Seminar Report Blue Brain

CONTENTS:
1. Introduction
2. What is blue brain
!. What is "irtual brain
# . Wh$ %e need "irtual brain
&. 'unction o( brain
). Brain Simulation
*. +ard%are and so(t%are re,uirement
-. Current research %or.
/. 0d"anta1e and disad"anta1e
12. Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
+uman brain3 the most "aluable creation o( 4od. The man is called intelli1ent because o( the brain
.Toda$ %e are de"eloped because %e can thin.3 that other animals can not do .But %e loss the
.no%led1e o( a brain %hen the bod$ is destro$ed a(ter the death o( man. That .no%led1e mi1ht ha"e
been used (or the de"elopment o( the human societ$. What happen i( %e create a brain and up load the
contents o( natural brain into it.
5Blue brain6 7The name o( the %orld8s (irst "irtual brain. That means a machine that can (unction as
human brain. Toda$ scientists are in research to create an arti(icial brain that can thin.3 response3 ta.e
decision3 and .eep an$thin1 in memor$. The main aim is to upload human brain into machine. So that
man can thin.3 ta.e decision %ithout an$ e((ort. 0(ter the death o( the bod$3 the "irtual brain %ill act as
the man .So3 e"en a(ter the death o( a person %e %ill not loose the .no%led1e3 intelli1ence3
personalities3 (eelin1s and memories o( that man that can be used (or the de"elopment o( the human
societ$. No one has e"er understood the comple9it$ o( human brain. It is comple9 than an$ circuitr$
in the %orld. So3 ,uestion ma$ arise 5Is it reall$ possible to create a human brain6 The ans%er is
5:es6. Because %hat e"er man has created toda$ al%a$s he has (ollo%ed the nature. When man does
not ha"e a de"ice called computer3 it %as a bi1 ,uestion (or all .But toda$ it is possible due to the
technolo1$. Technolo1$ is 1ro%in1 (aster than e"er$ thin1. IB; is no% in research to create a "irtual
brain. It is called 5Blue brain 5.I( possible3 this %ould be the (irst "irtual brain o( the %orld.
What is Blue brain?
The IB; is no% de"elopin1 a "irtual brain .no%n as the Blue brain. It %ould be the
%orld8s (irst "irtual brain. With in !2 $ears3 %e %ill be able to scan oursel"es into the
computers. Is this the be1innin1 o( eternal li(e
What is Virtual Brain?
We can sa$ <irtual brain is an arti(icial brain3 %hich does not actuall$ the natural brain3
but can act as the brain .It can thin. li.e brain3 ta.e decisions based on the past e9perience3 and
response as the natural brain can. It is possible b$ usin1 a super computer3 %ith a hu1e amount o(
stora1e capacit$3 processin1 po%er and an inter(ace bet%een the human brain and this arti(icial
one .Throu1h this inter(ace the data stored in the natural brain can be up loaded into the
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Seminar Report Blue Brain
computer .So the brain and the .no%led1e3 intelli1ence o( an$one can be .ept and used (or e"er3
e"en a(ter the death o( the person.
Why we need virtual brain?
Toda$ %e are de"eloped because o( our intelli1ence. Intelli1ence is the inborn ,ualit$ that
can not be created .Some people ha"e this ,ualit$ 3so that the$ can thin. up to such an e9tent
%here other can not reach .+uman societ$ is al%a$s need o( such intelli1ence and such an
intelli1ent brain to ha"e %ith. But the intelli1ence is lost alon1 %ith the bod$ a(ter the death. The
"irtual brain is a solution to it. The brain and intelli1ence %ill ali"e e"en a(ter the death.
We o(ten (ace di((iculties in rememberin1 thin1s such as people=s names3 their birthda$s3
and the spellin1s o( %ords3 proper 1rammar3 important dates3 histor$ (acts3 and etcetera. In the
bus$ li(e e"er$ one %ant to be rela9ed .Can not %e use an$ machine to assist (or all these
<irtual brain ma$ be the solution to it. What i( %e upload oursel"es into computer3 %e %ere
simpl$ a%are o( a computer3 or ma$be3 %hat i( %e li"ed in a computer as a pro1ram
How it is possible?
'irst3 it is help(ul to describe the basic manners in %hich a person ma$ be uploaded into a
computer. Ra$mond >ur?%eil recentl$ pro"ided an interestin1 paper on this topic. In it3 he
describes both in"asi"e and nonin"asi"e techni,ues. The most promisin1 is the use o( "er$ small
robots3 or nanobots. These robots %ill be small enou1h to tra"el throu1hout our circulator$
s$stems. Tra"elin1 into the spine and brain3 the$ %ill be able to monitor the acti"it$ and structure
o( our central ner"ous s$stem. The$ %ill be able to pro"ide an inter(ace %ith computers that is as
close as our mind can be %hile %e still reside in our biolo1ical (orm. Nanobots could also
care(ull$ scan the structure o( our brain3 pro"idin1 a complete readout o( the connections
bet%een each neuron. The$ %ould also record the current state o( the brain. This in(ormation3
%hen entered into a computer3 could then continue to (unction as us. 0ll that is re,uired is a
computer %ith lar1e enou1h stora1e space and processin1 po%er. Is the pattern and state o(
neuron connections in our brain trul$ all that ma.es up our conscious sel"es ;an$ people
belie"e (irml$ those %e posses a soul3 %hile some "er$ technical people belie"e that ,uantum
(orces contribute to our a%areness. But %e ha"e to no% thin. technicall$. Note3 ho%e"er3 that %e
need not .no% ho% the brain actuall$ (unctions3 to trans(er it to a computer. We need onl$ .no%
the media and contents. The actual m$ster$ o( ho% %e achie"ed consciousness in the (irst place3
or ho% %e maintain it3 is a separate discussion.
Reall$ this concept appears to be "er$ di((icult and comple9 to us. 'or this %e ha"e
to (irst .no% ho% the human brain actuall$ %or.s.
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Seminar Report Blue Brain
How the natural brain wors?
The human abilit$ to (eel3 interpret and e"en see is controlled3 in computer li.e calculations3 b$
the ma1ical ner"ous s$stem. :es3 the ner"ous s$stem is ,uite li.e ma1ic because %e can=t see it3
but its %or.in1 throu1h electric impulses throu1h $our bod$.
One o( the %orlds most @intricatel$ or1ani?ed@ electron mechanisms is the ner"ous s$stem. Not
e"en en1ineers ha"e come close to ma.in1 circuit boards and computers as delicate and precise
as the ner"ous s$stem. To understand this s$stem3 one has to .no% the three simple (unctions
that it puts into action: sensor$ input3 inte1ration3 motor output.
!ensory input"
When our e$es see somethin1 or our hands touch a %arm sur(ace3 the sensor$ cells3 also .no%n
as Neurons3 send a messa1e strai1ht to $our brain. This action o( 1ettin1 in(ormation (rom $our
surroundin1 en"ironment is called sensor$ input because %e are puttin1 thin1s in $our brain b$
%a$ o( $our senses.
Inte#ration"
Inte1ration is best .no%n as the interpretation o( thin1s %e ha"e (elt3 tasted3 and touched %ith
our sensor$ cells3 also .no%n as neurons3 into responses that the bod$ reco1ni?es. This process is
all accomplished in the brain %here man$3 man$ neurons %or. to1ether to understand the
en"ironment.
$otor Output"
Once our brain has interpreted all that %e ha"e learned3 either b$ touchin13 tastin13 or usin1 an$
other sense3 then our brain sends a messa1e throu1h neurons to e((ecter cells3 muscle or 1land
cells3 %hich actuall$ %or. to per(orm our re,uests and act upon our en"ironment. The %ord
motor output is easil$ remembered i( one should thin. that our puttin1 somethin1 out into the
en"ironment throu1h the use o( a motor3 li.e a muscle %hich does the %or. (or our bod$.
+o% %e see3 hear3 (eel3 smell3 and ta.e decision:
Nose
Once the smell o( (ood has reached $our nose3 %hich is lined %ith hairs3 it tra"els to an ol(actor$
bulb3 a set o( sensor$ ner"es. The ner"e impulses tra"el throu1h the ol(actor$ tract3 around3 in a
circular %a$3 the thalamus3 and (inall$ to the smell sensor$ corte9 o( our brain3 located bet%een
our e$e and ear3 %here it is interpreted to be understood and memori?ed b$ the bod$.
%ye
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Seminar Report Blue Brain
Seein1 is one o( the most pleasin1 senses o( the ner"ous s$stem. This cherished action primaril$
conducted b$ the lens3 %hich ma1ni(ies a seen ima1e3 "itreous disc3 %hich bends and rotates an
ima1e a1ainst the retina3 %hich translates the ima1e and li1ht b$ a set o( cells. The retina is at the
bac. o( the e$e ball %here rods and cones structure alon1 %ith other cells and tissues co"ert the
ima1e into ner"e impulses %hich are transmitted alon1 the optic ner"e to the brain %here it is
.ept (or memor$.
Ton#ue
0 set o( microscopic buds on the ton1ue di"ide e"er$thin1 %e eat and drin. into (our .inds o(
taste: bitter3 sour3 salt$3 and s%eet. These buds ha"e taste pores3 %hich con"ert the taste into a
ner"e impulse and send the impulse to the brain b$ a sensor$ ner"e (iber. Apon recei"in1 the
messa1e3 our brain classi(ies the di((erent .inds o( taste. This is ho% %e can re(er the taste o( one
.ind o( (ood to another.
%ar
Once the sound or sound %a"e has entered the drum3 it 1oes to a lar1e structure called the
cochlea. In this snail li.e structure3 the sound %a"es are di"ided into pitches. The "ibrations o(
the pitches in the cochlea are measured b$ the Corti. This or1an transmits the "ibration
in(ormation to a ner"e3 %hich sends it to the brain (or interpretation and memor$.
B: BR0IN SI;AC0TION:B
No% the ,uestion is ho% to implement this entire natural thin1 b$ usin1 arti(icial thin1s.+ere is a
comparati"e discussion.
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Seminar Report Blue Brain
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&' IN(UT
In the ner"ous s$stem in our bod$ the neurons
are responsible (or the messa1e passin1. The
bod$ recei"es the input b$ the sensor$ cells.
These sensor$ cells produces electric impulses
%hich are recei"ed b$ the neurons .The neurons
trans(er these electric impulses to the brain.
)' INT%R(R%T*TION
The electric impulses recei"ed b$ the brain (rom
the neurons are interpreted in the brain .The
interpretation in the brain is accomplished b$ the
means o( certain states o( man$ man$ neurons.
+' OUT(UT
Based on the states o( the neurons the brain
sends the electric impulses representin1 the
responses %hich are (urther recei"ed b$ the
sensor$ cell o( our bod$ to respond. The sensor$
cells o( %hich part o( our bod$ is 1oin1 to
recei"e that3 it depends upon the state o ( the
neurons in the brain at that time.
&'IN(UT
In a similar %a$ the arti(icial ner"ous s$stem can
be created. The scientist has alread$ created
arti(icial neurons b$ replacin1 them %ith the
silicon chip. It has also been tested that these
neurons can recei"e the input (rom the sensor$
cells .So3 the electric impulses (rom the sensor$
cells can be recei"ed throu1h these arti(icial
neurons and send to a super computer (or the
interpretation.
)'INT%R(R%T*TION
The interpretation o( the electric impulses
recei"ed b$ the arti(icial neuron can be done b$
means o( a set o( re1ister .The di((erent "alues in
these re1ister %ill represent di((erent states o( the
brain.

+' OUT(UT
Similarl$ based on the states o( the re1ister the
output si1nal can be 1i"en to the arti(icial
neurons in the bod$ %hich %ill be recei"ed b$
the sensor$ cell.
Seminar Report Blue Brain
Natural Brain Simulated Brain
No% there is no ,uestion ho% the "irtual brain %ill %or. .But the ,uestion is ho% the human
brain %ill be up loaded into it . This is also possible due to the (irst 1ro%in1 technolo1$.
Uploadin# hu,an brain"
The uploadin1 is possible b$ the use o( small robots .no%n as the Nanobots .These robots are
small enou1h to tra"el throu1h out our circulator$ s$stem. Tra"elin1 into the spine and brain3
the$ %ill be able to monitor the acti"it$ and structure o( our central ner"ous s$stem. The$ %ill be
able to pro"ide an inter(ace %ith computers that is as close as our mind can be %hile %e still
reside in our biolo1ical (orm. Nanobots could also care(ull$ scan the structure o( our brain3
pro"idin1 a complete readout o( the connections. This in(ormation3 %hen entered into a
computer3 could then continue to (unction as us. Thus the data stored in the entire brain %ill be
uploaded into the computer.
CURR%NT R%!%*RCH WOR-
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.' $%$OR/.
There are certain neurons in our brain %hich
represent certain states permanentl$. When
re,uired these state is interpreted b$ our
brain and %e can remember the past thin1s.
To remember thin1 %e (orce the neurons to
represent certain states o( the brain
permanentl$ or (or an$ interestin1 or serious
matter this is happened implicitl$.
0' (ROC%!!IN1
When %e ta.e decision3 thin. about
somethin13 or ma.e an$ computation3
Co1ical and arithmetic calculations are done
in our neural circuitr$ .The past e9perience
stored and the current input recei"ed are
used and the states o( certain neurons are
chan1ed to 1i"e the output .
.' $%$OR/
It is not impossible to store the data
permanentl$ b$ usin1 the secondar$
memor$ .In the similar %a$ the
re,uired states o( the re1isters can be
stored permanentl$. 0nd %hen
re,uired these in(ormation can be
retrie"ed and used.
0' (ROC%!!IN1
In a similar %a$ the decision ma.in1
can be done b$ the computer b$
usin1 some stored states and the
recei"ed input and b$ per(ormin1
some arithmetic and lo1ical
calculations .
Seminar Report Blue Brain
1. IB;3 in partnership %ith scientists at S%it?erland=s Ecole Dol$techni,ue 'ederale de
Causanne=s EED'CF Brain and ;ind Institute %ill be1in simulatin1 the brain=s biolo1ical s$stems
and output the data as a %or.in1 !Bdimensional model that %ill recreate the hi1hBspeed electroB
chemical interactions that ta.e place %ithin the brain=s interior. These include co1niti"e (unctions
such as lan1ua1e3 learnin13 perception and memor$ in addition to brain mal(unction such as
ps$chiatric disorders li.e depression and autism. 'rom there3 the modelin1 %ill e9pand to other
re1ions o( the brain and3 i( success(ul3 shed li1ht on the relationships bet%een 1enetic3 molecular
and co1niti"e (unctions o( the brain.
NEWS: The EPFL Blue Gene was the 8th fastest supercomputer in the world
2.
Researchers at ;icroso(t=s ;edia Dresence Cab are de"elopin1 a @"irtual brain3@ a DCBbased
database that holds a record o( an indi"idual=s complete li(e e9perience. Called ;$Ci(eBits3 the
proGect aims to ma.e this database o( human memories searchable in the manner o( a
con"entional search en1ine. @B$ 22#*3 almost all in(ormation %ill be in c$berspace includin1 all
.no%led1e and creati"e %or.s3 said one o( the proGect=s leaders3 4ordon Bell.
!.
0ccordin1 to the ne% scientist ;a1a?ine report Rodri1o CaGe and 4abriel ;indlin o( the
Ani"ersit$ o( Buenos 0ires in 0r1entina ha"e de"ised a computer model o( a re1ion o( the brain
called the R0 nucleus %hich controls muscles in the lun1s and "ocal (olds.

The model brain can accuratel$ echo the son1 o( a South 0merican sparro%. The bird sin1
b$ (orcin1 air (rom their lun1s past (olds o( tissue in the "oice bo9. The electric impulses (rom
the brain that (orce the lun1s had been recorded and %hen the e,ui"alent impulses %ere passed to
the computer model o( the lun1s o( the bird it be1ins to sin1 li.e the bird.
;r. ;indlin told the %ee.l$ science ma1a?ine he %as surprised that simple instructions
(rom the brain chan1e a constant si1nal into a comple9 series o( bursts to produce the intricacies
o( birdson1.
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Seminar Report Blue Brain
+e plans to add more brain po%er to his model %hich mi1ht re"eal ho% birds impro"e their
son1s and learn them (rom other birds.
+e hopes it mi1ht one da$ be possible to use similar models to map the neural HbrainI
circuitr$ o( animals %ithout distressin1 lab e9periments B Gust b$ recordin1 their calls and
mo"ements3 the ma1a?ine said.
*DV*NT*1%! *ND 2I$IT*TION
0d"anta1es:
1. We can remember thin1s %ithout an$ e((ort.
2. Jecision can be made %ithout the presence o( a person.
!. E"en a(ter the death o( a man his intelli1ence can be used.
#. The acti"it$ o( di((erent animals can be understood. That means b$ interpretation o( the
electric impulses (rom the brain o( the animals3 their thin.in1 can be understood easil$.
&. It %ould allo% the dea( to hear "ia direct ner"e stimulation3 and also be help(ul (or man$
ps$cholo1ical diseases. B$ do%n loadin1 the contents o( the brain that %as uploaded into the
computer3 the man can 1et rid (rom the mad ness.
Disadvanta#es"
'urther3 there are man$ ne% dan1ers these technolo1ies %ill open. We %ill be susceptible to ne%
(orms o( harm.
1. We become dependent upon the computer s$stems.
2. Others ma$ use technical .no%led1e a1ainst us.
!. Computer "iruses %ill pose an increasin1l$ critical threat.
#. The real threat3 ho%e"er3 is the (ear that people %ill ha"e o( ne% technolo1ies. That (ear ma$
culminate in a lar1e resistance. Clear e"idence o( this t$pe o( (ear is (ound toda$ %ith respect to
human clonin1.
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Seminar Report Blue Brain
H*RDW*R% *ND !O3TW*R% R%4UIR$%NT

1. 0 super computer.
2. ;emor$ %ith a "er$ lar1e storin1 capacit$.
!. Drocessor %ith a "er$ hi1h processin1 po%er.
#. 0 "er$ %ide net%or..
&. 0 pro1ram to con"ert the electric impulses (rom the brain to input si1nal3 %hich is to be
recei"ed b$ the computer3 and "ice "ersa.
). <er$ po%er(ul Nanobots to act as the inter(ace bet%een the natural brain and the computer
CONC2U!ION
In conclusion3 %e %ill be able to trans(er oursel"es into computers at some point. ;ost
ar1uments a1ainst this outcome are seemin1l$ eas$ to circum"ent. The$ are either simple
minded3 or simpl$ re,uire (urther time (or technolo1$ to increase. The onl$ serious threats raised
are also o"ercome as %e note the combination o( biolo1ical and di1ital technolo1ies.
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