CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW
The oldest known mechanical functioning lock was an Egyptian door lock used about
2000BC, made of wood and fastened vertically on the door post, the wooden block contained
moveable pins or pin tumblers that dropped by gravity into openings in the cross piece of
bolts and locked the door. It was operated by a wooden key with pegs that raised the number
of tumblers sufficiently to clear the bolt so that it could be pulled back. The major disadvantage
with it is that it was wholly made of wood as in [1].
With the fast growing of technology, the lock has evolved from only pure mechanical
type into electrical and electronic type. With the assemblage of electronic and mechanic at
system, the lock has developed into a high-tech style which uses some special authentication
method. Usually, it is called electronic lock or smart lock as it can operate based on the given
information. In the current market, there are many authentication methods to trigger the
electronic lock including, button sequence, radio frequency identification (RFID), biometric,
security token and etc. Generally, these kinds of authentication use the embedded system to
process or verify password or data entered by the users. The intruders have to spend quite a time
to crack these kinds of high tech lock as in [2] [3].
Is about the electronic code lock, which is designed to respond to an electronic logic
signal mechanism, with a digit sequence counter performing the function of a key. They are
operated by inputting the correct code by external means through a keypad into a microcontroller
which already have a pin number in its EEPROM memory (internal) to compare with, so that if it
is correct (that is the pin number inputted by the user), It activates the port to which the LED is
connected (the load that represents the door) as in [5].
However, password seems to be the main authentication method for some period due to
the consideration of dependability, safety, user friendly of the technologies and confidentiality.
But there will always a conflict between safety and user friendly as in [4].
When we think of locks, we think of a bolt containing a notch known as a talon, which is
operated by moving the bolt backwards or forward by engaging a key in the talon. But there is
more to locks than just a bolt or latch. A lock is a mechanical device that can be use for securing
doors, cabinets, lid of brief cases or other luggage as in [1].





SUMMERY
From the research that we carried out; We observed that there is a weakeness in
security of DOOR LOCK for many years, thats why peoples try to stop that weakness
from day to day by conducting different projects conserning DOOR LOCK SYSTEMS.

References.
[1] www.freepatentonline.com/History_locks and safe/5775142.html, pp.3-6.
[2] James Ohwofasa Akpeninor. (2012). Modern Concepts of Security. book, AuthorHouse,
chapter 6, pp. 86-97.
[3] Bill Ballad, Tricia Ballad and Erin Banks. (2011). Access Control, Authentication, and
Public Key Infrastructure. Book, Jones & Bartlett Learning, Chapter 1, pp. 13-15.
[4] Wiedenbeck, S., Waters, J., Birget, J.C., Brodskiy, A., and Memon, N. PassPoints: design
and longitudinal evaluation of a graphical password system. International Journal of Human-
Computer Studies, 63, (2005), pp. 102-127.
[5] Stan Dsouza, multiplexing LED drive and a 4X4 Keypad Sampling, Microchip
Technology Inc., Application Note 529, DS000529E, November 1997, pp 27.