ENERGY EFFICIENCIES

WHAT DO I NEED TO KNOW ABOUT ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN MY WINERY?

AUDITING ENERGY USE AND DETERMINING CONSUMPTION INFORMATION
What sources of energy does my winery use?
1. electrical power grid HOVER LI! "O #O#$%# &'LLO WI"H (ORE I)O
*. onsite nonrenewa+le fuels, natural gas- fuel oil- petroleum- distilled alcohol- etc. LI! *
.. renewa+le, hydroelectric- solar- wind- +iofuel- geothermal- etc. LI! .
What is the /uality of the electrical power we use- its impact on 0oltage tolerances of e/uipment?
What percentage of energy sources used is car+on neutral with lower en0ironmental impact?
Is the current utility fee schedule optimi1ed for my current usage profile?
How much of each energy source does my winery use?
How much of each energy source does my winery use for each operation?
How does my winery2s energy needs 0ary o0er time?
How much energy is used for each gallon of wine produced?
How does my winery2s energy use compare to industry standards? LI! 3
ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND CONSERVATION PROGRAMS
're we utili1ing programs to optimi1e energy efficiency and control consumption?
1. assign an in house energy manager
*. de0elop an in house energy management program
.. esta+lish +aselines using appropriate measures of performance for each system and /uantify
current energy uses and losses LI! 4
3. set annual energy reduction goals
4. utili1e local utilities to assist in energy audits and o+tain ta5 incenti0e credits and re+ates
What are we doing to reduce and offset 6H6 emissions associated with the pac7age we use?
1. reduced weight glass
*. reduced other pac7aging weight $ card+oard- la+els- capsules- print
.. utili1ing alternati0e containers
3. 8O* e/ui0alents offset practices
9o we plan strategically to reduce fuels used for transportation?
1. optimi1e process flow to reduce unnecessary or redundant steps
*. schedule shipping to optimi1e efficient use of transport 0essels
.. schedule purchasing to optimi1e transportation energy
3. use alternati0e to traditional fossil fuel road transport: i.e. rail- electric- hy+rids
4. encourage company and employee ride share and carpools
;. utili1e truly car+on neutral +io$fuels

What ha0e we done to optimi1e our refrigeration efficiencies?
1. replace <haded #ole and #ermanent <plit$8apacitor =#<8> motors with Electronically
8ommutated =E8> motors LI! ;
*. optimi1e suction pressure to reduce compressor power and sa0e energy LI! ?
.. 0aria+ly ad@ust condenser set$point temperatures to optimi1e compressor pressure difference for
0arying am+ient temperatures LI! A
3. install a thermosyphon oil cooler to replace li/uid in@ection oil cooling LI! B
4. increase <ystem #iping 9iameter LI! 1C
;. purge non$condensa+le gases LI! 11
?. reduced e5cess heat gain from, interior lights =replace with LE9>- inade/uate defrosting-
inade/uate insulation- e5cessi0e air e5change- worn weather stripping- etc.
A. clean coils at recommended le0els
B. perform cooling tower water treatment at regular inter0als
1C. shift electric consumption into less e5pensi0e Off$#ea7 times
11. replace air cooled condensers with e0aporati0e condensers
1*. o0ersi1e condensers where possi+le
1.. utili1e heat reco0ery from refrigeration processes when possi+le
CHECKLIST OF QUESTIONS TO ANSWER
13. insulate refrigeration lines
14. install a thermal ice storage systems
1;. insulate @ac7eted and non$@ac7eted tan7s
1?. optimi1e tan7 0olumes
1A. utili1e electro dialysis for tartrate remo0al
1B. use R$3C3 or 4C? ammonia refrigerants
*C. utili1e high efficiency heat e5changers
*1. install 0aria+le speed control on condenser and e0aporator fans
**. cycle e0aporator and condenser fans
*.. install computer controls for optimal compressor efficiency
*3. optimi1e defrost control LI! 1*
*4. utili1e a+sorption refrigerator systems which use a heat source to achie0e cooling LI! 1.

're we using the most efficient lighting sources and controls a0aila+le?
1. replace HI9 fi5tures with "4 or "A fluorescent high +ay fi5tures
*. install "4 or "A fluorescent fi5tures with electronic +allasts in office- la+- and common areas
.. install compact fluorescent fi5tures in +athroom and common areas
3. install LE9 e5it signs
4. replace 8ompact fluorescent fi5tures with LE9 white light fi5tures or con0ert fluorescence
fi5tures to LE9 LI! 13
;. utili1e lighting controls such as time cloc7s- +y$passDdelay timers- photocells- and motion
detectors
?. clean lighting fi5tures once a year
A. eliminate unused +allasts and remo0e +urned out lamps to a0oid +allast damage
B. reduce lighting le0els where appropriate
1C. natural lighting = i.e 9aylighting $ use of windows and s7ylights>
're we utili1ing programs to maintain and operate all motors- +elts- dri0es- fans- pumps and
compressors for optimum energy efficiency?
1. install properly si1ed premium efficiency motors
*. utili1e directly coupled dri0e systems rather than mechanical dri0e LI! 14
.. utili1e high tor/ue or synchronous dri0e V$+elts or cogged +elts
3. install timers and sensor controls to turn off during idle time
4. use an ' <ystem 'pproach for most efficient pump energy reduction LI! 1;
;. install properly si1ed energy efficient pumps and fans LI! 1?
?. install solid state 0aria+le speed dri0es on pumps and fans LI! 1A
A. replace tower fill material with cellular film
B. install energy efficient spray no11les- airfoil fans- and motors on tower fans and pumps
1C. install * speed energy efficient motors on condenser fans
11. utili1e floating head pressure control
1*. utili1e floating suction pressure control
1.. replace reciprocating compressors with properly si1ed screw compressors LI! 1B
13. #L8 controlled e/uipment using e5ternal control of compressor cylinder loading and unloading
14. install automatic compressor se/uencing controls and shut off timers
1;. perform regular pre0entati0e maintenance
9o we manage our water practices to reduce associated energy needs?
1. utili1e high efficiency +oilers
*. install stac7 thermometer and +oiler ma7e up water meter
.. install time cloc7s on +oilers and aerators
3. perform recommended maintenance on +oilers and aerators
4. employ time$of$use rates when possi+le
;. perform regular com+ustion analysis on +oilers =airDfuel mi5ture>
?. water test and treatment at recommended inter0als
A. insulate hot water and steam lines
B. heat reco0ery off of stac7s to preheat in$ta7e water
1C. full modulating +urners =0aries +urner +ased on demand>
11. +ase +oiler +low down on the amount of total dissol0ed solids
1*. install proper steam traps- condensate storage tan7s and pressuri1ed return systems
1.. match steam load to +oiler output
13. automatic pump shutoff on lowDno demand
14. affecti0e pre$screening of fluids into ponds
1;. install premium efficiency motors
1?. install 0aria+le speed motors to 0ary speed +ased on demand
1A. install dissol0ed o5ygen sensors in ponds
1B. install fine +u++le diffusion aerators
What ha0e we done to optimi1e our +uilding en0elope?
1. optimi1e insulation on +uilding and tan7s
*. utili1e night air cooling
.. utili1e solar screens to reduce heat gain
3. install strip curtains on conditioned +uildings with high traffic
4. energy efficient timers and sensors for HV'8
What ha0e we done to optimi1e our process flow and +uilding efficiency design?
1. gra0ity feed instead of pump
*. efficient e/uipment layout
're we using any forms of alternati0e andDor renewa+le energy?
1. solar
*. wind
.. +io$fuels
3. other
CARBON FOOTPRINTING AND CARBON OFFSETS
What is my winery2s car+on footprint?
1. Euantify car+on footprint of all production components
*. WRI +ased green house gas protocol F International Wine 8ar+on 8alculator
.. LIVE closure 8O* calculator and energy use summary
9o we utili1e any car+on se/uestering practices?
1. grape marc composting
*. 0ineyards
9o we employ any car+on offsets or credits?
1. +io$mass con0ersion to heat or fuels
ENERGY EFFICIENT PRACTICES AND EMPLOYEE TRAINING
9oes my winery educate and train employees in the use of energy efficient practices?
1. employees recei0e training in energy and water conser0ation
*. assigned an energy manager and team
9o we notify employees of company energy programs and accomplishments?
1. inform employees and costumers a+out efforts to impro0e efficiencies
9oes my winery ha0e an employee incenti0e program?
1. incenti0e and recognition programs for achie0ement of energy efficiency goals
ESTABLISHING AN INHERENT SYSTEM TO CONTINUOUSLY IMPROVE ENERGY EFFICIENCY
9o we ha0e commitment from e5ecuti0e through all le0els to impro0e energy efficiency?
Is a continuous impro0ement system im+edded in your energy management program?
RESOUCES:
Washington <tate 9epartment of Ecology http,DDwww.ecy.wa.go0DtreeDinde5.html
&est Winery httpDD+est$winery.l+l.go0D
&onne0ille #ower 'dministration http,DDwww.+pa.go0DcorporateD
#acific #ower http,DDwww.pacificpower.netDHomepageDHomepage.4?4C.html
&enton RE' http,DDwww.+entonrea.comD
&enton #%9 http,DDwww.+entonpud.orgD
8onsortium for Energy Efficiency- Inc. http,DDwww.cee1.orgD
9epartment of Energy http,DDwww.eere.energy.go0D
"he World Resources Institute 6H6 protocol http,DDwww.wri.orgDpro@ectDghg$protocol
"he Wine Institute wine green house gas protocol http,DDwww.wineinstitute.orgDghgprotocol
Winema7ers )ederation of 'ustralia http,DDwww.wfa.org.auDen0ironment.htm
En0ironmental #rotection 'gency http,DDwww.epa.go0DsmartwayD
"he Wine Institute winery water guide http,DDwww.wineinstitute.orgDwinerywaterguide
)ood (iles 8alculator http,DDwww.leopold.iastate.eduDpu+sDstaffDfilesDfoodGtra0elC?*1C..pdf
'merican 'ssociation of Wine Economists http,DDwww.wine$economics.orgDwor7ingpapersD''WEGW#CB.pdf
Integrated #roduction of Wines in <outh 'frica http,DDwww.ipw.co.1aD
LIVE http,DDwww.li0einc.orgDwineries.html
Energy Industries http,DDwww.energy$industries.com
Integrated Renewa+le energy http,DDintergratedrenewa+leenergy.com
&ioEnergy Washington http,DDwww.+ioenergy.wa.go0D
8entral Washington &iodiesel http,DDwww.cw+iodiesel.comD
Special Ta!"# T$ Te F$ll$%i!& F$' Tei' C$!('i)*(i$!#:
T$+ O#)$'!, Meca!ical E!&i!ee', B$!!e-ille P$%e' A.+i!i#('a(i$!
B'a.le/ D0 Mille', A&'ic*l(*'e Sec($' Lea., B$!!e-ille P$%e' A.+i!i#('a(i$!
Bill Cle+e!#, Re&i$!al C$++*!i(/ Ma!a&e', Paci1ic P$%e'
B'*ce E(2el, C$++*!i(/ De-el$p+e!( 3 Me+)e' Rela(i$!# Ma!a&e', Be!($! REA
Ke-i! Fi#ce', Ke/ Acc$*!(# Rep'e#e!(a(i-e, Be!($! PUD
Wa#i!&($! Depa'(+e!( $1 Ec$l$&/ TREE (ea+
Me'/l Ric"e/, E!$l$&i#(, S!$4*al+ie, S(e0 Micelle Wi!e E#(a(e#
Wa''e! Ke!!e/, Mai!(e!a!ce S*pe'-i#$' S!$4*al+ie, S(e0 Micelle Wi!e E#(a(e#
5e11 Pae#c"e, Tec!ical Speciali#( P'$6ec(#, S(e0 Micelle Wi!e E#(a(e#
LI! 1
Electrical power provided over the grid is comprised of a majority of non-renewable and some renewable generation. Unless
they specifically purchase renewable, it should be counted as nonrenewable. This is distinct from carbon neutral, since nuclear
energy can be considered carbon neutral.

LI! *
As distinct from power sourced from the grid. Alcohol conventionally distilled from corn is a net energy user and should not
be considered renewable.
LI! .
This can be generated on-site or purchased through the utility. It should be noted that each of these has various carbon
footprints and environmental conseuences that may need a prioriti!ation scheme of its own. "ydroelectric can refer to
hydroelectric dams, run-of-the-river low head turbines, wave, or tidal generation.
LI! 3
The #ode of $ustainable %inegrowing &ractices $elf-Assessment %or'boo' suggests an industry standard of (.) gallons of
water to every gallon of wine produced.

LI! 4
A thermodynamic energy balance is really the only way to get a handle on energy efficiency. This might be accomplished
through heat signature measurement. *uantification of losses as thermodynamic energy balance is the best means of
identifying unnecessary energy use.
LI! ;
There are two primary reasons you should consider using E# motors+ ,egulatory #ompliance and Energy Efficiency. -irst,
effective .anuary /, (001, #alifornia Energy #ommission 2#E#3 Title (0 will reuire all new unit coolers used in wal'-in
coolers and free!ers to be euipped with E# motors. 4ther states are also considering this legislation and will li'ely adopt
similar language within the ne5t few years. $econdly, E# motors are much more efficient than &$# or $haded &ole motor
offerings. E# motors by Inter6in' are up to 789 efficient:that;s a 8/-8)9 increase over shaded-pole motors and a <0-<89
increase over permanent split-capacitor 2&$#3 motors. Additionally, these motors run cooler than &$# or shaded pole motors,
introducing less heat into the refrigerated space and further increasing energy savings.
LI! ?
,aise suction temperature to the highest possible for particular loads at any time. =rop suction 2low-side3 pressure>temperature
to maintain colder loads. ,aising suction pressure decreases compressor wor'.
LI! A
A useful guideline says you can e5pect the efficiency of your system;s compressors to improve by /.<9 for each degree - in
lower saturated condensing temperature.
LI! B
4il seals, cools, and lubricates screw compressors, liuid-refrigerant injection cooling uses 8-/89 of compressor power to
recompress refrigerant.
LI! 1C
$mall piping diameter reuires higher pressure to overcome friction losses.
LI! 11
?on-condensable gases, such as air or #4(, reduce the effective surface area of the condenser that could condense refrigerant
vapor, thereby decreasing heat e5changer efficiency.
LI! 1*
Evaporator coils must be free of ice to ma5imi!e heat transfer. Use hot gas or water defrost instead of electric defrost. "igh-
pressure refrigerant uses less energy than electric heaters. ,educe defrost time by using airflow sensors and thermocouples can
stop the defrost system as soon as the ice has melted.
LI! 1.
These use a heat source to achieve cooling and can reduce the electricity reuirement by 10 to )09. This technology has found
good acceptance in locations having waste heat or access to cheaper alternative fuels.
LI! 13
$ome facts about converting to 6E= lighting+
$ave money @ low temp and low voltage
Ultra strong and robust @ no glass or filaments to brea'
Aero maintenance @ lifetime B 78,000 hours
Environmentally friendly @ no mercury
$uperior light uality @ mimics sunlight, no flic'ering>bu!!ing
COST COMPARISON CHART
(BASED ON 100 FIXTURES)
Existing Watts
Hours pr !a"
#ost pr $WH
ANNUAL ENERGY COST
Hour%" Rat
Rp%a&'nt Ti'
(ar%" Rp%a&'nts
ANNUAL LABOR COST
) o* +a'ps
) Ti's Rp%a&!
ANNUAL LAMP COST
TOT. ANNUAL COST
SAVINGS:
Incandescent
,0
-,
.0/10
.0120,/00
.-2/00
00'in/
-/3
.014-2/00
-5.0/-2 a
-/3
.11662/00
.3101,/00
$8,8!.
"#$%&escent
17
-,
.0/10
.11,63/00
.-2/00
00'in/
0/3
.111-2/00
-5.,/64 a
0/3
.672/00
.01,66/00
$',()8.
LE*
-/,
-,
.0/10
.-10/00
.-2/00
00'in/
0
.0/00
0
0
.0/00
.-10/00
LI! 14
=irectly coupled drive systems are more efficient than mechanical drives and ta'e up less space. ?ew permanent-magnet
synchronous motors can generate sufficient speed and torue without necessitating an intervening gearbo5.
LI! 1;
To design an energy efficient pump system all of the following criteria should be ta'en into account+
a. Casic plant layout
b. &ipe wor' configuration and restrictions
c. 6iuid velocity in pipe wor'
d. $ystem characteristics and pump selection
e. &ump>$ystem control
LI! 1?
6oo' for symptoms associated with inefficient energy consumption+
D Throttle-valve control for the system
D #avitation noise or damage in the system
D #ontinuous pump operation to support a batch process
D #onstant number of parallel pumps supporting a process with changing demands
D Cypass or recirculation line normally open
D "igh system maintenance
D $ystems that have undergone change in function.
Pumping System Assessment Too !PSAT" S#$es Ene%gy
The &umping $ystem Assessment Tool 2&$AT3 software uses data that is typically available or easily obtained in the field 2e.g.,
pump head, flow rate, and motor power3 to estimate potential energy and dollar savings in industrial pump systems. The
software, developed by the U.$. =epartment of Energy 2=4E3 Industrial Technologies &rogram 2IT&3 is available at no cost for
evaluating industrial pump systems.
$moothing the outer front and bac' shroud of the impeller can be a cost-efficient procedure to improve pump efficiency and
reduce the clearance of the sealing gaps to the smallest possible value in order to increase the volumetric efficiency. -rom
investigations based on statistically evaluated data it is 'nown, that the largest potential regarding an improvement of efficiency
e5ists at low specific speeds.
Earious conditions that decrease the efficiency of your pump should be chec'ed for and corrected. These include,
/. &ac'ing generates appro5imately si5 times as much heat as a balanced mechanical seal. #arbon film, polymeric
composite, or Ultrananocrystalline-=iamond 2U?#=3 mechanical seals demonstrate generally higher efficiencies.
(. %ear rings and impeller clearances are critical. Anything that causes these tolerances to open will cause internal
recirculation that is wasting power as the fluid is returned to the suction of the pump. If the wear ring is rubbing, the
generated heat is consuming power.
<. A bypass line installed from the discharge side of the pump to the suction piping. The heat generated from this
recirculation can, in some cases, cause pump cavitation as it heats the incoming liuid.
F. A double volute design pump restricts the discharge passage lowering the overall efficiency.
8. ,unning the pump with a throttled discharge valve.
G. Eroded or corroded internal pump passages will cause fluid turbulence.
7. Any restrictions in the pump or piping passages such as product build up, a foreign object, or a stuc' chec' valve.
1. 4ver lubricated or over loaded bearings.
). ,ubbing is a major cause of energy loss. It can be caused by+
Hisalignment between the pump and driver.
&ipe strain.
Impeller imbalance.
A bent shaft.
A close fitting bushing.
6oose hardware.
A protruding gas'et rubbing against the mechanical seal.
#avitation. 28 'inds3
"armonic vibration.
Improper assembly of the bearings, seal, wear rings, pac'ing, lip seals etc..
Thermal e5pansion of various components in high temperature applications. The impeller can hit the volute, the
wear rings can come into physical contact etc.
$olids rubbing against the rotating components, especially the seal.
4perating too far off of the best efficiency point of the pump.
%ater hammer and pressure surges.
4perating at a critical speed.
=ynamic, non o-ring elastomers that cannot fle5 and roll, but must slide, eventually fretting the shaft or sleeve.
A build up of product on the inside of the stuffing bo5 rubbing against the mechanical seal.
Irease or lip seals rubbing the shaft ne5t to the bearings.
4ver tightening pac'ing or improper seal installation.
LI! 1A
Comparison of energy losses for throttling/on-of/VSD drive control
Fitting VSDs will enable you to control the motor speed in order to match the speed need
from the equipment it is driving.
A 2! speed reduction can result in a power reduction of close to "!.
VSDs are relatively simple to install or retro#t.
$tili%ing an &lectrical variable speed drive is the simplest and most economical way of
controlling the pump and matching it to the pump system' providing it is mainly frictional.
LI! 1B
Ad+anta,es
1.E5cellent individual full-load and part-load efficiency.
2.#hillers operating with multiple compressors on common refrigeration circuits provide better partload efficiency 2I&6E3 than
chillers with a single large screw compressor and capacity controls.
3.Eery few moving parts 2three3.
4.&roven reliability.
5.A single compressor failure in a chiller with multiple refrigeration circuits results in loss of capacity, but the chiller can
remain in service.
6.Eery uiet operation.
7.Eery low vibration.
8.#ontinuous compression process with almost no pulsation or vibration.
9.&recise machining permits sealing vane flan's with a thin film of oil.
/0.?on-compliant designs 2where there is no contact between the scrolls3 have very low friction, which improves efficiency.
*-sad+anta,es
/.#ompressor cannot be disassembled in field for maintenance.
(.Incremental capacity control on systems with multiple compressors.