Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Company Confidential
2008 Nokia O2 UK RANKPI RRM overview Features 1
Company Confidential
2008 Nokia
Radio Resource Management
NSN Nokia
O2 UK RANKPI RRM overview Features
2
Company Confidential
2008 Nokia O2 UK RANKPI RRM overview Features
Radio Resource Management
Rel99 content
Parameter Split (InitialAndMinAllowedBitrateUL/DL)
Dynamic Link Optimisation
Overload Control (RAS05)
Throughput based optimisation of Packet Scheduler algorithm
Flexible Upgrade for NRT services
Load and Service based handovers
Power balancing
Radio Access Bearer Combinations
3
Company Confidential
2008 Nokia O2 UK RANKPI RRM overview Features
Nokia WCDMA Rel99 Packet Scheduler
Nokia Packet Scheduler
2 entities defined: UE specific and Cell specific Packet Scheduler
HC
UE
specific
PS
PS cell #1
PS cell #2
PS cell #n
L3 Signalling
Services
RRC
NBAP
UL Capacity request
Active set info
Cells in the
active set
TFCS and DLSC
negotiation
L2
MAC
DL Capacity request
(UL TFCS, DL TFCS)
(UL TFCS, DL TFCS, DLSC)
UE specific part: Traffic Volume measurement management, Retry incase of congestion,
UE radio access capabilities, throughput measurements
Cell specific part: Cell load information, CR queuing, Channel type selection, Bit rate
allocation, Priority based scheduling, PS interuptiontimer
Common: DyLOand RT-over NRT pre-emption
4
Company Confidential
2008 Nokia O2 UK RANKPI RRM overview Features
Nokia Packet Scheduler
Nokia Packet Scheduler consists of many features:
Dynamic Link Optimisation
Tunable Inactivity Timers
Radio interface overload triggerd downgrade
Enhanced Priority based Scheduling
Packet Scheduler retry with lower bitrate in congestion
Packet Scheduler Interuption Timers
RT-over NRT pre-emption (AC)
Throughput based optimisation of Packet Scheduler algorithms
RAN1.5
RAN1.5
RAN1.5
RAS05
RAN04
RAS05
RAS05.1
Flexible Upgrade for non real time (NRT) services
RAS05.1
RAN1.5
Enhanced Overload Control
(RAS05)
5
Company Confidential
2008 Nokia O2 UK RANKPI RRM overview Features
6
Company Confidential
2008 Nokia O2 UK RANKPI RRM overview Features
Existing Parameter split
InitialAndMinAllowedBitRateDL
InitialAndMinAllowedBitRateUL
Existing Parameter split
WCEL: InitialAndMinAllowedBitRateDL(UL)
WCEL: InitialBitRateDL(UL) WCEL: MinAllowedBitRateDL(UL)
old
new
Range : 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 384 kbps
Default: 64 kbps
Range : 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 384 kbps
Default: 8 kbps
7
Company Confidential
2008 Nokia O2 UK RANKPI RRM overview Features
Scheduled Bitrate DL [kbps]
128
64
32
0
InitialBitRate (64)
MinAllowedBitRate (32)
No scheduling allowed
Example:
t
8
Company Confidential
2008 Nokia O2 UK RANKPI RRM overview Features
Uplink Link Adaptation
Uplink link adaptation supported since RAN1.5
UL TFC selection is standard UE operation as in 3GPP TS 25.133. No support from
RAN required.
TFC selection enables fast link adaptation with 20 ms period.
If the mobile reaches its maximum power, it selects the appropriate transport
format to adjust the data rate automatically.
As soon as the link conditions improve, the data rate increases back up to the
maximum.
DPCCH DPCCH DPCCH DPCCH
384
kbps
DPCCH DPCCH DPCCH DPCCH
384
kbps
128 128
64 64
384
kbps
384
kbps
UE hits max power
data rate
reduced
Conditions improve
data rate increased
back to 384 kbps
20 ms 20 ms 20 ms 20 ms
DPCCH = dedicated physical control channel
9
Company Confidential
2008 Nokia O2 UK RANKPI RRM overview Features
10
Company Confidential
2008 Nokia O2 UK RANKPI RRM overview Features
Dynamic Link Optimisation
Dynamic Link Optimisation for NRT services
Non real-time service will be downgraded in case the downlink
radio link power reported from WBTS exceeds maximum allowed power
11
Company Confidential
2008 Nokia O2 UK RANKPI RRM overview Features
RNC: DLOptimisationUsage
128 kbps coverage
384 kbps coverage
Range : 0 Feature is not activated
1 Feature activated SF step 1
2 Feature activated SF step 2
Default: 1
RRC: RadioBearerReconfigurationapplied
DLO = Dynamic Link Optimisation
Dynamic Link Optimisation for NRT services
time
12
Company Confidential
2008 Nokia O2 UK RANKPI RRM overview Features
Ptx
RL
Ptx
ave
Triggering of DyLO
Ptx
max
NBAP: RadioLink MeasurementReport
NBAP: DedicatedMeasurementReport
Sliding Window
WBTS: DLORLAveragingWindow
Range : 1 .. 10 Step1
Default: 0
Sliding Window
Sliding Window
Averaging RL Measurement data from WBTS
Dynamic Link Optimisation for NRT services
Guard Timer after DLO was triggered
Ptx
RL
Ptx
ave
Triggering of DyLO
Ptx
max
Offset
RNC: DLOptimisationPwrOffset
Range : 0 .. 6 dB, Step0.1 dB
Default: 2 dB
RNC: DLOptimisationProhibitTime
Range : 0 .. 120 sec, Step1 sec
Default: 2 sec
no Triggering of DyLO
Triggering of DyLO
Guard Timer
time
13
Company Confidential
2008 Nokia O2 UK RANKPI RRM overview Features
NBAP: RadioLink MeasurementReport
NBAP: DedicatedMeasurementReport
Dynamic Link Optimisation for NRT services
14
Company Confidential
2008 Nokia O2 UK RANKPI RRM overview Features
time
Ptx
RL
Ptx
ave
Triggering of DyLO
Ptx
max
Offset
NBAP: RadioLink MeasurementReport
no Triggering of DyLO
Triggering of DyLO
NBAP: DedicatedMeasurementReport
Guard Timer
Guard Timer after flexible upgrade was triggered
Flexible Upgrade
Example DyLOscheme 1: PtxDLabsMax 50 dBm, PtxTotalMax 43dBm
WCEL: PtxDLabsMax = 50 dBm
15
Company Confidential
2008 Nokia O2 UK RANKPI RRM overview Features
D
L
p
w
r
(
d
B
m
)
PtxTotalMax 43dBm
PtxPrimaryCPICH33dBm
PtxPrimaryCPICH CPICHtoRefRABoffset = 31 dBm
Calculated max RL pwr
Calculated max RL pwr
This is where DyLOtriggers. (If PtxDLabsMax is set high)
max , tx
P
Ptx, threshold
RNC: DLOptimisationPwrOffset
ref tx
P
,
Example DyLOscheme 2: PtxDLabsMax 38 dBm, PtxTotalMax 43dBm
16
Company Confidential
2008 Nokia O2 UK RANKPI RRM overview Features
D
L
p
w
r
(
d
B
m
)
PtxTotalMax 43dBm
PtxPrimaryCPICH33dBm
WCEL: PtxDLabsMax = 38 dBm
Calculated max RL pwr
PtxDLabsMax = 36 dBm
PtxPrimaryCPICH CPICHtoRefRABoffset = 31
dBm
max , tx
P
ref tx
P
,
Ptx, threshold
RNC: DLOptimisationPwrOffset
PtxDLabsMax is reduced from 50dBm to 38dBm
This is where DyLOnow triggers.
17
Company Confidential
2008 Nokia O2 UK RANKPI RRM overview Features
Overload Control
18
Company Confidential
2008 Nokia O2 UK RANKPI RRM overview Features
IuB
Air Interface
WBTS HW Resources
IuB/AAL2
UL interference
DL transmisson power
WSP capacity (N*) E1 capacity / AAL2
Radio Resources
WBTS HW resources
IuB resources
Capacity Areas in UTRAN
Maximum capacity is available at a time, if all capacity areas
are re-configuredaccordingreal bandwidth requirements
RLC/MAC
Overload Control in Nokia RRM
Different procedures to cope with WCDMA cell overload:
Uplink:
Transport Format Combination Control (TFCC) by RRC Procedures
When the packet scheduler has detected an overload situation in the uplink, it
schedules a subset of the original transport format combinationset (TFCS)
requests the RRC signalling entity of RNC to initiate the transport format combination control (TFCC) procedure.
the RRC signalling entity sends an RRC: TRANSPORT FORMAT COMBINATION CONTROL message to the UE .
Downlink:
Transport Format Combination(TFCC) Subset Method
Enhanced Overload Control by Radio Link Reconfigurations
19
Company Confidential
2008 Nokia O2 UK RANKPI RRM overview Features
When the packet scheduler has detected an overload situation in downlink it:
selects Enhanced overload control if it is activated
or
selects TFC Subset method and
schedules a subset of the original transport format combinationset
reconfigures the L2 by sending the transport format combinationsubset to the UE-specific MAC-d
entity of the RNC
UTRAN Overload Control
20
Company Confidential
2008 Nokia O2 UK RANKPI RRM overview Features
If load in WCDMA cell is too high, Overload Control can start
downgrading allocated DCH bitrates of UEs
Lower end of downgrade path is InitialAndMinAllowedBitrateUL and
InitialAndMinAllowedBitrateDL bitrate, since PS can not schedule
bitrates below
Once MinAllowedBitrate is allocated but still not enough air interface
capacity available, DCH will be switched to CCH
If UE is performing Compressed Mode, CM will be stopped
Selection of Radio Bearers to be downgraded depends on RNC level
parameter
CrHandlingPolicyUL and CrHandlingPolicyDL :
- see next 2 slides -
UTRAN Overload Control
Selection procedure for Radio Bearers to be downgraded
CrHandlingPolicyUL/DL = 1 ARRIVAL TIME ONLY:
1.) Target Radio Bearers are selected in order of longest allocation time
if more than one bearers with same allocation time identified, select the one with highest
allocated DCH bitrate
2.) Interactive or Background class bearers are switched from DCH to CCH
CrHandlingPolicyUL/DL = 2 ARRIVAL TIME AND BEARER CLASS:
1.) Background Bearers are decreased in order of longest allocation time
if more than one bearers with same allocation time identified, select the one with highest
allocated DCH bitrate
2.) Interactive Bearers are decreased in order of longest allocation time
if more than one bearers with same allocation time identified, select the one with highest
allocated DCH bitrate
3.) Background Bearers are switched from DCH to CCH in order of longest allocation
time
4.) Interactive Bearers are switched from DCH to CCH in order of longest allocation time
21
Company Confidential
2008 Nokia O2 UK RANKPI RRM overview Features
UTRAN Overload Control
Selection procedure for Radio Bearers to be downgraded
CrHandlingPolicyUL/DL = 3 ARRIVAL TIME, BEARER CLASS AND THP:
1.) Background Bearers are decreased in order of longest allocation time
if more than one bearers with same allocation time identified, select the one with
highest allocated DCH bitrate
2.) Interactive Bearers are decreased in order of highest THP value set and
longest allocation time
if more than one bearers with same allocation time identified, select the one with
highest allocated DCH bitrate
3.) Background Bearers are switched from DCH to CCH in order of longest
allocation time
4.) Interactive Bearers are switched from DCH to CCH in order of highest THP
value and longest allocation time
22
Company Confidential
2008 Nokia O2 UK RANKPI RRM overview Features
23
Company Confidential
2008 Nokia O2 UK RANKPI RRM overview Features
UTRAN Overload Control
- procedure -
Move to next
lower bit rate
NO
PrxTotalNew >
PrxTarget
&&
PrxTotalChange <
DeltaPrxMaxDown
Estimate PrxTotalNew and
PrxNrtNew
Longest allocation time and
highest bit rate radio bearer
Lower allowed
bit rates
YES
Switch radio
bearer to CCH
or release DCH
NO
More bearers
NO
YES
YES
Decrease loading
end
Cell overload detected
Overload control tries to bring cell load down below PrxTarget
Bearer selection process
Check against MinAllowed Bitrate
..but can also survive in marginal load state if no more bearer
available for downgrade
UTRAN Overload Control
-example: UL, MinAllowedBitrate=128
Cell in overload state
384
384
256
384
256
256
256
256
256
PrxTarget + PrxOffset
PrxTarget
Cell in marginal load state
Cell in normal load state
1.step 2.step; final allocation Overload detected
there are more bearers allocated
in our cell to reduce bitrates
job done
cell load is below PrxTarget
24
Company Confidential
2008 Nokia O2 UK RANKPI RRM overview Features
UTRAN procedures and signaling for overload control
Transport Format Combination Control Procedure in DL & UL
TFC parameters (layer 2) generated by AC during call setup
Specific Bitrate combination forbidden during overload situation
Fast reaction on load changes
No signaling overhead since no Layer 3 messages exchanged (layer 2 in-band-signalling)
Re-allocation of previous bitrate after overload situation
25
Company Confidential
2008 Nokia O2 UK RANKPI RRM overview Features
TFCC means Transport Format CombinationControl Procedure,
no DCH Downgrade but suspendof higher transport formats.
(DTXoperation)
Overload Control Methods TFCC method in Uplink
BTS RNC-L2 RNC-NBAP RNC-RRC RNC-RRM
BTS provides
periodical cell load
information to RRM
packet scheduling
PS indicates UE about
the modified capacity
and selected UL TFC
subset
NBAP: RADIO RESOURCE INDICATION
UE
Iub Uu
RLC-PDU transportation on DCH
RR_ind
Capacity_modify
RLC-PDU transportation on modified DCH
UE in CELL_DCH state
[DCH] RRC: TRANSPORT FORMAT COMBINATION CONTROL
RRM detects overload
situation in uplink
26
Company Confidential
2008 Nokia O2 UK RANKPI RRM overview Features
UE is informed about maximum allowed Bitrate combination
Overload Control Methods TFCC method in DL
BTS RNC-L2 RNC-NBAP RNC-RRC RNC-RRM
BTS provides
periodical cell load
information to RRM
packet scheduling
PS indicates L2 about
the modified capacity
and selected DL TFC
subset
NBAP: RADIO RESOURCE INDICATION
UE
Iub Uu
RLC-PDU transportation on DCH
RR_ind
RLC-PDU transportation on modified DCH
UE in CELL_DCH state
RRM detects overload
situation in downlink
L2 reconfiguration
27
Company Confidential
2008 Nokia O2 UK RANKPI RRM overview Features
28
Company Confidential
2008 Nokia O2 UK RANKPI RRM overview Features
IuB
Air Interface
WBTS HW Resources
IuB/AAL2
UL interference
DL transmisson power
WSP capacity (N*) E1 capacity / AAL2
Radio Resources
WBTS HW resources
IuB resources
Capacity Areas in UTRAN
What capacity areas are reconfiguredwithTFCC ?
RLC/MAC
29
Company Confidential
2008 Nokia O2 UK RANKPI RRM overview Features
Enhanced Overload Control
UTRAN Enhanced Overload Control
30
Company Confidential
2008 Nokia O2 UK RANKPI RRM overview Features
Overload Control andEnhanced Overload Control can be active in parallel
Interaction between configuration parameters
LoadControlPeriodPS andOverLoaddlnrtGrantedMinAllocT
Selection of radio bearers to be downgraded is similar to overload control
CrHandlingPriorityDL
Enhanced Overload Control (1/3)
In Enhanced overload control method when the packet scheduler has detected the
overload situation in downlink it:
modifies DCH bit rate and spreading factor
reconfigures the L2 by sending the new transport format combination set to the UE
specific MAC-d entity of RNC
RRC entity initiates Radio Bearer Reconfiguration procedure
Note:
If Enhanced Overload Control was triggered and (DL) bitrate was downgraded,
it is not automatically returned to previous bitrate once overload situation is over
New capacity request is needed
31
Company Confidential
2008 Nokia O2 UK RANKPI RRM overview Features
Enhanced Overload Control (2/3)
32
Company Confidential
2008 Nokia O2 UK RANKPI RRM overview Features
WCEL: OCdlNrtDCHgrantedMinAllocT defines whether it is possible to apply
Enhanced overload control
If the DCH has been allocated longer than OCdlNrtDCHgrantedMinAllocT For that
radio bearer the Enhanced overload control methodis available
If the modified DCH allocation time is lower than OCdlNrtDCHgrantedMinAllocT
TFC subset methodis used
Note: this is no transition to Cell_FACH!
(Inactivity Timer value >> Scheduling Period or RRI default value)
Enhanced Overload Control (3/3)
OCdlNrtDCHgrantedMinAllocT
Range and Step: [0..60 sec], default : 60 sec ** recommended value : 10 sec ****
note: if value is 60 sec, enhanced overload control is NOT ACTIVE
This parameter defines the threshold for an NRT DCH allocation time in an enhanced overload control for DL NRT traffic.
If the NRT DCH allocation time is longer than the parameter defines, the DCH bit rate can be decreased and the SF can be increased,
or the DCH can be released to get the CELL load to an acceptable level from the overload situation.
When overload is detected and dedicated channel is modified using TFC subset or
Enhanced overload control method, it takes some time before the decrease in load
(PrxTotal and PtxTotal) as can be seen in RNC from the NBAP: RADIO RESOURCE
INDICATION messages.
This delay may be longer than scheduling period and therefore it is necessary
to wait that load control actions have effected, in order to prevent new
unnecessary load control actions in the next scheduling period
The parameter LoadControlPeriodPS determines the period how often PS can
perform load control actions
33
Company Confidential
2008 Nokia O2 UK RANKPI RRM overview Features
34
Company Confidential
2008 Nokia O2 UK RANKPI RRM overview Features
t
AAL2 CAC
Cell overload detected
NBAP: Radio Link Reconfiguration Prepare
NBAP: Radio Link Reconfiguration Ready
NBAP: Radio Link Reconfiguration Commit
AAL2 resource change req
AAL2 resource change resp
RRC: Radio Bearer Reconfiguration
RRC: Radio Bearer Reconfiguration Complete
Start
Ongoing PS call Ongoing PS call
DCH downgrade
UTRAN procedures and signaling for overload control
Radio Link - & Radio Bearer re-configuration procedures in DL
Ongoing PS call
Radio Bearer selection
procedure in Packet Scheduler
OCdlNrtDCHgrantedMinAllocT
DCHs untouched
.. waitingfor updated load
measurements
CAC = ConnectionAdmissionControl
35
Company Confidential
2008 Nokia O2 UK RANKPI RRM overview Features
IuB
Air Interface
WBTS HW Resources
IuB/AAL2
UL interference
DL transmisson power
WSP capacity (N*) E1 capacity / AAL2
Radio Resources
WBTS HW resources
IuB resources
Capacity Areas in UTRAN
What capacity areas are reconfiguredwith
Radio Link Reconfigurations ?
RLC/MAC