DEFINITIONS FROM TEXT BOOK AND INTERNET

INTRODUCTION
The assignment about the twelve definitions from two different sources is defined according
to the definitions that are available in the textbook used either within the chapters or from the
glossaries available by the end of the chapter and from online internet references. By the end
of this assignment some of the recommendations and conclusions are made as well as
referencing the online sources of definitions.
DEFINITIONS
i. Literature:
1. According to the textbook the definition is !Literature is referred to the entirety of
written expression, with the restriction that not every written document can be
categorized as literature in the more exact sense of the word".
#. According to the online reference the definition is !Literature is a term used to
describe written or spoken material. Broadly speaking, "literature" is used to describe
anything from creative writing to more technical or scientific works, but the term is
most commonly used to refer to works of the creative imagination, including works of
poetry, drama, fiction, and nonfiction".
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ii. Text:
1. According to the textbook the definition is !The word text is related to the word
textile which is ust as single threads from fabric in textile, so words and sentences
form a meaningful and coherent text".
#. According to the online reference the definition is !Text is any piece of writing or
obect being studied".
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iii. &enre:
1. According to the textbook the definition is !The term !enre usually refers to one of
the three classic literary tradition forms of epic, drama, or poetry".
#. According to the online reference the definition is !!enre "zhahnr#, the $rench term
for a type, species, or class of composition. % literary genre is a recognizable and
established category of written work employing such common conventions as will
prevent readers or audiences from mistaking it for another kind".
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(ubaidah Abdul )ehman *ntroduction to Literature B*+ #,,-#,., /age 1 of 0
DEFINITIONS FROM TEXT BOOK AND INTERNET
iv. Text Type:
1. According to the textbook the definition is !The term text type refers to highly
conventional written documents such as instruction manuals, sermons, obituaries,
advertising texts, catalogues, and scientific or scholarly writing which can also
include three main literary genres and their sub&genres".
#. According to the online reference the definition is !'ifferent cultures recognize
different types of discourse depending on a combination of factors, such as mode
(spoken or written text), tenor (level of formality of the text), field (topic), intended
purpose and audience, and specific features (for example, some text types include an
introductory address). *xamples of written text types are personal and business
letters, forms, manuals, and reviews. +poken text types include weather forecasts,
lectures, sports commentaries, and news bulletins".
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v. 1iscourse:
1. According to the textbook the definition is !'iscourse is referring to a variety of
written and oral manifestations which share common thematic or structural features
which is any kind of classifiable linguistic expression".
#. According to the online reference the definition is !'iscourse term describes a
coherent piece of spoken and,or written language in a specific context. % discourse
may be a whole text (for example, a personal letter or an entire conversation), or it
may be part of a text that conveys related meanings (for example, several exchanges,
within a dialogue, that relate to a single theme)".
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vi. /rimary +ources:
1. According to the textbook the definition is !-rimary sources denote the traditional
obects of analysis in literary criticism, including texts from all literary genres, such
as fiction, poetry, or drama".
#. According to the online reference the definition is !$undamental or original
document relating to a particular subect. first hand. written by a witness or
researcher at the time of an event or discovery has different meaning in different
disciplines".
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vii. +econdary +ources:
1. According to the textbook the definition is !+econdary sources applies to texts such
as articles or essays, book review, and notes that usually deal with primary sources".
(ubaidah Abdul )ehman *ntroduction to Literature B*+ #,,-#,., /age # of 0
DEFINITIONS FROM TEXT BOOK AND INTERNET
#. According to the online reference the definition is !% source that contains
information that other people have gathered and interpreted, extended, analyzed, or
evaluated, such as newspaper articles, a documentary on television, a website, a
science text, and an encyclopedia entry".
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viii. 4ournal:
1. According to the textbook the definition is !/ournals inform readers about the latest
results of researches".
#. According to the online reference the definition is !% periodical that contains
scholarly information or current information on research and development whose
intended audience includes scholars, practitioners, and experts in the subect field
covered by the publication".
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ix. 5ollection:
1. According to the textbook the definition is !0ollections are compiled essays by one
or several editors on a specific theme".
#. According to the online reference the definition is !%n artificial accumulation of
documents brought together on the basis of some common characteristic (e.g. means
of ac1uisition, creator, subect, language, medium, form, name of collector) without
regard to the origin of the documents".
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x. 7onographs:
1. According to the textbook the definition is !2t is a scholarly book&length treaty on a
single theme and most of them published by university presses".
#. According to the online reference the definition is !% written form of a single topic.
-ublished once and may have been reprinted. 3ay be scholarly in nature or can be a
fictional book".
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xi. 5ritical Apparatus:
1. According to the textbook the definition is !0ritical apparatus includes elements and
they are footnotes or endnotes, providing comments on the main text or references to
further secondary or primary sources with list of works cited and an index".
#. According to the online reference the definition is !The critical apparatus (or Latin4
apparatus criticus) is the critical and primary source material that accompanies an
edition of a text. % critical apparatus is often a by&product of textual criticism".
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xii. Bibliography:
(ubaidah Abdul )ehman *ntroduction to Literature B*+ #,,-#,., /age ' of 0
DEFINITIONS FROM TEXT BOOK AND INTERNET
1. According to the textbook the definition is !2t is the alphabetical list of primary and
secondary sources used in a scholarly paper to document sources".
#. According to the online reference the definition is !Bibliography, the description of
books4 (i) a systematic list of writings by a given author or on a given subect. (ii) the
study of books as material obects, involving technical analysis of paper, printing
methods, bindings, pagenumbering, and publishing history. % compiler of
bibliographies or a student of bibliography is a bibliographer".
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RECOMMENDATION / CONCLUSION
*t is recommending that definitions are allowed to express according to the understanding of
the student either in assignment or exam that will allow the student to understand and make
an effort to know the terminologies rather than by hearting it.
By the end of this assignment * have known various sources and techni8ue of retrieving
definitions online and matching it with similarities as per our syllabus to make sure that the
definition is related to literary studies and not other concepts or areas.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
$1% Literature 9About a part of The :ew ;ork Times 5ompany9 <ebruary #0 #,,. from
=http:>>classiclit.about.com>od>literaryterms>g>aa?whatisliter.htm@.
$#% Anow it all B )esources B &lossary of Cnglish 9The :orthwest Learning &rid9 <ebruary
#0 #,,. from =http:>>www.nwlg.org>pages>resources>knowitall>resources>english.htm@.
$'% 1efinition &enre !Answers 5orporation9 <ebruary #0 #,,. from
=www.answers.com>topic>genre@.
$-% Text Type !7inistry of Cducation :ew (ealand9 <ebruary #0 #,,. from
=http:>>www.tki.org.nD>r>language>curriculum>german>glossary?e.php@.
$0% 1iscourse !7inistry of Cducation :ew (ealand9 <ebruary #0 #,,. from
=http:>>www.tki.org.nD>r>language>curriculum>german>glossary?e.php@.
(ubaidah Abdul )ehman *ntroduction to Literature B*+ #,,-#,., /age - of 0
DEFINITIONS FROM TEXT BOOK AND INTERNET
$2% Enline Library Learning 5enter &lossary !Fniversity +ystem of &eorgia9 <ebruary #0
#,,. from =www.usg.edu>galileo>skills>ollc?glossary.html@.
$3% &lossary !+chool *mprovement in 7aryland9 <ebruary #0 #,,. from
=http:>>mdk1#.org>instruction>curriculum>reading>glossary.shtml@.
$.% &lossary !)egent 5arey Library )esources9 <ebruary #0 #,,. from
=http:>>regent.gospelcom.net>regentcareylibrary>resources>research?help>glossary.html@.
$6% 1efinitions !E+F Archives G )ecords 7anagement Handbook9 <ebruary #0 #,,.
from =http:>>osulibrary.oregonstate.edu>archives>handbook>definitions>@.
$1,% Acronyms and Fni8ue /hrases !F5+1 Libraries 4argon9 <ebruary #0 #,,. from
=https:>>libnet.ucsd.edu>training>documents>)eferenceI#,&uides>F5+1I#,Libraries
I#,AcronymsI#,andI#,4argon.doc@.
$11% 1efinition and *nformation !Answers 5orporation9 <ebruary #0 #,,. from
=http:>>www.answers.com>topic>criticalBapparatus@.
$1#% 1efinition and *nformation !Answers 5orporation9 <ebruary #0 #,,. from
=http:>>www.answers.com>bibliographyI#,@.
(ubaidah Abdul )ehman *ntroduction to Literature B*+ #,,-#,., /age 0 of 0