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Notes on The structural transformation of the public sphere V-VII

Only this dialectic of a progresive societalization of the state simultaneously with an


increasing stateification of society gradually destroyed the basis of the burgeois public
sphere -the separation of state and society !"#$
The downfall of a public sphere% demonstrated by its changing political functions& & &had
its source in the structural transformation of the relationship between the public sphere
and the private realm in general !"#-'$
On the disappearance of the public sphere because of the prevasiveness of the laws of the
mar(et and social labor)
the individuated satisfaction of needs might be achieved in a public fashion& & &in the
company of many others* but a public sphere itself did not emerge from such a situation
!+!$
,hen the laws of the mar(et governing the sphere of commodity e-change and of the
social labor also pervaded the sphere reserved for private people as a public% rational-
critical debate had a tendency to be replaced by consumption% and the web of public
communication unraveled into acts of individuated reception% however uniform in mode
!+!$
The deprivatized province of interiority was hollowed out by the mass media* a pseudo-
public sphere of a no longer literary public was patched together to create a sort of
suprafamilial zone of familiarity !+#$
legislation was supposed to be the result not of a political will% but of rational
agreement .#$
The society soley governed by the laws of the free mar(et presented itself not only as a
sphere free from domination but as one free from any (ind of coercion& & &such a society
remained subordinate to the mar(et/s non violent decisions% being the anonymous and% in
a certain waym autonomous outcome of the e-change process 01$
The role of criticism as a differentiating characteristic of the modern forms of publicity
2IT34
This society increasingly functionalizes its citizens for various public purposes% but it
privatizes them in their consciousness 5abermas 6td& in Outhwaite 0$
Cook, Deborah.
5abermas does not abandon the pro7ect of first generation critical theorists* he endorses
the criti6ue of e-isting conditions with the aim of contributing to what he sees as the
ongoing process of emancipatory enlightenment& & &5abermas also wants to ma(e use of
modernity/s ratinal potential as the basis for his social criticism !!#$
8or 5abermas% the process of rationalization has been beneficial in many respects& The
rationalization of everyday life not only contributes to enlightenment% it also serves to
counter the colonizing incursions of the economic and political systems 9$
3ccording to 5abermas% rational critical debate had been superseded by the
machinations of special interest groups% political parties and public administration* these
institutions generate nonpublic opinion that substitutes for opinion-formation in the
public sphere #$
3dorno and 5abermas lay claim to the tradition of critical theory in their concern for
establishing what 5or(heimer once described as reasonable conditions of life) an
association of free individuals in which each en7oys the same possibilities for self-
realiation and self-determination as all the rest !$
Pauline Johnson.
The idealized e-pectations of the public & & &have made possible) the constitutional and
welfare states% civil action directed at institutional reform% and the humanizing sociality of
multicultural societies that see( both the e-pansion of understanding between% and the
increased self-understainding of% private individuals !!$
On the phenomena as a social endeavor)
Open to a new sense of themultiplicity of concrete personalities and commited also to
building solidarities able to contest the authority of traditional ties% the ambitions of an
aspiring bourgeoisie first entrenched themselves in a range of cultural institutions& & &This
was a mode of interaction in which participants undertoo( to conduct themselves without
regard for social stats% believing that the authority of the better argument should be
allowed to prevail !!-!#$
5e insists that an enlightenment commitment to rationality controlled futures also needs
to be appreciated as a commitment to opening our guiding purposes to proceses of
reflection and deliberation !"$
3 self directed future means not 7ust the effective pursuit of illusions of ttal control but
also a future that is guided by an inter-sub7ective will that has formed itself through
processes of critical scrutiny% deliberation% and negotiated concensus-building !"$
On his attraction to the potentialities of a public sphere based on democratic principles)
he was preoccupied by the 6uestion of how liberal democratic principles could be
rescued and radicalized in :ermany after the era of fascism !.-!1$
Lasse Thomassen&
Indeed% what used to be the site of rational-critical debate became the site of negotiation
of interests% although this negotiation was increasingly hidden behind the closed doors of
government% organizations and business& "9$
On the ;ecomposition of the public sphere for 5abermas)
Other aspects of this decomposition concerned the role of consumption and political
communication) rational-critical debat had a tendency to be replaced by consumption%
and the web of public communication unravelled into acts of individuated reception%
however uniform in mode Thomassen "9% 5abermas !+!$
On <efeudalization
2onsumption is individualized& & &although advertising is aimed at the masses% it is aimed
at the masses as made up of individual% priavet consumers who do not need to
communicat with one another in order to consume "9$&
8or me its not so much about it being an individualized function of private people but that
it generates acritical communication&
The public sphere not only become the generator for consumption% but its ob7ects =
opinions and information = themselves become ob7ects of consumption by individuals
who do not relate to them in a critical way "9$

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