Prepared by Mr.

SimKwang Yaw
1
NOTES AND FORMULAE ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS FORM 5
1. PROGRESSIONS
(a) Arithmetic Progression
Tn =a +(n 1)d
Sn = [2 ( 1) ]
2
n
a n d +
= [ ]
2
n
n
a T +
(b) Geometric Progression
Tn =ar
n 1


(1 )
1
n
n
a r
S
r

Sum to infinity

1
a
S
r

(c) General
Tn =Sn Sn 1
T1 =a =S1

2. INTEGRATION
(a)
1
1
n
n
x
x dx c
n
+
= +
+
}

(b)
1
( )
( )
( 1)
n
n
ax b
ax b dx c
n a
+
+
+ = +
+
}

(c) Rules of Integration:
(i) ( ) ( )
b b
a a
nf x dx n f x dx =
} }

(ii) ( ) ( )
a b
b a
f x dx f x dx =
} }

(iii)
( ) ( ) ( )
b c c
a b a
f x dx f x dx f x dx + =
} } }

(d) Area under a curve


A =
b
a
ydx
}
A =
b
a
xdy
}


(e) Volume of Revolution


2
b
a
V y dx =
}

2
b
a
V x dy =
}


3. VECTORS
(a) Triangle Law of Vector Addition

AC AB BC = +



(b) A, B and C are collinear if
AB BC =

where is a constant.
AB

and PQ

are parallel if
PQ AB =

where is a constant.

(c) Subtraction of Two Vectors

AB OB OA =


(d) Vectors in the Cartesian Plane

OA xi yj = +

Magnitude of

2 2
OA OA x y = = +


Prepared by Mr. SimKwang Yaw
2
Unit vector in the direction of OA

2 2

xi yj
r
r
r
x y
+
= =
+

4. TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

(a) Sign of trigonometric functions in the four
quadrants.


(b) Definition and Relation
sec x =
1
cosx
cosec x =
1
sinx

cot x =
1
tanx
tan x =
sin
cos
x
x

(c) Supplementary Angles
sin (90
o
x) = cos x
cot (90
o
x) =tan x

(d) Graphs of Trigonometric Function
(i) y =sin x

(ii) y =cos x

(iii) y =tan x


(iv) y =a sin nx

a =amplitude
n =number of cycles
(e) Basic Identities
(i) sin
2
x +cos
2
x =1
(ii) 1 +tan
2
x =sec
2
x
(iii) 1 +cot
2
x =cosec
2
x
(f) Addition Formulae
(i) sin (A B)
=sin A cos B cos A sin B
(ii) cos (A B)
=cos A cos B sin A sin B
(iii) tan (A B) =
tan tan
1 tan tan
A B
A B

(g) Double Angle Formulae
sin 2A =2 sin A cos A
cos 2A =cos
2
A sin
2
A
=2cos
2
A 1
=1 2sin
2
A
tan 2A =
2
2tan
1 tan
A
A

5. PROBABILITY
(a) Probability of Event A
P(A) =
( )
( )
n A
n S

(b) Probability of Complementary Event
P(A') =1 P(A)

(c) Probability of Mutually Exclusive Events
P(A or B) =P(A B) =P(A) +P(B)

(d) Probability of Independent Events
P(A and B) =P(A B) =P(A) P(B)

6. PROBABILTY DISTRIBUTION
(a) Binomial Distribution
P(X =r) =
n r n r
r
C p q


n =number of trials
p =probability of success
q =probability of failure
Mean =np
Standard deviation = npq

(b) Normal Distribution
Z =
X

Z =Standard Score
X =Normal Score
=mean =standard deviation

Acronym:
Add Sugar To Coffee
Prepared by Mr. SimKwang Yaw
3

(a) Normal Distribution Graph


P(Z <k) =1 P(Z >
k)

P(Z <-k) =P(Z >k)

P(Z >-k) =1 P(Z <-
k) =1 P(Z >k)

P(a <Z <b)
=P(Z >a) P(Z >b)

P(-b <Z <-a) =P(a <
Z <b) =P(Z >a)
P(Z >b)

P(- b <Z <a)
=1 P(z >b) P(Z >
a)

7. MOTION ALONG A STRAIGHT LINE
(a) Relation Between Displacement,
Velocity and Acceleration





(b) Condition and Implication:
Condition Implication
Returns to O
To the left of O
To the right of O
Maximum/Minimum
displacement
s =0
s <0
s >0
ds
dt
=0
Initial velocity
Uniform velocity
Moves to the left
Moves to the right
Stops/change
direction of motion
Maximum/Minimum
velocity
v when t =0
a =0
v <0
v >0
v =0

dv
dt
=0
Initial acceleration
Increasing speed
Decreasing speed
a when t =0
a >0
a <0

(c) Total Distance Travelled in the Period
0 t b Second
(i) If the particle does not stop in the
period of 0 t b seconds
Total distance travelled
=displacement at t =b second
(ii) If the particle stops in t =a second
when t =a is in the interval of 0 t
b second,
Total distance travelled in b second
=
0 a b a
S S S S +

vdt
}

adt
}