Perjury: lying under oath

Sentence:The president committed perjury, therefore he was tried for impeachment

Pork-barrel legislation: laws the congress pass to appropriate money for local federal
projects
Sentence:Pork-barrel legislation was passed giving the local federal enough money to
build new highway systems.






Expressed powers: enumerated powers
Sentence: Expressed powers were granted to the federal government.







Necessary and proper clause: Elastic clause, last clause of section 8. Implies that
Congress has powers behind those expressed in the rst clause 17
Sentence: TheNecessary and Proper clause of the Constitution allowed Congress to
establish the national bank system.







Appropriations bill: proposed laws to authorize spending money
Sentence: The president created appropriation bill allowing the government to spend
more money.





Interstate commerce: commerce among states
Sentence: Gordon Foods Service uses interstate commerce to sell products across the
borders of the states.






25th ammendment: when ofce of VP becomes empty, president appoints a
replacement
Sentence: According to the 25th ammendment Obama will choose a new Vice
President if it is needed to be replaced.







Rider: provision on a subject other than one covered by a bill
Sentence: Although it had nothing to do with the bill at hand, the president added a
rider.







Veto: when the government refuses to sign a bill and returns it to congress, including
reasons for the actions
Sentence: The government vetoed the bill signed by the congress due to the fact they
didn't believe it would help the society.







Standing committee: a permanent committee
Sentence: the standing committee has been chosen and is planning on staying for
awhile.


Select committee: temporary committee
Sentence: The individuals chosen for the select committee will not be on board for a
long period of time, they will be replaced shortly.






Joint committee: omitted made up of members of both chamber in a bicameral
legislation
Sentence: The Two Parties agree to form a joint committee to settle the issue at hand.






Cloture: closes the debate
Sentence: The cloture ended the case for good.







Ways and means committee: committee that has total jurisdiction on taxation, tariffs and
other revenue raising bills
Sentence: When the government wants to increase taxes they have to go through the
ways and means committee.







Appropriation: an approval of government spending
Sentence: When the government wants to spend money and appropriation has to occur.






Lobbying: the work the lobbyist do to persuade ofcials to support their views
Sentence: The lobbyist began lobbying in order to get the people to believe their
thoughts.







PACS: political action committee
Sentence: PACS is a committee used when it comes to fundraising.





Concurrent resolution: deals with matters where laws aren't needed
Sentence: A current resolution was made because they needed to create a joint
committee.







Speaker of the house: member who runs the meeting, appoints members to
committees, and refer sills to standing committees
Sentence: The Speaker of the House shared his views and the bill was voted upon.








The great compromise: bicameral legislation HOR based on population
Sentence: The great compromise was used to create the structure of the US
government today.





Federalism: national government and local governments share powers
Sentence: Federalists generally believed that a bill of rights was unnecessary.








Confederation: many decisions made by an external member state legislation
Sentence: The German confederation was re-established in 1850.





Reserved powers: powers that belong exclusively to the states
Sentence: The Congress used it's reserved powers to impose a new law.






Concurrent powers: powers shared by the nation and state government
Sentence: The concurrent powers of the nation and state government were used
towards taxes and to make roads.






Judicial Review: the power of the Supreme Court to declare laws and executive actions
unconstitutional
Sentence: After the Judicial Review, The Supreme court found the amendment
unconstitutional.







Conservative: individuals should be responsible for their own well being and should rely
on government supply
Sentence: According to the views of a conservative all people are for themselves.






Liberal: believe that government should be used to remedy the social and economic
injustices
Sentence: The views of the liberals is that the government supports all those who are in
need.






Political parties: group of people with common political goals which hope it inuenced
policies through the election policies
Sentence: Several candidates running for a specic political parties put a large portion
of their life into the elections.






Super Tuesday: many primaries are held on the same Tuesday in early march
Sentence: The primaries are held on Super Tuesday to discuss important matters.






Electoral college: created by the framers as a mean of insulating the government from
whims of the less educated public
Sentence: The voters in each state chose the electoral college to elect the President
and Vice President of the U.S.





Voting rights act of 1965:encourage states to take measures to increase minority
representation in congress
Sentence: Now that the voting rights act on 1965 was created minorities have more of a
voice.






Earmarks: provisions within legislation that appropriate money to a specic project
Sentence: The legislation provided earmarks for the charity fund.







Pocket Veto: if a president doesn't sign a bill during the 10 days before the
congressional session ends
Sentence: The president pocket vetoed the bill, so it was not passed.





Plea bargaining: an argument within prosecution to agree to a less serious crime and
sentence
Sentence: The prosecutors had a plea bargain when trying to decide the consequence
for the crime committed.






Appellate jurisdiction: can only decide the issues of law, not the facts of the case
Sentence: The appellate jurisdiction focused at the law being discussed.







Judicial restraint: when judges are reluctant to overturn the acts of legislation
Sentence: Once again, a judicial restraint was used by the judges.









Judicial activist: judge who has no say over overturn the legislation
Sentence: The judicial activist did not have a say in the legislations opinion.







Writ of certiorari: a written document used to request the lower court transcripts
Sentence: The higher members used a writ certiorari to receive the transcripts they
needed.







McCulloch v Maryland: national supremacy
Sentence: In the case McCulloch vs Marykand national supremacy was created.






Miranda v Arizona: rights of here accused, self incrimination
Sentence: The Miranda vs Arizona court case gave individuals accused of crime more
rights.





Mapp v Ohio: warentless search and exclusionary rule
Sentence: The police department now has the right to search a property without a
warrant because of the Mapp vs ohio case.

Gideon v wainwright: right to council
Sentence: The case Gideon vs Wainwright the established the right to
council.








Dred Scott v Sandford: slaves equal property
Sentence: Slaves now all have equal property because of the Dred Scott vs Sandford
court case.







Gibbons v Ogden: commerce clause and states rights
Sentence: States were given rights after the Gibbons vs Ogden case.







Tinker v DesMoines: symbolic speech
Sentence: Tinker vs DesMoines gave students constitutional rights in public schools.







Hazelwood v Kuhlmeier: student speech
Sentence: The hazelwood vs Kuhlmeier was decided upon the rst
ammendment.









Texas v Johnson: symbolic speech
Sentence: Texas vs Johnson created that law that the American ag is to never be
burned.




Regents v bakke: Afrmative action
Sentence: Regents vs bakke made the law that an individual can
not be admitted or denied into a college solely because of their race.






Korematsu v United States: equal protection
Sentence: Equal protection because am importance after the ruling of the Koremarsu vs
United States case.








Engel v Vitale: prayer and the wall of separation
Sentence: In the case engel vs vitale a voluntary prayer was now permitted.







Gitlow v New York: speech and incorporation of the rst to the states
Sentence: In the case Gitlow vs New York represented an individuals freedom of
speech.






Lemon v Kurtzman: separation of church and state
Sentence: After the case Lemon vs Kurtzman the "lemon test" was created.