1.

B
[1]

2.

B
[1]

3.

D
[1]

4.

C
[1]

5.

A
[1]

6.

B
[1]

7.

D
[1]

8.

A
[1]

9.

B
[1]

10.

C
[1]

11.

B
[1]

12.

D
[1]

13.

A
[1]

14.

D
[1]

15.

B
[1]

16.

C
[1]

17.

D
[1]

18.

D
[1]

19.

A
[1]

20.

C
[1]

21.

C
[1]
2

22.

B
[1]

23.

A
[1]

24.

A
[1]

25.

D
[1]

26.

D
[1]

27.

D
[1]

28.

C
[1]

29.

C
[1]

30.

C
[1]

31.

B
[1]

32.

B
[1]

33.

B
[1]

34.

C
[1]

35.

A
[1]

36.

A
[1]

37.

A
[1]

38.

D
[1]

39.

A
[1]

40.

C
[1]

41.

A
[1]
4

42.

C
[1]

43.

C
[1]

44.

C
[1]

45.

C
[1]

46.

B
[1]

47.

D
[1]

48.

C
[1]

49.

B
[1]

50.

B
[1]

51.

D
[1]

52.

C
[1]

53.

A
[1]

54.

B
[1]

55.

D
[1]

56.

A
[1]

57.

B
[1]

58.

A
[1]

59.

C
[1]

60.

C
[1]

61.

C
[1]
6

62.

A
[1]

63.

C
[1]

64.

D
[1]

65.

B
[1]

66.

C
[1]

67.

C
[1]

68.

C
[1]

69.

20.3
79.70
26
.
98
Al
Cl 35.45 or similar working (no penalty for use of 27 or 35.5);

empirical formula AlCl3;

267
molecular formula: n = 133.5 = 2;

Al2Cl6;
Full credit can be obtained if the calculations are carried out
by another valid method. Two correct formulas but no valid
method scores [2 max].
[4]

70.

1.15
moles of Na = 23 = 0.05;
moles of NaOH = 0.05;
Accept same as moles of Na
0.05
3
concentration = 0.25 = 0.20 (mol dm )
Allow ECF from moles of NaOH

3
[3]

71.

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

bubbling/effervescence/dissolving of CaCO3/gas given off

(do not accept CO2 produced);
more vigorous reaction with HCl/OWTTE;
2HCl(aq) + CaCO3(s) CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(1);
[1] for correct formulas, [1] for balanced, state symbols not
essential.

1.25
100
.09 (no penalty for use of 100);
amount of CaCO3 =
amount of HCl = 20.0125 = 0.0250 mol (allow ECF);
3
3
volume of HCl = 0.0167 dm /16.7 cm (allow ECF);

2
2

1:1 ratio of CaCO3 to CO2 /use 0.0125 moles CO2 (allow ECF);
3

(0.012522.4) = 0.28 dm /280 cm /2.810 m (allow ECF);

Accept calculation using pV=nRT.

1
[9]

72.

(a)

85.6 : 14.4
mole ratio C:H = 12.01 1.01 = 7.13:4.3;
No penalty for using integer atomic masses.
empirical formula is

(b)

(i)

CH 2 ;

1.01 10 2 kPa (0.399 dm 3 );

PV
mass
;
RT molar mass
8.314 J (273 K)
mol K
number of moles of gas n =
;
1.00 g
0.017 mol = 56.3 (g mol1)

OR
mass of the molar volume
22.4 dm 3
molar mass is the
at STP;
1.00 22.4
1
= 0.399
= 56.1 (g mol )
Accept answers in range 56.0 to 56.3.
Accept two, three or four significant figures.

(ii)

C4H8;

1
No ECF.
[5]

73.

(a)

2NH3 + H2SO4 (NH4)2SO4

Accept correct equation with NH4OH instead of NH3.

mol H2SO4 = 0.02010.150;

3

2NH3 = H2SO4/mol NH3 = 6.0310 ;

3

[NH3] = 0.241 (mol dm );

Apply 1(SF) if appropriate.
Award [3] for the correct final answer for the
concentration calculation.

(b)

(c)

bromocresol green;
reaction of weak base and strong acid/OWTTE;
pH range of bromocresol green is 3.8 to 5.4 / occurs at pH < 7;
Kb = 10

4.75

= 1.7810 ;

[NH 4 ][OH ]
[NH 3 ]

Kb =

/[OH ] =

K b [ NH 3 ]

[OH ] = 1.78 10 0.121 ;

pOH = 2.83;

4
Award [4] for the correct final answer.

Allow ECF, for example any correct conversion of [OH ]

to pOH.
[11]

74.

(a)

% of oxygen = 36.4;

54.5
9.1
36.4
,H
,O
;
12.01
1.01
16.00
Do not penalize if 12, 1 and 16 are used.

C2H4O;

3
If atomic numbers or incorrect Ar values used, only first mark
can be scored.
Award [3] for correct formula without working.

(b)

mRT
pV = nRT/pV = M r /correct rearrangement;
Mr

0.230 8.31 368

;
102 10 3 0.0785 10 3
Award [1] for 368 even if incorrect expression given.

Mr = 87.8;

3
Accept answer in range 87.8 to 88.
Do not allow ECF.
Award [3] for correct final answer

(c)

C4H8O2;

1
Answer does not need to show working to receive the mark.
Do not allow ECF.
[7]

10

75.

(i)

C
N
H

62.0
/ 5.16
12.01

24.1
/ 1.72
14.01
13.9
/ 13.8
1.01
Award [2] for above.
No penalty for use of whole number atomic masses.
If atomic numbers used then only mark for % of H can be
awarded.
If H % and calculation missing, award [1], and last mark
cannot be scored.
If H % calculation incorrect apply ECF.

C3NH8;

3
Correct empirical formula scores [3].

(ii)

the average mass of a molecule;

compared to 1/12 of (the mass of) one atom of
C-12 taken as 12;

12

C/compared to

OR

(iii)

average mass of a molecule

mass of 1 /12 of one atom of 12 C
Award [2] for the equation above.

C6N2H16;

1
[6]

11

76.

(i)

N
H

62.0
/ 5.16
12.01

24.1
/ 1.72
14.01
13.9
/ 13.8
1.01
Award [2] for above.
No penalty for use of whole number atomic masses.
If atomic numbers used then only mark for % of H can be
awarded.
If H % and calculation missing, award [1], and last mark
cannot be scored.
If H % calculation incorrect apply ECF.

C3NH8;
Correct empirical formula scores [3].
(ii)

the average mass of a molecule;

12
compared to 1/12 of (the mass of) one atom of C/compared to
C-12 taken as 12;
OR

(iii)

average mass of a molecule

mass of 1/12 of one atom of 12 C
Award [2] for the equation above.

C6N2H16;

1
[6]

77.

60.0 dm CO2;
3

80.0 dm H2O;
3

20.0 dm O2;

3
Apply 1(U).
[3]

12

78.

overall there will be no change to the pressure;

double absolute temperature and the pressure doubles;
double volume and the pressure halves;
Apply ECF if points 2 and 3 are incorrect.
OR
Use PV = nRT, Since n and R are constant;
V and T are both doubled;
P will remain unchanged;
OR
OWTTE for mathematical interpretation
e.g. T P, therefore 2P;
V 1/P, therefore P;
No change to P, P2P = P;

3
[3]

79.

(i)

n(C)(= n(CO2) = 2.68 g44.01 g mol ) = 0.0609 mol;

1

n(H)(= 2n(H2O) = 0.657 g18.02 g mol ) = 0.0729 mol;

m(C) = 0.0609 mol12.01 g mol

= 0.731 g

and m(H) = 0.0729 mol1.01 g mol

= 0.0736 g;

m(O) = (1.00 0.731 0.0736)g = 0.195g;

n(C)
0.0609

n(H)
n(O)
0.0730
0.195

16.00
0.0609

0.0730
0.0122

0.0609

0.0730
0.0122

0.0122

0.0122
0.0122

4.99
empirical formula: C5H6O;
For C5H6 award [4 max].

5.98
1.00;
6

Steps used to arrive at the correct amounts (in moles) are

required for full marks.
13

(ii)

M(crocetin) = 98.5 g0.300 mol = 328 (g mol );

328
4)
82.11

molecular formula: C20H24O4;

ECF from (i).

2
[8]

14

80.

(i)

NH3(aq) + HCl(aq) NH4Cl(aq);

States not required for mark

(ii)

n(HCl) = cV = 0.100 mol dm 0.0250 dm = 0.00250 mol;

n(NH3) = n(HCl) = 0.00250 mol;
ECF

(iii)

1
3

(M (NH3) = 14.01 + 3(1.01) =) 17.04/17.0 (g mol );

m(NH3) = 0.00250 mol17.04g mol
ECF

= 0.0426g/0.0425g;

2
[5]

81.

empirical formula = CN;

Working must be shown to get point.
1

Mr = 51.9 (g mol );
:N
C C
N:;

3
[3]

82.

(a)

(b)

3Ag (aq) + XO4 (aq) Ag3XO4(s);

states;
[1] for balanced equation and [1] for states.

(i)

nAg+ = cV = 0.2040 mol dm 0.04118 dm

3

= 0.008401/8.40110 mol (1 SF)

Ignore units even if wrong, do not award mark unless 4 sig fig.

(ii)

n Ag 3XO 4

1
3

nAg+ =

1
3

0.008401 mol
3

= 0.002800/2.80010 mol
1
ECF from (a) and (b)(i)
(iii)

0.002800 mol weighs 1.172 g

1.172g
1
1 mol weighs 0.002800 mol = 418.6 g mol
418.6;
Accept answer in range 418 to 419.
No penalty for too many sig figs.
ECF from (b) (ii)
1
g mol
Do not accept g.

15

(iv)

(3107.87) + x + 4 (16.0) = 418.6

therefore, x = 30.99 (accept 31.0/31);
P/phosphorous;

2
[8]

83.

(a)

C2H4 + 3O2 2CO2 + 2H2O;

Award [1] for formulas and [1] for coefficients.

(b)

(CO2 produced) = 200 (cm );

(O2 remaining) = 100 (cm );

ECF from 2(a).

2
[4]

84.

(a)

Zn + I2 ZnI2;
Accept equilibrium sign.

(b)

(moles of) zinc

100.0 g
65.37 g mol

= 1.530;

100.0 g

253.8 g mol 1

= 0.3940;
(moles of) iodine
ECF throughout.
1 (SF) possible.

(reacting ratio is 1:1, therefore) zinc is in excess;

Must be consistent with calculation above.

(c)

100.0
(amount of zinc iodide = amount of iodine used = 253.8 moles)
100.0
(mass of zinc iodide = 253.8 (65.37 + 253.8) = 125.8 (g);

Use ECF throughout.

1 (SF) possible.
[5]

16

85.

(a)
(b)

to prevent (re)oxidation of the copper/OWTTE;

1.60
number of moles of oxygen = 16.00 = 0.10;
6.35
63
.55 = 0.10;
number of moles of copper =
empirical formula = Cu (0.10) : O (0.10) = CuO;
Allow ECF.
Award [1] for CuO with no working.
Alternate solution

6.35
7.95 = 79.8%
70.8
63.5 = 1.25

1.60
7.95 = 20.2%
20.2
16 = 1.29

(c)

H2 + CuO Cu + H2O;
Allow ECF.

(d)

(black copper oxide) solid turns red/brown;

condensation/water vapour (on sides of test tube);
Accept change colour.
Do not accept reduction of sample size.

[7]

86.

(a)

n(Cu2O) = 10.010 143.1 = 69.9 mol;

3

n(Cu2S) = 5.0010 159.16 = 31.4 mol;

Penalise failure to convert kg g once only.
Cu2S is the limiting reagent;
ECF from above answers.
(b)

n(Cu) = 6n(Cu2S) = 631.4 = 188 mol;

m(Cu) = 18863.55 = 11900 12000 g/11.9 12.0 kg;
If Cu2O given in (a), allow 3n(Cu2O) and 3n(Cu2O)63.55.

Allow ECF from (a).

[5]

17

87.

n(Fe2O3) = 3010 159.7/n(Fe2O3) = 188 mol;

3

n(C) = 5.010 12.01/n(C) = 416 mol;

Fe2O3 is the limiting reagent or implicit in calculation;
n(Fe) = 2n(Fe2O3) = 2188 = 376 mol;
m(Fe) = 37655.85 = 21 kg;
Accept 2 sig. fig. or 3 sig. fig., otherwise use 1(SF).
Correct final answers score [5].
Allow ECF.
[5]

88.

(a)

M(BaSO4) (= 137.34 + 32.06 + 4(16.00)) = 233.40 (g mol );

Accept 233.4 but not 233

n(BaSO4)

(b)

(c)

0.672 g

233.40 g mol 1

= 0.00288 / 2.8810 (mol);

ECF from M value
3

n (alkali metal sulfate) = 0.00288 / 2.8810 (mol);

ECF

0.502 g

n 0.00288 mol

174.31 / 174.3 / 174;

ECF
1

units: g mol ;

(d)

(174 (32 (4 16)

2
=39;
(2(Ar) + 32 + 4(16) = 174, thus) Ar = 39 / Ar =
Accept answer between 38.9 and 39.2
ECF
potassium/K;
ECF from Ar value
2

18

(e)

K2SO4(aq) + BaCl2(aq) BaSO4(s) + 2KCl(aq)

Award [1] for balanced equation and [1] for state symbols
ECF if another alkali metal arrived at in (d)
Accept net ionic equation
If no answer arrived at in (d), but correct equation given
involving any alkali metal, then award [1 max]

[9]

89.

(a)

(b)

(c)

0.600 mol Al(OH)3 (1.5)(0.600) mol H2SO4/0.900 mol H2SO4

needed, but only 0.600 mol used;
H2SO4 limiting reactant;
Some working must be shown in order to score the second
point.

0.200 mol Al2(SO4)3;

68.4(g);
Penalize incorrect units.

0.200 mol;

1
Use ECF from (a).

(d)

(e)

A Brnsted-Lowry acid is a proton/H donor;

A Lewis base is an electron-pair donor;
H2CO3 and carbonic acid/CH3COOH and ethanoic acid;
Accept any other weak acid and correct formula.

2
1
[8]

19