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September-October 2013
DENMARKS CLEVER USE OF COGEN IN EUROPES CONTINUALLY EVOLVING ENERGY MARKET Q ITS BOOM TIME FOR THE SERVICING AND MAINTENANCE
OF INDUSTRIAL GAS TURBINES Q SOUTH KOREAN PETROCHEMCIAL FACILITY BENEFITS BY FIRING ITS COGENERATION PLANT WITH A WASTE BY-PRODUCT
Q ONE COMPANY HAS TAKEN A REVOLUTIONARY APPROACH TO HYDROGEN FUEL CELLS
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ASEAN looks to
decentralized energy
to meet demand
1309cospp_C1 1 9/9/13 11:25 AM
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Cogeneration & OnSite Power Production | September-October 2013 www.cospp.com 2
Contents
Vcl0me 14 N0mLer 5
September-October 2013
16
16
Launch then learn: On-site power development in ASEAN
The impel0s Lehinc cecenlrclizec energy cevelcpmenl in lhe ASFAN regicn is
gathering pace. We look at the many opportunities that exist in helping to secure supply,
counterbalanced by the challenges that remain.
By Elisa Wood
22
Denmarks smart use of cogeneration
Denmark is acknowledged as a frontrunner in forming adopting liberalized rules and
regulations in its energy sector. It also ranks high in its innovative use of its large CHP feet.
This is perfectly by Skagen Varmevrk, a district heating company.
By Anders Ahnger, Bent Iversen and Mikael Frejman
28
Futures bright for IGT service & maintenance sector
Stable growth is predicted for the global power plant services and maintenance market
over the next fve years. We fnd out if this is refected in the services and maintenance
market serving the decentralized energy market, in particular the industrial gas
turbines (IGT).
By Dr. Heather Johnstone
34
CHP at petrochemical site: Fuel fexibility makes sense
Heavy-duty gas turbines can enable CHP plants to burn process by-products that might
otherwise be a liability. We present the design and operational experience of one such
CHP facility at a petrochemical complex, located in South Korea.
By Yoon-Ho Lee, Michel Moliere and Heung-Yub Ahn
38
A revolutionary approach to hydrogen fuel cell technology
A UK-based clean energy frms revolutionary approach to hydrogen fuel cell technology,
translates into cheaper, smaller and more durable fuel cells We explore the science behind
the technology.
By Dr. Andrew Creeth
Features
WORLD ALLIANCE FOR DECENTRALIZED ENERGY
In Association With
September-October 2013
DENMARKS CLEVER USE OF COGEN IN EUROPES CONTINUALLY EVOLVINGENERGY MARKET Q ITS BOOMTIME FORTHE SERVICINGAND MAINTENANCE
OF INDUSTRIAL GAS TURBINES Q SOUTH KOREAN PETROCHEMCIAL FACILITY BENEFITS BY FIRING ITS COGENERATION PLANT WITH A WASTE BY-PRODUCT
Q ONE COMPANY HAS TAKENA REVOLUTIONARY APPROACHTO HYDROGEN FUEL CELLS
ASEAN looks to
decentralized energy
to meet demand
Cover photograph: A bustling
street at night in Bangkok. In
the ASEAN region, Thailand is
seen as leading the charge in
decentralized energy development
to secure supply and meet power
demand. See the feature article
staring on p.16.
PHOTO: SUPERSTOCK
1309cospp_2 2 9/9/13 11:26 AM
www.cospp.com
ISSN 14690349
Chairman: Frank T. Lauinger
President/CEO: Robert F. Biolchini
Chief Financial Offcer: Mark C. Wilmoth
Group Publisher: Glenn Ensor
Associate Publisher: Dr. Heather Johnstone
Managing Editor: Dr. Jacob Klimstra
Production Editor: Mukund Pandit
Consulting Editor: David Sweet
Contributing Editor Steve Hodgson
Design: Kajal Patel
Production Coordinator: Kimberlee Smith
Sales Manager: Natasha Cole
Advertising:
Natasha Cole on +1 713 621 9720
or natashac@pennwell.com
Editorial/News:
e-mail: cospp.editorial@pennwell.com
Published by PennWell International Ltd,
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Tel: +44 1992 656 600
Fax: +44 1992 656 700
e-mail: cospp@pennwell.com
Web: www.cospp.com
Published in association with the
World Alliance for Decentralized Energy (WADE)
2013 PennWell International Publications Ltd.All rights reserved.
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While every attempt is made to ensure the accuracy of the
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Editors nor the authors accept any liability for errors or omissions.
Opinions expressed in this publication are not necessarily those of
the Publishers or Editor.
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Cogeneration and On-Site Power Production is published six
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distributed in the USA by SPP at 75 Aberdeen Road, Emigsville,
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www.cospp.com
22 28
38
4 Editors Letter
6 Insight
8 WADE Comment
10 News update
42 WADE pages
47 Diary
Regulars
1309cospp_3 3 9/9/13 11:26 AM
Editors Letter
Cogeneration & OnSite Power Production | September-October 2013 www.cospp.com
4
Equations and opinions
A
magazine such as Cogeneration
& On-Site Power Production
(COSPP) is supposed to have
value. That means it should
serve you, its readers, with useful content.
Value can originate from the pleasure of
reading interesting stories, from information
on products and suppliers, and from useful
knowledge about local power generators.
However, business life is so hectic these days
and so much information is offered constantly,
that a tendency exists to skip all nice to know
information and to concentrate only on need
to know information. The big question always
is, what is nice and what is needed?
I remember the time as a young engineer, I
tried to read almost any magazine and book
on engineering that I could get my hands on. I
hoped all that information would help me fnd
the right answers, and even the right questions.
I had and still have a very high esteem for
people who have the skill to write an article.
But it often took a lot of effort to understand
the content and the associated value of the
articles.
Only when I started to carry out my own
technical research did the situation change.
It is very peculiar, but when you are urgently
looking for an answer, digesting literature can
happen quickly. It appears that the brain can
automatically select what is needed and
ignore what can be skipped. Nevertheless, the
right literature has to exist, and COSPP has and
will play an important role in this.
The big question now is, what should a
good article for COSPP look like. Recently, a
friendly and helpful experienced engineer
told me that using formulas in an article
would immediately turn off the bulk of modern
readers. Many people are apparently allergic
to mathematics.
And yes, I agree with him: a formula by itself
is like a magic sentence, a charm, but can
lead to irritations. A good article is therefore not
based on formulas. However, good articles
can feature technical equations that illustrate
relationships between quantities. If the author
has explained what the background of the
equation is and how it can be used, preferably
with a diagram illustrating the relationship,
it can be an eye opener. Equations can, for
example, help you to calculate the fnancial
benefts of on-site power generation. Physical
relationships can also tell you why electricity
supply systems beneft from local generation.
Therefore, dear prospective authors, please
do not hesitate to insert helpful equations in
your articles. Good articles are more than an
opinion: good articles explain and teach.
Why am I writing this? It is partly a result of
being happy with a magazine dedicated to
distributed generation-related subjects, but
also partly due to some irritation. During recent
discussions with policy makers in Brussels on
the benefts of local generation, they told me
that what I said was nothing more than an
opinion. In order to get support for my opinion,
I had to show them that a large proportion of
the population supported me. When I tried
to explain that my reasoning was based on
scientifcally-proven facts, they still answered:
That is only your opinion.
One sees the same thing happening in
discussion groups on Linked-In and other
social media. Solid knowledge is replaced by
feelings and opinions. Fortunately, we have
this magazine, in which we can exchange
valuable information and help to provide
useful knowledge for further expansion and
optimization of cogeneration and on-site
power production.
Jacob Klimstra
Managing Editor
P.S. Dont forget to visit www.cospp.com to
see regular news updates, the current issue
of the magazine in full, and an archive of
articles from previous issues. Its the same
website address to sign-up for our fortnightly
e-newsletter too.
Dr. Jacob Klimstra
1309cospp_4 4 9/9/13 11:26 AM
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Cogeneration & OnSite Power Production | September-October 2013 www.cospp.com
6
Insight
Building cathedrals
gives way to mass-
produced power sources
A
mong three themes
recently asserted by
energy guru Amory Lovins
as affecting the US energy
scene is that momentum is shifting,
not just from fossil-fuelled power plants
to renewables, but from centralized to
distributed generation.
Writing in the summer issue of
its Solutions Journal, Lovins, the
cofounder and now Chairman
Emeritus of the infuential Rocky
Mountain Institute, likens traditional
power station development projects to
building a cathedral, and distributed
generation units to mass-produced,
manufactured products. He is talking
mainly about solar photovoltaic (PV)
panels, but the analogy works almost
as well for slightly larger distributed
generation technologies, including
CHP.
The point has been made before
that although the emergence of utility-
scale large wind farms garner a great
deal of attention, the parallel growth
of building-integrated solar panels,
CHP schemes feeding industrial sites
and commercial buildings, and new
district energy schemes, is more
a revolution in size, location and
ownership of generating plant than
simply from fossil fuels to renewable
sources of energy.
With giant forest fres threatening
power (and water) transmission to
the city of San Francisco at the time
of writing, the need for population
centres and industry to be less reliant
on remote, centralized electricity
generation is emphasized further. US
power grids tend to be highly reliable,
but the consequences of occasional
failure can be enormous.
Lovins other two themes are that
progress is fnally being made in terms
of the effciency with which energy is
used, both in buildings and in cars;
and that renewable projects of all sizes
are making serious gains, not only in
world-leading Germany but also in
the US. Lovins sees total US electricity
consumption steadily shrinking in the
future, rather than following traditional
growth patterns as spending on utility
energy-effciency programmes grows
to serious levels.
Meanwhile, prices of solar power
units have fallen to a point where the
technology can undercut power even
from modern gas-fred power plants.
Solar power accounted, says Lovins,
for 49% of new generating capacity
added to US grids in the frst quarter
of this year.
While new cathedrals take lots of
money and time to build, Chinese
PV panel factories are churning
out products 24/7 and solar power
prices are falling steadily. But its not
all about size and number of units
Lovins suggests that local ownership
patterns are crucial too. Denmarks
30-year transition from centralized
coal-fred power plants to distributed
wind and cogeneration plants came
about partly because most of these
units are owned either by local
farmers or communities. Likewise,
half of the renewables schemes in
Germany are owned by its citizens or
communities.
Aside from renewables, district
energy schemes are usually owned,
if not operated by, local government
units with a brief to lower energy costs
for their own buildings and, in some
cases, for publicly-owned housing,
alongside local business premises.
Operators of campus-based schemes
are in direct control of their own
energy costs.
Its certainly true, particularly in
Europe, that over recent years the
green agenda has favoured the
development of electricity-generating
renewables much more than energy
effciency, even though the impact
using (and generating) energy at
higher effciencies can have a similar
impact on carbon emissions. And
small-scale, high-effciency plants are
more easily fnanced, quicker to build,
and deliver considerable to benefts
to electricity grids.
This last advantage is diffcult to
quantify or monetize, but operators
of power grids fed from multiple
small sources with a variety of
technologies have a more resilient
power distribution system. Citizens
of San Francisco may be about to
experience the opposite of this.
Lovins is not complacent, though,
suggesting that the battle for what
he calls a more effcient, diverse,
distributed, renewable electricity
system is far from won. Plenty of
barriers still need to be dismantled to
enable the full transformation.
Steve Hodgson
Contributing Editor
Steve Hodgson
1309cospp_6 6 9/9/13 11:26 AM
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Cogeneration & OnSite Power Production | September-October 2013 www.cospp.com
8
Comment
G
iven that gridlock in
the US Congress and
on the energy policy
scene in Washington
seems to be a semi-permanent state,
a great deal of the activity has been
shifted to the states that are not as
politically tied in knots.
The energy supply problems
experienced in the Northeast of
the US require immediate action to
make sure that the electric grid is
more resilient in the event another
weather event akin to Hurricane
Sandy should strike the region,
and cannot wait for the gridlock in
Washington to be resolved. Thus,
much of the work on policies and
programmes that can provide a
solution has shifted to these states.
That is why the most recent
meeting of the National Association
of Regulatory Utility Commissioners
(NARUC) was of great interest to
policy makers, as well as those
seeking creative solutions and
actions to the energy policy gridlock.
NARUC brings together energy
regulators from around the US, as well
as representatives from international
regulatory bodies for a dialogue on
the issues of the day. The Summer
Meeting included a great deal of
discussion of subjects relevant to the
decentralized energy community,
such as microgrids, integration of
renewable energy resources and
distributed generation.
Of particular interest was a
discussion on the Implications of
Distributed Energy Resources on
Regulatory Policies that addressed
a report from the Critical Consumer
Issues Forum (CCIF), a group that
brings together state regulators,
consumer advocates and utilities.
As the cost of solar PV has
dropped precipitously and rooftop
installations have soared, this has
given rise to a number of concerns
about the impact on the utility
business model, especially where
these distributed resources are
allowed to be net metered with the
grid. While distributed generation
offers a number of system and
customer benefts, such as
providing a cleaner source of power
generation and a more diversifed
portfolio of generation assets that
can provide greater system reliability
and security, many utilities view this
as a competitive threat. The CCIF
report identifed 21 principles in the
areas of fnancial and regulatory
issues; market development and
deployment issues; consumer issues;
and safety, reliability and system
planning issues. One of the fnancial
and regulatory principles states:
DER incentives should be based
on clear policy objectives and
periodically reevaluated based
on market conditions. Once the
underlying policy objectives are
met or as the technologies become
cost-competitive or cost-prohibitive,
such incentives should be modifed
or discontinued.
The report further clarifes that
incentives include any net metering
arrangement that provides benefts
exceeding the underlying value of
the energy received from that DER.
Interestingly, just days before the
NARUC session, Fitch, which provides
credit ratings and analyses of
utilities, sounded the warning bells
over net metering in a report that
states that the destabilization of the
power markets in Spain from feed-in
tariffs and net metering incentives is
a cautionary tale for the US.
So with existing incentives for
distributed generation under fre from
regulators, consumer advocates,
utilities and rating agencies, the
future of net metering is uncertain,
even though these policies are
proven solutions to creating a more
diverse and robust energy delivery
system that can respond to storms
and other events. CHP systems are
typically either ineligible for net
metering or severely restricted in
how they may participate. If we want
to be ready for the next Hurricane
Sandy, the states would be wiser to
consider how to expand incentives
so that all distributed resources can
participate, rather than engage in a
dialogue on their demise.
David Sweet
Executive Director, WADE
dsweet@localpower.org
David Sweet
Gridlock and the grid
1309cospp_8 8 9/9/13 11:26 AM
CAT, CATERPILLAR, their respective logos, Caterpillar Yellow, the Power Edge trade dress, as well as
corporate and product identity used herein, are trademarks of Caterpillar and may not be used without permission.
2013 Caterpillar. All Rights Reserved.
With Cat
Mars
replaces up to 80%
of the platinum catalyst found
in standard PEM fuel cells.
This involved re-engineering
the cathode (air) side of
the fuel cell; removing the
platinum and replacing it
with a polyoxometalate liquid
chemical solution coined the
secret sauce.
The advantages of this
design technology are
two-fold. In a standard PEM fuel
cell, the cathode side of the
cell (just 30% of the system)
contributes 80% of the cost and
is responsible for 99% of the
durability issues. Because our
architecture modifes this part
of the system, it signifcantly
enhances durability and
reduces costs.
There are a number of
durability mechanisms that the
new technology addresses.
Firstly the polyoxometalate
is highly stable and does
not degrade. In addition, no
damaging intermediates
in the reaction with air are
formed in the cell which
normally would degrade the
catalyst assembly.
In standard PEM fuel cells,
as the fuel and oxygen are
pumped into the system, the
membrane within the cell
stack starts to degrade and the
system wears down. As the fuel
cell is switched on and off, the
membrane moves between a
dry and wet state. This cycling
causes dimensional change
and can lead to damage,
which signifcantly limits the
membranes lifetime.
In contrast, FlowCath the
liquid catalyst dramatically
improves the fuel cells
durability. In the ACAL Energy
system, the liquid catalyst
is always in contact with
the membrane so it avoids
such extremes and therefore
lengthens the fuel cells
lifespan.
This in turn enables the
system to operate at a higher
temperature than would
normally be the case for
stationary applications. The
hotter the fuel cell system, the
higher the rate of heat loss. The
ACAL Energy system operates
At the heart of ACAL Energys fuel cell system is FlowCath, a liquid catalyst that replaces up to 80% of the conventional
platinum catalyst
1309cospp_39 39 9/9/13 11:27 AM
Cogeneration & OnSite Power Production | September-October 2013 www.cospp.com 40
Novel, cost-effective fuel cell technology
at around 110C, signifcantly
higher than the 70C
normally observed. The higher
temperature and robustness
enables the fuel cell to operate
at a higher power density.
Because the increased
temperature increases the
rate of heat loss, a simpler
and cheaper heat exchange
system is needed. For CHP
systems, a more effective heat
transfer is enabled, making the
system more effcient and less
expensive. The advantages
offered by our technology
mean that the FlowCath
technology can be used for
stationary applications such
as in data centres, schools,
hospitals, utilities, fxed line
operators and telecom base
stations at much lower cost.
This has not previously been
feasible; up until now, longevity
and durability had only been
possible with large amounts of
platinum, which then makes
the fuel cells prohibitively
expensive for mass-market
deployment and use.
ACAL Energys technology
has effectively broken these
old rules.
Durability testing
The ACAL Energy fuel cell
technology has undergone
robust durability testing in both
stationary and automotive
applications. Of greatest
signifcance, the technology
has been tested using an
automotive standard test
designed to push a fuel cell to
its very limits. Our technology
has exhibited no signifcant
signs of degradation during the
tests and the same trajectory is
expected in stationary power
system testing.
The hydrogen fuel cell
has reached 10,000 hours,
equivalent to 300,000
road miles, in a simulated
automotive industry test
consisting of a repeated
40-minute journey without
signifcant sign of degradation.
These results out-perform the
previous industry benchmark
of 5000 hours of testing with
20% degradation. Standard
PEM systems tend to decay at a
constant rate at approximately
30 V/h whereas the FlowCath
system shows no change for
8000 hours.
Concurrent stationary
testing has also been running
alongside the automotive
application. So far, the cell
has reached over 5000 hours;
although somewhat behind
the duration of the automotive
test, the cell has not exhibited
any decline in performance.
On the basis of the results
observed in the (signifcantly
more demanding) automotive
test, one would certainly
expect the stationary cell to
demonstrate equally robust
results and for these results to
follow the same trajectory.
With the ACAL Energy
technology, the same
fundamental system can be
deployed in both stationary
and automotive applications.
FlowCath provides the
levels of high durability and
stability required in stationary
applications and the power
density and size associated
with automotive applications.
As a result, the technology can
offer stationary durability at
lower automotive price points.
Going commercial
After eight years of research
and development possible
due to funding from investors
such as the Carbon Trust,
Solvay Chemicals Group and
the Sumitomo Corporation
ACAL Energy is currently
negotiating contracts with a
number of large energy and
automotive companies
leaders in the deployment of
fuel cell platforms.
The FlowCath fuel cell
technology has also been
installed at Solvays UK
chemical plant in Warrington,.
The fuel cell a 3 kw power
unit uses hydrogen that
comes from a nearby
chlorine production plant.
This application is used as a
back-up power unit supplying
energy to the hydraulic water
pump on the plant site. The rig
has been running for hundreds
of hours, and has endured
over 250 stop-starts: so far the
fuel cell has demonstrated
100% durability an example
of the robustness of the system
that can be expected. The
stop-start testing highlights a
key beneft of the ACAL Energy
system; the fuel cell can be
used sporadically as back-up
power, as well as a continuous
power source.
FlowCath provides a
breakthrough for fuel cell
technology. The enhanced
durability realized by the
liquid catalyst means that
the technology for both
automotive and stationary
applications can be aligned
for the frst time. Initial targeting
of automotive companies will
lower fuel cell costs, because
the supply chain will be
optimised for high volumes. This
method will be advantageous
for stationary applications that
will subsequently beneft from
the low costs associated with
fuel cells produced by a large-
scale supply chain.
Fuel cells represent a way
to supplement power from the
grid, and can provide a reliable
back-up power source if mains
power goes out. They are quiet,
clean, energy-effcient and
like a giant battery, they can
be plugged into a variety of
situations and used in a variety
of ways. This fexibility makes
fuel cells the ideal power
source of the future.
Dr. Andrew Creeth is chief
technology offcer at ACAL
Energy Ltd, UK.
www.acalenergy.co.uk
This article is available on
line. Please visit
www.cospp.com
In a simulated automotive industry test the ACAL Energy fuel cell has reached
10,000 hours, equivalent to 300,000 road miles, with no sign of degradation
For CHP systems, a more effective
heat transfer is enabled, making
the system more effcient and
less expensive, and suitable for
stationary applications such as in
data centres, schools, hospitals, at
much lower cost
1309cospp_40 40 9/9/13 11:27 AM
17-19 March 2014
Cape Town International Convention Centre
Cape Town, South Africa
INVITATION TO EXHIBIT
The inaugural DistribuTECH Africa is a must attend event for
any company involved in the power and water transmission and
distribution industry..
With Africas electricity consumption expected to grow at a
rate of 3.4% per year until 2020, DistribuTECH 2013 is
expected to play an important role in the expanding market
and lead the way in the advancement of the transmission and
distribution industry.
This annual forum not only provides the ideal opportunity
to address technological challenges, but also launch new
products and showcase your company amongst an audience
of key decisions makers from leading international operators,
manufacturers and suppliers.
BOOK YOUR BOOTH TODAY
For booth and sponsorship enquiries, please contact:
Leon Stone
Exhibit Sales Manager - Rest of the World
T: +44 (0) 1992 656 671
F: +44 (0)1992 656 700
E:leons@pennwell.com
Andrew Evans
Exhibition Sales - Africa
T: +27 (21) 913 5255
F: +27 (0) 86 770 7447
E: andrewe@pennwell.com
WWW. DISTRIBUTECHAFRICA.COM
EQUIPPING
UTILITIES FOR
THE FUTURE
NEW PENNWELL EVENT COMING TO AFRICA
Co-located with
Owned &
Produced by: Presented by: Host Utility Sponsor:
Supporting
Organization:
1309cospp_41 41 9/9/13 11:27 AM
Cogeneration & OnSite Power Production |September-October 2013 www.cospp.com 42
Executive Director: David Sweet
1513 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20036
Tel. +1 202 7 500 Fcx. +1 202 315 371 weL. www.lccclpcwer.crg WORLD ALLIANCE FOR DECENTRALIZED ENERGY
The World Alliance for Decentralized Energy (WADE) was established in 1997 as a non-proft
research and promotion organization whose mission is to accelerate the worldwide development
of high effciency cogeneration (CHP) and decentralized renewable energy systems that deliver
substantial economic and environmental benefts.
WADE WELCOMES DR. GUYER AS
DIRECTOR OF ENERGY TECHNOLOGY
Dr. Eric Guyer
has worked for
four decades
as an engineer,
i n v e n t o r ,
ent r epr eneur,
and author in the
energy feld.
After attaining advanced engineering
degrees from the Massachusetts Institute
of Technology and then managing
a group of research and consulting
engineers at the Dynatech R/D Co in
Cambridge, Massachusetts, he moved
on to found Yankee Scientifc, Inc. and
Climate Energy, LLC.
Fcr necrly 25 yecrs, Ycnkee Scienlifc
has been a creative engineering and
technical resource for energy systems for
industry, government, and trade associa-
tions. Climate Energy, LLC, in partnership
with Honda, created and commercialized
Americas frst practical system for cogen-
eration of heat and electric power in the
home.
Along the way, Dr. Guyer led a team
of 50 technical experts to create the
highly-regarded Handbook of Applied
Thermal Design, originally published
Ly lcGrcw-Hill in 188. Ccreer mile-
stones including winning the R&D 100
Award, the Breakthrough Technology
Award of Popular Science magazine,
and the frst-ever Energy Star Emerging
Technology Award of the US Department
of Environmental Protection.
His work includes major undertakings
fcr Fcrl0ne 500 ccmpcnies, lhe Fleclric
Power Research Institute, the Gas Research
lnslil0le, lhe Army, lhe Ncvy, lhe Air Fcrce,
the Defense Advanced Research Projects
Agency, and a number of consortia of
gas and electric utility companies.
Dr. Guyer now focuses on moving new
energy conversion technologies out of
the laboratory and into the marketplace.
He works to bring together advanced
technical concepts with product designs
and business plans that make sense
for the very competitive energy market
place. His interests and activities involve
cogeneration, thermal processing in
materials manufacture, combustion, fuid
power machinery, natural gas transport
and storage technologies, and heating
and cooling of buildings.
In his work with WADE, Dr. Guyer will
look to help energy users and investors
connect with the technical innovation
and innovators that can offer practical
and affordable solutions for reduced
energy use at minimum environmental
impact. He can be contacted by email at
eguyer@localpower.org.
DONATE FOR THE SILENT AUCTION TO BENEFIT THE WADE FOUNDATION
The WADE Annual Conference this November will also include
c silenl c0clicn lc Lenefl lhe WADF Fc0ncclicn, which is
an IRS 501 C3 non-proft foundation focused on delivering
decentralized energy technologies to developing countries
where people lack access to modern power systems. In
addition to goods and merchandise, donations can include
tickets to events; artwork; wine; gourmet food; hotel stays and
airline tickets; use of vacation homes; golf outings; boat trips or
other creative ideas. All donors will be recognized at the Annual
Conference, in Cogeneration & On-Site Power Production and
in the WADE Newsletter. Please send an email to David Sweet,
(dsweet@localpower.org) with a description of your donation,
any special instructions or restrictions, the fair market value of the
donation (should be over $50) and your contact information.
NATURAL GAS
ROUNDTABLE FEATURES
CHP-FOCUSED PANEL
The Natural Gas Roundtable is the
leading forum in the US that brings
together all sectors of the natural gas
industry for discussion and dialogue.
This July, the Roundtable featured a
programme on Distributed Generation
and Natural Gas a Winning Team for
Affordable Power, Resilient Infrastructure
and the Environment. This panel
featured Steve Zilonis, Chairman of
WADE, Rick Murphy of the American Gas
Association and Janet Peace of the
Center for Climate and Energy Solutions,
and was chaired by WADE Director
David Sweet. The session highlighted the
opportunity that CHP offers for new load
growth for natural gas markets, as well
as the many environmental benefts that
can be delivered by greater deployment
of these natural gas technologies.
Fcr mcre infcrmclicn cLc0l lhe
Natural Gas Roundtable please contact
David Sweet at dsweet@localpower.org.
1309cospp_42 42 9/9/13 11:28 AM
For more information, enter 19 at COSPP.hotims.com
1309cospp_43 43 9/9/13 11:28 AM
Cogeneration & OnSite Power Production | September-October 2013 www.cospp.com 44
WORLD ALLIANCE FOR DECENTRALIZED ENERGY
Executive Director: David Sweet
1513 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20036
Tel. +1 202 7 500 Fcx. +1 202 315 371 weL. www.lccclpcwer.crg
WADE PARTICIPATES IN MADRIS INAUGURAL
MEETING
INDUSTRIAL COMPETITIVENESS, ENERGY SECURITY AND RELIABILITY TO BE
THE FOCUS OF CHP & WHP 2013 CONFERENCE
The Mid-Atlantic Distributed Resources
Initiative (MADRI) held the frst of a series of
meetings focused on the question, What
needs to be done to make distributed
generation (DG) more accessible to
end-use customers while balancing the
interests of all stakeholders?
The meeting, which took place at the
Fecercl Fnergy Peg0lclcry Ccmmissicns
headquarters in Washington D.C.,
ccnsicerec lhe Lcrriers lc ceplcymenl
cf CHP syslems, cnc pclenlicl pclicy cnc
rate-making strategies for addressing
them. Bill Pentland, the Director of Markets
and Regulation at WADE, participated
in c pcnel fcc0sec cn hcw 0lilily lcriffs
and rate-making issues can affect the
eccncmic vicLilily cf CHP syslems.
Contact Bill Pentland at wpentland@
localpower.org wilh cny 0eslicns.
lADPl seeks lc icenlify cnc remecy
relcil Lcrriers lc lhe ceplcymenl cf
DG, cemcnc respcnse cnc energy
effciency in lhe lic-Allcnlic regicn. ll
wcs eslcLlishec in 2004 Ly lhe p0Llic
0lilily ccmmissicns cf Delcwcre, Dislricl
cf Ccl0mLic, lcrylcnc, New Jersey
cnc Pennsylvcnic, clcng wilh lhe US
Depcrlmenl cf Fnergy, US FPA, FFPC cnc
PJl lnlerccnneclicn.
lADPls g0icing principle is c Lelief
that distributed resources should
compete with centralized generation
cnc lrcnsmissicn lc ens0re gric relicLilily
cnc c f0lly f0nclicning whclescle eleclric
market.
Industrial competitiveness,
recent federal initiatives
and various state policies in
lhe US hcve sp0rrec grecl
interest in combined heat and
power (CHP) and waste heat
to power (WHP). The Texas
Combined Heat and Power
Initiative (TXCHPI), The Heat is
Power Association (HiP), and
WADE are joining forces to
convene CHP2013 & WHP2013
to address these interests. The
conference and trade show
will Le helc 7- CclcLer cl
the Crowne Plaza in Houston,
Texcs, US.
ln ils fc0rlh yecr, lhis
conference brings business
cnc energy leccers lcgelher
wilh inc0slry experls, prc|ecl
cevelcpers, pclicy speciclisls
and end-users to examine
new technologies, market
opportunities and installation
case studies of CHP and WHP..
The event also includes a
vibrant exhibit hall.
CHP syslems, clsc kncwn
as cogeneration, reduce fuel
costs associated with on-site
generation using natural
gcs cr Licgcs Ly lcking f0ll
advantage of waste heat
reccvery lc signifccnlly
increcse energy effciency.
CHP prcvices energy sec0rily
during times of grid strain and
extreme weather conditions,
and is gaining favour in
hospitals, universities, data
centres, manufacturers, and
other mission critical facilities.
WHP syslems enhcnce
inc0slricl effciency Ly
capturing waste heat
from industrial processes,
converting it to power, and
returning the power back into
the process or exporting it for
others to use.
F n e r g y - i n l e n s i v e
industries such as oil & gas
refneries, chemical facilities,
paper plants, steel mills,
cement plants and glass
mcn0fccl0rers emplcy WHP
syslems lc genercle pcwer frcm
baseload waste heat, which is
produced on-site whenever
operations are running. WHP
syslems, which re0ire nc
combustion and produce
no emissions, improve overall
inc0slricl energy effciency
and competitiveness, and
are considered renewable
energy syslems in cver 15
states, making WHP a natural
and integral part of all clean
energy cisc0ssicns.
Paul Cauduro, TXCHPI
Executive Director said: While
often overlooked, combined
heat and power and waste
heat to power technologies
are a signifcant part of the
nclicns clecn energy cnc |cL
creclicn slcry. lmplemenlclicn
of these technologies is a
logical decision for improving
energy sec0rily cnc relicLilily,
maintaining compliance with
environmental regulations,
and for increasing the
competiveness of our
nclicns mcn0fccl0ring cnc
prccessing seclcr.
Fcr mcre infcrmclicn visil
www.chp2013-whp2013.com
TXCHPI, HiP and WADE to convene conference
for onsite energy eficient solutions for todays
economic and environmental challenges
JOIN THE NEW WADE
LINKEDIN GROUP AND
RECEIVE EXCLUSIVE
HANDBOOK
Become a member of WADE LinkedIn
Grc0p cnc Le c pcrl cf lhe rcpicly
grcwing glcLcl ccmm0nily cf s0ppcrlers
and experts in the feld of decentralized
energy. As c memLer cf WADF Linkecln
Grc0p yc0 ccn ccnnecl lc yc0r
colleagues and professionals from the
inc0slry, cnc slcy 0p lc ccle cn c rcnge
cf ccmmercicl cppcrl0nilies cnc pclicy
iss0es. lf yc0 |cin lhe WADF Linkecln Grc0p
yc0 will clsc gel free cccess lc lhe WADF
Handbook on Smart/Intelligent Grid
Systems Development & Deployment.
To join go to LinkedIn and search under
Wcrlc Allicnce fcr Decenlrclizec Fnergy.
1309cospp_44 44 9/9/13 11:28 AM
For more information, enter 17 at COSPP.hotims.com
1309cospp_45 45 9/9/13 11:28 AM
CALL FOR PAPERS
Submit your abstract for Europes largest power industry conference
ABSTRACT SUBMITTAL DEADLINE 20 SEPTEMBER 2013
Renewable Energy World Europe, co-located with POWER-GEN Europe, is the regions largest event dedicated to electric power generation,
comprises a comprehensive exhibition foor populated by the major players in the thermal energy sector. Complementing the exhibition is a
multi-track conference that addresses the key issues facing our industry.
The Advisory Board of Renewable Energy World Europe, is now accepting abstracts for the 2014 conference. Share your knowledge,
experience and ideas with technical and strategic decision-makers and strategists.
A full listing of suggested conference topics and themes is available on the Renewable Energy World Europe event site.
Please visit www.renewableenergyworld-europe.com and select the conference tab.
For queries relating to the conference, please contact:
Sophia Perry
Conference Coordinator
T: +44 (0) 1992 656 641
F: +44 (0) 1992 656 700
E: sophiap@pennwell.com
NAVIGATING THE POWER TRANSITION
Owned and Produced by: Presented by: Supported by: Co-located with:
3 5 JUNE 2014 I KOELNMESSE I COLOGNE I GERMANY
WWW.RENEWABLEENERGYWORLD-EUROPE.COM
If you have a smart device equipped with
a scanning app, please scan this QR code to
be taken directly to the conference page.
1309cospp_46 46 9/9/13 11:28 AM
Diary of events
Send details of your event to Cogeneration and On-Site Power Production:
e-mail: cospp@pennwell.com
POWER-GEN Asia
Bangkok, Thailand
24 October 2013
Lee Catania, PennWell
International, The Water Tower,
Gun Power Mills, Powdermill Lane,
Waltham Abbey, Essex EN9 1BN, UK
Tel: +44 1992 656 647
Fax: +44 1992 656 700
e-mail: leec@pennwell.com
web: www.powergenasia.com
Renewable Energy World
Asia
Bangkok, Thailand
24 October 2013
Crispin Coulson, PennWell
International, The Water Tower,
Gun Power Mills, Powdermill Lane,
Waltham Abbey, Essex EN9 1BN, UK
Tel: +44 1992 656 646
Fax: +44 1992 656 700
e-mail: crispinc@pennwell.com
web: www.powergenasia.com
Combined Heat & Power
and Waste Heat to Power
Conference & Trade Show
Houston, TX, US
79 October 2013
Paul Cauduro, TXCHPI, P.O. Box
41747, Houston, TX 77241-1747, US
Tel: +1 512 705 9996
e-mail: executivedirector@texas-
chpi.org
web:www.chp2013-whp2013.com
COGENERATION DAYS 2013
Cestlice, nr Prague, Czech Republic
1315 October 2013
Olga Solarkov, COGEN Czech
e-mail: solarikova@cogen.cz
web: www.cogen.cz
22nd World Energy Congress
Daegu, South Korea
1317 October
WEC Daegu 2013 Organizing
Committee
Tel: +82 2 3489 4400
Fax: +82 2 3489 4499
e-mail: info@daegu2013.kr
web: www.daegu2013.kr
DOE Western Regional
Dialogue Meeting on
Industrial Energy Effciency
and CHP
Salt Lake City, UT, US
29 October
SRA International, 4300 Fair Lakes
Court, Fairfax, VA 22033, US
Tel: +1 703 8031500
e-mail: SEE_Action@sra.com
2nd International DHC+,
Research Conference
Brussels, Belgium
56 November 2013
Ingo Wagner,
DHC+ Technology Platform
web: www.cvent.com
POWER-GEN International
Orlando, FL, US
1214 November 2013
Stephanie Moore,
PennWell Corporation,
1421 South Sheridan Rd, Tulsa,
OK 74112, US
Tel: +1 918 832 9382
e-mail: stephaniem@pennwell.com
web: www.power-gen.com
Renewable Energy World
North America
Orlando, FL, US
1214 November 2013
Cassie Chitty,
PennWell Corporation,
1421 South Sheridan Rd, Tulsa,
OK 74112, US
e-mail: cassiec@pennwell.com
web: www.renewableenergyworld-
events.com
COGEN/CHP Asia
Jakarta, Indonesia
13-15 November
International Clean Energy & Sus-
tainability Network (ICESN).
Tel: +65 6506 0965
Fax: +65 6749 7293
e-mail: : info@icesn.com
web: http://icesn.com/cogen/
WADE Annual Conference
& Joint Meeting with the
Northeast Clean Heat and
Power Initiative
Boston, MA, US
1921 November 2013
David Sweet, WADE,
1513 16th Street NW,
Washington D.C. 20036, US
e-mail: dsweet@localpower.org
web: http://conference.local-
power.org/
CHPA Conference and
Awards Dinner 2013
London, UK
27 November 2013
UK CHPA, 6th Floor,
10 Dean Farrar Street, London,
SW1H 0DX, UK
Tel: +44 20 3031 8740
e-mail: info@chpa.co.uk
web: www.chpa.co.uk
Cogen Nederland
Symposium 2013
Driebergen, the Netherlands
29 November 2013
Kees den Blanken,
Princenhof Park 15+18,
Postbus 197, 3970 AD Driebergen,
the Netherlands
e-mail: kees.denblanken@cogen.nl
web: www.cogen.nl/
2014
World Biomass Power
Markets
Amsterdam, the Netherlands
35 February 2014
Nick Cressey, Southbank House,
Black Prince Road, Vauxhall,
London, SE1 7SJ, UK
Tel: +44 020 7099 0600
e-mail: biomass@greenpowercon-
ferences.com
web: www.greenpowerconfer-
ences.com
27th Annual Campus Energy
Conference & Distribution
Workshop
Atlanta, GA, US
17-21 February 2014
IDEA, 24 Lyman Street, Suite 230,
Westborough, MA 01581, US
Tel: +1 508 366 9339
Fax: +1 508 366 0019
e-mail: idea@districtenergy.org
web: www.districtenergy.org
Russia Power
Moscow, Russian Federation
46 March 2014
Crispin Coulson,
PennWell International,
The Water Tower, Gun Power Mills,
Powdermill Lane, Waltham Abbey,
Essex EN9 1BN, UK
Tel: +44 1992 656 646
Fax: +44 1992 656 700
e-mail: crispinc@pennwell.com
web: www.russia-power.org
The Solar Show Africa
Johannesberg, South Africa
1011 March 2014
Terrapinn Ltd, First Floor, Modular
Place, Turnberry Offce Park,
48 Grosvenor Road,
Bryanston 2021, South Africa
Tel: +27 11 516 4015
e-mail: za@terrapinn.com
web: www.terrapinn.com
www.cospp.com Cogeneration & OnSite Power Production | September-October 47
Diary
1309cospp_47 47 9/9/13 11:28 AM
Send details of your event to Cogeneration and On-Site Power Production:
e-mail: cospp@pennwell.com
Diary
Send details of your event to Cogeneration and On-Site Power Production:
e-mail: cospp@pennwell.com
POWER-GEN Africa
Cape Town, South Africa
1719 March 2014
Lee Catania,
PennWell International,
The Water Tower, Gun Power Mills,
Powdermill Lane, Waltham Abbey,
Essex EN9 1BN, UK
Tel: +44 1992 656 647
Fax: +44 1992 656 700
e-mail: leec@pennwell.com
web: www.powergenafrica.com
Power & Electricity World
Asia
Singapore
2225 April 2014
Terrapinn Pte Ltd, 1 Harbourfront
Place, #18-01/06 Harbourfront
Tower 1, Singapore, 098633,
Tel: +65 6222 8550
Fax: +65 6226 3264
e-mail: enquiry.sg@terrapinn.com
web: www.terrapinn.com
POWER-GEN India &
Central Asia
New Delhi, India
57 May 2014
Sue McDermott,
PennWell International,
The Water Tower, Gun Power Mills,
Powdermill Lane, Waltham Abbey,
Essex EN9 1BN, UK
Tel: +44 1992 656 6326
Fax: +44 1992 656 700
e-mail: suemc@pennwell.com
web: www.power-genindia.com
Renewable Energy World
India
New Delhi, India
57 May 2014
Sue McDermott,
PennWell International,
The Water Tower, Gun Power Mills,
Powdermill Lane, Waltham Abbey,
Essex EN9 1BN, UK
Tel: +44 1992 656 6326
Fax: +44 1992 656 700
e-mail: suemc@pennwell.com
web: www.renewableenergyworld
india.com
POWER-GEN Europe
Cologne, Germany
35 June 2014
Crispin Coulson,
PennWell International,
The Water Tower, Gun Power Mills,
Powdermill Lane, Waltham Abbey,
Essex EN9 1BN, UK
Tel: +44 1992 656 646
Fax: +44 1992 656 700
e-mail: crispinc@pennwell.com
web: www.powergeneurope.com
Renewable Energy World
Europe
Cologne, Germany
35 June 2014
Lee Catania,
PennWell International,
The Water Tower, Gun Power Mills,
Powdermill Lane, Waltham Abbey,
Essex EN9 1BN, UK
Tel: +44 1992 656 647
Fax: +44 1992 656 700
e-mail: leec@pennwell.com
web: www.renewableenergyworld-
europe.com
IDEAs 105th Annual
Conference & Trade Show
Miami, FL, US
811 June 2013
International District Energy As-
sociation (IDEA), 24 Lyman Street,
Suite 230 Westborough,
MA 01581, US
Tel: +1 508 366 9339
Fax: +1 508 366 0019
e-mail: idea@districtenergy.org
web: www.districtenergy.org
POWER-GEN Middle East
Abu Dhabi, UAE
19-21 October 2014
Crispin Coulson,
PennWell International,
The Water Tower, Gun Power Mills,
Powdermill Lane, Waltham Abbey,
Essex EN9 1BN, UK
Tel: +44 1992 656 646
Fax: +44 1992 656 700
e-mail: crispinc@pennwell.com
web: www.power-gen-middleeast.
com
APROVIS ENERGY SYSTEMS GMBH 33
CATERPILLAR INC. 9
DISTRIBUTECH AFRICA CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION 41
ELLIOTT GROUP 21
HITACHI POWER EUROPE 19
INTERNATIONAL CLEAN ENERGY & SUSTAINABILITY NETWORK 45
(ICESN)
LESLIE CONTROLS, INC. 25
MAN DIESEL SE 7
MAXIMUM TURBINE SUPPORT 31
OPPLAND CORP., LTD. 32
OPRA TURBINE B.V. 5
POWER-GEN ASIA CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION IBC
PROTO MANUFACTURING LTD. 27
RENEWABLE ENERGY WORLD EUROPE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION 46
SEL 11
SIPOS AKTORIK 13
SOHRE TURBOMACHINERY, INC. 15
TEDOM 15
TURBOCARE 29
WADE 43
WOOD GROUP GTS BC
YOUNG & FRANKLIN 1
Advertisers index
COSPP Webcard
Cogeneration & OnSite Power Production | September-October 2013 www.cospp.com 48
Diary
1309cospp_48 48 9/9/13 11:28 AM
ADVANCING ASIAS ENERGY FUTURE
2 4 October 2013
IMPACT Exhibition & Convention Centre
Bangkok, Thailand
www.powergenasia.com
OWNED AND PRODUCED BY: PRESENTED BY: SUPPORTED BY: OFFICIAL SUPPORTER: SUPPORTING ORGANIZATIONS:
Department of Alternative
Energy Development and Effciency
POWER-GEN Asia, co-located with Renewable Energy World Asia, is the regions leading exhibition and
conference dedicated to the power generation, renewable energy and transmission and distribution industries.
Attracting 7,000 delegates and attendees from over 60 countries from South East Asia and around the world,
nowhere else gives you the opportunity to reach and meet senior executives and industry professionals in one
place at the same time, providing key networking and business opportunities.
The POWER-GEN Asia conference has become the major annual platform for the industry to discuss the topics
and issues of today and is regularly contributed to with keynote speeches from Government Ministers and
Governors of the regions utility companies.
POWER-GEN ASIA INDUSTRIAL WATER DAY
For the frst time POWER-GEN Asia will include an Industrial Water Day on Thursday 3 October. You can register for this full conference
track via the One Day Pass, for just $700. Visit www.powergenasia.com for further information.
JOINT OPENING KEYNOTE SESSION WEDNESDAY 2 OCTOBER 2013 9AM
Dr. Twarath Sutabutr, Deputy Director-General, Department of Alternative Energy Development
and Effciency, Thailand
Mr. Soonchai Kumnoonsate, Governor of Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand, Thailand
Dr. Piyasvasti Amranand, Chairman, Energy for Environment Foundation, Thailand
Mr. Markus Lorenzini, Head of Energy Sector, ASEAN Pacifc Cluster, Siemens, Indonesia
TOPICS DISCUSSED AT THE CONFERENCE INCLUDE:
REGISTER TO ATTEND NOW AT: WWW.POWERGENASIA.COM
JOIN US IN BANGKOK, THAILAND ON 2 - 4 OCTOBER 2013
EXHIBITION OPENING HOURS:
Wednesday 2 October 2013: 10:30 18:00
Thursday 3 October 2013: 10:00 18:00
Friday 4 October 2013: 10:00 16:00
LEADING INDUSTRY EXHIBITION
Discover new ideas, technologies and developments at
the regions foremost exhibition for the conventional power
and renewable energy generation industries from leading
companies and suppliers from around the world.
REGISTER TO ATTEND POWER-GEN ASIA
Trends, Finance & Planning
Power Plant Technologies
Operation, Optimization & Servicing
Industrial Water
Environmental Challenges, Fuel Options &
Distributed Generation
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BUYERS GUIDE TO
EUROPEAN
COGEN/CHP
2013
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2013EuroCogenCHPBG_C2 2 9/6/13 4:07 PM
CONTENTS
1
CHP
European Cogen/CHP Buyers Guide 2013
Group Publisher: Glenn Ensor Associate Publisher: Dr. Heather Johnstone Editorial: Mukund Pandit Contributors: Dr F. Riddoch and L. Adendoorf, M.J. Deschamps, J. Dyson, P. Goddard,
M. Hanley, M. Kosmides, A. Kureth, K. Nuthall, G. ODwyer, A. Osborn, C. Paun and R. Stokes Sales Manager: Natasha Cole
Design: Kajal Patel Production/Listings: Katie Noftsger, Jessica Ross
COVER PHOTOS: Inside Estonias Valka wood chip-fred CHP plant; Metsos DNA system will lie at the heart of a 25 million biomass cogen plant being built in Sweden; Fortums frst
waste-to-energy CHP plant in Lithuania; GE Jenbachers J920 FleXtra gas engine installed at Germanys Stadtwerk Rosenheim.
This guide has been prepared and published by PennWell International Ltd, The Water Tower, Gunpowder Mill, Powdermill Lane, Waltham Abbey, Essex EN9 1BN, UK
Tel: +44 1992 656 600, Fax: +44 1992 656 700
e-mail: cospp@pennwell.com, web: www.pennwell.com, www.cospp.com
2013 PennWell International Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, whether electronic, mechanical or otherwise including
photocopying, recording or any information storage or retrieval system without the prior written consent of the Publishers. While every attempt is made to ensure the accuracy of the
information contained in this guide, neither the Publishers, Editors nor the authors accept any liability for errors or omissions. Opinions expressed in this publication are not necessarily
those of the Publishers or Editor.
Printed in the UK by Williams Press Ltd.
Director Buyers Guide: Sue McAdam, Assistant Director Buyers Guide: Jessica Ross, Production Specialist: Lisa Hollis, Senior Database Specialist: Tammy Croft, and
Customer Services Specialists: Christine Algie, Sandy Taylor & Linda Smith-Quin
2 Foreword
by Dr. Fiona Riddoch,
Managing Director, COGEN Europe
PART 1
4 Growth in Europe despite setbacks
PART 2
10 Benefts of control go beyond effciency
PART 3
16 Success stories point to a bright future
LISTINGS
24 Classifed listings index
25 Classifed listings
31 Company & organization listings
Part 1
Part 3
Part 2
2013EuroCogenCHPBG_1 1 9/6/13 4:13 PM
European Cogen/CHP Buyers Guide 2013
2
CHP
T
he new European Union Energy
Efficiency Directive 2012/27/EU
(EED) has further reinforced the
urgent need to improve effciency in the
power sector in Europe, with cogeneration
the leading tool included in the legislation
for raising effency in the transformation
sector.
At the same time, the 2020 energy
and climate change goals mean that
technologically Europes power grid needs
to be made smart to accommodate the
growing contribution of renewable energy
sources, while ensuring security of supply.
Cogeneration or CHP applications in
Europe span a range of capacities and
applications, which together amount to
over 100 GWe of installed capacity. Roughly
50% of this is in space heating (cooling)
applications. The other 50% is in a range
of industrial processes serving industry,
with heat and electricity production tightly
coupled to the process needs. The impacts
of energy and electricity market changes
affect all applications.
In the context of the new call by the
Directorate General Enterprise of the
European Commission to expand the
contribution of industrial production to
the European Unions (EU) GDP, looking
at the industrial CHP position raises key
questions for all segments of that market.
What are the opportunities for industrial
cogen as the electricity network changes
to a new low-carbon one? What is the
best mode of operation for the grid and
industrial cogenerators in the future?
The EED sends a strong signal to
electricity authorities to facilitate the
development of new markets for balancing
services, demand response and other
services, which are specifically needed
to support the grid operation as the
power mix moves to low carbon. More
intermittent renewables on the network
brings adequacy challenges particularly
from wind and solar PV. The EED contains
the basic principles for the creation of
new markets for both load and supply
management to cope with the increased
mismatch of demand and supply.
Signifcant energy effciency benefts
at the national level come from existing
large industrial cogeneration facilities.
Industrial CHP is first and foremost a
provider of heat to the process it serves
but combining the generation of this heat
with local production of electricity has to
be an attractive business proposition.
With increased levels of intermittent
renewables driving the network to ask
for more flexibility from generators it
is now time to give some thought to
how to manage this needed flexibility,
while continuing to improve the energy-
efficiency records of industries. This
new context further exacerbates the
fuctuating electricity prices in liberalized
power markets and will also call for more
differentiation in grid tariffs according to
the generation and consumption profle of
network users.
Back to the EED, it is clear that
l egi sl at or s under st ood t hat new
environment by requesting governments
to take action to move the transformation
sector to a higher energy-effciency level.
To that end this legislation reinforces
the priority which should be given to
cogenerated electricity in network access
and dispatch, and also now introduces
the importance of recognizing the need
to ensure continuity of heat supply for
the cogen units. Lastly the legislation
encourages electricity regulators to be
more active in energy effciency matters.
In the current European economic
downtur n the Di rectorate General
Enterprise of the European Commission
has called on Member States to collectively
grow the contribution of industrial output
to GDP from 16% to 20% by 2020, as
previously mentioned.
It is therefore worth recalling that
European industry consumed 3668 TWh
of energy in 2010, almost as much as
the commercial and domestic sectors
together. The split of energy use in
industry was roughly twice as much heat
energy as electrical energy. This results
in heat being the critical energy vector
and heat costs driving competitiveness.
Therefore industrial cogeneration plants
contribute significantly to Europes
industrial competitiveness today and must
continue to play a key role in its industrial
growth in the future.
Given the EUs renewed commitment
to cogeneration in the EED and the EUs
need to defend the competitiveness of
European industry, where cogeneration
pl ays an i mportant, i n the gl obal
marketplace there is a definite need to
ensure the changes that are occurring in
the electricity market do not inadvertently
damage these valuable energy-effciency
savings from the cogeneration sector.
Industrial cogens key role in
Europes evolving energy market
FOREWORD
Dr. Fiona Riddoch
Managing Director
COGEN Europe
www.cogeneurope.eu
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T U R B I N E S
2013EuroCogenCHPBG_3 3 9/6/13 4:13 PM
European Cogen/CHP Buyers Guide 2013
4
CHP
Growth despite setbacks
PART ONE
Finlands Fortum has invested heavily in the Baltic cogen sector, including a new waste-to-energy CHP plant in the Lithuania city of Klaipeda Source: Fortum
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European Cogen/CHP Buyers Guide 2013 5
CHP
Cogeneration has prospered in parts of the region, sometimes defying weak
economies and unhelpful policies.
T
ightening national government
budgets in Europe have forced the
regions cogeneration industry to
argue persuasively for public subsidies
and tax breaks, and the right to have equal
treatment with renewables.
Helpfully the implementation of the
European Unions (EU) Energy Effciency
Directive (EED) is nudging Member States
in that direction, while some investment
has flowed into district heating and
micro-CHP projects.
The regions economic leader Germany
is showing the way as it pushes ahead with
plans to boost its cogeneration sector.
And even though doubts exist that its
governments pro-CHP policies are ft for
purpose, they will most likely be tweaked.
With Germany the only EU country
that can be hailed as a serious economic
success, will others follow and expand
their cogeneration sectors, recognising an
industry that delivers supply security and
environmental benefts simultaneously?
GERMAN LEADERSHIP
Germany still leads other EU countries in
terms of the size of its cogeneration sector
and CHPs share of total power production.
Perhaps this country has more compelling
motives to support the sector than others.
Certainly its decision to phase out
nuclear power in the country by 2022 will
have aided in determining the countrys
Energiewende strategy, which favours
energy saving and renewables, and gives
CHP a leading role.
In 2010 cogenerati on produced
90 TWh of electricity, or 15.4% of
Germanys total. With the Energiewende
now the countrys main policy driver in the
energy sector, this share is slated to rise to
25% by 2020.
Germanys CHP incentives mainly take
the form of guaranteed premiums added
to the market price of electricity. These
have successfully spurred investment in
recent years but the countrys 2012 CHP
law KWK-G proposed an increase in the
premiums, particularly for CHP projects
less than 2 MW.
The move recogni zed that the
growth of cogen was falling behind the
rate necessary to meet the 2020 target,
at least partly a consequence of the
economic slowdown and energy market
liberalization. But other incentives are
supporting the CHP sector too.
Berlin has pledged it will do even more
to ensure the 2020 target is met. Will it be
enough?
One sceptic is Wulf Binde, managing
director of the German association of CHP
companies, the BKWK, who is not sure that
the country will reach its 2020 goal without
further measures. It may be that in 2015
we will have to have another revision of the
law, he says. Actually the government is
preparing a study to assess the situation
and consider what we have to do next year
to give more support to this sector.
Binde singles out the governments
fnancial assistance for small CHP units as
an indication of continued growth: You
can get support from the government
for small utilities, and about 28,000
electricity generating units in Germany are
in the range of 150 kW, he says. Grants
for such units range from 15002000
(US$20002700) per installation, although
this support only applies to these utilities.
Germany already has more than 80%
of total microgenerator CHP installations
in the EU, with notable success in family-
sized CHP power plants, which sharply
reduce heat and electricity costs, as well as
cutting carbon dioxide emissions. Despite
continued criticism of support for this
sector, largely from conventional power
companies, there seems little prospect of
signifcant reductions in the aid in the near
future. Aid may even be increased if there
is a danger of missing the 2020 target.
BRITISH POLICY
Cogeneration capacity in the UK increased
nearly 3% to 6.1 GW in 2012, according to
the British government. Installed capacity
rose to meet 6.4% of total electricity
needs. Most strikingly, cogeneration from
renewables rose by almost 20% to account
for more than 8% of total fuel used in
cogeneration.
The added capacity was mainly in heat,
and almost all of it is small-scale, with an
average capacity of one-point-something
megawatts, says Dr. Tim Rotheray, head
of policy at the London-based Combined
Heat and Power Association (CHPA).
Renewables share of power generation
rose from 9.4% in 2011 to a record 11.3%
2013EuroCogenCHPBG_5 5 9/6/13 4:14 PM
European Cogen/CHP Buyers Guide 2013 6
CHP
in 2012 through increased capacity, while
heat from renewable sources leapt by 7%.
The gover nment s Renewabl es
Obligation policy is partly driving growth
in renewables CHP by acknowledging
that quality-assured green-feedstock
cogenerati on can count towards a
requirement placed on power producers to
increase their green energy output, noted
analyst frm Ricardo-AEA of Oxfordshire,
UK, in March 2013. It expects British cogen
capacity to exceed 12 GWe by 2030, 17%
of which will be from renewables. The
following stories illustrate why.
Germanys MVV Energie AG is building
a 140 million, 23 MW cogeneration plant
near Sittingbourne in Kent that will burn
old and waste timber. Its start-up date is
spring 2015.
Meanwhile, UK-based ENER-G will this
year supply a cogeneration system of up
to 1.4 MW capacity for a new anaerobic
digestion facility in Dunfermline, Scotland.
An engine from Germany-based MTU, with
an industry-high 42% electrical effciency,
will allow the facility to produce power from
methane biogas from food and garden
waste at a local authority landfll site.
But the big news of the past year was
that heat started fowing last October from
the UKs largest cogeneration project,
the 500 million ($760 million), 1275
MW plant operated by German utility
E.ON on the Isle of Grain in Kent, next to
project collaborator National Grids Grain
liquefed natural gas (LNG) terminal.
New communi t y cogener at i on
schemes include the waste-to-energy
Bunhill Energy Centre that pipes hot
water to more than 700 homes and other
buildings in Islington in London.
As for government policy, the most
recent signifcant moves have been the
March 2013 announcement of the next
steps in the governments 2012 Heat
Strategy to ensure that affordable, secure,
low carbon heating plays an important role
in the energy mix.
The strategy contains quite ambitious
plans for the growth of CHP, including
a commi tment to a gas-fi red CHP
policy, says DR. Rotheray. The latest
commitment includes 9 million to help
local government develop heat network
schemes running in towns and cities.
GERMANY ALREADY
HAS MORE THAN
80% OF TOTAL
MICROGENERATOR CHP
INSTALLATIONS
IN THE EU
Electricity market reform may also
be helping promote small stand-alone
systems, although not intentionally. By
forcing power producers to operate
in a competitive power market, it is
creating administrative and management
diffculties for small energy players:
But all this complexity is leading to a
very attractive market for the non-exporting
small-scale CHP market, which is growing
strongly, adds Dr. Rotheray.
FINNISH PROTECTION
Although Finland has created new energy
initiatives and regulations to develop
CHP plants, industrial CHP usage has
shrunk because the national economy is
facing depressed demand for the countrys
goods, especially in Europe.
Statistics Finland reports a fall in
industrial energy consumption in 2012
to 380 TWh, 2% lower than in 2011.
This caused a 7% decline in output from
industry-based CHP units.
In district heating, around 80% of
which in Finland employs cogeneration,
output declined by 11%.
Yet the government successfully
passed a national energy and climate
strategy in March 2013, aiming to create a
decentralized and versatile energy system
based on energy plants large and small,
and diverse energy sources supported by
a state-backed energy technology cluster.
The goal is to raise CHP plants share in
total national energy consumption from
22% in 2012 to 35% in 2025. Moreover
the strategy sets a target price for biogas
CHP production of 133.5 per MWh.
Finland will also continue supporting
the construction of cogeneration plants,
especially those linked to renewables such
as wood and biogas, says Pentti Puhakka, a
senior clean energy adviser to the Ministry
of Employment and Economy.
CHP is the only fuel-based method
for generating electricity that can reach
levels of effciency of up to 90%, he says.
Cogeneration systems save 3040% of
fuel consumption compared with separate
condensed electricity generation and heat
production systems. The effciency of CHP
to reduce emissions and fuel consumption
is often underestimated.
There is a strong case for developing
CHP combined with district heating and
cooling, as part of the sustainable energy
infrastructure of urban environments, he
adds.
Among new CHP plants from Finnish
companies is Fortum Corporations
biofuel-fred facility in Jarvenpaa, north
of Helsinki, commissioned in June and
costing 80 million.
It will produce 280 GWh of heat and
around 130 GWh of electricity per year.
Meanwhile, the Mets Group started
production in January at its latest CHP
plant, next to its Kerto timber mill. The
17 million, 160,000 MWh unit will deliver
heat, steam and power to the mill and the
district heating network in Lohja.
BALTIC BRIGHT SPOT
Cogeneration production is booming in
Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.
Latvian plants now number 132, up
from 83 in 2011, according to the countrys
Central Statistical Bureau.
Their capacity reached 1021 MW,
producing 2339 GWh of electricity and
4688 GWh of heat in 2012, and now
accounting for about 14.5% of Latvias
total electricity consumption, contributing
a 6% increase in production capacity last
year.
Yet despite there being more plants,
they are usually small, with an average
generating capacity of 0.25 MW.
In neighbouring Lithuania, CHP power
plants that use natural gas, biogas and
wood chips as fuel dominate.
CHPs growth in this country has been
slower than in Latvia, although Finnish
2013EuroCogenCHPBG_6 6 9/6/13 4:14 PM
European Cogen/CHP Buyers Guide 2013 7
CHP
energy company Fortum has invested
heavily in the regions cogeneration,
opening a waste-to-energy plant in May
in Klaipeda on the coast that will produce
400 GWh of heat and 140 GWh of
electricity per year from 230,000 tonnes
of local biomass and waste, covering 40%
of the citys energy needs.
Support for the facility included a
70 million seven-year loan from the
Finland-based Nordic Investment Bank.
Lithuania is also seeking to increase
its use of biomass in CHP by 2020. The
government wants to ensure 22% of power
in the country is generated by CHP plants
run on biomass in cogeneration mode;
12% by biomass CHP in condensation
mode; and 66% using other non-cogen
generators, including imported power.
Regarding projected funding for Lithuanias
development of biomass cogeneration,
56% will come from loans, 30% from EU
structural regional development funds and
14% from personal capital investment,
say the Lithuanian Renewable Energy
Confederation.
COGENERATION
PRODUCTION IS
BOOMING IN ESTONIA,
LATVIA AND LITHUANIA,
WITH LATVIAN PLANTS
NUMBERING 132, UP
FROM 83 IN 2011,
ACCOUNTING FOR
ABOUT 14.5% OF
TOTAL ELECTRICITY
CONSUMPTION
And in Estonia this May a CHP plant
of electrical and thermal capacities of
2.2 MW and 12 MW, respectively, launched
in Kuressaare, the nations westernmost
town.
Local energy company AS Kuressaare
Soojus operates the facility, which uses
a thermal oil boiler and thermal oil
economisers, and will be the largest
medium-capacity plant to be supported
by the Environmental Investment Centre,
a state-owned green technology funding
body that provided the construction
fnance.
Estonia has also announced it will
allocate 200 million from its EU structural
funds budget to support renewables from
2014 to 2020, aiming to supply 20% of
its gross electricity consumption from
cogeneration plants by 2020.
POLISH HITCH
Polands market for cogeneration hit a
setback this year when the government
scrapped legislation that would have
replaced an outgoing CHP subsidy scheme
that expired in March.
However, some cogener at i on
investments are still moving forward,
including the development of plants in
Bialystok, Katowice, Krakow, Lodz and
Poznan, and a 70 MWe plant being built
by Polish oil refning giant PKN Orlen near
its headquarters in Pock, central Poland,
which is due to come on line in 2016.
However, it is unclear when or if
those investments will receive central
government support.
A package of energy laws proposed
earlier this year would have provided
subsidies for CHP investments, but
with Polands economy slowing, the
government withdrew it.
Smaller regulations are now being
pushed through piecemeal. An early
measure would provide tax breaks for CHP
and is expected to be passed this autumn.
The law would still need approval from
the European Commission in its capacity
as EU government-subsidy watchdog.
But assuming a public funding framework
is eventually restored, the outlook will
be bright.
EU energy conservation legislation
and its Renewable Energy Directive on
green cogeneration mean that CHP
investment will rise in the country,
according to energy analyst Tomasz Chmal
at Warsaw-based think-tank the Sobieski
Institute.
Polands capital is the best example of
the many cities that already use CHP to
provide residents with heat and electricity.
And whi l e the vast maj ori ty of
cogeneration facilities in Poland use coal,
according to Chmal, biomass, co-fred and
waste-to-energy systems will surge as the
country looks to meet EU green energy
requirements.
ITALIAN STRIDES
Italy is continuing to promote cogeneration
through a trading scheme for white
certificates. This has proved to be a
particularly suitable support mechanism
for CHP, especially because in September
2011 the country accurately defned who
could access the scheme and how.
Certain high-efficiency producers
can earn the certifcates and then trade
them with power and gas distributors
who may want to fulfll mandatory energy
savings targets that they cannot meet
through their own efforts. Certifcates are
each worth one tonne of oil equivalent
saved.
From l ast December, changes
to the scheme also allowed energy
services companies that perhaps supply
cogenerated power, and companies
or organizations that have an energy
manager or an ISO 50001-certifed energy
management system in place to trade the
certificates. More than 1.84 million of
which were issued between 3 February and
30 June this year, according to sustainable
energy management authority Gestore
Servizi Energetici. But the schemes real
impact on the uptake of cogeneration and
Italys efforts to meet EU energy savings
targets is not clear.
The most recent and complete national
fgures came from the Italian Ministry for
Economic Development in 2011. These
showed that Italys 53 TWh of cogenerated
power, 18% of the total, is produced
mainly in industrial sectors such as the
petrochemical and refinery industries
with a primary energy mix heavily skewed
towards natural gas.
Meanwhile, an annual report published
in December 2012 on energy effciency
by the Italian National Agency for New
Technologies, Energy and Sustainable
Economi c Devel opment sai d more
significant growth is unlikely without a
2013EuroCogenCHPBG_7 7 9/6/13 4:14 PM
European Cogen/CHP Buyers Guide 2013 8
CHP
dedicated incentive scheme that allows
faster payback times for entrepreneurs or
extends more reliable credit to enterprises
looking to invest in cogeneration. And
growth in the Italian CHP market remains
slow despite the countrys attractive
regulatory environment.
A national energy efficiency action
plan has particularly highlighted the
untapped potenti al for resi denti al
micro-cogeneration, but installation
here is hindered by lengthy bureaucratic
procedures. A bill now before parliament
proposes a 65% tax deduction for
the installation of small and micro-
cogeneration systems to improve building
energy efficiency. This could prove an
appealing incentive.
HELLENIC PUSH
Cogeneration in Greece and Cyprus has
had to contend with economic crises and
largely neutral government policies.
But Greece saw a signifcant increase in
CHP capacity with the grid connection last
year of a high-effciency CHP plant at the
Aluminium SA complex of the Mytilineos
Group in the south of the country. It added
110 MW to the combined 89 MW output of
other CHP plants. And regulatory improve-
ments also helped the sector progress. For
example, the government clarifed rules
for administering and authorising small-
scale CHP connections to the grid.
However, the cash-strapped country
has imposed an additional and temporary
tax on cogeneration operators. July 2012
saw the passing of a solidarity levy of 10%
on the prices offered to CHP producers
for their power by LAGIE, the electricity
market operator. The producers argue
that this is unfair and that they should be
charged on the net price after fuel costs
have been accounted for. The levy is to
remain until 30 June 2014.
Greece has also yet to implement EU
Energy Efficiency Directive 2012/27/EU
an issue that the Hellenic Association
for the Cogeneration of Heat and Power
has raised with the government, given it
is likely to spark further incentives for the
sector. Association president Anastasios
Tosios says Greeces cogeneration industry
has potential but needs government
recognition of CHPs role as a primarily
energy saving operation.
He believes it also requires a stable
environment that does not produce
surprises, such as a new levy in 2015 or
2016.
Cyprus has been having an even
tougher time of late, but offcials at the
energy service of the islands Ministry of
Commerce, Industry and Tourism say CHP
production is rising steadily. Looking at the
largely Greek portion of the island that is
controlled by an internationally recognised
gover nment, CHP output reached
12.47 MW in 2011, up from 11.23 MW
the previous year. The country produced
68, 592. 94 MWh of el ectri ci ty and
75,347 MWh of heat from CHP in 2011,
according to the latest available fgures.
Much of the feedstock for these plants
comes from farms, mainly those rearing
pigs, which produce biogas.
The government has introduced two
sponsorship plans for CHP development
and has incorporated into law most
of the relevant EU energy directives,
although this is an ongoing process, say
offcials at the ministry. They note how the
financial crisis has dashed expectations
that cogeneration in Cyprus would reach
62 MWe sooner than the 2020 target date
of the nations second plan for energy
effciency.
SPAIN DISAPPOINTS
One di sappoi ntment i n European
cogeneration has been Spain, where the
sector is facing a sea-change in policy
that would favour renewables over CHP.
Cogeneration accounts for 12% of the
countrys electricity generation, 25% of
its natural gas consumption and 40% of
natural gas used by Spanish industry.
B u t me a s u r e s i n c l u d i n g
e n e r gy r e f o r ms de c r e e R e a l
Decreto-Ley 9/2013, approved on
13 July, mean cogenerators will pay more
tax on natural gas than a generator using
that fuel or coal to produce electricity
only, and much more than a wind energy
generator, complains the Asociacin
Espaola de Cogeneracin (ACOGEN).
The effects will be devastating for the
activity of the paper, ceramics, chemicals,
tiles and food industries, introducing
distortions in competition, it says.
Ant i ci pat ed November 2013
government figures may confirm that
industrial cogeneration had already been
shrinking from 2011 amid uncertainty over
government plans for the sector. The most
recent statistics from Spains Institute for
the Diversifcation and Saving of Energy,
published this February, pre-date the
proposal of the contentious reforms. They
show installed cogeneration capacity
rose to 6.41 GW in 2011 from 6.1 GW
in 2010, with the increase entirely from
industrial cogeneration. The service sector
contribution fell by around 400 MW from
201011.
Spains overall electricity production
from cogeneration in 2011 was 34.6 GWh.
Of the countrys 730 cogeneration plants
in 2011, most were industrial, including
159 in the food, drink and tobacco sector,
146 in manufacturing and non-metallic
minerals, and 126 in services, according
to Spains alternative energy institute the
Instituto para la Diversifcacin y Ahorro
de la Energa.
Many of these companies are opposing
the government plans. Manufacturers in the
country create 1520% of industrial GDP.
Among them, carmakers General Motors,
Opel and SEAT, energy and petrochemicals
companies CEPSA and BP, and food maker
Nestl backed an ACOGEN campaign in
June against government moves to hobble
cogeneration.
ROMANIAS FIGHT
Romani as cogenerati on sector has
had to fight for government-supported
investment. It has benefitted from an
energy tax on consumers that aids CHP
investments, but this fund may diminish by
the end of the year, the Romanian energy
minister Constantin Nita announced on
25 July. It is not clear yet, however, how
much the current tax of 5.25 per MWh
will be cut. Nita says the aim is to reduce
companies electricity bills to help make
Romanian exports more competitive and
to lower bills for consumers.
2013EuroCogenCHPBG_8 8 9/6/13 4:14 PM
European Cogen/CHP Buyers Guide 2013 9
CHP
This support scheme for high-effciency
CHP, which has been in place since April
2011, offers grants to encourage new
investment in cogeneration technology
and to help renew or even replace the
countrys communist-era district heating
systems, with the money being tapped
from funds gathered from the energy tax.
Prime Minister Victor Ponta even
suggested this April that the tax may
disappear entirely from consumers bills.
But a few days later Niculae Havrilet,
presi dent of the Romani an Energy
Regulatory Authority (ANRE), contradicted
him: I dont think we can speak about
eliminating it, but about re-evaluating it
and diminishing it in some cases, he said.
According to data from ANRE, Romania
had in April a total installed electrical
capacity of 3617.93 MW associated with
cogeneration, using mainly natural gas and
coal as feedstocks. An increasing number
of new CHP plants are being inaugurated
and built. The Energy Cogeneration
Group, which is part of the Romanian-
British company InterAgro Group, expects
to build four with a total capacity of
60.75 MW, mainly to support its agriculture,
tobacco, chemical and energy-industry
sites. Meanwhile on 9 July the Romanian-
Swedish consortium Genesis Biopartner
opened the first cogeneration plant
fuelled with biogas. This 1 MW facility will
power manufacturing at the countrys meat
processing company Cris-tim.
FRANCE LASPSES
Government policy in France is threat-
ening its recent advances regarding large
CHP plants, an existing stock of around
800 of which, with a total capacity of
5000 MW, can produce an average of 16
TWh of electricity and 22 TWh of heat
annually, according to green energy
association FEDENE. These cogeneration
facilities were largely installed between
1997 and 2001, backed by publ i c
investment subsidies of about 5 billion
that came with the promise that Frances
utilities would buy the power these plants
produced over 12 years. However, these
contracts are now reaching maturity. When
that period expires, these facilities must
sell their electricity on the open market,
which is small in France, where nuclear
dominates and makes the economic
feasibility of continuing these CHP plants
questionable.
However, some new cogeneration
facilities are being installed. Akuo Energy,
a French producer of electricity from
renewables, is investing 150 million
in two new biomass CHP plants via its
subsidiary NEREA. These are among the
frst biomass projects in the country to use
non-recourse fnancing, where repayments
will come from profits alone. One is a
13 MW biomass cogeneration facility,
expected to be operational by the end of
2014, that should produce 100,000 MWh
of electricity per year and 25 tonnes of
steam per hour for the Bonduelle Europe
Long Life food processing factory in
Estres-Mons in northern France.
The second project is a 16 MW
facility at Ajinomoto Foods Europes
food-processing plant in Nesle in the
same region, which began operating in
April 2013, producing 60 tonnes of steam
per hour.
These two projects will cut carbon
emissions in these factories by around
120,000 tonnes per year and will supply
electricity to more than 55,000 homes.
And last year papermaker Smurfit
Kappa Groups production facility in
Biganos in southwest France became
the countrys largest biomass-based CHP
facility. Dalkia, a subsidiary of Veolia
Environment, installed the 69 MW plant,
which produces 260 tonnes of steam per
hour.
And there is potential for expansion
i n the mi cro-CHP market too. The
gover nment has passed di recti ve
Rgl ementati on Ther mi que 2012,
which sets a new minimum standard for
thermal insulation in residential and other
buildings. This is likely to increase the use
of micro-CHP.
Given their extensive nuclear power,
the usage of cogeneration plants is still
in the emerging phase in France, says
Suba Arunkumar, energy and environment
industry manager for market analyst Frost
& Sullivan.
CROATIA
The EUs newest member state Croatia is
optimistic about CHP. The Croatian Energy
Regulatory Agency (HERA) says plans are
in place to ensure cogeneration here
grows signifcantly over the next few years.
It stresses that EU accession would help
promote CHP because the EUs energy
efficiency directive now applies, which
will provide a stable framework for [CHP]
development.
In June this year, Croatia published a
new act on the thermal energy market.
This includes a number of the directives
provisions. In addition, the Ministry of
Economy, which is responsible for the
energy sector, will draft a new act on energy
effciency that may pass into legislation by
the end of this year. It could include more
measures that will promote cogeneration
but the sector is growing anyway.
In 2012, five biomass or biogas
CHP pl ants wi th a total output of
4085 MWe started operations, says
HERA. One reason is that Croatias
system of feed-in tariffs, which provides
a higher power price for renewables,
has been encouraging investment in
CHP plants based on biomass or biogas,
whereas high-effciency [non-renewables]
is apparently not lucrative, HERA has
reportedly said.
HERA hopes EU development funds
can boost cogeneration in Croatia. The
nation will have access to 11.7 billion
in EU investment over the next seven
years if it proposes suitable projects and
programmes, according to the European
Commission.
There are high expectations regarding
funding via EU funds and programmes
for different projects, both structural and
demonstrational, says HERA. But further
is work required to produce eligible
proposals.
The cogeneration sector has not
delivered an eminent or established player
or representative that would co-ordinate
or lead projects and proposals, adds
HERA. Activities are limited to individual
investors, usually supported by regional
energy agencies, local government or
non-proft organizations, it added.
2013EuroCogenCHPBG_9 9 9/6/13 4:14 PM
European Cogen/CHP Buyers Guide 2013
10
CHP
Benefts of control go
beyond effciency
PART TWO
A Metso DNA energy management system at the heart orchestrates power, boiler, balance of plant, fuel handling and connections to the turbine and the electric system
Souce: Metso
2013EuroCogenCHPBG_10 10 9/6/13 4:14 PM
European Cogen/CHP Buyers Guide 2013 11
CHP
T
he European cogeneration sector
has been l ooki ng hard for a
competitive edge, and one area of
innovation that has helped it improve its
energy efficiency is in the convergence
of software, control and instrumentation,
the internet and wireless communication,
and smart grids. These are increasingly
infuencing the operations of cogeneration
plants and what opportunities they have.
Various factors show the importance
of i mprovi ng control systems and
instrumentation in industrial cogeneration
plants, among them the complexity of
operating conditions, the numbers of
boilers and turbines frequently involved,
potentially competing demands from
end users of the power and heat, and the
increasing likelihood that surplus power
will be fed into local and national grids.
Advanced automation is playing an
increasingly signifcant role here as it can
deliver higher effciency, a reduced load
on the environment and lower use of fuel
stock, according to Jukka Pyykk, product
manager at Metso Automation, a business
division of Finlands global engineering and
technology company Metso. Automation,
he says, can measure, calculate, estimate
and monitor production effciency, direct
costs, lifetime costs, emissions and how
these parameters interact.
While this is understood by operators
of modern large CHP plants, there is
less awareness among those employing
smaller units. It is not yet clear to every
user that a modern automation system
gives clear benefits when compared
with a simpler PLC [programmable logic
controller] system, says Pyykk. A good
time to upgrade an automation system
is, for instance, in connection with the
modernization of boiler combustion
technology or the steam turbine controller.
Getting the best from the most
advanced solutions depends on putting in
place automation and information systems
that are expandable and can be integrated
with processes, he adds. Metsos solution
is Metso DNA Energy Management,
which has a strong foothold, particularly
for European biomass-fred cogeneration
plants, the company says. Metso DNA is
a modular database software system that
allows load and price forecasting, energy
production optimization and electricity
trading.
In response to industry requirements,
it has separate modules so users can tailor
it to their needs without having to spend
time and capital on customising software.
User friendliness is a key goal of software
developers in this field and the Metso
system is designed to be compatible with
the user interface in Microsoft Offce and
Microsoft Internet Explorer.
Similarly reports can be generated
in Microsoft Excel, while users can edit
information pulled into the systems
database from the plant or manually
add information. This might happen if
operators wish to plug in external forecasts
for example. A separate, simulation
database in the system allows operators to
ask what-if questions about the potential
impact of, say, weather and load scenarios.
With security of both plants and
power grids moving well up the cyber
security agenda this year, the facility to set
individual user passwords and rights is an
important feature of Metso DNA.
Metso DNA technology will lie at the
heart of the 25 million (US$33 million)
biomass-fred cogeneration power plant
in Sweden that Metso is supplying to
Vimmerby Energi & Milj AB for scheduled
start-up by the end of 2014.
Designed for unmanned operation,
the plant capacity of 26 MWth and
7 MWe with a Metso fue gas condenser
also producing 4.5 MWth of heat, requires
sophisticated automation to deal with the
competing demands made on it. These
include hot water for district heating and
local industries, steam for a local brewery,
reduced CO
2
emissions and the export
of surplus electricity to Swedens national
grid. All this is fred by local forest residues,
such as bark and wood chips.
Automation systems have proved their
worth around Europe. Emerson Process
Management, a division of US-based
Recent implementations of automation and information systems at cogeneration
plants show how these technologies not only improve productivity but enhance
reliability and cybersecurity too. They will soon even allow CHP demand-side
response management.
2013EuroCogenCHPBG_11 11 9/6/13 4:14 PM
European Cogen/CHP Buyers Guide 2013 12
CHP
global engineering firm Emerson, reported in June that the
reliability and effciency of a mission critical cogeneration plant
in Cartagena, southeast Spain, had increased since the company
installed the latest version of its Ovation expert distributed control
system there in February 2012.
Ovation has evolved over the years in response to industrys
needs and comprises computerised controllers throughout
the plant, a data input-output unit and embedded software
applications.
The control systems are split into two sections: one covering
the CHP plant and the other covering the separate package
boilers. As with Metsos DNA system, it is designed to mesh easily
with the latest developments in communications, data processing
and advanced applications.
At Cartagena, Ovation equipped a natural gas-fired,
95 MW combined-cycle cogeneration facility that needs maximum
availability to prevent interruption of the supply of steam and
power to a neighbouring polycarbonate plastics production site.
EnergyWorks, a subsidiary of Spanish energy giant Iberdrola
Group, operates the cogeneration plant, which is now able to
respond more quickly to changes in demand, Emerson says. The
company also stresses that use of Ovation has extended the
working life of the plant.
One important function that effcient controls can help deliver
is the monitoring of the moisture content of feedstock and the
adjustment of the combustion process for better effciency.
Ovation in its latest form allows biomass-fuelled power plants
continually to undertake these observations and calibrations. A
microwave moisture sensor combines with an Ovation control
system to help reduce maintenance costs says Emerson.
The company explains that biomass fuels vary considerably
in energy content. Fuel with a high moisture content generates
less heat and has a signifcant positive effect on energy recovery
in steam generators.
Controlling combustion by monitoring fue gases and adjusting
the combustion air for best effciency is the traditional solution,
but rapidly changing fuel quality and boiler characteristics can
make maintaining optimum conditions diffcult, according to
Emerson. Its solution is to continually monitor the moisture in
fuel that is feeding into the combustion chamber. The system
includes a small skid platform that every two to three minutes
samples biomass fuel moving into the plant, measures moisture,
then returns the fuel to the transport system.
The moisture sensor connects to Ovation via ethernet
systems. Ovation analyses the data feed to provide fast, accurate
information on temperature and moisture. It then adjusts the
combustion air to match the characteristics of the fuel based
on the master set-point output for MWe, steam or pressure,
and based on the boiler response and the thermal cycle
overall.
The variable moisture content of biomass fuels presents a
challenge for operators who are under pressure to maximize
performance from their power plants, says Bob Yeager, president
of Emerson Process Managements Power & Water Solutions.
With continuous moisture monitoring data incorporated into the
Ovation control system, operators can make rapid adjustments to
the combustion process to help enable an increase in net yearly
MWh production.
Emerson adds that a leading power generator in Italy has
evaluated the solution on a 15 MWe, 50 MWth wood chip-
burning power plant whose fuel arrives from various suppliers,
each delivering it with varying levels of moisture. The combustion
process here needs to be continually adjusted for different mixes
of fuel. Continuous monitoring of moisture has helped improve
the plants effciency and reduce maintenance costs, Emerson
says.
The example is apt as varied biomass fuels will be a signifcant
feature of the increased complexity that Metsos Pyykk expects
to see in cogeneration in the future. He foresees different types
of green energy supplies being connected to common district
heating and cooling networks, as well as national grids.
They will be controlled optimally and operated remotely with
advanced automation solutions, he says, adding that they will run
on biomass, solar energy, process heat, biogas, waste-to-energy,
wind, heat pumps, natural gas, stored energy, gasifcation or coal
with carbon capture. Automations role is to take care of the
ARE STRAY ELECTRICAL
CURRENTS DESTROYING
YOUR MACHINERY?
2013EuroCogenCHPBG_12 12 9/6/13 4:14 PM
European Cogen/CHP Buyers Guide 2013 13
CHP
optimum power and heat production based on capacities and
costs, he says.
Meanwhile, rising consciousness about the potential for cyber
attacks against power plants and grids has seen Switzerland-
headquartered global engineering company ABB start to
emphasize security features that have been added progressively
to its control systems for the power and water industries.
In a detailed note on these in late 2012, it acknowledged
that, in general, systems delivering comprehensive real-time
information to allow greater reliability and control have become
increasingly interconnected.
The new generation of automation systems uses open
standards and commercial technologies, with particular reliance
on ethernet and TCP/IP-based communication protocols that are
familiar to many internet users and, sadly, to most hackers. With
connectivity to external networks such as company intranets and
the internet itself, operational benefts now go hand-in-hand with
security risks.
As the power industry in general has become more aware
of the threats, it is demanding secure systems. ABB is among
leading solutions providers who claim that cyber security is
embedded in their products. Among its proactive defences
are a centre to test security patches for its software and an
independent site where state-of-the-art security tools assess
products for robustness.
For example, ABBs Symphony Plus control systems for power
plants allows external communication to an automation and
control system to be routed through a protective frewall and
communication enabled by a virtual private network.
Symphony Plus supports antivirus software, which can also
have different security zones that require different levels of
clearance to access depending on the operators role in the
process. This can limit the use of removable media such a pen
drives and disks.
Other standard features are event logging and audit trails,
backup and restore functions, hardened operating systems on
host servers, host server frewalls and security software patch
validation.
Other providers of relevant solutions include Americas
Honeywell, which in June unveiled Cyber Security Dashboard, an
advanced product it claims will help power plants better manage
control-system cyber security.
In many ways the control room of the future wont be limited
to the control room at all, says Jason Urso, chief technology
offcer with Honeywell Process Solutions.
The tool is intended to simplify the process of keeping
automation systems up-to-date with cyber security requirements.
It presents data in a single view and allows users to drill down
and access more-detailed content, such as graphics, trends,
documents and applications.
Advanced analytics can generate customised alerts to advise
staff to update antivirus protection, for example, and manage
software security patches. Honeywell expects to roll out Cyber
Security Dashboard worldwide in early 2014.
Meanwhile, smart wireless instrumentation solutions aimed at
reducing downtime in plants including cogeneration facilities are
becoming more sophisticated. Emerson Process Managements
Rosemount 3051 pressure transmitter, launched in May, transmits
data on fow and pressure in steam, water and compressed air
systems to benchmark energy usage, identify energy savings and
provide energy management and accurate internal billing.
The company claims it has a 10-year power module life,
will be stable for at least fve years and maintenance free, and
will reduce energy costs and increase process effciency while
providing a safer environment for employees.
Emerson contends that equipment failure causes nearly half of
operational downtime, yet many assets go unmonitored because
of cost constraints.
It says the Rosemount 3051 wireless pressure transmitter can
deliver cost savings of 4060% compared with wired installations.
Wireless technology also means additional measurement points
can be added quickly and economically.
Validating the smart wireless approach, Emerson released
details in March of how this technology is improving operational
effciency by an estimated 5% at a 13.7 MW biomass cogeneration
plant in Faenza, Ravenna province, Italy.
www.tedomengines.com, info@tedomengines.com, +420 483 363 642
Power range: 80 - 210 kW
Fuels: NG, Biogas, LPG,
Diesel, Biodiesel and others
ENGINES AND GENERATOR SETS
Reliable heart for your
cogeneration unit
2013EuroCogenCHPBG_13 13 9/6/13 4:14 PM
European Cogen/CHP Buyers Guide 2013 14
CHP
The facility uses Emerson wireless
devi ces to moni tor compl ex f uel
pretreatment, incineration and a new
boi l er. Thi s supports preventati ve
maintenance and provides tank overspill
protection.
Some 29,000 local households draw
power from the plant, whose operator
Enomondo burns waste residues from
wine making, and in the process helps to
reduce Italys CO
2
emissions from power
generation by 35,500 tonnes annually.
Enomondo is a 50/50 joint venture
between wine and denatured alcohol
maker Caviro Distillerie of Treviso and
Italian construction, recycling and waste
disposal company Herambiente.
With the installation of a new boiler at
the plant to increase effciency and capacity
came the need for new instrumentation to
monitor temperature and pressure.
The fuel pretreatment process, which
ensures NOx emissions are less than
half the limit set by law in Italy, had
numerous variables that were not easily
controlled.
Enomondo addressed this problem by
using smart wireless technology because
it offered simpler installation and lower
overall costs than wired solutions. In March
the plant was using 22 smart wireless
transmitters to send data on temperature
and pressure via a wireless gateway to the
plants Emerson Delta V digital automation
system. Cost savings came in various
forms.
Infrastructure costs were some 30%
lower than a wired alternative, layout and
wiring costs were halved, and installation
and instrumentation control costs 40%
less, Emerson says.
The modularity of Emersons smart
wireless technology, the ease and reduced
cost of implementation compared to wired
devices, and its reliability once installed
have encouraged us to expand its use
into other applications, says Alessandro
Catani, plant and energy manager for
Enomondo.
Beyond the plant level, connectivity
is also emerging as a strong technology
theme for power distribution networks.
Ageing networks in Europe need more
fl exi bi l i ty and robustness to meet
i ncreasi ng demand whi l e meeti ng
European Union targets to reduce carbon
emissions by 20% by 2020 compared with
1990.
Members of a UK busi ness-l ed
consortium are addressing this agenda by
planning a live pilot to validate the model
they have developed to establish active
virtual power plants with CHP clusters
feeding into a Smart Grid.
The organizations planning to go
live after a feasibility study in UK Power
Networks London distribution network
are distribution network operator UK
Power Networks, packaged cogeneration
plant supplier ENER-G, combined power,
innovation consultant the Advanced
Digital Institute, and smart grid companies
Flexitricity and Smarter Grid Solutions. The
study launched in July 2012 and received
100,000 ($155,000) from the British
government-backed Technology Strategy
Board.
The partners have not disclosed
technical results but are satisfied that
they have developed a workable active
demand-response supply control model
at a low level in the network, where
many small-scale CHP plants in the range
10 kWe to 1000 kWe and individual
loads are linked to a distribution network
operators (DNO) network management
signals in a system that the consortium
calls active CHP-VPP (CHP-virtual power
plants). Such loads include building
heating, ventilation and air conditioning
equipment.
The requirements for active CHP-VPP
can be used to shape offerings to the
market place in terms of the combination of
aggregation and constraint management
and the requi red communi cati ons
infrastructure, the organizations conclude.
The consortium anticipates that by
2015 early-adopter DNOs globally will be
commissioning active, distributed demand
and supply management VPP systems. It
notes: The installed base of small CHP
plants is circa 50 MW in London, 4 GW in
the UK, 100 GW in Europe and 320 GW
worldwide.
Marti n Wi l cox, head of Future
Networks at UK Power Networks, told
a London conference in July: We now
want to include demand-side response as
part of our normal activity as trials have
given us confdence that it can work as an
alternative to network reinforcement.
We are talking to organizations about
the returns they can make by supporting
Londons electricity network at peak times.
A microwave sensor reporting to an Ovation management system allows biomass-fred plants to adjust the
combustion process for maximum effciency Source: Emerson
2013EuroCogenCHPBG_14 14 9/6/13 4:14 PM
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