Design and Analysis of a Compact CPW-Fed Triple

Band Notched Printed Monopole Antenna for UWB

Application
1
Satyabrata Maiti,
2
Sangita Das, Amlan Datta
School Of Electronics Engineering
KIIT University
Bhubaneswar, India
1
satyabratamaiti12@gmail.com,
2
sangitadas716@gmail.com

Abstract This paper presents the design of a compact planar
monopole antenna with triple band notched characteristics. The
inverted U type slot in the patch results in rejection band
centered at 5.5 GHz. A hairpin slot in the feed line leads to good
suppression at 6.8 GHz and rejection band centered at 8.1 GHz is
obtained by etching out incomplete inverted C type slots. The
peak gain obtained is 4.3 dBi. The group delay shows a flat
response lying within 1ns except at the notch frequencies.
KeywordsUltra wide band, WLAN, Hairpin Slot, Half-
wavelength slot , Impedance bandwidth, CPW feed.
I. INTRODUCTION
The Ultra wideband technology has gained momentum in the
field of antenna research ever since the FCC has allocated a
wide band of 7.5 GHz for unlicensed use [1]. The most
challenging part of the UWB system is the design of the UWB
antenna. The printed monopole antenna has drawn much
attention over the years to UWB antenna designers for its
compact size, easy integration with monolithic integrated
circuits and simple fabrication.
There are some narrow bands that exist in the allocated wide
bandwidth of the UWB system and these bands are used for
other communication systems, such as WiMAX (3.3-3.7
GHz), WLAN (5.15-5.825 GHz), RFID (6.6-7.1 GHz), ITU
uplink satellite communication band (8.1-8.4 GHz). These
bands may lead to electromagnetic interference with the UWB
system that can be a potential threat to communication in
UWB systems. So, it is essential to design UWB antennas
with band-notched characteristics that can reduce the
interference with the other existing systems.
Over the last decade, researchers and antenna designers have
made tremendous effort to design UWB antennas with various
bands-notched characteristics that have been reported in open
literature. Several antennas are designed with one notched
band [2-7], two [8-12] or three [13-15] notched bands. Various
types of slots were etched from radiator or ground to obtain
such notched bands [16]. In most of the work, the
characteristics of the band notch were achieved when the
effective length of the closed slots was about half of the
guided wavelength calculated at the desired notch frequency.
In this paper, a compact CPW-fed UWB printed monopole
antenna of size 19 u26.8u0.762 mm
3
with triple notched
band centered at 5.5 GHz, 6.8 GHz and 8.1 GHz is proposed
and studied. The radiator patch and the ground planes are
designed and dimensions are parameterized to cover the entire
UWB band from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz. The notched bands are
achieved using an inverted U slot in the radiator patch, a
hairpin slot in the feed line and an inverted incomplete C in
the ground planes.
The paper is arranged such that section 2 describes the details
of the design and parametric study, which is followed by result
and discussion and conclusion in section 3 and section 4
respectively.
II. ANTENNA DESIGN AND PARAMETRIC STUDY
The simulations for the antenna study are carried out in the
CST Microwave studio software. The antenna is designed on
Taconic TLY-5 substrate for
r
H = 2.2 with thickness of 0.762
mm.















The antenna is fed by 50 : CPW feed line and a planar
radiating patch with an inverted U slot with a hairpin slot
etched from feed line also. The antenna is compatible to be
integrated with RF front ends because of its compact size. The
antenna also has a good impedance match over a wide
frequency range.
At first, the planar antenna was designed such that it covers the
entire UWB range. The effect of the various parameters of the
radiating patch is studied.


Fig.1.Geometry of the antenna (units in mm) (a) top view,
(b) side view
(a)

(b)
430 978-1-4799-3140-8/14/$31.00 c 2014 IEEE








Fig. (2). The gap between the patch and the ground plane, w
p
,
and the gap between the feed line and the ground plane, g, are
the two most important parameters which determine the UWB
characteristics of the antenna. By varying these two parameters
the antenna is made to cover the entire UWB range from 3.1
GHz to 10.6 GHz. It is observed that the bandwidth of the
antenna increases as the gap, g, and decreases. So the
optimized value of the gap, g, is fixed at 0.5 mm.
The various dimensions of the slots are shown in Fig. (3). since
closed slots are taken, we take the total effective length for
each slot equal to
2
g
O
[16]. Where
g
O is the guided
wavelength.












One inverted U shaped slot is cut from the radiating patch.
The effective horizontal and vertical length of the inverted U
slot is about half a guided wavelength long calculated at the
center frequency of the WLAN band, 5.5 GHz.
6 2 2 1 2 _ a a a U L (1)

eff
f
c
U L
H u u

2
(2)
A hairpin slot is also etched from the feed line and its effective
length is about half a guided wavelength long calculated at the
center frequency of the RFID, 6.8 GHz.
th d d H L 2 3 1 2 _ (3)

eff
f
c
H L
H u u

2
(4)
A symmetric closed slots from the two ground planes are also
etched out whose effective lengths are half a guided
wavelength long calculated at center frequency, 8.1 GHz, of
the downlink of X-band satellite communication systems.
2 2 1 _ ww ll l l S L (5)

eff
f
c
S L
H u u

2
(6)
At first, analysis was made with only the inverted U shaped
slot in the patch. It is observed that as the vertical length of the
slot is increased, the band shifts towards lower frequency. By
a series of parametric study the optimized value of the width
and the position of the inverted U type slot are determined and
a
1
is fixed at 6.4 mm. A good band rejection is obtained at 5.5
GHz by analyzing this slot. Fig. (4) Shows the effect of the
slot width on the simulated VSWR of the antenna.














Next, the effect on the dimensions of the hairpin is studied. As
the length of the hairpin, d1 is increasing the notched band
shifts toward the low frequency range and as the thickness,
th1, is decreased it is shifted to the high frequency side. Thus,
after the simulations the best dimensions are taken and fixed at
d1= 4.4 mm and th1= 0.15 mm.












For obtaining the rejection band centered at 8.1 GHz, pair of
symmetric incomplete inverted C shaped slots is cut and
simulation studies are carried out. Again, after a series of
simulation and parametric studies, it is observed that by
varying its length, c1, and thickness, c2, the exact band
rejection centered at 8.1 GHz can be obtained.






(a) (b) (c)
Fig.3.Gemometry of the Slot (a) U Slot (b) Hairpin Slot (c)
Incomplete inverted C shaped slots

(a) (b)
Fig .2.Simulated VSWR of the basic antenna different
values of (a) g (b) wp
Fig.4.Simulated VSWR for varying a1& a2
(a) (b)

(a) (b)
Fig.5.Simulated VSWR for varying d1& th1
2014 International Conference on Signal Propagation and Computer Technology (ICSPCT) 431













TABLE I.
PARAMETERS OF ANTENNA (UNIT: MM)
Antenna
Parameter
Lsub Wsub Lg wp g dg W W1
Value(mm)
26.8 19 10 0.2 0.5 0 1.5 18
Slot
parameters
a1 a2 d1 d3 th th1 c1 c2
Value(mm)
6.4 0.5 4.4 0.7 3.9 0.15 0.5 6.2
Slot
parameters
L3 L2 lll ww1 ww2 a6

Value(mm)
2.8 7 6.2 0.5 0.4 10

III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
This work is simulated in the CST microwave studio. The
overall size of the antenna is 19u 26.8 u0.762 mm
3
. The
radiator patch consists of an inverted U type slot to create a
notch at 5.5 GHz. A hairpin slot is etched from the feed line to
obtain the notch at 6.8 GHz. A pair of symmetric incomplete
inverted C shaped slot is cut from the ground to obtain a notch
centered at 8.1 GHz. The unique property of the antenna lies in
creating three band notches using three different closed slots in
the radiator patch, feed line and the ground planes respectively.
A wide impedance bandwidth is observed for this antenna
extending from 3 GHz to 12 GHz.













The current distribution is studied and is shown in Fig. (7).
Current density shows the formation of standing waves around
the slots at the respective band notches. At 5.5 GHz, current
density is maximum around the inverted U type slot etched
from the radiator patch. Again, it is observed that current is
concentrated around the hairpin slot at 6.8 GHz and at 8.1
GHz, current is maximum around the two inverted C shaped
slot in the ground planes. Thus, at this band a notched
frequency, current is concentrated around the closed slats
which restrict the flow of current towards the radiator patch.
This leads to impedance mismatch at the rejected frequencies
leading to less or no radiation at the notched frequencies. Fig.
(8) Shows simulated VSWR of the antenna with three notched
bands. It is observed that the antenna notches three intended
bands, while maintaining broadband performance withVSWR
less than 2, covering the entire UWB frequency band.














Fig. (9) Shows the simulated gain of the antenna. The gain
varies from 1.8 dBi to 4.3 dBi. The gain plot is almost flat
except at the notched frequencies where it falls abruptly since
radiation is not desired at those frequencies.















To study the time domain characteristics of the antenna, its
group delay is studied as shown in Fig. (10). The antenna is
non dispersive in nature as its group delay lies within 1 ns
except at the band notches where the delay is more as per
desire reaching up to 2ns.


(a) (b)
Fig.6. Simulated VSWR for varying c1& c2

(a) (b)


(c)
Fig.7 Surface current distribution (a) the first notched band, 5.5 GHz,
(b) the second notched band, 6.8 GHz, (c) the third notch band 8.1GHz.

Fig.8.Simulated VSWR of the antenna with three notch band


Fig.9 Gain plot of the antenna
432 2014 International Conference on Signal Propagation and Computer Technology (ICSPCT)















One of the challenges of the UWB antenna is to obtain Omni
directional radiation pattern. The simulated radiation pattern
shows fig. 11 omnidirectional radiation pattern in H-plane and
the dipole like pattern in E-plane. At higher frequencies, the
pattern is distorted due to the undulation in the pattern caused
by the propagation of higher order modes.
















IV CONCLUSION
This paper proposes and analyzes a triple band rejection
monopole ultra wideband antenna. By etching an inverted U
shaped slot from the patch, the antenna shows good
suppression at 5.5 GHz. Etching of hairpin slot from the feed
line results in creating a notch at 6.8 GHz RFID band. A pair
of incomplete inverted C shaped slots contributes to rejection
band at 8.1 GHz satellite communication band. The gain of the
antenna varies from 1.8 dBi to 4.3 dBi with dips obtained at
rejection frequencies. The group delay profile shows a flat
response within 1 ns except at the rejection bands. This
confirms distortion less transmission of the antenna. The size
of the antenna is compact and it shows omnidirectional
characteristics, thus meeting the challenges of the UWB
antenna.
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Fig.10. Simulated Group delay




Fig.11. Simulated radiation pattern in E-planes & H-planes at (a) 4GHz
(b) 8GHz(c) 12GHz
(a)
(b)
(c)
2014 International Conference on Signal Propagation and Computer Technology (ICSPCT) 433