Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM

Introduction

The National Competency-Based Teacher Standards (NCBTS) state its

principle as Teachers in all Philippines Schools are committed and

accountable for providing classroom instruction with results that are

manifested in high performance levels in terms of student learning

outcomes. Accordingly, the school is primarily a social institution, then the

teachers are the primary factor in shaping individual power (Dewey, 1902).

Innovation into the educational system is a big challenge to all

educators. A knowledgeable teacher is not enough to attain best learning

outcomes but it needs an appropriate teaching strategy with the aid of

supplementary instructional materials. The Department of Education (DepEd)

created the 2002 Basic Education Curriculum (BEC) and was renamed

Revitalized Basic Education Curriculum (RBEC) after one year of

implementation. Thus, revision upgrading is needed to attain the goals and

objectives in the curriculum or any instructional facilities and materials.

Majority of the Filipinos are linguist in English language but as cited by

(Prajes, 2007) that the Third International Mathematics and Science Study

(TIMSS) in Singapore, it was found out that Philippines ranked 39th out of 42

participating nations in mathematics performance. Hence, the multiple

intelligences (Gardner, 1983) of the Filipinos particularly in linguistic and

mathematical intelligences don’t correlate. In effect many of the new

graduates today found difficulties in applying good job since most of the

employers today require not only good communication skills but also better

mathematical ability.

Some research in learning showed that most students hardly

understand mathematics effectively by just listening and imitating. In order

for teachers to meet tomorrows needs, they must invest in the nations

intellectual capital ( Balucan, 1996).

In Father Saturninino Urios University, High School department made

laboratory manuals for science especially in chemistry and physics but they

didn’t develop a supplement material for Mathematics.

Mathematics teaching is concerned with innovations adapted to suit

with the needs of changing society. The various techniques and strategies

plus a Learning module in teaching the subject are therefore necessary for

better learning. The researcher believe that developing learning module for

Advanced Algebra and Trigonometry for Secondary fourth year students will

ease the burden of the teacher in the learning process.

Theoritical and Conceptual Framework

 This study describes on how the idea in writing the instructional

module base from the Basic Education Curriculum (BEC) Learning

Competencies.

The Flow of the Study

Developmental Stage

1. Asses the needs for developing an instructional module. The

learning outcomes from the module must have immediate

application.

2. Decide the format of the proposed learning module.

3. Identify and describe characteristics of the learners. The

background of the student must be described.

4. Develop specific objectives based from the Basic Education

Curriculum (BEC) learning competencies. It must be stated in

behavioral terms that measure the capability of the learners.

5. Develop criteria to measure learning outcomes.

6. Analyze skills and knowledge related to objectives.

7. Contents must not only relate to objectives but also include steps

necessary in the learning process.

8. Select instructional activities. The learning methods must correlate

with objectives and contents

 9. Develop the instructional module. The composition of the module

including all elements, activities, exercises, must be logically

sequenced.

Evaluation Stage

1. Pre-evaluation. The comments, suggestions and corrections of the

thesis adviser as well as panel of evaluators and thesis committee will

serve as the basis for the inclusion deletion in the reversion of the

module.

2. Try out the module. The module was tried with a sample of

potential users, in order to insure educational effectiveness.

3. Post evaluation. In the post of evaluation stage, the data gathered

from the try out phase were tabulated, organized and analyzed to

check.

a.) Suitability of the objectives

b.) Outcomes in learning

c.) Continuity of learning

Reproduction Stage

1. Revised the module to its final form. If the try out data

contained deficiencies the module must be revised.

2. Publish the revised module. If the try out data indicated that

everything is satisfactory or very satisfactory the module can be

published and implemented.

EVALUATION STAGE

DEVE
DEVE
EVALUATIONSTAGE
Significance of the Study

The use of simplified and practical methods like intermediate learning

module will somehow lessen the burden of the teachers and the students as

well in the learning process. Base on the written curriculum of Basic

Education Curriculum (BEC) where module is going to be developed and will

be used in everyday’s lesson. The result that will be based from the try-out

outputs will give way to be more convenient for the teachers and the

students towards the subject.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

This study will focused on the development of learning module in

Advanced Algebra and Trigonometry for fourth year secondary students of

Father Saturnino Urios University. The learning module will contain the

following topics; Functions of (Linear, Quadratic, Polynomial, Exponential,

Logarithms, Circular, Trigonometry), and Triangle Trigonometry. The Topics

will be evaluated by the panel of expert evaluators purposively select by the

researcher or recommended by the thesis committee.

Definition of Terms

The following terms are defined as they are used theoretically and

operationally in this study.

Instructional Material. This refers to a device with instructional content

use for teaching purposes. In this study, it refers to an instructional aid that

includes textbooks, reference books, modules and many type of workbooks

and instructional aids.

Module . A supplementary material designed to develop and strengthen

students skills and providing drill materials for the students.

Syllabus. It is an outline or an official guide prepared and distributed by the

authority of education to be used by teachers as an aid in teaching of a given

subject. In this study, it refers to a guide for every teaching the subject.

Task Analysis Chart . A chart which serves as a guide in the preparation of

a module. It refers to the reduction of the component of the task to the basic

behavioral elements, for the purpose of determining the best methods to

perform it, and to understand better the learning process.