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4. What is the role of religious beliefs, both historically and today, in the conflict
and how are they linked to violence?
It is difficult to assess the role that Muslims play in the Jewish faith
because Islam did not start until after 610 AD which was when the Prophet
Mohammad received his first revelation from God, far after the start of Judaism.
Since the Quran was comprised after the Torah, there is mention of Jews in the
Islamic holy text. Jews are respected as people of the book, however the
message God gave them was corrupted and changed over time. While there are
acceptance of Jesus as true prophet or the idea of hell, there are many
similarities that people seem to forget. One could say that Jews and Muslims
share many beliefs that play a role in their daily lives, such as not consuming
pork and eating kosher or halal. The first Jews and Christians were from the land
that is now Israel or Palestine, so one can see why this region is so significant.
which two – Judaism and Christianity – had their origin here, whilst the third,
Arab-Jewish Unity, 13). Muslims accept that Jerusalem is the site where the
prophet Jesus ascended into heaven. Before the Muslims began going to Mecca
for the Hajj pilgrimage, which is one of the five pillars of Islam they would go
Jerusalem because it was the site of the first Qibla. The Dome of the Rock was
compete with the several churches in Jerusalem during the late 7th century.
Jerusalem is referred to several times in both the Old Testament and the
New Testament bible, which explains why both Jews and Christians find it
sacred. Christians find this land to be holy because it was where Jesus was
taken as a child and it was where he did most of his preaching and healing.
Before his death Jesus had a Passover meal with his disciples, which later
became known as the last supper, where he shared his vision that he would be
betrayed by one of these men. Soon after Jesus was crucified in outskirts of
Jerusalem.
Today we mostly hear Jerusalem being linked to the Jewish faith; this is of
course because it has become a major reason for the Zionist movement. Many
feel that the words Jerusalem and Zion are interchangeable in the Old
Testament. Jewish temples usually face the direction of Jerusalem and many
Jews pray in this direction wherever they may be just as Muslims used to at one
point because they began facing the Kaaba in Mecca. Jews have considered
Jerusalem the center of the Jewish faith for over 3,000 years since David’s
conquest of the land, when it used to be the capital of Judea. The power to run
While it may be easy to see how each of the religions has a part of their
history in the land that is now Palestine or Israel, it is more difficult to understand
how religion has impacted the current situation today. While the conflict is over
land, it is over holy land which makes everything more complicated. Each group
feels they rightfully belong to the land. While in recent years we have seen even
more violence break out from both sides, we must keep in mind that this is not
know to be false. For example the term Jihad has been mentioned many times in
connection with the violence in the Middle East. What is Jihad? The Holy Koran
uses the term Jihad many times to describe different struggles, whether it be a
struggle to stand up for one’s faith against other forces or the struggle in our
souls to remain pure. The Prophet Mohammad has been quoted discussing
these two types of Jihad in the Hadith. One if the Jihad we face within ourselves,
the struggle we have to choose right over wrong. The other Jihad has been
throughout the Middle East, this definition is the fight to defend Islam against
those that wish to destroy it. The Koran mentions that those that fight to defend
their religion will receive greater rewards than those that sit at home, yet this can
be interpreted in many ways. For one, defending Islam does not necessarily
mean using violence which is what extremists usually turn to. Many Muslims
believe this verse in the Koran applies to many situations, for example if one
were to say something wrong about Islam then it is a Muslim’s duty to correct
them and defend their religion; in some ways this is seen as a form of Jihad, a
struggle to stand up for one’s faith. One cannot blame the media for not
portraying the most accurate definition of Jihad, because suicide bombers and
terrorists refer to this word themselves as a reason for their crimes. Yet anybody
that research Islam would know that the Koran preaches against violence, and
the Prophet Mohammad emphasized that Muslims should strive for peace. In
chapter 5 verse 32 of the Holy Koran it states “Anyone who has killed another
person it is as if he has killed the whole of mankind and anyone who saves one
life, it is as if he has saved the whole of mankind”. The Koran also forbids
suicide, saying that for those who commit it there will be no space for them in
paradise. Yet why is it that we never hear these quotes rather than the ones
about martyrs and the rewards that suicide bombers get for their sacrifice in the
name of Allah? It is because extremists have formed a new form of Islam, one
that has steered away from the path their holy book has paved.
Another role religion plays in this conflict is the difference between the “so
which is always clearly intertwined with religion. In Israel “religious law, or fiqh,
was updated to the “needs of modern times and deployed to “civilize” the
provinces.” (Levine, Overthrowing Geography,10) Yet one could argue that this is
just another way to make the Palestinian people seem more backward, even
though it is clear religion plays a role in the policies and decisions of both Israel
and Palestine. It seems there are “two Israels, one encompasses the ancient
culture and moral values of the Jewish people, defined by the Hebrew Scriptures”
(Carter, Palestine Peace Not Apartheid, 112) while the other is a strictly secular
government. Yet many Israeli’s argue that the country needs to be more secular.
One party in Knesset called “Balad” was in support of a more secular Israel and it
was banned from participating in the election by the central election committee,
however later this ban was overruled by the Supreme Court. All public holidays in
Israel are closely linked to Judaism. Yet if all this is true than why is Israel
considered to still be a secular state? One could say that this is a very clever way
for Israel to present themselves are more modern and responsible than the
Palestinians. While Palestine continues to be linked to Islam, Israel makes an
effort to separate their image from that of the Jewish faith in order to make this
conflict over land seem like it has nothing to do with their religion but rather with
politics. Making themselves only seem like a political entity and portraying the
the international community. This is why we learned in class that in a way Hamas
was a self-fulfilled prophecy for Israel, because how could they possibly
negotiate with violent religious extremists? (class notes, 11/04/09) Religion will
continue to play a role in this conflict over this land, like it has been from the
relates to all of this instead of relying on the definition of Islam from violent
conflict because the land is linked to all Abrahamic faiths not because the