SV40),
which causes immunosuppression in Macaques.

Simian Parvoviruses: Biology and Implications for Research.

Vol 58, No 1 February 2008. Erythrovirus in the family Parvoviridae
are most closely related to the human virus B19. cynomolgus, rhesus,
and pigtailed macaques. All of the primate erythroviruses have a
predilection for erythroid precursors. Infection is usually clinically
silent. Disease from SPV is associated with immunosuppression due to
infection with various retroviruses (SIV, simian retrovirus, and simian–
human immunodeficiency virus).

Simian Varicella in Old World Monkeys. Vol 58, No 1 February

2008. Natural erythematous disease in Old World monkeys. SVV is
closely related to varicella–zoster virus, the causative agent of human
varicella and herpes zoster. Clinical signs of simian varicella include
fever, vesicular skin rash, and hepatitis. SVV establishes a lifelong
latent infection in neural ganglia.

Taxus sp. intoxication in three Francois’ langurs

(Trachypithecus francoisi). J Vet Diagn Invest 19:221–224 (2007).
Taxine alkaloids were detected by gas chromatography and mass
spectrometry of the gastric contents. Taxine produces an immediate
cardiotoxic effect by inducing conduction abnormalities and cardiac
arrest, with few premonitory signs. The toxic component, taxine B,
inhibits both calcium and sodium transport across the cell membrane
of the myocardial cells.

Round Cell Variant of Myxoid Liposarcoma in a Japanese Macaque (Macaca

fuscata). Vet Pathol 44:229–232 (2007). Reddish tan to white nodules, ranging from
0.5 to 1 cm in diameter, were noted throughout the omentum and retroperitoneum.
Round to polyhedral cells, which had round, often eccentric nuclei and abundant
eosinophilic granular and microvacuolated cytoplasm; Oil red O staining demonstrated
large numbers of lipid droplets in the cytoplasm.

A Mixed Epithelial and Stromal Tumor of the Kidney in a Ringtail Lemur (Lemur
catta). Vet Pathol 44:243–246 (2007). The mesenchymal cells were arranged in
fascicles around cysts lined by a well-differentiated epithelium.
Uterine Infarctions in Cynomolgus Monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Vet Pathol
44:309–313 (2007). uterine infarction is an uncommon finding in cynomolgus monkeys
and may occur secondary to a severe systemic illness, predisposing to DIC.

Epizootic of Tularemia in an Outdoor Housed Group of Cynomolgus Monkeys

(Macaca fascicularis). Vet Pathol 44:327–334 (2007). Pathologic findings were similar
in all monkeys that died and resembled the clinical picture of the human disease,
including an ulceroglandular syndrome with local lymphadenopathy, gingivostomatitis,
and systemic spread, with manifestations such as subacute necrotizing hepatitis,
granulomatous splenitis, and Pneumonia.

Chronic Polymyositis Associated with Disseminated Sarcocystosis in a Captive-born

Rhesus Macaque. Vet Pathol 44:695–699 (2007). diffuse pale streaking of the trunk,
lumbar, and limb muscles were noted macroscopically. On histology, numerous
elongated cysts that contained crescentshaped basophilic spores were found in the fibers
of skeletal muscles. Scattered affected myofibers were degenerate and accompanied by
eosinophilic-to-granulomatous inflammation.

Pathology of Inhalational Anthrax Infection in the African Green Monkey. Vet

Pathol 44:716–721 (2007). Frequent gross lesions noted in the AGM were hemorrhage
and edema in the lung, mediastinum, and mediastinal lymph nodes; pleural and
pericardial effusions; meningitis; and gastrointestinal congestion and hemorrhage.
Histopathologic findings included necrohemorrhagic lymphadenitis of mediastinal,
axillary, inguinal, and mesenteric lymph nodes; mediastinal edema; necrotizing splenitis;
meningitis; and congestion, hemorrhage, and edema of the lung, mesentery, mesenteric
lymph nodes, gastrointestinal tract, and gonads.

Acute Megakaryocytic Leukemia (AMKL)-like Disease in a

Cynomolgus Monkey (Macaca fascicularis) A 5-year-old male
cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) with a clinical history of bleeding
tendency, severe anemia, thrombocytopenia and elevated serum
concentration of liver-related enzymes. Gross: Ecchymotic hemorrhages
were present on the left eyelid and forehead. The liver, kidney and spleen
were markedly enlarged and the kidneys had capsular petechiae.
Microscopic: Myeloid-like cells in bone marrow, with myelofibrosis. Atypical
cells were also present in the blood vessels of the liver, kidney, spleen, lymph
nodes, lung, heart, bladder, adrenal gland and brain. Rare macronuclei and
multinucleated cells noted. Immunohistochemistry: The Von Willebrand
Factor and CD61-IIIa positive; myeloperoxidase negative. This monkey was
infected with simian retrovirus type D and it is possible that this viral
infection was associated with the development of neoplasia.

Transthyretin Amyloidosis and Two Other Aging-Related Amyloidoses in an Aged Vervet Monkey
Vet Path 2008 Jan: Amyloid consisting of transthyretin was deposited in heart wall and external tunica of
arterioles. The amyloid was also deposited in the stroma and arterioles of other systemic organs except the
liver and spleen. A second amyloid consisting of amyloid β protein was in senile plaques and cerebral
amyloid angiopathy in the cerebral cortex. A third amyloid consisting of islet amyloid polypeptide was
deposited in islets of the pancreas. Apolipoprotein E and amyloid P component colocalized with the 3
amyloids. Direct fast scarlet and Congo red stained the hyaline deposits; however, DFS showed less
nonspecific background than did Congo red but intensity of birefringence was stronger with Congo red than
with DFS

Malignant Nephroblastoma in a Common Marmoset Vet Path 2008 Jan: Malignant nephroblastoma,
also referred to as adenomyosarcoma or Wilms' tumor, is a renal neoplasia arising from metanephric
blastema, occurring in children under 10 years of age. Usually express several lines of differentiation,
including blastemal, epithelial, and stromal cells; It is a common neoplasm in swine, chickens and
represents a common renal tumor of rats, can be experimentally induced by prenatal exposure to the
carcinogen N-ethylnitrosouria.

Multisystemic Abscesses in African Green Monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops) with Invasive Klebsiella
pneumoniae—Identification of the Hypermucoviscosity Phenotype Vet Path 2008 Mar: Abscesses in
abdomen, lungs, cerebellum, and skin. Abdominal abscesses associated with adhesions entrapped loops of
bowel, forming palpable masses.

Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid-like Malformation (CCCM) in a Cynomolgus Monkey Vet Path 2008
Mar: CCCM is a rare fetal developmental abnormality of the lung chr by abnormal development of
terminal respiratory structures, resulting in an adenomatoid proliferation of bronchiolar elements and cyst
formation

Non-gestational Malignant Placental Site Trophoblastic Tumor of the Ovary in a 4-Year-Old Rhesus
Monkey Vet Path 2008 May: The tumor was histologically identified as predominantly composed of
intermediate trophoblastic cells, without prominent hemorrhages and the classic bilaminar pattern
of cyto- and syncytiotrophoblastic cells characteristic of choriocarcinoma. Immunohistochemical
analysis showed the presence of placental lactogen hormone in many tumor cells and chorionic
gonadotropin in a few multinucleated cells consistent with syncytiotrophoblastic differentiation.
Malignant trophoblastic tumors can be classified as choriocarcinoma, epithelioid trophoblastic tumor, or
placental site trophoblastic tumor. These tumors usually occur during or after gestation, but may
also rarely develop from germ cells in the absence of pregnancy. Choriocarcinoma, composed
of bilaminar cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast, can be found as a component of a mixed germ cell
tumor of the ovary, but pure nongestational choriocarcinoma is an extremely rare neoplasm in humans.
Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor is made of intermediate trophoblastic cells resembling those of
chorion laeve, mimics carcinoma, and was initially thought to result from incomplete response of
choriocarcinoma to chemotherapy. Placental site trophoblastic tumor is derived from
intermediatetrophoblastic cells of the placental bed, and nongestational forms have been reported in the
testis.

Ovarian Mucinous Cystadenoma with Smooth Muscle Proliferation in a Cynomolgus Monkey

(Macaca fascicularis Vet Path 2008 May): various sizes of multilocular cystic glands lined by a single
layer of mucin-filled epithelium. Each of these cystic glands was surrounded by a large amount of solid
fibrous stroma resembling smooth muscle. positive for a- smooth muscle actin and proliferating cell
nuclear antigen. Ultrastructurally, the glandular epithelium had numerous mucinous secretory granules
and microvilli.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome with Endometrial Hyperplasia in a Cynomolgus Monkey (Macaca

fascicularis). Vet Pathol 45:512–515 (2008). On postmortem examination, the uterus was moderately
enlarged, with an eccentric lumen and a broad-based endometrial polyp that consisted of complex
glandular hyperplasia with atypia. Both ovaries contained many 2- to 3-mm follicles, without any corpora
lutea. A diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome. hyperandrogenism and hyperinsulinemia. This syndrome
is commonly associated with insulin resistance and associ- ated hyperinsulinemia, luteinizing hormone
(LH) hypersecretion, abdominal obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, and endometrial
carcinoma.
Neuropathologic Findings in an Aged Albino Gorilla. Vet Pathol 45:531–537 (2008). numerous
corpora amylacea in some brain areas, especially the substantia nigra, and large numbers of axonal
spheroids associated with iron accumulation in the internal globus pallidus. Sequencing of the
gorilla PANK2 gene failed to detect any mutation. The clinical, neuropathologic, and genetic
findings in this gorilla point to an age-related pallido-nigral degeneration that presented with
pantothenate kinase 2 gene (PKAN)-like neurologic deficits.

Diagnostic Exercise: Papulovesicular Dermatitis in Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta). Vet Pathol
45:592–594 (2008). Eleven rhesus monkeys developed multifocal erythematous and a vesicular rash.
Findings were of vesicular dermatitis and widespread multifocal hemorrhagic necrosis of the lungs and
other viscera, with intralesional intranuclear inclusions. Simian varicella virus was identified as the cause
by polymerase chain reaction analysis and serologic testing.

Rhesus Lymphocryptovirus Type 1-associated B-cell Nasal Lymphoma in SIV-infected Rhesus

Macaques. Vet Pathol 45:914–921 (2008). Rhesus LCV (rhLCV), the rhesus viral homolog of EBV, has
been cloned and is
associated with B-cell lymphomas in immunosuppressed rhesus macaques. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is
a worldwide endemic gamma herpesvirus of the genusLymphocryptovirus (LCV). These tumors
demonstrate comparable viral athogenesis with EBV-induced nasal lymphomas in HIV-positive people.

Biphasic Malignant Testicular Sex Cord–Stromal Tumor in a Cotton-top Tamarin Saguinus oedipus)
with Review of the Literature. Vet Pathol 45:922–927 (2008). biphasic sex cord–stromal tumor, with
one region resembling Sertoli- cell tumor and one region resembling granulosa-cell tumor, with extensive
microfollicular pattern and many Call-Exner bodies. Metastases to abdominal displaced organs, was
highly infiltrative, and extended into the paravertebral musculature with lysis of vertebral bone lymph
node and lung were also resent. Histologic examination of the abdominal tumor showed multifocal
formation of Call-Exner bodies in an otherwise highly dedifferentiated population. Positive
immunolabeling for alpha inhibin confirmed the sex cord–stromal origin of the abdominal and
paravertebral tumor masses. This case has similarities to malignant testicular granulosa-cell tumor of
humans.

Obstructive Protein Cast Nephropathy in Cynomolgus Monkeys Treated with Small Organic
Molecules. Vet Pathol 45:945–948 (2008). Species specific- nephropathy developed when treated with
different therapeutic candidates having a common carboxylic acid moiety. Light microscopic changes
consisted of intratubular cast formation, tubular dilatation, interstitial inflammation, and expansion of
the medullary interstitium. Tubular cast material was identified as Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) and,
on ultrastructure, crystalloid material was present in vacuoles of tubular epithelium. It is hypothesized that
microcrystal formation in the urinary tubular spaces induces aggregation of THP protein and cast formation
in monkeys.

Generalized tularemia in a vervet monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops) and a patas

monkey (Erythrocebus patas) in a zoo. J Vet Diagn Invest 21:384–387 (2009).
Macroscopic lesions in each animal included disseminated, grayish-white foci in the
lungs, lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and kidney. All focal lesions were characterized
microscopically as purulent to pyogranulomatous to granulomatous inflammation with
necrosis. Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica strains were isolated.

Ductal Plate Malformation in a Nonhuman Primate: Fetal ductal plate malformations represent
disruption or failure of the epithelial-mesenchymal interaction during fetal development of the liver that
results in expansion of portal areas by an excess of embryonic bile ducts and fibrous tissue. Cases reported
in animals: Caroli's disease (young dogs), biliary atresia (dog, foal), Caroli syndrome (rat), and congenital
hepatic fibrosis (calf). In this report spindle cells dispersed within collagen, up to 200 µm in width, in
portal areas. A diagnosis of congenital hepatic fibrosis with von Meyenburg complexes, was made.

Idiopathic Chondrolysis Condition in Two Young, Wild-caught Cynomolgus Monkeys (Macaca

fascicularis) Reared in Captivity: Idioapathic chondrolysis is seen in adolescent African females, at hip
joint, mostly unilateral. Chr by loss and erosion of articular cartilage in femur and acetabulum, synovial
thickening, osteoporosis. Similar findings were seen in two monkeys.

Vasoformative Disorder, Resembling Littoral Cell Angioma, of the Spleen in a Geriatric Japanese
Macaque (Macaca fuscata). Vet Pathol 46:520–525 (2009). The enlarged spleen

consisted of neoplastic proliferation of anastomosing vascular channels resembling morphologic structures

of red pulp sinuses; occasionally, papillary fronds were seen in dilated channels. Immunohistochemically,
the lining cells reacted to both endothelial cell (von Willebrand factor) and macrophage (macrophage
scavenger receptor class A) markers, indicating features of littoral cells of the spleen. Littoral
cells)-“specialized endothelial cells that line the splenic sinuses.2 These specialized sinus endothelial cells
normally lie on a fenestrated basement membrane and are separated by tight junctional
complexes.3 Consistent with the blood filtration function of the splenic sinuses, littoral cells display an
endothelial and histiocytic immunophenotype, and in contrast to conventional endothelial cells, they are
negative for CD34.”

Peripheral Edema with Hypoalbuminemia in a Nonhuman Primate Infected with

Simian–Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Case Report: clinically, there was slight
peripheral edema, hypoalbuminemia, and proteinuria, consistent with nephrotic
syndrome. Histologically, there was membrano- proliferative glomerulonephritis, the
result of immune complex deposition.

Pheochromocytoma in Six New World Primates. Vet Pathol 46:662–666 (2009).

Unilateral (4/6) or bilateral (1/6) adrenal or extra-adrenal (1/6) pheochromocytoma by
Chromogranin A positive. No invasion or metastasis, these are benign. All 6 primates
had myocardial fibrosis, and some had arteriosclerosis.

Pathology of Inhalational Francisella tularensis spp. tularensis SCHU S4 Infection

in African Green Monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops). Vet Pathol 46:698–706 (2009).
heart, mediastinum, diaphragm, liver, urinary bladder, urethra, and mesentery.
Necrotizing vasculitis of blood vessels within a pulmonary lesion. Surrounding
parenchyma is obscured by necrosis, inflammation, edema, and hemorrhage.
Ultrastructurally, bacteria were present within cytoplasmic vacuoles of alveolar
macrophages, many of which were degenerate.

Fatal poxvirus outbreak in a colony of New World monkeys (NWM). pp212-18.

March 2006 MT
- Pox virus uncommon in NHP
- Marmosets & tamarins w/epizootic; erosive-ulcerative lesions of oral mucous
membranes, hemorrhagic lesions on skin
all over, but MAINLY face, scrotum, soles, palms; papules & vesicles;
necrotizing lymphadenitis
- ICIB in epithelial cells; no ICIB in mucosal lesions; Guarnieri bodies = large ICIB in
epithelia, caused by infection with vaccinia or variola (smallpox)
- sequenced orthopox virus, probably cowpox (vaccinia) virus; EM – ovoid to brick-
shaped, w/pale central core

Clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical features of an undifferentiated renal

tubular carcinoma in a juvenile olive baboon (Papio anubis). J Vet Diagn Invest
21:535–539 (2009). Microscopically, elongated and irregular tubules were lined by 2 or
more layers of atypical epithelial cells. Positive for cytokeratin, vimentin, and S-100
protein and negative for a-actin and desmin. Positive nuclear staining for Ki-67 was
observed. The neoplasm was diagnosed as an undifferentiated renal tubular carcinoma.
Pleomorphic leiomyosarcoma in the hind leg of a Taiwanese macaque (Macaca
cyclopis). J Vet Diagn Invest 21:564–567 (2009). Microscopically, the mass was
highly cellular and composed of round to spindle cells with frequent rhabdoid cells
characterized by abundant eosinophilic glassy cytoplasmic inclusions and large,
bizarre nuclei. Phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin staining failed to reveal distinct
cross-striations within the neoplastic cells. Neoplastic cells
were strongly positive for smooth muscle actin and vimentin but were negative
for sarcomeric actin, myoglobin, desmin, cytokeratin, S100, and lysozyme. The
gross, microscopic, and immunohistochemical findings supported the diagnosis of
pleomorphic leiomyosarcoma.

Trichomonad Gastritis in Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta) Infected with Simian

Immunodeficiency Virus: Two histopathologic manifestations of gastritis were observed:
seven cases of lymphoplasmacytic gastritis with trichomonad trophozoites within lumens
of gastric glands and four cases of necrosuppurative gastritis containing intralesional
periodic acid–Schiff-positive protozoa. protozoa were 4–35 µm in diameter and round to
tear-shaped. Tritrichomonas can be a significant cofactor in the development of
necrosuppurative gastritis in SIV-infected rhesus macaques.

Systemic AA Amyloidosis in the Common Marmoset: Approximately 17% of marmosets

had amyloid deposits in one or more organs, including the liver, adrenal glands, kidneys,
and intestine. The amyloid composed of serum amyloid A (SAA)–related protein. No
significant pathologic differences in animals with amyloid versus those without;
furthermore, the serum SAA concentrations in the two groups were comparable.

12. Ovarian Epithelioid Trophoblastic Tumor in a Cynomolgus Monkey: Epithelioid

trophoblastic tumor (ETT) is an unusual type of trophoblastic tumor, with features
resembling carcinoma. Lobulated mass replacing the left ovary and several nodules in
lungs. Histo: nests of epithelioid cells, with intermingled multinucleate tumor cells
consistent with syncytiotrophoblasts and moderate amount of eosinophilic, hyaline-like
material. IHC= cytokeratins and inhibin- positive, but occasionally positive for hCG
whereas placental alkaline phosphatase was always negative. Choriocarcinoma are
diffusely positive for cytokeratins and bHCG, but only syncytiotrophoblastic tumor cells
are positive for inhibin- .

13. Ovarian Choriocarcinoma in a Rhesus Monkey Associated with Elevated Serum

Chorionic Gonadotropin Levels: mass in the right ovary with metastases to the adjacent
mesentery and lungs. The histo and IHC were consistent with the choriocarcinoma.
Neoplastic cell types included cytotrophoblast (positive for cytokeratin),
syncytiotrophoblast (positive for human chorionic gonadotropin), and extravillous
trophoblast (positive for human placental lactogen). The monkey had elevated serum
levels of chorionic gonadotropin.

13. KIT-positive Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor in a 22-year-old Male Chimpanzee:

2-cm intramural tumor present in the stomach; Histo: the mass was composed of spindle
to polygonal epithelioid cells arranged in interlacing streams, bundles, and nodular
whorls IHC: cells were diffusely positive for KIT and CD34, focally positive for -sMA,
and negative for muscle specific actin, desmin, S-100 protein, synaptophysin, and GFAP.

16. Intestinal Stromal Tumors in a Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-infected, Simian

Retrovirus-2 Negative Rhesus Macaque: Intra-abdominal fibromatosis is an uncommon
tumor that primarily affects the mesentery or retroperitoneum but may extend into, or
even arise from the intestinal wall, mimicking a primary gastrointestinal neoplasm.
Retroperitoneal fibromatosis (RF) is one of several mesenchymoproliferative disorders
(MPD) that have been described in macaques with simian-acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome (SAIDS) associated with simian retrovirus type-D (SRV-2) infection.
Submucosa of the distal colon and rectum contained five large, well-circumscribed, firm
masses, composed of bundles of spindeloid cells. PCR of tumor and spleen revealed
presence of retroperitoneal fibromatosis herpesvirus, the macaque homologue of the
Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (human herpesvirus-8). Spindeloid cells were
positive for vimentin and CD117 but were negative for CD31, CD68, desmin, and SMA,
hence Dx of GIST.

Collagenofibrotic Glomerulonephropathy in a Cynomolgus Macaque: Collagenofibrotic

glomerulonephropathy (CFGN) is characterized by the deposition of type III collagen within the mesangial
matrix and the absence of mesangial cell proliferation. Clinically, the animal was shown to have severe
systemic edema along with hypoproteinemia. At necropsy, the kidneys were swollen and pale. The
glomerular lesions were characterized by massive diffuse and global accumulation of fibrous materials in
the mesangial areas. The fibrous materials was congo red, SMA, PAS negative and positive with Trichrome
and confirmed by the IHC and EM to consist mainly of randomly arranged, curve-shaped, twisted, and
entwined type III collagen.

Spontaneous Cardiomyopathy in Cynomolgus Monkeys (Macaca Fascicularis).

Toxicologic Pathology, 37: 814-818, 2009. Apical to mid-ventricular myocar dium to
subendocardium : Foci of cardiomyocyte disarray with cytoplasmic pallor to stippling
and karyomegaly, vacuolization of the perimyseal connective tissue, a meshwork of
fibrous tissue that concentrated around medium-sized blood vessels and dissected
between or less often replaced affected cardiomyocytes; and a minimal, predominantly
macrophage infiltrate. The disrupted cardiomyocytes were immunoreactive to desmin
and troponin-I antibodies and had a normal cross-striation pattern by PTAH, indicating
the chronic cardiomyopathy was not associated with active cardiomyocyte damage. The
features were reminiscent of chronic catecholamine-induced experimental
cardiomyopathy and stress cardiomyopathy in monkeys and humans, respectively.