1.

Love + able=lovable
2. admire + able= admirable
3. duty+ full = dutiful
4. Beauty + full = beautiful
5. believe+ er= believer
6. gentle+ ness= gentleness
7. Wise+ dom = wisdom
8. create/creating
9. type/typing
10. shake/shaking
11. dye -- dyeing/dyed
12. hoe -- hoeing/hoed
13. singe -- singeing
14. relieve/relieving, achieve/achieving, grieve/grievance,
deceive/deceiver, leave/leaving, deplete/depleting,
complete/completing, compete/competing, slide/sliding,
hide/hiding, ride/riding/rider, release/releasing, please/pleasing,
lease/leasing, deface/defacing, erase/erasing
15. try/trying, buy, study, pay, spy, cry/y, say, en!oy, tidy
Change of y to i:
Words ending in y preceded by a consonant, change the y to i
and add es or ed.
"#amples $ Words:
puppy - puppies
army - armies
supply - supplies
sky - skies
party - parties
library - libraries
rely - relies
marry - marries
theory - theories
study - studies
apply - applies
16. Words ending in y preceded by a vowel, just add s
Examples: boy - boys
toy - toys
employ - employs
valley - valleys
delay - delays
convey - conveys
pray - prays
stay - stays
%&' Adding a sufx:
Words ending in y before a consonant usually change the y to i
before a sufx
"#amples$ happy - happiness
beauty - beautiful
busy - business
mystery - mysterious
lu#ury - lu#urious
fancy - fanciful
envy - envious
mercy - merciless
ordinary - ordinarily
vary - variance
apply - appliance
17. But verbs ending in y do not drop the y before ing
Examples: study - studying
hurry - hurrying
relay - relaying
pray - praying
portray - portraying
apply - applying
(((' Words with )ei* or*ie*
Words with ie and
ei:
When the sound is
e write ie except
after
Words:
relieve, priest, relief, chieftain, grievous, +eld,
belief, yield, thief, shriek, reprieve, besiege,
piece, pierce, cashier, reprieve, brief, sieve
Words after :
conceit, ceiling, deceive, perceive, receipt,
deceit, conceive,
When the sound is
other than e!
usually write ei
Words:
eight, rein, veil, heir, weight, their, sleigh, vein,
neigh, skein, neighbor, reign, freight, heifer,
weir, weigh
Exceptions
here are always
exceptions.
Words:
friend, mischief, sei,e, sheik, weird, either,
neither, +nancier, leisure, sei,e, species,
!ule "#: $" before E except after #%&
-his rule, designed to help us remember how to spell words such
as receive and chief, seems so promising in its simplicity at +rst'
achieve, believe, bier, brief, hygiene, grief, thief, friend,
grieve, chief, +end, patience, pierce, priest
ceiling, conceive, deceive, perceive, receipt, receive, deceit,
conceit
But then things get complicated$ it doesn.t work with words
pronounced /ay/ as in neighbor, freight, beige, sleigh, weight, vein, and
weigh and there are many e#ceptions to the rule$ either, neither, feint,
foreign, forfeit, height, leisure, weird, seize, and seizure'
0till, the rule is relatively simple and worth remembering'
!ule "': $(ropping )inal E%
When adding an ending to a word that ends with a silent e, drop
the +nal e if the ending begins with a vowel$
advancing
surprising
1owever, if the ending begins with a consonant, keep the +nal e$
advancement
likeness
21owever, if the silent e is preceded by another vowel, drop the e
when adding any ending$ argument, argued, truly.3
Exceptions: to avoid confusion and mispronunciation, the +nal e
is kept in words such as mileage and words where the +nal e is
preceded by a soft g or c$ changeable, courageous, manageable,
management, noticeable' 2-he word management, for e#ample,
without that e after the g, would be pronounced with a hard g sound'3
!ule "*: $(ropping )inal $%
When adding an ending to a word that ends with y, change the y to
i when it is preceded by a consonant'
supply becomes supplies
worry becomes worried
merry becomes merrier
-his does not apply to the ending -ing, however'
crying
studying
4or does it apply when the +nal y is preceded by a vowel'
obeyed
saying
!ule "+: $(oubling )inal Consonants%
When adding an ending to a word that ends in a consonant, we
double that consonant in many situations' 5irst, we have to determine
the number of syllables in the word'
6ouble the +nal consonant before adding an ending that begins
with a vowel when the last syllable of the word is accented and that
syllable ends in a single vowel followed by a single consonant'
submit is accented on the last syllable and the +nal
consonant is preceded by a vowel, so we double the t before
adding, for instance, an -ing or -ed$ submitting, submitted.
,ap contains only one syllable which means that it is always
accented' 7gain, the last consonant is preceded by a vowel,
so we double it before adding, for instance, an -ing or -ed$
fapping, fapped. -his rule does not apply to verbs that end
with /#,/ /w,/ /v,/ and /y,/ consonants that cannot be
doubled 2such as /bo#/ 8bo#ing9 and /snow/ 8snowing93'
open contains two syllables and the last syllable is preceded
by a single vowel, but the accent falls on the +rst syllable,
not the last syllable, so we don.t double the n before adding
an ending$ opening, opened.
refer contains two syllables and the accent falls on the last
syllable and a single vowel precedes the +nal consonant, so
we will double the r before adding an ending, as in referring,
referral' -he same would apply to begin, as in beginner,
beginning'
relent contains two syllables, but the +nal consonant is
preceded by another consonant, not a vowel, so we do not
double the t before adding an ending$ relented, relenting.
deal looks like ap 2above3, but the syllable ends in a
consonant preceded not by a single vowel, but by two
vowels, so we do not double the +nal l as in dealer and
dealing. -he same would apply, then, to despair$ despairing,
despaired'