CHAPTER 1 LEGAL MEDICINE

Legal Medicine
- Is that branch of medicine that alies! medical
and s"rgical concets! scientific #no$ledge and
s#ills to medico legal iss"es! in order to assist the
trier of facts in the roer disensation of %"stice&
Medical '"risr"dence
- is the st"d( of the Medical La$ and its alicable
'"risr"dence that go)erns! reg"lates and
defines the ractice of medicine&
In the Philiines! Legal Medicine is the aroriate
name for *orensic Medicine&
Modern Legal medicine has a broad range of
alications! it is "sed in ci)il cases s"ch as aternit(
and filiation! ann"lment of marriage! DNA testing ! etc&
In all cases the medical e+aminer m"st cond"ct an
in)estigation of the crime scene and also an a"tos(&
TECHNI,-E. /* LEGAL MEDICINE0
- Legal Medicine "ses sohisticated laborator(
techni1"es to detect the resence of s"bstances
in the )ictim! in the s"sected criminal! or at the
crime scene&
- *orensic e+amination of s"bstances fo"nd at a
crime scene can often establish the resence of
the s"sect at the crime scene&
LEGAL MEDICINE AND THE LEGAL .2.TEM
- Co"rts ro"tinel( call "on h(sicians to gi)e
e+ert testimon( in a trial! eseciall( concerning
the findings of an a"tos( and the res"lts of
laborator( tests&
- As an e+ert $itness he is allo$ed to e+ress an
oinion abo"t the )alidit( of the e)idence in a
case and ma( 1"ote the statements of other
e+erts in s"ort of an oinion&
- /rdinar( testimon( is restricted to statements
concerning $hat the $itness act"all( sa$ or
heard&
- The e)idence to be resented b( the legal
medicine e+ert m"st signif( a relation bet$een
the facts called the 3 *act"m Proband"m4 or
roosition to be established and the 3 fact"m
Probans4 $hich is the material e)idencing the
roosition&
- The Ph(sician m"st resent RELE5ANT!
MATERIAL AND C/MPETENT E5IDENCE&
HI.T/R2 /* LEGAL MEDICINE0
- Pa"l"s 6acchias 7 189: ; 1<8= > is the ? *ather of
*orensic Medicine4& He $as the first to describe
the imortance and alication of medicine to the
roer administration of %"stice&
- In the Phil& ! the father of Legal Medicine can be
rightf"ll( besto$ed to Dr& Pedro P& .olis& His boo#
on Legal Medicine co(righted in 1=9@! contains
the most e+tensi)e treatise and teachings in
Philiine Legal Medicine&
APPLICATI/N /* LEGAL MEDICINE T/ LAA0
Legal Medicine is Alied to La$
1& Ci)il la$
B the determination and termination of ci)il
ersonalit(
B the limitation or restriction of a nat"ral
ersonCs caacit( to act
B marriage and legal searation
B aternit( and filiation
B testamentar( caacit( of a erson ma#ing
a $ill
B the right to hereditar( s"ccession
D& Criminal La$
- *elonies and circ"mstances $hich affect criminal
liabilit(
- Ci)il liabilit( e+ delict"
- Crimes relati)e to oi"m and rohibited dr"gs
- Crimes against ersons
- Crimes against chastit(
- Crimes against ci)il stat"s of ersons
- ,"asi ; offenses
E& Remedial La$
- Ph(sical and Mental E+amination of a erson
- HositaliFation of insane ersons
- R"les of E)idence
:& .ecial La$s
B Dangero"s Dr"g Act
B 2o"th and Child Aelfare Code
B .anitation Code
B Ins"rance la$
B Labor Code
B Emlo(ees Comensation La$
8& C/RP-. DELICTI
B Is the bod( or s"bstance of the crime and
is defined as the fact that a crime act"all( has been
committed& In all criminal rosec"tions! the b"rden is
on the rosec"tion to ro)e the cor"s delicti&
,-ANT-M /* PR//*
1& In Ci)il Cases ; the 1"ant"m of roof necessar( to
ro)e a ci)il comlaint is a PREP/NDERANCE /*
E5IDENCE& The art( filing or bringing a ci)il
comlaint has the b"rden of roof and m"st establish
the tr"th and righteo"sness of his allegations b( a
reonderance of the e)idence admitted b( a
cometent co"rt&
D& In Criminal Cases
; the 1"ant"m is roof be(ond reasonable do"bt&
- In a criminal case the acc"sed is entitled to an
ac1"ittal! "nless his g"ilt is sho$n be(ond
reasonable do"bt
- Pres"mtion of INN/CENCE is a concl"sion
dra$n b( the constit"tion and the la$ in fa)or of
the acc"sed ! $hile REA./NAGLE D/-GT! is a
condition of mind rod"ced b( roof res"lting
from e)idence in the case&
E& To establish matters of defense
B The doctrine of reasonable do"bt alies
onl( to incriminati)e facts&
:& To establish self defense
B /ne $ho sets " .EL* DE*EN.E 3 m"st
rel( on the strength of his o$n e)idence and not on
the $ea#ness of that of the rosec"tion4&
8& To establish Alibi
B It m"st be ro)ed b( ositi)e! dear and
satisfactor( e)idence& 3 /ral E)idence4 of alibi is so
easil( man"fact"red and "s"all( "nreliable that it can
rarel( be gi)en credence&
<& In Administrati)e Comlaints
1
B In cases filed before administrati)e or
1"asi %"dicial bodies! a fact ma(be deemed
established if it s"orted b( 3 s"bstantial e)idence4
$hich means that amo"nt of rele)ant e)idence $hich
a reasonable mind might accet as ade1"ate to %"stif(
a concl"sion&
CHAPTER D MEDICAL AND H/.PITAL
'-RI.PR-DENCE
Medical '"risr"dence0
- Is the st"d( of the Medical La$ and its alicable
'"risr"dence! that go)erns! reg"lates! and
defines the ractice of medicine&
- It incl"des the rights! d"ties! obligations and
liabilities of both h(sician and atient to each
other in a h(sician atient rofessional contract&
The *ollo$ing Acts Constit"te the Practice of
Medicine0
1& To h(sicall( e+amine and diagnose a atient&
D& To h(sicall( e+amine and treat a atient
E& To h(sicall( e+amine and erform s"rger( in a
atient
:& To h(sicall( e+amine and rescribe an( remed( to
a atient&
An( erson $ho ractice an( of the abo)e acts
en"merated! $itho"t an( )alid certificate of
registration as a h(sician! is racticing illegal
medicine&
The Nat"re of the Ph(sician Patient Professional
Relationshi is
1& Consens"al0
B based on m"t"al consent of both atient and
h(sician&
B Contracts that are consens"al in nat"re! are
erfected "on mere meetings of the minds
D& *id"ciar(0
B fo"nded in tr"st! faith! and confidence reosed b(
one erson in the integrit( and fidelit( of another&
D-TIE. AND /GLIGATI/N. /* THE PH2.ICIAN
T/AARD. HI. PATIENT.0
1& He m"st ossess that #no$ledge and s#ill ossessed b(
an a)erage h(sician&
D& He m"st "se s"ch #no$ledge and s#ill $ith ordinar( care
and d"e diligence&
E& He is obliged to e+ercise his best %"dgment
in good faith&
:& He has the d"t( to #ee the secrets and confidentialities
of his atients&
The Terms and Conditions not incl"ded in the
Ph(sician Patient Professional Relationshi Contract 7
refer to boo# >
The onl( romise or g"arant( that the la$ re1"ires is
that! the h(sician $ill treat the atient in accordance
$ith the standards of medical care&

PATIENT. RIGHT. RE.PECTED G2 PH2.ICIAN.0
1& The right to aroriate medical care and h"mane
treatment&
D& The right to his religio"s belief&
E& The right to ref"se treatment&
:& The right to Informed Consent&
8& The right to choose his h(sician&
<& The right to medical records&
@& The right to ri)ac( and confidentialit(&
9& The right to a second or third oinion&
=& The right to lea)e&
1H& The right to information&
11& The right to self determination&
1D& The right to ref"se articiation in medical research
1E& The right to e+ress grie)ance
1:& The right to be informed of his rights and obligations&

/bligations of the Patients to their Ph(sicians 7 Refer
to Goo# >
./CIATAL RIGHT. /* THE PATIENT. *R/M THE
G/5ERNEMNT 7 Refer to Goo# >
RIGHT. INHERENT IN THE PRACTICE /* MEDICINE0
1& The right to choose his atients
D& The right to limit the ractice of his rofession
E& The right to determine aroriate treatment roced"res
in the discretion and %"dgment of the h(sician&
:& The right to a)ail of hosital ri)ileges after being
1"alified&
8& The right to recei)e %"st and fair comensation from his
atients&
Liabilities of a Ph(sician Ahich Ma( Arise from His
Negligent or Arongf"l Acts or /missions0
1& Administrati)e Liabilit(
B A comlaint "nder oath can be filed before the
Professional Reg"lation Commission Goard of Medicine!
for rerimand! of the license to ractice medicine&
D& Criminal Liabilit(
B Ahen an act or omission constit"tes a crime! the
h(sician can be imrisoned or fined or both! as an( other
rofession&
E& Ci)il Liabilit(
B The aggrie)ed art( can be a$arded monetar(
damages for an( $rongf"l or negligent act or omission!
$hen the rofessional is fo"nd g"ilt(&
CA.E. 7 Refer to Goo# >
E+& Negligent or Arongf"l Act
Medical malractice is a artic"lar form of negligence
$hich consists in the fail"re of a h(sician or s"rgeon
to al( to his ractice of medicine that degree of care
and s#ill $hich is ordinaril( emlo(ed b( the
rofession generall(! "nder similar conditions! and in
li#e s"rro"nding circ"mstances
There are *o"r Elements in)ol)ed in medical
negligent cases0
1& D"t(
D& Greach
E& In%"r(
:& Pro+imate Ca"sation ; It has been recogniFed that
e+ert testimon( is "s"all( necessar( to s"ort the
concl"sion as to ca"sation&

E+& Ahether A Hosital ma( be Held Liable for the
Negligence of Ph(sicians ; Cons"ltants allo$ed to
Practice in its Premises&
CHAPTER E DEATH
Legal Pres"mtion of Death0
- If absent $itho"t e+lanation from his or her
"s"al or last lace of residence for a long
contin"o"s eriod&
- Circ"mstantial roof of death
2
E+& a assenger on an airlane that crashed is
considered to ha)e died e)en if no remains can
be reco)ered&
R"les of E)idence in R"le 1E1! section 8 aragrah I!
aragrah ''! and aragrah JJ&
In common la$ the res"mtion of death does not
arise "ntil the e+iration of se)en (ears of contin"o"s
absence&
DEATH ; I. THE C/MPLETE CE..ATI/N /* ALL THE 5ITAL
*-NCTI/N. /* THE G/D2 AITH/-T P/..IGILIT2 /*
RE.-.CITATI/N& THE A.CERTAINMENT /* DEATH I. A
MEDICAL AND N/T A LEGAL PR/GLEM&
Death ma(be
A& Grain Death ; occ"rs $hen there is a deel( irre)ersible
coma! and absence of electrical brain acti)it(&
G& Cardio Resirator( Death ; occ"rs $hen there is contin"o"s
and ersistent cessation of heart action and resiration&
: Jinds of Death0
1& Clinical or .omatic Death
D& Grain Death
E& Giological Death
:& Cell"lar Death
Clinical or .omatic Death
- This artic"lar #ind of death occ"rs $hen in the
%"dgment of the h(sician $ith the "se of his
clinical e(e the bod(Cs )ital signs of life cease to
e+ist contin"o"sl( and ermanentl(&
- The clinical death is )erifiable onl( b( a h(sician
after he obser)es that the atient no longer has a
heart beat no "lse rate! no sontaneo"s
breathing and mo)ement! $ith the "ils of the
e(e $idel( dilated and not reacti)e to light and
accommodation&
- Ahen a clinicall( dead erson is bro"ght to the
morg"e the generaliFed contraction of the
m"scles or Rigor Mortis of the bod( $ithin E to <
ho"rs! ma( sim"late a ret"rn to life! beca"se of
the motion or mo)ement of the bod(&
GRAIN DEATH
- This #ind of death follo$s clinical death ; almost
immediatel( "nless res"scitati)e roced"res are
started romtl(! beca"se the h"man brain "nder
normal conditions cannot s"r)i)e loss of o+(gen
for more than < to 1H min"tes&
- Grain Death ma( occ"r in the
.tage 1 ; Cerebral Corte+B the highest center of
the brain that is most sensiti)e to changes in the
s"l( of o+(gen and blood to the brain& Ahen
the cerebral corte+ dies! the atient is in cortical
death&
.tage D B Cerebell"m ; It deals $ith the f"nction
of e1"ilibri"m& It follo$s the death of the cerebral
corte+&
.tage E ; Grainstem and 5ital centers ; These
centers controlling resiration! heart rate and
blood ress"re! "ltimatel( die& Ahen it does! the
atient is! Grain .tem Dead&
- If the brain stem is damaged! then the )ital
centers in the med"lla ma(be destro(ed! ca"sing
the resirator( center to fail&
- The occ"rrence of brain stem death is e1"i)alent
to Legal Death! so that Doctors can no$ iss"e a
Death Certificate! e)en tho"gh the heart is still
beating! and ma#e arrangements to har)est
donor organs and tiss"es at this stage&
- *"rther! in the resence of brain stem death!
artificial resirators onl( achie)e the maintenance
of an o+(genated circ"lation thro"gh a corse or
cada)er&
CRITERIA */R DIAGN/.ING GRAIN .TEM DEATH&
7 refer to te+tboo# >
Persistent 5egetati)e .tate 7 P5. >
- This condition e+ists! $hen irre)ersible
destr"ction of the Corte+ of the brain occ"rs
$itho"t damage to the )ital centers! and there
are ermanent e(es ; oen state of
"nconscio"sness! b"t cardio resirator( f"nctions
contin"e! sometimes $itho"t resirator(
assistance! b"t most often $ith resirator(
s"ort&
- The( do not ho$e)er match the clinical criteria of
Grain Death! in as m"ch as the( ha)e elicitable
refle+es! sontaneo"s resirations and reactions
to e+ternal stim"li&
HAR5ARD CRITERIA /* AH/LE GRAIN DEATH0
1& -nreceti)it( and -nresonsiti)it(
D& No sontaneo"s mo)ements or breathing
E& No refle+es
:& *lat EEG of Confirmator( )al"e
AH/LE GRAIN DEAD
- Ahen the brain ceased all f"nctions! e)en tho"gh
the heart contin"es to beat& As a r"le doctors can
legall( declare $hole brain death t$el)e ho"rs
after the( ha)e corrected all treatable medical
roblems! b"t the brain still doesnCt resond e)en
to ind"ced ain ! the( e(es do not react to light
and the erson doesnCt breath $itho"t a
resirator&
GI/L/GICAL DEATH
- All the comonents of the brain are dead
- There is also ermanent e+tinction of bodil( life&
- It is cardioresirator( and brain death altogether
$ith ermanent cessation of all the anatomic and
h(siological f"nctions of the bod( organs&
CELL-LAR DEATH0
- The death of the different arts of the bod(
occ"rs at different times and stages&
- This is the reason $h( s"ch organs as the
corneas and the #idne(s can be remo)ed
immediatel( after biological death and
translanted s"ccessf"ll(&
.IGN. /* DEATH0
1& Cessation of heart action and circ"lation
D& Cessation of resiration
E& Cooling of the bod( 7 Algor Mortis >
B The temerat"re of 18 ; DH degrees
*ahrenheit is considered as a certain sign of death&
:& Loss of motor o$er
8& Loss of sensor( o$er
<& Changes in the s#in
@& Changes in and abo"t the e(e
B There is loss of corneal refle+
CHANGE. IN THE G/D2 */LL/AING DEATH
1& Changes in the M"scle
a& .tage of rimar( flaccidit(
b& Cada)eric rigidit( or rigor mortis
3
B m"sc"lar contraction $hich
de)elos E ; < ho"rs after death
and ma( last for D: ; E< ho"rs&
B ma( also be "tiliFed to
aro+imate the length of time the
bod( has been dead from E to E<
ho"rs
c& .tage of secondar( flaccidit( or
commencement of "trefaction
Cada)eric .asmB is the immediate or instantaneo"s sasm or
rigidit( of the s#eletal m"scles occ"rring at the moment of death
d"e to e+ha"stion! etc&
Medico legal Imortance of Cada)eric .asm
7 Refer to Goo# >
D& Changes in the Glood
a& Coag"lation of the blood
b& Postmortem li)idit( or Li)or Mortis
E& A"tol(tic or A"to Digesti)e Changes After Death
:& P"trefaction of the God(
P-TRE*ACTI5E CHANGE. /CC-RING A*TER DEATH
7 Refer to Goo# >
Jinds of P"trefaction0
1& M"mmification
D& .aonification ; This is also called Adiocere *ormation&
E& Maceration
*actors to Consider in Aro+imating the D"ration of Death in a
Cada)er
1& Entomolog( ; The resence of maggots in the cada)er
indicates d"ration of death for more than D: ho"rs
D& Presence of li)e *leas in clothing ; in death b( dro$ning! a
flea can s"r)i)e for abo"t D: ho"rs s"bmerged in $ater& After D:
ho"rs s"bmersion in $ater the fleas die&
E& Glood )essel clots ; blood clotting occ"rs in < B9 ho"rs after
death&
:& Post Mortem li)idit( ; de)elos in E to < ho"rs after death&
8& Rigor MortisB begins to de)elo in E to < ho"rs after death
and ma( last for D: to E< ho"rs after death&
<& /nset of decomosition ; Decomosition ta#es lace $ithin
D: ; :9 ho"rs after death&
@& *ood in the stomach
9& .#eletal soft tiss"es ; soft tiss"es ma( disaear from 1&8
(ears to D (ears after b"rial&
Position of the God( at the time of Death
1& Post Mortem li)idit(
D& Cada)eric sasm ; Death d"e to )iolence or inflicted h(sical
in%"ries! "s"all( manifest the osition of the bod( at the time of
death&
E+& In s"icide b( g"nshot $o"nd! the g"n ma(be tightl( grased
in the hand of the deceased
In dro$ning! the )ictim ma(be holding ob%ects that
come in contact $ith his hands to cling to life&
MEDIC/LEGAL IMP/RTANCE /* RIG/R M/RTI. AND
CADA5ERIC .PA.M0
Rigor mortis is "tiliFed to aro+imate the time of death&
GeneraliFed m"sc"lar contractions occ"r from E to < ho"rs "ntil
E< ho"rs&
Cada)eric sasm occ"rs immediatel( after death and is "sef"l
to ascertain the circ"mstances of death&
Medico Legal In)estigation of Death
- Deaths $hich are not ob)io"sl( d"e to nat"ral
ca"ses! b"t are criminal! s"sicio"s! accidental!
s"icidal! m"rdero"s! homicidal! s"dden or
"ne+ected! or "ne+lained! need medico legal
in)estigation&
The Death Certificate
- The death certificate is a legal doc"ment
necessar( for b"rial of the dead! as it certifies the
occ"rrence of death& It is a doc"ment from the
/ffice of the Ci)il Registrar General! listing the
artic"lars of an indi)id"alCs death&
- It contains the Immediate Ca"se or Primar(
ca"se of death! the antecedent ca"ses and
"nderl(ing ca"se of death
Immediate Ca"se or Primar( Ca"se of Death
E+& ."ffocation d"e to dro$ning
Ash(+ia
Cardio ; Resirator( Arrest
Antecedent Ca"se of Death are e)ents or
conditions that s"bstantiall( contrib"te to the
immediate ca"se of death
E+& Ac"te eritonitis! Ac"te H(o)olemic shoc#!
Ac"te .etic .hoc#!
-nderl(ing Ca"se of Death is the basic ca"se or
bottom line ca"se of death& It is the diagnosis of
the atients or )ictimCs illness or sic#ness that
res"lted to his death
E+& Ac"te Aendicitis! Heatocarcinoma! Pel)ic
*ract"re! .tab or G"nshot Ao"nd to the chest&
Non Nat"ral Ca"ses of Death
E+& M"rder! Homecide! ."icide! Accident
Death Aarrant ; is a $arrant from the roer e+ec"ti)e a"thorit(
aointing the time and lace for the e+ec"tion of the sentence
of death "on a con)ict %"diciall( condemned to s"ffer death&
Manner of Death
- Is the e+lanation as to ho$ the ca"se of death
arose! and ma(be either Nat"ral Death or 5iolent
Death
LaFar"s .(ndrome
- Is also called LaFar"s Phenomenon is the
sontaneo"s ret"rn of circ"lation after failed
attemts at res"scitation&
Imlications of LaFar"s .(ndrome
- raise ethical and legal iss"es for doctors! $ho
m"st determine $hen medical death has
occ"rred! $hen res"scitation efforts sho"ld end!
and ost mortem roced"res s"ch as a"tosies
and organ har)esting ma( ta#e lace&
LaFar"s .ign
- LaFar"s sign or LaFar"s refle+ is a refle+
mo)ement in brain dead atients! $hich ca"ses
them to briefl( raise their arms and dro them
crossed on their chests&
- The henomenon has been obser)ed to occ"r
se)eral min"tes after the remo)al of medical
)entilators "sed to "m air in and o"t of brain
dead atients to #ee their bodies ali)e&
NEAR DEATH EIPERIENCE
- Refers to a broad range of ersonal e+eriences
associated $ith imending death! encomassing
m"ltile ossible sensations incl"ding
4
detachment from the bod(K feelings of le)itation
etc&
E-THANA.IA
- Meaning good death 7 $ell or good >
- Refers to the ractice of ending life in a ainless
manner&
- Deliberate inter)ention "nderta#en $ith the
e+ress intention of ending life! to relie)e
intractable s"ffering
Classification of E"thanasia0
1& 5ol"ntar( e"thanasia ; is e"thanasia cond"cted $ith consent
D& In)ol"ntar( e"thanasia
; is e"thanasia cond"cted $itho"t consent&
Bis cond"cted $here an indi)id"al ma#es a decision for another
erson incaable of doing so&
B also #no$n as h(sician assisted death! h(sician assisted
s"icide or merc( #illing&
E& Passi)e e"thanasia ; entails $ithholding of common
treatments
:& Acti)e e"thanasia ; entails the "se of lethal s"bstances or
forces to end life and is the most contro)ersial means&
CHAPTER : REGI/NAL TRA-MA
Tra"ma
; is the leading ca"se of death in the first fo"r decades of life
and the E
rd
leading ca"se of death in all age gro"s toda(&
BPenetrating tra"ma artic"larl( handg"ns is becoming common
in nearl( all areas of the co"ntr(&
Trimodal Distrib"tion of Death from Tra"ma0
1& .econds to min"tes of in%"r( ; d"e to the in%"r( to the brain!
high sinal cord! heart! aorta and other large )essels& These
atients can rarel( be sal)aged&
D& Min"tes to *e$ ho"rs from in%"r( 7 The Golden Ho"r >
B It is in this eriod that Ad)anced Tra"ma Life ."ort=
7 ATL. > techni1"es are imortant&
E& .e)eral da(s to $ee#s of In%"r( ; these are d"e to sesis or
organ fail"re&
.PECI*IC IN'-RIE.
1& Head
a& T(es of Head In%"ries0
a&1 Hematoma
a&D Cont"sions
a&E .#"ll fract"res
a&: Hemorrhage
D& .ine and .inal Cord In%"ries
The most common ca"ses of se)ere sinal tra"ma
are motor )ehic"lar accidents! falls! di)ing accidents! and
g"nshot $o"nds&
E& Chest
a& Life Threatening In%"ries
Pn"mothora+
Hemothora+
*lail chest as in m"ltile rib fract"res
Cardiac tamonade d"e to enetrating
in%"ries
b& Potentiall( Lethal In%"ries
b&1& P"lmonar( Cont"ssion $ith or $itho"t
flail chest
b&D& Thoracic Aortic Tear or R"t"re ; the
most common ca"se of s"dden death after
a )ehic"lar accident or fall 7 ma%or
decelaration in%"r( >
c& .erio"s Chest In%"ries
:& Abdomen
T(es of In%"ries0
a& Penetrating
B G"nshot $o"nds of the abdomen carr(
=8L robabilit( of significant )isceral in%"r(
B A b"llet $hen it hits the abdomen $ill
enetrate the abdominal $all! enter the
abdominal ca)it( and most li#el( in%"re more
than one organ&
B The incidence of abdominal in%"r( is
stri#ingl( higher in g"nshot $o"nds than in
stab $o"nds&
B The ma%or ca"se of death is hemorrhage
and this occ"rs $ithin the first D: ho"rs
B In stab $o"nds of the abdomen ! onl( DME
enetrate the eritoneal ca)it(K of these onl(
N ca"se significant )isceral in%"r( that
re1"ires s"rgical reair&
b& Gl"nt
B The sleen and li)er are the most
commonl( in%"red organs d"e to bl"nt
tra"ma&
B Their fre1"ent incidence also e+lains $h(
the mortalit( rate follo$ing bl"nt tra"ma is
higher than that of enetrating in%"r(&
8& *ract"res and Dislocations
The $ord fract"re comes from the Latin $ord
3fract"ra4 $hich means a brea# in the contin"it( of the bone& It is
also a combination of a brea# in the bone and soft tiss"e in%"r(
A& /en *ract"res B =HL of oen fract"res are ca"sed
b( )ehic"lar accident&
G& Hi fract"res are )er( common in elderl( eole
and are "s"all( ca"sed b( minor falls& It is the most common
ca"se of tra"matic death after the age of @8&
<& -rologic
B Hemat"ria follo$ing tra"ma
B Gl"nt #idne( in%"r( is "s"all( d"e to motor
)ehic"lar accidents $hich acco"nt for @H ;
=H L of #idne( tra"ma&
B Penile in%"r(0
The erect enis is "s"all( < ; 9 inches long
and 1 BD inches in diameter&
B A)"lsion of the re"ce ; this ma( follo$
accidents $here the fores#in called re"ce
is detached or lacerated b( a bl"nt force&
B *ract"re of the enis ; this is the tra"matic
r"t"re of the corora ca)ernosa enis
res"lting from a forcef"l tra"ma to the
flaccid organ&
B Am"tated enis ; the enis of an a)id
$omaniFer is sometimes intentionall( c"t or
am"tated b( a %ealo"s derange $ife or
lo)er&

@& Arterial tra"ma
9& G"rns
CLA..I*ICATI/N /* A/-ND.
1& A. T/ LEGAL CLA..I*ICATI/N
Chater 1
DE.TR-CTI/N /* LI*E
a& Article D:<& Parricide
b& Article D:@& Death or Ph(sical In%"ries Inflicted -nder
E+cetional Circ"mstances
c& Article D:9& M-RDER
B An( erson $ho! not falling $ithin the ro)isions of
Article D:< shall #ill another! shall be g"ilt( of m"rder and shall
5
be "nished b( Recl"sion Peret"a! to death if committed $ith
an( of the follo$ing attendant circ"mstancesK
1& Aith treacher(
D& In consideration of a rice ! re$ard or romise
E& G( means of in"ndation etc&
:& /n occasion of an( of the calamities etc&
8& Aith e)ident remeditation
<& Aith cr"elt( etc
Article D:= H/MICIDE
Article D81& Death Ca"sed in a T"m"lto"s Affra(
Article D8D& Ph(sical In%"ries Inflicted In a T"m"lt"o"s Affra(
Article D8E& Gi)ing Assistance to ."icide
Article D8:& Discharge of *irearms
Article D88& Infanticide
Article D8<& Intentional Abortion
Article D8@& -nintentional Abortion ; $ho shall ca"sed an
abortion b( )iolence b"t not intentional&
Article D89& Abortion Practiced b( the Aoman Herself or G( Her
Parents
Article D8=& Abortion Practiced b( a Ph(sician or Mid$ife and
Disensing of Aborti)es
Article D<H& Resonsibilit( of Particiants in a D"el
Article D<1& Challenging to a D"el
CHAPTER D
PH2.ICAL IN'-RIE.
a& Article D<D& M"tilation ; An( erson $ho shall intentionall(
m"tilate another b( deri)ing him! either totall( or artiall( ! of
some essential organ of rerod"ction&
b& Article D<E& .erio"s Ph(sical In%"ries ; An( erson $ho shall
$o"nd! beat! or assa"lt another! shall be g"ilt( of the crime of
serio"s h(sical in%"ries
c& Article D<:& Administering In%"rio"s ."bstances or Ge)erages
d& Article D<8& Less .erio"s Ph(sical In%"ries ; An( erson $ho
shall inflict "on another h(sical in%"ries $hich shall
incaacitate the offended art( for labor for 1H da(s or more! or
shall re1"ire medical attendance for the same eriod
e& Article D<<& .light Ph(sical In%"ries and Maltreatment&
B Ahen the offender has inflicted h(sical in%"ries $hich shall
incaacitate the offended art( for labor from one to nine da(s!
or shall re1"ire medical attendance d"ring the same eriod&
Chater E! RAPE ; Ahen and Ho$ rae is committed
1& G( a man $ho shall ha)e carnal #no$ledge of a $oman
"nder an( of the circ"mstances
a& Thro"gh force! threat! or intimidation
b& Ahen the offended art( is deri)ed of reason or
other$ise "nconscio"s
c& G( means of fra"d"lent machinations or gra)e
ab"se of a"thorit(
d& Ahen the offended art( is "nder t$el)e 7 1D >
(ears of age or is demented! e)en tho"gh none of the
circ"mstances mentioned abo)e is resent&
D& G( an( erson $ho! "nder an( of the circ"mstances
mentioned in aragrah 1 hereof! shall commit an act of se+"al
assa"lt b( inserting his enis into another ersonCs mo"th or
anal orifice or an( instr"ment or ob%ect into the genital or anal
orifice of another erson&
Classification of Ao"nds
D& A. T/ THE DEPTH /* THE A/-ND
a& ."erficial ; Ahen the $o"nd in)ol)es onl( the la(er of the
s#in
b& Dee ; Ahen the $o"nd in)ol)es the str"ct"res be(ond the
la(ers of the s#in&
b&1 Penetrating ; the $o"nd enters the bod( b"t does not come
o"t& P"nct"red! stab and g"nshot $o"nds "s"all( belong to this
t(e of $o"nd&
b&D Perforating ; there is a comm"nication bet$een the o"tside!
inner and the o"ter side& There is both a oint of entr( and e+it&
Classification of Ao"nds
E& A. T/ M/RTALIT2
a& Deadl( Ao"ndB Death res"lts immediatel(! after the infliction
of the $o"nd& Deadl( $o"nds tho"gh mortal! ma(be re)ented
$ith romt medical treatment&
b& Non Deadl( Ao"nds ; Does not res"lt to death immediatel(!
after the $o"nd is inflicted& A non deadl( $o"nd ma( ca"se
death later! d"e to comlications i&e& tetan"s! seticemia
Classification of Ao"nds0
:& A. T/ THE A/-NDING IN.TR-MENT. -.ED0
a& .har Instr"ments ; E+& incised $o"nd! "nct"red $o"nd!
stab $o"nd dagger or #itchen #nife
b& Gl"nt Instr"ments ; A bloc# of $ood or iron rod"ces
cont"sion! hematoma! abrasions! lacerated $o"nd $hen "sed
to stri#e! attac#! $o"nd! beat or assa"lt another
Classification of Ao"nds0
8& A. T/ THE C/N.E,-ENTIAL IN'-R2 A*TER THE
APPL/CATI/N /* */RCE
a& Co" In%"r( B
b& Co" Centre Co" In%"r(
c& Contre Co" In%"r(
d& Loc"s Minoris resistancia
e& E+tensi)e in%"r(
Classification of Ao"nds0
<& A. T/ THE INTEGRIT2 /* THE .JIN
A& CL/.ED A/-ND. ; Presents no brea# in the integrit( or
contin"it( of the s#in& There ma(be onl( o"t$ard manifestations
of in%"r( internall(&
E+& of closed $o"nds0
1& etechiae ; a circ"mscribe e+tra)asation of blood in the
s"bc"taneo"s tiss"e&
D& cont"sion ; eff"sion of blood into the tiss"es "nderneath the
s#in as a res"lt of a bl"nt force& E+& blac# e(e
E& Hematoma
:& Gl"nt in%"r(
8& M"sc"los#eletal in%"ries
E+& .rain! Dislocation! *ract"re! .train
Cerebral Conc"ssion ; there is a brief loss of conscio"sness
and sometimes memor( after a head in%"r( that doesnCt ca"se
ob)io"s h(sical damage&
Cerebral Cont"sion ; the( are br"ises to the brain! "s"all(
ca"sed b( a direct! strong blo$ to the head& The( are more
serio"s than conc"ssions&

G& /PEN A/-ND.
B There is a brea# in the contin"it( of the s#in
E+amles0
1& Abrasion
D& Gr"ise
E& Incised $o"nd
:& .tab $o"nd
8& P"nct"red $o"nd
<& Perforating $o"nd
@& Lacerated $o"nd
9& Gites
=& G"nshot $o"nds
G& /PEN A/-ND. ; there is a brea# in the contin"it( of the
s#in
G&1& Abrasion ; .cratch! friction mar#
6
G&D& Gr"ise ; ca"se b( a bl"nt in%"r( to the tiss"es $hich
damage blood )essels beneath the s"rface! allo$ing blood to
e+tra)asate or lea# into the s"rro"nding tiss"es&
G&E& Incised $o"nd
G&:& .tab $o"nd
G&8& P"nct"red $o"nd
G&<& Perforating $o"nd
G&@& Lacerated $o"nd ; res"lt of an in%"r( from a bl"nt
instr"ment& In cerebral laceration! the brain tiss"e is torn often
$ith an accoman(ing )isible head $o"nds and s#"ll fract"res&
G&9& Gites ; the( ma(be abraded! br"ised or rarel( lacerated&
The( are "s"all( seen in se+"al assa"lts and in child ab"se and
also b( animal bites
G&=& G"nshot $o"nds
TE.T */R THE PRE.ENCE /* P/ADER RE.ID-E.0
1& Paraffin test or Dermal Nitrate test ; resent on the s#in of
the hand dors"m or site of the $o"nd of entrance& This test is
not concl"si)e beca"se fertiliFers! cosmetics! cigarettes! "rine
and other nitrogeno"s como"nds $ith nitrates $ill gi)e a
ositi)e reaction& A negati)e test is also not concl"si)e & The test
"s"all( gi)es a ositi)e res"lt e)en after a lase of E da(s or
e)en if the hands are s"b%ected to ordinar( $ashing
D& -se of .canning Electron Microscoe $ith a lin#ed I ; ra(
anal(Fer& This method aears to be more secific b"t seldom
"sed beca"se the instr"ment is e+ensi)e&
.PECIAL T2PE. /* A/-ND.
1& AssailantCs $o"nds ; these $o"nds are s"stained b( the
assailant from the )ictim! $hile the former is in the rocess of
attac#ing! $o"nding! assa"lting! beating or #illing his )ictim&
D& Defense $o"nds ; in the rocess of defending himself from
the attac#s! assa"lt! $o"nding! beating or )iolence of the
assailant! the )ictim s"stains defensi)e $o"nds "s"all( in the
"er e+tremities&
E& 5ictimCs $o"nds ; these are $o"nds s"stained b( the )ictim!
from the assailant! the former not ha)ing the chance or
oort"nit( to defend himself& The )ictimCs $o"nds ma(be
located in an( art of the bod(&
:& .elf ; Inflicted $o"nds ; these are $o"nds self inflicted b(
the erson on himself& The $o"nds are "s"all( fo"nd on the
accessible arts of the bod(! "s"all( $ith no intention to #ill
himself& -nless the )ictim is insane! self inflicted $o"nds are for
a fra"d"lent or self ser)ing "rose&
8& Homicidal $o"nds ; these are the serio"s $o"nds s"stained
b( the )ictim res"lting to his death! from the criminal assailant&
-s"all( the $o"nds are sit"ated in the areas of the nec#! chest!
the abdomen and the s#"ll&
<& Accidental $o"nds ; these $o"nds are s"stained b( the
)ictim! $itho"t an( fa"lt or intention $hatsoe)er on the art of
the acc"sed to inflict the $o"nds on the )ictim& The $o"nds are
"s"all( located on an( art of the )ictimCs bod(&
@& ."icidal $o"nds ; these are $o"nds self inflicted b( the
)ictim on himself! and "s"all( seen on the temle! the roof of
the mo"th! and other fatal bod( areas! accessible to the hand of
the )ictim&
CHAPTER 8 C/MPREHEN.I5E DANGER/-. DR-G. ACT
/* DHHD
REP-GLIC ACT =1<8
A DANGER/-. DR-G is a dr"g $hose "se is attended b( ris#
and therefore is "nsafe! erilo"s and haFardo"s to eole and
societ(&
A DR-G is an( s"bstance ! )egetable! mineral or animal in
origin! "sed in the comosition or rearation of medicines or
an( s"bstance "sed as medicines&
The Dangero"s Dr"g Act of 1=@D! incl"de the follo$ing
Dangero"s Dr"gs as follo$s0
A& PR/HIGITED DR-G.
1& /i"m and its acti)e comonents and deri)ati)es
s"ch as heroin and morhine&
D& Coca leaf and its deri)ati)es! rinciall( cocaine&
E& Hall"cinogenic dr"gs s"ch as mescaline! l(sergic
acid dieth(lamide 7 L.D > and other s"bstances
rod"cing similar effects&
:& /ther dr"gs $hether nat"ral or s(nthetic $ith the
h(siological effects of a narcotic dr"g&
G& REG-LATED DR-G.
1& .elf ind"cing sedati)es s"ch as secobarbital!
henobarbital! entobarbital! barbital and an( dr"g
$hich contains salt or deri)ati)e of a salt of barbit"ric
acid&
D& An( salt of amhetamine s"ch as GenFedrine or
an( dr"g $hich rod"ces a h(siological action similar
to amhetamine&
E& H(notic dr"gs! s"ch as metha1"alone rod"cing
similar h(siologic effects&
IMP/RTANT TERM. in the DANGER/-. DR-G
ACT /* DHHD
1& Dr"g .(ndicate
D& Illegal Traffic#ing
E& Chemical Di)ersion
:& Planting E)idence
8& Dr"g Deendence
T$o Classes of Dr"g Deendence0
a& Dr"g Addiction ; is a state of eriodic or chronic
into+ication rod"ced b( the reeated cons"mtion of
a dr"g! $hether s(nthetic or nat"ral and fo"nd to be
detrimental to the indi)id"al and to the societ(&
Characteristics of Dr"g Addiction0
A& An o)ero$ering desire or need to
contin"e ta#ing the dr"g or to obtained it b( an(
means&
B a tendenc( to increase the dose&
Ba s(chological and h(sical deendence
on the effects of the dr"g&
B a detrimental effect to the societ( and to
the indi)id"al
G& Dr"g Habit"ation ; is the desire to ha)e a
contin"o"s "se of the dr"g b"t $ith the caacit( to
refrain h(sicall( from "sing it&
Characteristics of Dr"g Habit"ation0
B The desire to "se the dr"g is not
com"lsi)e b"t merel( s(chical&
B There is little or no tendenc( to increase
the dose
B The detrimental effect if an(! is rimaril( on
the indi)id"al&
<& Protector
@& P"sher
9& Controlled Deli)er(
=& Den! Di)e or Resort
1H& PDEA ; The Philiine Dr"g Enforcement Agenc(!
$hich is the imlementing arm of the Dangero"s
Dr"gs Goard&
7
-NLAA*-L ACT. AND PENALTIE. IN THE
DANGER/-. DR-G. ACT /* DHHD 7 R&A& =1<80
1& Imortation of Dangero"s Dr"gs and or Controlled
Prec"sors and Essential Chemicals&
D& .ale! Trading! Administration! Disensation!
Deli)er(! Distrib"tion and Transortation of Dangero"s
Dr"gs and or Controlled Prec"rsors and essential
Chemicals&
E& Maintenance of a Den! Di)e or Resort
:& Emlo(ees and 5isitors of a Den! Di)e or Resort
8& Man"fact"re of Dangero"s Dr"gs and or Controlled
Prec"rsors and Essential Chemicals
<& Illegal Chemical Di)ersion of Controlled Prec"rsor
and Essential Chemicals
@&Man"fact"re or Deli)er( of E1"iment ! Instr"ment!
Aarat"s and /ther arahernalia for Dangero"s
Dr"gs and or Controlled Prec"rsors and Essential
Chemicals
9& Possession of Dangero"s Dr"gs
=& Possession of E1"iment! Instr"ment ! Aarat"s
and /ther Parahernalia for Dangero"s dr"gs&
1H& Possession of Dangero"s D D"ring Parties! .ocial
Gatherings or Meetings
11& Possession of E1"iment! Instr"ment! Aarat"s
and /ther Parahernalia for Dangero"s Dr"gs D"ring
Parties! .ocial Gatherings or Meetings
1D& -se of Dangero"s dr"gs
1E& C"lti)ation or C"lt"re of Plants Classified as
Dangero"s Dr"gs or are .o"rces thereof
1:& *ail"re to Maintain and Jee the /riginal Records
of transactions on Dangero"s dr"gs and or Controlled
Prec"rsors and Essential chemicals
18& -nnecessar( Prescrition of Dangero"s Dr"gs
1<& -nla$f"l Prescrition of Dangero"s dr"gs
THE C-.T/D2 AND DI.P/.ITI/N /*
C/N*I.CATED! .EI6ED AND /R .-RRENDERED
DANGER/-. DR-G.! PLANT ./-RCE. /*
DANGER/-. DR-G.! C/NTR/LLE.
PREC-R./R. AND E..ENTIAL CHEMICAL.!
IN.TR-MENT. AND PARAPHERNALIA AND /R
LAG/RAT/R2 E,-IPMENT ; The PDEA shall ta#e
charge and ha)e c"stod( of all dangero"s dr"gs! lant
so"rces of dangero"s dr"gs! controlled rec"rsors
and essential chemicals! as $ell as Instr"ments
arahernalia and laborator( e1"iment so
confiscated! seiFed and or s"rrendered! for roer
disosition in the follo$ing manner 7 Refer to Goo# >&
IMP/RTANT PR/5I.I/N. /* R&A& =1<8 /R THE
C/MPREHEN.I5E DANGER/-. DR-G. ACT /*
DHHD
.ection DD& Grant of Comensation! Re$ard and
A$ard
.ection DE& Plea Gargaining Pro)ision
.ection E<& Alicants for Dri)erCs License
.ection E9& Laborator( E+amination or test on
Arehended M Arrested /ffenders
.ection E=& Accreditation of Dr"g Testing Centers and
Ph(sicians
.ection :H& A h(sician! dentist! )eterinarian or
ractitioner a"thoriFed to rescribe an( dangero"s
dr"g shall iss"e the rescrition therefore in one
original and D d"licate coies&
.ection 8:& 5ol"ntar( ."bmission of a Dr"g
Deendent to Confinement! Treatment and
Rehabilitation
.ection 88 E+emtion from Criminal Liabilit(
-nder the 5ol"ntar( ."bmission Program
.ection 8<& Temorar( Release from the CenterK After
Care and *ollo$ " Treatment -nder the 5ol"ntar(
."bmission Program
.ection 89& *iling of Charges Against a Dr"g
Deendent $ho is not rehabilitated -nder the
5ol"ntar( ."bmission Program&
.ection <1& Com"lsor( Confinement of a dr"g
deendent $ho ref"ses to al( "nder the 5ol"ntar(
."bmission Program
.ection <D& Com"lsor( ."bmission of a Dr"g
Deendent Charged $ith an /ffense! to Treatment
and Rehabilitation
.ection @H& Probation or Comm"nit( .er)ice for a
*irst Time Minor /ffender In Lie" of Imrisonment
.ection @E& Liabilit( of a Parent! .o"se or G"ardian
Aho ref"ses to Cooerate $ith the Goard or an(
Concerned Agenc(
.ection @@& The Dangero"s Dr"gs Goard
.ection 9D& Creation of the Philiine Dr"g
Enforcement Agenc( 7 PDEA >
.ection 98& The PDEA Academ(
.ection =H& '"risdiction
.ection =1& Resonsibilit( and Liabilit( of La$
Enforcement Agencies and /ther Go)ernment
/fficials and Emlo(ees in Testif(ing as Prosec"tion
Aitnesses in Dangero"s Dr"g Cases
.ection =D& Dela( and G"ngling in the Prosec"tion of
Dr"g Cases
PHARMAC/L/GIC CLA.I*ICATI/N /*
DANGER/-. DR-G.
1&H(notics
D& .edati)es and Tran1"iliFers
E& Hall"cinogens and Ps(chomimetics
:& .tim"lants
8& Deressants
<& Deliriants and Into+icants
A&H(notics0
/iates and Their Deri)ati)es ; /i"m is obtained
from the mil#( e+"dates of the "nrie seed cas"les
of the o( lant! Paa)er .ornoifer"m&
Deri)ati)es of oi"m commonl( "sed are morhine!
heroin! and codeine&
Its s(nthetic rearation are Demerol and Methadone&

Narcotics that ha)e a legitimate medical "sed as
o$erf"l ain relie)ers are called /ioids! and incl"de
codeine! o+(codone! meeridine! morhine and
h(dromorhone&
Heroin $hich is rohibited is a )er( strong ain
relie)er and narcotic
.igns and .(mtoms of /i"m Administration0
1& .tage of E+citement
D& .tage of .t"or
E& .tage of Narcosis
G& .EDATI5E.0
Garbit"rates0 B are the rod"cts of malonic acid and
"rea! s(nthesiFed on .t& Garbara da(&
- -sed to treat an+iet( and to ind"ce slee can
ca"se both s(chologic and h(sical
deendence&
C& HALL-CIN/GEN. /R P.2CH/MIMETIC
DR-G.0
8
Mari%"ana ; 7 Cannabis .ati)a > is a Me+ican term for
leas"rable feeling& Mari%"ana is not addicti)e&
Ph(sical deendence and dose tolerance do not
de)elo $ith its "se& Ps(chic deendence ma( occ"r&
."b%ecti)e effects of Mari%"ana0
- There is a feeling of lightness of the e+tremities
follo$ed b( r"shes of $armth and $ell being that
e)ent"all( lead to a sense of rela+ation! mild
e"horia and a dream( state $here ideas are
disconnected&
/b%ecti)e Effects of Mari%"ana0
- Moderate increase in resting "lse rate!
reddening of the e(es d"e to dilatation of the
con%"ncti)al blood )essels& Diffic"lt( of seech
and of remembering of the logical trend of $hat
$as being said&
L(sergic Acid Dseth(lamide 7 L.D >
- These dr"gs are false hall"cinogens&
- It rod"ces imaired %"dgement so that a "ser
might thin# that he can fl(! and ma( e)en %"m
o"t a $indo$ to ro)e it! res"lting in se)ere in%"r(
or death&
D&.TIM-LANT.0
Amhetamines ; methamhetamines 7 .hab"!
seed >K meth(lenedio+(methamhetamine 7 MDMA!
ecstas( or Adam >
- Acts on the cerebral corte+ ca"sing alertness!
e+cessi)e self confidence and feeling of $ell
being& Ph(sical erformance ma( to some
degree temoraril( imro)e&
-nto$ard Effects0
- The( increase the blood ress"re and heart rate&
*atal heart attac#s ha)e occ"rred e)en in
health(! (o"ng athletes& The blood ress"re
ma(be so high that a blood )essel in the brain
r"t"res ca"sing a stro#e&
Coccaine ; is an al#aloid from the lea)es of the coca
shr"b c"lti)ated in Goli)ia and Per"&
- It rod"ces effects similar to amhetamines! b"t
is a m"ch more o$erf"l stim"lant&
- Is "sed to e+cite the "nderse+ed&
- Is a e"horiant and readil( relie)es fatig"e
-nto$ard Effects0
- .ame as amhetamine
E& DEPRE..ANT.0
- Angel d"st
- Deresses the brain and ab"sers "s"all(
become conf"sed and disoriented shortl( after
ta#ing the dr"g&
- Can be combati)e and beca"se the( donCt feel
the ain the( ma( contin"e fighting e)en $hen hit
hard&
CHAPTER < .EI-AL D2.*-NCTI/N. AND .EI-AL
CRIME.
.EI-ALIT2 ; I. A N/RMAL GI/L/GICAL -RGE AND AN
IMP/RTANT PART /* THE H-MAN EIPERIENCE&
: .tages of a .e+"al Resonse0
1& Desire
D& Aro"sal
E& /rgasm
:& Resol"tion
.EI-AL D2.*-NCTI/N. 7 Classification >
A& As to choice of se+"al artners
1& Homose+"al
D& Infanto se+"al
E& Gesto se+"al
:& A"to se+"al
8& Gerontohilia
<& Necrohilia
@& Incest
G& As to instinct"al strength of the se+"al "rge0
1& /)er se+
D& -nder se+ or se+"al frigidit(
a& .e+"al anesthesia
b& D(sare"nia
c& 5aginism"s
d& /ld age
C& As to the mode of se+"al e+ression
1& /ralism
a& *ellatio
b& C"nniling"s
c& Analism
D& .ado ; masochism
a& .adism
b& Masochism
E& *etishism
a& Anatomic
b& Clothing
&
c& Necrohilic
d& /dor 7 osresiohilia >
Jinds of /sresiohilia
1& -rolagnia
D& Corolagnia
E& M(sohilia
a& Narcissism
b& .abote"r *etish
c& 5amirism
D& As to the art of the bod(
1& .odom(
D& -ranism
E& *rottage
:& Partialism
E& As to )is"al stim"l"s
1& 5o(e"rism
D& .cotohilia
*& As to n"mber
1& Troilism
D& Pl"ralism
G& /ther se+"al de)iates&
1& Don '"anism
D& Indecent e+os"re
E& Corolalia
H& Disorders of se+"al f"nction0
1& Premat"re e%ac"lation
D& Retarded e%ac"lation
E& Lo$ se+"al desire disorder
:& .e+"al a)ersion disorder
8& .e+"al aro"sal disorder in $omen
<& Inhibited orgasm
@& D(sare"nia
9& 5aginism"s
I& .e+"al re)ersal
1& Trans)ertism
D& Transe+"alism
E& Interse+"alit(
9
.EI-AL CRIME.0
Chaste ; An "nmarried $oman $ho has had no carnal
#no$ledge $ith men or that she ne)er )ol"ntaril( had "nla$f"l
se+"al interco"rse& These also denotes "rit( of mind and
innocence of heart&
5irgin ; A $oman $ho has had no carnal #no$ledge of man&
Her genital organs ha)e not been altered b( carnal connection&
Jinds of )irginit(
1& Moral )irginit( ; the state of not #no$ing the nat"re of se+"al
life and not ha)ing e+erience se+"al relation&
D& Ph(sical )irginit( ; A condition $hereb( a $oman is
conscio"s of the nat"re of se+"al life b"t has not e+erienced
se+"al interco"rse&
E& Demi ; )irginit( ; This term refers to a condition of a $oman
$ho ermits an( form of se+"al liberties as long as the( abstain
from r"t"ring the h(men b( se+"al act& The $oman allo$s
se+"al interco"rse! b"t onl( inter femora or e)en inter labia! b"t
not to the e+tent of r"t"ring the h(men&
:& 5irgo intacta ; A tr"l( )irgin $oman& There is no str"ct"ral
change in her organ! not$ithstanding the fact of a re)io"s
se+"al interco"rse&
DE*L/RATI/N ; This is the laceration or r"t"re of the h(men!
as a res"lt of se+"al interco"rse& All other lacerations $hich are
not d"e to coit"s are not considered defloration&
.EMEN AND .PERMAT/6/A0
ERECTILE D2.*-NCTI/N 7 Imotence >
- The diagnosis of Erectile D(sf"nction is imortant
eseciall( in comlaints of rae& It m"st be
ro)en con)incingl( that the acc"sed is
ermanentl( imotent! so that the crime of rae
cannot be ro)ed be(ond reasonable do"bt&
- Imotence "s"all( res"lts from )asc"lar
imairment! ne"rologic disorders! dr"gs!
abnormalities of the enis or s(chological
roblems that interfere $ith se+"al aro"sal&
- These incl"des in%"r(! diabetes mellit"s! stro#e
and dr"gs li#e all antih(ertensi)e and
s(chotics! antideressants and some sedati)es&
- Alcohol can also ca"se imotence and also lo$
le)els of testosterone
.EI CRIME. IN THE RE5I.ED PENAL C/DE0
A& Rae
G& Carnal Jno$ledge
B is the act of a man in ha)ing se+"al bodil(
connection $ith a $oman& There is carnal
#no$ledge if there is the slightest enetration in
the se+"al organ of the female b( the se+"al
organ of the male&
C& .ed"ction
B is the art of a man enticing $omen to ha)e
"nla$f"l interco"rse $ith him b( means of
ers"asion! solicitation! romises! bribes or other
means $itho"t emlo(ment of force
D& Acts of Lasci)iosness
E& Acts of Lasci)io"sness $ith Consent of the
/ffended Part(
*& Abd"ction
1& *orcible Abd"ction
D& Consens"al Abd"ction
G& Ad"lter(
H& Conc"binage
I& Gigam(
'& Marriage Contracted Against the Pro)isions of
La$
J& Premat"re Marriage
L& Performance of Illegal Marriage Ceremon(
M& Prostit"tion
N& Corr"tion of Minors
/& Ahite .la)e Trade
P& Ab"se Against Chastit(
PR/5I.I/N. /* THE RE5I.ED PENAL C/DE
APPLICAGLE T/ -NNAT-RAL .EI-AL /**EN.E.
1& Gra)e .candal 7 Art& DHH >
D& Immoral Doctrines! /bscene P"blications and E+hibitions
7 Art& DH1 >
E& 5agrants and Prostit"tes 7 Art& DHD >
:& Gra)e Threats 7 Art& D9D >
8& Light Threats 7 Art& D9E >
<& /ther Light Threats 7 Art& D98 >
@& Gra)e Coercions
9& -n%"st 5e+ation or An( /ther Coercion 7 Art& D9@ >
CHAPTER @ MENTAL HEALTH DI./RDER.
Mental Health Disorders ; incl"de dist"rbances in thin#ing!
emotion! and beha)ior& There is a comle+ interaction bet$een
the h(sical! s(chologic! social! c"lt"ral and hereditar(
infl"ences&
*actors that Contrib"te to the De)eloment of Mental Disorders0
1& Heredit( ; the most fre1"ent factor that contrib"tes to insanit(
and a good histor( $ill re)eal the ascendants afflicted $ith the
same&
D& Incesto"s Marriage ; The mental illness is accent"ated $hen
the( are blood relati)es&
E& Imaired 5italit( ; .tress! tension! $orr(! grief ma(
redisose to insanit(
:& Poor Moral Training and Greeding ; Corr"t moral "bringing
in the famil( d"e to immoralit( of the arents
8& Ps(chic *actors ; *actors li#e lo)e! hate! rage! anger!
assion disaointments
<& Ph(sical *actors
a& Non to+ic factors ; e+ha"stion res"lting from
se)ere h(sical and mental strain and tra"matic in%"ries to the
head&
b& To+ic factors ; dr"g addiction! infections of the brain
JIND. /* MENTAL HEALTH DI./RDER.0
1& Ps(chosomatic disorders ; h(sical disorders ca"sed b(
s(chologic factors&
D& .omatiform disorders ; encomasses se)eral s(chiatric
disorders in $hich eole reort h(sical s(mtoms b"t den(
ha)ing s(chiatric roblems&
E& GeneraliFed An+iet( Disorders
:& Panic Attac#s and Panic Disorder
8& Phobic Disorders
a& Agorahobia
b& .ecific hobias
c& .ocial hobia
<& /bsessi)e Com"lsi)e Disorder
@& Post Tra"matic .tress Disorder
9& Deression and Mania
=& Giolar Disorder
1H& ."icidal Geha)ior
11& Eating Disorders
a& Anore+ia ner)osa
b& G"limia ner)osa
c& Ginge eating disorder
1D& Personalit( Disorders
10
a& Paranoid
b& .chiFoid
c& Histrionic
d& Narcissistic
e& Antisocial
f& Gorderline
g& A)oidant
h& Deendent
i& /bsessi)e ; Com"lsi)e
%& Passi)e Aggressi)e
#& Dissociati)e
1E& .chiFohrenia ; a serio"s mental disorder characteriFed b(
loss of contact $ith realit( 7 s(chosis > ! hall"cinations!
del"sions 7 false beliefs > ! abnormal thin#ing! disr"ted $or#
and social f"nctioning
T(es of .chiFohrenia0
a& Paranoid
b& Hebehrenic
c& Catatonic
1:& Del"sional Disorder
18& Ps(chological Incaacit( ; a $aste bas#et diagnosis
beca"se it is so broad a term! that it co)ers all ossible Mental
Disorders&
./ME MANI*E.TATI/N. /* MENTAL DI./RDER.0
1& Disorders of Cognition 7 Jno$ing >
a& Ill"sion
b& Hall"cination
D& Disorders of Memor(
a& Dementia
E& Disorders in the Content of Tho"ght
A& Del"sion
a& Del"sion of grande"r
b& Del"sion of ersec"tion
c& Del"sion of reference
d& Del"sion of .elf ; Acc"sation
e& Del"sion of infidelit(
f& Nihilistic del"sion
g& Del"sion of o)ert(
h& Del"sion of control
i& Del"sion of deression
G& /bsession
:& Disorders in the trend of tho"ght
T(es0
a& Mania
b& Melancholia
8& Disorders of Emotions or *eelings ; a disorder in the state of
mind! fer)or! or sensibilit(! not in accord $ith realit(&
<& Disorders of )olition or conation 7 doing >
Jinds of Conation0
A& Im"lsion or Im"lse 7 Com"lsion > ; a s"dden
and irresistible force comelling a erson to the
conscio"s erformance of some action $itho"t moti)e
or foretho"ght&
T(es of Com"lsion0
a& P(romania
b& Jletomania
c& Disomania
d& Homicidal im"lse
e& .e+ im"lse
f& ."icidal im"lse
DI.TINCTI/N. GETAEEN TR-E AND *AL.E
IN.ANIT20
1& Tr"e insanit( de)elos insidio"sl( "s"all( $ith the
e+istence of some redisosition to an e+citing ca"se
if caref"l histor( is ta#en! $hile false insanit( de)elos
s"ddenl( $ith no e+isting redisosition&
D& In tr"e insanit(! there is a ec"liar facial e+ression!
$hich is absent in false insanit(
E& In tr"e insanit(! there is a contin"o"s and ersistent
manifestation of insanit(! $hich is onl( resent in false
insanit( $hen the retender is "nder obser)ation! and
absent $hen not "nder obser)ation&
:& In tr"e insanit(! there is a clinical entit( of a secific
mental disorder! $hich is absent in false insanit(&
8& In tr"e insanit(! the atient can end"re a )iolent or
stressf"l acti)it( $itho"t fatig"e! $hich is not resent
in false insanit(
<& In tr"e insanit(! the atient does not obser)e
ersonal h(giene! in false insanit(! the retender
obser)es h(giene
Insanit( or Mental Illness is an e+emting or mitigating
circ"mstance to Criminal Liabilit( as ro)ided in the
follo$ing0
1& As an e+emting Circ"mstance
Article 1D of the Re)ised Penal Code
ro)ides! 3 Ahen the imbecile or an insane erson
has committed an act $hich the la$ defines as felon(!
the co"rt shall order his confinement in one of the
hositals or as(l"ms established for ersons th"s
afflicted and he shall not be ermitted to lea)e $itho"t
first obtaining the ermission of the same co"rt&
D& As a mitigating Circ"mstance
Article 1E! of the Re)ised Penal Code
ro)ides! the follo$ing are mitigationg circ"mstances0
a& That the offender is deaf and d"mb! blind
or other$ise s"ffering from h(sical defect $hich th"s
restricts his means of action! defense or
comm"nication $ith his fello$ beings
The American La$ Instit"te form"lated the follo$ing
R"les on Criminal Resonsibilit( and states thatK
1& A erson is not resonsible for his criminal cond"ct
if at the time of s"ch cond"ct as a res"lt of mental
illness or defect! he lac#s essential caacit( to
areciate the criminalit( of his cond"ct or to conform
his cond"ct to the re1"irement of the la$&

D& The term 3 mental disease or defect 3 does not
incl"de an abnormalit( manifested onl( b( reeated
criminal or other$ise anti social cond"ct
*"ndamental Princiles of Insanit( and Criminal
Resonsibilit(0
1& A sane man is ass"med to be $holl( resonsible for
the conse1"ence of his crime&
D& A erson $ho commits a criminal act is res"med
to be sane&
E& Crime is al$a(s considered as an affair of the mind
as $ell as the bod( and to ma#e an act or omission a
crime! there m"st be a criminal act 7 act"s re"s > and
an criminal mind 7 mens rea > & Act"r facit re"m! nisi
mens sit rea&
Mental Deficienc( ; or mental retardation! is s"b
a)erage intellect"al abilit( resent from birth or earl(
infanc(& Intelligence is both determined b( heredit(
11
and en)ironment& In most cases of mental deficienc(!
the ca"se is "n#no$n&
Classification of mental deficienc(0
1& Idiot ; The idiotCs intelligence ne)er e+ceeds that of
a normal child o)er D (ears old& The I, is bet$een H ;
DH& This is "s"all( congenital&
D& Imbecile ; the imbecileCs intelligence is comared
to a normal child from D ; @ (ears old and the I, is DH
; :H&
E& *eeble Minded ; his mentalit( is similar to that of a
normal child bet$een @ ; 1D (ears old and an I, of :H
; @H&
The Legal Imortance of determining the ersonCs
state of mind are the follo$ing
In Criminal la$! insanit( e+emts a erson from
criminal liabilit(
In Ci)il la$! Insanit( is a restriction of the caacit( of a
nat"ral erson to act as ro)ided in Article E9 of the
Ci)il Code&
Insanit( modifies or limits the caacit( of a nat"ral
erson to act as ro)idedin Article E=! also of the Ci)il
Code&
Insanit( at the time of marriage of an( or both arties
is a gro"nd for the ann"lment of marriage&


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