The chemical tanker GINGA FALCON on

the Columbia River showing an

Independent one tank / one pump system.
Chemical tanker fleet in 2006
The deck of a chemical tanker has a
complicated piping system. This is the
Saudi chemical tanker of 43,851 metric
tons deadweight (DWT) 1986 Built Al
Farabi, carrying molasses, in Brest.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A chemical tanker is a type of tanker ship designed to transport
chemicals in bulk. As defined in MARPOL Annex II, chemical
tanker means a ship constructed or adapted for carrying in bulk any
liquid product listed in chapter 17 of the International Bulk Chemical
Code.
[1]
Oceangoing chemical tankers range from 5,000 metric tons
deadweight (DWT) to 35,000 DWT in size, which is smaller than the
average size of other tanker types due to the specialized nature of
their cargo and the size restrictions of the port terminals where they
call to load and discharge.
Chemical tankers normally have a series of separate cargo tanks
which are either coated with specialized coatings such as phenolic
epoxy or zinc paint, or made from stainless steel. The coating or
cargo tank material determines what types of cargo a particular tank
can carry: stainless steel tanks are required for aggressive acid
cargoes such as sulfuric and phosphoric acid, while 'easier' cargoes
such as vegetable oil can be carried in epoxy coated tanks.
1 Classification
2 Main Characteristics of Chemical Tankers
3 See also
4 References
In general, ships carrying chemicals in bulk are classed into three
types:
1. A Type 1 ship is a chemical tanker intended to transport Chapter
17 of the IBC Code products with very severe environmental and
safety hazards which require maximum preventive measures to
preclude an escape of such cargo.
2. AType 2 ship is a chemical tanker intended to transport Chapter 17 of the IBC Code products with
appreciably severe environmental and safety hazards which require significant preventive measures to preclude
an escape of such cargo.
3. A Type 3 ship is a chemical tanker intended to transport Chapter 17 of the IBC Code products with
sc)
Chemical tanker - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_tanker
1 of 3 7/29/2014 9:59 PM
The MV Golden Nori at sea.
Wikimedia Commons has
media related to Chemical
tankers.
sufficiently severe environmental and safety hazards which require a
moderate degree of containment to increase survival capability in a
damaged condition.
[2]
Chemical tankers often have a system for tank heating in order to
maintain the viscosity of certain cargoes, typically by passing
pressurized steam through stainless steel 'heating coils' in the cargo
tanks, transferring heat into the cargo which circulates in the tank by
convection. Many modern chemical tankers feature double hull
construction and have one tank for each pump with separate piping, which means that each tank can load a
separate cargo without any mixing. Tank cleaning after discharging cargo is a very important aspect of chemical
tanker operations, because tanks which are not properly cleaned of all cargo residue can adversely affect the
purity of the next cargo loaded. Before tanks are cleaned, they must be properly ventilated and checked to be
free of potentially explosive gases. Chemical tankers usually have transverse stiffeners on deck rather than
inside the cargo tanks, in order to make the tank walls smooth and easier to clean by fitted tank cleaning
machines.
Cargo tanks, either empty or filled, are normally protected against explosion by inert gas blankets. Often
nitrogen is the inert gas used, supplied either from portable gas bottles or an inert gas generator (IGS) system.
Most new chemical tankers are built by shipbuilders in J apan, Korea or China, with other builders in Turkey,
Italy, Germany and Poland. J apanese shipbuilders now account for the large majority of stainless steel chemical
tankers built, as welding stainless steel to the accuracy required for cargo tank construction is a skill which is
difficult to acquire.
The chemical tanker market is dominated by several major chemical tanker operators, including Stolt-
Nielsen,
[3]
Navig8 Chemicals, Odfjell, Eitzen Chemical, Nordic Tankers,
[4]
Tokyo Marine and Berlian Laju
Tanker. Charterers, the end users of the ships, include oil majors and specialist chemical companies.
Ship transport
List of tankers
^ [MARPOL Annex II, Chapter I, Regulation 1] 1.
^ [IBC Code, Chapter 2, 2.1 General] 2.
^ Stolt-Nielsen Career (http://www.edumaritime.com/shipping-logistics-career/stolt-nielsen-limited-snl-stolt-tankers-
stolthaven-terminals-hq-at-london-rotterdam)
3.
^ Chemical Tanker Trainee & Cadet Training (http://www.edumaritime.com/shipping-logistics-career/nordic-tankers-
a/s-hq-at-copenhagen-denmark)
4.
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chemical_tanker&oldid=616495770"
Chemical tanker - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_tanker
2 of 3 7/29/2014 9:59 PM
Categories: Chemical tankers Ship types
This page was last modified on 11 J uly 2014 at 08:08.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may
apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipediais a registered
trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Chemical tanker - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_tanker
3 of 3 7/29/2014 9:59 PM