Model United Nations Illinois XIX | 1

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

March 14-16, 2014
Model United Nations Illinois XIX | 2
Dear Delegate,
We would like to welcome you to the 2013 Model United Nations Illinois. The directors for the
International Criminal Court this year are Akshaya Kumar and Olivia Park. Akshaya is currently
doing her undergraduate degree in Mechanical Engineering at the University of Illinois. This will
be her second year at MUNI as staff. Olivia is doing her undergraduate degree at UIUC as well,
studying Electrical and Computer Engineering. This will also be her second year at MUNI as
staff.

The cases brought to court this year are:
1. The Prosecutor vs. Germain Katanga (aka Simba) of the Democratic Republic of Congo
2. The Prosecutor vs. Benito Mussolini of Italy
3. The Prosecutor vs. Kim Jong Il of North Korea
4. The Prosecutor vs. Loki Laufeyson of Asgard
This guide is here to provide you with a starting point for your research. The ICC is a very small
committee and so requires a lot of active participation and a high level of engagement. The ICC
is set up differently compared to other committees. The country that you are assigned to has
no effect in committee; it is just a way for us to distinguish the delegates. For each case, the
prosecution and defense will have their witnesses brought forth and questioned. At the end
of each case the jury, which is you all, will be given time to go over the evidence and the case
details and come up with a final verdict.
If you have any questions or problems feel free to contact us. Good luck and see you all in April.
Sincerely,
Olivia Park Akshaya Kumar
ohpark2@illinois.edu akumar15@illinois.edu
Letter from the Directors
Model United Nations Illinois XIX | 3
I. Te Proecutor vs. Kim Jong Il
Te Accused
Kim Jong Il was born February 16, 1941. The son of Kim Il Sung and his first wife. After his
fathers death, Kim Jong Il took over and became the leader of the Workers Party of Korea, making
him the most powerful person in the country.
It is said that Kim Jong Il leads one of the most repressive governments in the world. There
is no freedom of press or political opposition. All aspects of life are controlled by the government.
From the beginning of his rule, Kim Jong Il has had a strict rule on labor and detention facilities
that are used to contain prisoners of war and citizens against the Democratic Peoples Republic
of Korea. According to the Human Rights Watch, there are over 200,000 people imprisoned
in camps where they are allegedly forced to work, are not provided with adequate food, and are
abused by the guards. These prison camps are controlled by the National Security Agency, which
directly reports to Kim Jong Il himself.
North Koreas cult-like culture forces the people of North Korea to worship Kim Jong Il. His
image is worshipped like that of a God. The Juche (Self-Reliance) ideology has elevated Kim
Jong Il and his father Kim Il Sung to such a level that they are seen as parallels to Jesus Christ and
God. This cult-like mentality gave Kim Jong Il the power to influence the population in whatever
way he pleases.
It is during his time as a ruler of North Korea that the International Criminal Court believes
Kim Jong Il allegedly committed crimes against humanity and war crimes.
Te Charge
1. Crimes Against Humanity
2. War Crimes
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Te Accused
Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini, a central figure in the emergence of fascism and the
former leader of the Italian National Fascist Party (INFP), was born on July 29, 1883 in Dovia di
Predappio, a small town in what was then called Emiglia-Romagna. Young Mussolini had a very
difficult temperament as a child. At the age of ten, he was expelled from his boarding school
due to reports of him stabbing one of his classmates with a knife.
In 1902, Mussolini moved to Switzerland, when he first started being involved in So-
cialist politics. Upon his return to Italy in 1904, he worked as a journalist for the socialist press,
writing in newspapers such as LAvvenire del Lavoratore and Avanti!, the official newspaper of
the Socialist Party. His fallout with the Socialist Party was due to his support for extreme na-
tionalism and Italys participation in World War I. He formed the INFP In 1919, shortly after his
radical change in ideology. Mussolini recruited many injured war veterans and organized them
in squads known as Black Shirts, whose main activities included attacking political opponents.
By 1922 Mussolini and the Black Shirts had gained considerable power, killed about 2,000 po-
litical opponents, and tortured many others.
The political unrest that hit Italy in 1922 prompted King Emmanuel III to ask Mussoli-
ni to form a new government as Prime Minister. He established this new fascist government
1925, when he became an official dictator. In 1935 he invaded Abyssinia, in modern-day Ethi-
opia, and made it part of the Italian Empire. He used poison gas illegally during this conquest.
He also authorized the use of concentration camps and poison gas in Libya, a former Italian
colony, to help put down a rebellion. He supported Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War
and cooperated with Nazi Germany to form the 1939 Pact of Steel. His association with Hitler
caused him to also put in anti-Jewish policies like Germanys.
He declared war on Britain and France, entering WWII In June 1940. He was defeat-
ed shortly after in East Africa and the Balkans. Mussolini was overthrown in July of 1943 and
imprisoned by his former Fascist Party colleagues, only to be rescued by the German Armed
Forces. Italian partisans recaptured him nonetheless in April 1945.

Charge
1. Crimes Against Humanity
2. Genocide
3. War Crimes
II. Te Proecutor vs. Benito Mussolini
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Te Accused
Germain Katanga was born on April 28th, 1978 in Mambassa, a part of the Ituri district. He
is the alleged commander of the Force de Resistance Patriotique en Ituri, also known as the FRPI.
He was arrested on March 10th, 2005 by the Congolese authorities and was officially handed
over to the International Criminal court on October 17th, 2007. He has been charged with seven
counts of war crimes and three crimes against humanity. The seven war crimes include the usage
of child soldiers, deliberately attacking civilian populations, willful killing, destruction of proper-
ty, pillaging, sexual slavery, and rape. The three crimes against humanity include murder, sexual
slavery, and rape. The ICC arrested Katanga based on an investigation that uncovered evidence
suggesting the FRPIs involvement in the Ituri conflict, where the FRPI carried out military oper-
ations targeting the Hema ethnicity. Furthermore, there is evidence that FRPI was involved in an
attack on the village of Bogoro in February of 2003, where the FRPI allegedly committed the
acts described above.
The Ituri conflict began in the summer of 1999 over disagreements related to the natural
resources available in Ituri. From August 2002 to May of 2003, an armed conflict took place in
Ituri which many local armed groups and neighboring states took part in. Katanga is said to have
committed the crimes stated above during this conflict.
The attack on the village of Bogoro was directed at both the military camp located in the
village as well as the civilian population. The combatants of the FRPI, who were predominantly
of the Lendu and Ngiti ethnicity, intended to wipe out the Hema population. The primary goal
of this attack was to secure control over this village as it was a main trading route to Bunia. Many
of the crimes state above were allegedly committed during this attack as well.
Te Charge
1. War Crimes
2. Crimes Against Humanity
III. Proecutor vs. Germain Katanga
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Te Accused
Loki Laufeyson is prince of Asgard and adopted son of Odin and Frigga. He is the god of
mischief.
During the war against the Frost Giants and their leader Laufey, Loki discovers that he
is the biological son of Laufey. Amidst all the chaos, with Thor being sent to Earth and Odin
going into a coma, Loki seizes the throne of Asgard. Loki offers Laufey the chance to kill Odin
and steal the Casket of Ancient Winters. During this time Sif, Volstagg, Fandral, and Hogun, all
friends of Thor, attempted to save him from his exile on Earth. Loki, hearing about the plan,
sends the automaton Destroyer. Back in Asgard, Loki defeats and kills Laufey in an attempt to
win Odins approval. Thor arrives and attempts to stop Lokis destruction of the Bifrost Bridge.
After the destruction of the bridge, Odin wakes up and saves both Loki and Thor from the
abyss that was created from the destruction. Loki falls when his pleas are unheard by Odin.
Loki later encounters the leader of the extraterrestrial race known as the Chitauri. They
make a plan to give Loki an army in exchange for the Tesseract. Loki reaches Earth through
the wormhole created by the Tesseract and takes Doctor Selvig and Clint Barton. Loki creates
a distraction in order to obtain more Iridium, an element that would stabilize the Tesseract. In
turn he is captured by S.H.I.E.L.D. agents and is held captive. Doctor Selvig and Clint Barton
are enslaved by Loki and are used to create a distraction in order to free Loki. Using the power
from Stark Towers Loki creates a wormhole above New York City to unite his Chitauri army and
launches his attack on Earth. However, the Avengers succeed in destroying his army and Loki is
taken back to Asgard along with the Tesseract.
The International Criminal Court has arrested Loki based on the crimes he committed
during his time on Earth.
Te Charge
1. Crimes Against Humanity
2. Murder
3. War Crimes
- Deliberately Attacking Civilian Populations
- Destruction of Property
- Pillaging
4. Genocide
IV. Proecutor vs. Loki Laufeyson