Convention (IV) respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land and its annex:

Regulations concerning the Laws and Customs of War on Land. he !ague" #$

%cto&er #'().
State parties (36) * State signatories (15)
One of the purposes for which the First Hague Peace Conference of 1899 was convene was
!the revision of the ec"aration concerning the "aws an custo#s of war e"a$orate in 18%& $'
the Conference of (russe"s) an not 'et ratifie! (*ussian circu"ar note of 3+ ,ece#$er
1898)- .he Conference of 1899 succeee in aopting a Convention on "an warfare to which
*egu"ations are anne/e- .he Convention an the *egu"ations were revise at the Secon
0nternationa" Peace Conference in 19+%- .he two versions of the Convention an the
*egu"ations iffer on"' s"ight"' fro# each other-
Seventeen of the States which ratifie the 1899 Convention i not ratif' the 19+% version
(1rgentina) (u"garia) Chi"e) Co"u#$ia) 2cuaor) 3reece) 0ta"') 4orea) 5ontenegro) Paragua')
Persia) Peru) Ser$ia) Spain) .ur6e') 7rugua') 8ene9ue"a)- .hese States or their successor
States re#ain for#a""' $oun $' the 1899 Convention in their re"ations with the other parties
thereto- 1s $etween the parties to the 19+% Convention) this Convention has rep"ace the
1899 Convention (see 1rtic"e & of the 19+% Convention)-
.he provisions of the two Conventions on "an warfare) "i6e #ost of the su$stantive provisions
of the Hague Conventions of 1899 an 19+%) are consiere as e#$o'ing ru"es of
custo#ar' internationa" "aw- 1s such the' are a"so $ining on States which are not for#a""'
parties to the#-
0n 19&6 the :;re#$erg 0nternationa" 5i"itar' .ri$una" state with regar to the Hague
Convention on "an warfare of 19+%< !.he ru"es of "an warfare e/presse in the Convention
unou$te"' represente an avance over e/isting 0nternationa" =aw at the ti#e of their
aoption --- $ut $' 1939 these ru"es --- were recogni9e $' a"" civi"i9e nations an were
regare as $eing ec"arator' of the "aws an custo#s of war! (reprinte in 1>0=) 8o"- &1)
19&%) pp- ?&8@?&9)- .he 0nternationa" 5i"itar' .ri$una" for the Far 2ast e/presse) in 19&8) an
ientica" view-
.he ru"es e#$oie in the *egu"ations were part"' reaffir#e an eve"ope $' the two
Protoco"s 1itiona" to the 3eneva Conventions of 19&9 aopte in 19%%-

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Convention (IV) respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land and its annex:
Regulations concerning the Laws and Customs of War on Land. he !ague" #$
%cto&er #'().
(=ist of Contracting Parties)
Seeing that whi"e see6ing #eans to preserve peace an prevent ar#e conf"icts
$etween nations) it is "i6ewise necessar' to $ear in #in the case where the appea"
to ar#s has $een $rought a$out $' events which their care was una$"e to avertA
1ni#ate $' the esire to serve) even in this e/tre#e case) the interests of hu#anit'
an the ever progressive nees of civi"i9ationA
.hin6ing it i#portant) with this o$Bect) to revise the genera" "aws an custo#s of war)
either with a view to efining the# with greater precision or to confining the# within
such "i#its as wou" #itigate their severit' as far as possi$"eA
Have ee#e it necessar' to co#p"ete an e/p"ain in certain particu"ars the wor6 of
the First Peace Conference) which) fo""owing on the (russe"s Conference of 18%&)
an inspire $' the ieas ictate $' a wise an generous forethought) aopte
provisions intene to efine an govern the usages of war on "an-
1ccoring to the views of the High Contracting Parties) these provisions) the woring
of which has $een inspire $' the esire to i#inish the evi"s of war) as far as #i"itar'
reCuire#ents per#it) are intene to serve as a genera" ru"e of conuct for the
$e""igerents in their #utua" re"ations an in their re"ations with the inha$itants-
0t has not) however) $een foun possi$"e at present to concert regu"ations covering a""
the circu#stances which arise in practiceA
On the other han) the High Contracting Parties c"ear"' o not inten that unforeseen
cases shou") in the a$sence of a written unerta6ing) $e "eft to the ar$itrar'
Bug#ent of #i"itar' co##aners-
7nti" a #ore co#p"ete coe of the "aws of war has $een issue) the High Contracting
Parties ee# it e/peient to ec"are that) in cases not inc"ue in the *egu"ations
aopte $' the#) the inha$itants an the $e""igerents re#ain uner the protection
an the ru"e of the princip"es of the "aw of nations) as the' resu"t fro# the usages
esta$"ishe a#ong civi"i9e peop"es) fro# the "aws of hu#anit') an the ictates of
the pu$"ic conscience-
.he' ec"are that it is in this sense especia""' that 1rtic"es 0 an ? of the *egu"ations
aopte #ust $e unerstoo-
.he High Contracting Parties) wishing to conc"ue a fresh Convention to this effect)
have appointe the
fo""owing as their P"enipotentiaries<
(Here fo""ow the na#es of P"enipotentiaries)
Dho) after having eposite their fu"" powers) foun in goo an ue for#) have
agree upon the fo""owing<
1rtic"e 1- .he Contracting Powers sha"" issue instructions to their ar#e "an forces
which sha"" $e in confor#it' with the *egu"ations respecting the "aws an custo#s of
war on "an) anne/e to the present Convention-
1rt- ?- .he provisions containe in the *egu"ations referre to in 1rtic"e 1) as we"" as
in the present Convention) o not app"' e/cept $etween Contracting powers) an
then on"' if a"" the $e""igerents are parties to the Convention-
1rt- 3- 1 $e""igerent part' which vio"ates the provisions of the sai *egu"ations sha"") if
the case e#ans) $e "ia$"e to pa' co#pensation- 0t sha"" $e responsi$"e for a"" acts
co##itte $' persons for#ing part of its ar#e forces-
1rt- &- .he present Convention) u"' ratifie) sha"" as $etween the Contracting
Powers) $e su$stitute for the Convention of ?9 >u"' 1899) respecting the "aws an
custo#s of war on "an-
.he Convention of 1899 re#ains in force as $etween the Powers which signe it) an
which o not a"so ratif' the present Convention-
1rt- 5- .he present Convention sha"" $e ratifie as soon as possi$"e-
.he ratifications sha"" $e eposite at .he Hague-
.he first eposit of ratifications sha"" $e recore in a procEs@ver$a" signe $' the
*epresentatives of the Powers which ta6e part therein an $' the :ether"ans
5inister for Foreign 1ffairs-
.he su$seCuent eposits of ratifications sha"" $e #ae $' #eans of a written
notification) aresse to the :ether"ans 3overn#ent an acco#panie $' the
instru#ent of ratification-
1 u"' certifie cop' of the procEs@ver$a" re"ative to the first eposit of ratifications) of
the notifications #entione in the preceing paragraph) as we"" as of the instru#ents
of ratification) sha"" $e i##eiate"' sent $' the :ether"ans 3overn#ent) through the
ip"o#atic channe") to the powers invite to the Secon Peace Conference) as we""
as to the other Powers which have ahere to the Convention- 0n the cases
conte#p"ate in the preceing paragraph the sai 3overn#ent sha"" at the sa#e ti#e
infor# the# of the ate on which it receive the notification-
1rt- 6- :on@Signator' Powers #a' ahere to the present Convention-
.he Power which esires to ahere notifies in writing its intention to the :ether"ans
3overn#ent) forwaring to it the act of ahesion) which sha"" $e eposite in the
archives of the sai 3overn#ent-
.his 3overn#ent sha"" at once trans#it to a"" the other Powers a u"' certifie cop' of
the notification as we"" as of the act of ahesion) #entioning the ate on which it
receive the notification-
1rt- %- .he present Convention sha"" co#e into force) in the case of the Powers which
were a part' to the first eposit of ratifications) si/t' a's after the ate of the procEs@
ver$a" of this eposit) an) in the case of the Powers which ratif' su$seCuent"' or
which ahere) si/t' a's after the notification of their ratification or of their ahesion
has $een receive $' the :ether"ans 3overn#ent-
1rt- 8- 0n the event of one of the Contracting Powers wishing to enounce the present
Convention) the enunciation sha"" $e notifie in writing to the :ether"ans
3overn#ent) which sha"" at once co##unicate a u"' certifie cop' of the notification
to a"" the other Powers) infor#ing the# of the ate on which it was receive-
.he enunciation sha"" on"' have effect in regar to the notif'ing Power) an one 'ear
after the notification has reache the :ether"ans 3overn#ent-
1rt- 9- 1 register 6ept $' the :ether"ans 5inistr' for Foreign 1ffairs sha"" give the
ate of the eposit of ratifications #ae in virtue of 1rtic"e 5) paragraphs 3 an &) as
we"" as the ate on which the notifications of ahesion (1rtic"e 6) paragraph ?)) or of
enunciation (1rtic"e 8) paragraph 1) were receive-
2ach Contracting Power is entit"e to have access to this register an to $e supp"ie
with u"' certifie e/tracts-
0n faith whereof the P"enipotentiaries have appene their signatures to the present
Convention-
,one at .he Hague 18 Octo$er 19+%) in a sing"e cop') which sha"" re#ain eposite
in the archives of the :ether"ans 3overn#ent) an u"' certifie copies of which
sha"" $e sent) through the ip"o#atic channe" to the Powers which have $een invite
to the Secon Peace Conference-
(Here fo""ow signatures)
1::2F .O .H2 CO:82:.0O:
*237=1.0O:S *2SP2C.0:3 .H2 =1DS 1:, C7S.O5S OF D1* O: =1:,
S2C.0O: 0
O: (2==032*2:.S
CH1P.2* 0
.he Cua"ifications of $e""igerents
1rtic"e 1- .he "aws) rights) an uties of war app"' not on"' to ar#ies) $ut a"so to
#i"itia an vo"unteer
corps fu"fi""ing the fo""owing conitions<
1- .o $e co##ane $' a person responsi$"e for his su$orinatesA
?- .o have a fi/e istinctive e#$"e# recogni9a$"e at a istanceA
3- .o carr' ar#s open"'A an
&- .o conuct their operations in accorance with the "aws an custo#s of war-
0n countries where #i"itia or vo"unteer corps constitute the ar#') or for# part of it)
the' are inc"ue uner the eno#ination !ar#'-!
1rt- ?- .he inha$itants of a territor' which has not $een occupie) who) on the
approach of the ene#') spontaneous"' ta6e up ar#s to resist the invaing troops
without having ha ti#e to organi9e the#se"ves in accorance with 1rtic"e 1) sha"" $e
regare as $e""igerents if the' carr' ar#s open"' an if the' respect the "aws an
custo#s of war-
1rt- 3- .he ar#e forces of the $e""igerent parties #a' consist of co#$atants an
non@co#$atants- 0n the case of capture $' the ene#') $oth have a right to $e treate
as prisoners of war-
CH1P.2* 00
Prisoners of war
1rt- &- Prisoners of war are in the power of the hosti"e 3overn#ent) $ut not of the
iniviua"s or corps who capture the#-
.he' #ust $e hu#ane"' treate-
1"" their persona" $e"ongings) e/cept ar#s) horses) an #i"itar' papers) re#ain their
propert'-
1rt- 5- Prisoners of war #a' $e interne in a town) fortress) ca#p) or other p"ace) an
$oun not to go $e'on certain fi/e "i#itsA $ut the' cannot $e confine e/cept as in
inispensa$"e #easure of safet' an on"' whi"e the circu#stances which necessitate
the #easure continue to e/ist-
1rt- 6- .he State #a' uti"i9e the "a$our of prisoners of war accoring to their ran6 an
aptitue) officers e/cepte- .he tas6s sha"" not $e e/cessive an sha"" have no
connection with the operations of the war-
Prisoners #a' $e authori9e to wor6 for the pu$"ic service) for private persons) or on
their own account-
Dor6 one for the State is pai for at the rates in force for wor6 of a si#i"ar 6in one
$' so"iers of the nationa" ar#') or) if there are none in force) at a rate accoring to
the wor6 e/ecute-
Dhen the wor6 is for other $ranches of the pu$"ic service or for private persons the
conitions are sett"e in agree#ent with the #i"itar' authorities-
.he wages of the prisoners sha"" go towars i#proving their position) an the $a"ance
sha"" $e pai the# on their re"ease) after eucting the cost of their #aintenance-
1rt- %- .he 3overn#ent into whose hans prisoners of war have fa""en is charge with
their #aintenance-
0n the a$sence of a specia" agree#ent $etween the $e""igerents) prisoners of war
sha"" $e treate as regars $oar) "oging) an c"othing on the sa#e footing as the
troops of the 3overn#ent who capture the#-
1rt- 8- Prisoners of war sha"" $e su$Bect to the "aws) regu"ations) an orers in force in
the ar#' of the State in whose power the' are- 1n' act of insu$orination Bustifies the
aoption towars the# of such #easures of severit' as #a' $e consiere
necessar'-
2scape prisoners who are reta6en $efore $eing a$"e to reBoin their own ar#' or
$efore "eaving the territor' occupie $' the ar#' which capture the# are "ia$"e to
iscip"inar' punish#ent-
Prisoners who) after succeeing in escaping) are again ta6en prisoners) are not "ia$"e
to an' punish#ent on account of the previous f"ight-
1rt- 9- 2ver' prisoner of war is $oun to give) if he is Cuestione on the su$Bect) his
true na#e an ran6) an if he infringes this ru"e) he is "ia$"e to have the avantages
given to prisoners of his c"ass curtai"e-
1rt- 1+- Prisoners of war #a' $e set at "i$ert' on paro"e if the "aws of their countr'
a""ow) an) in such cases) the' are $oun) on their persona" honour) scrupu"ous"' to
fu"fi") $oth towars their own 3overn#ent an the 3overn#ent $' who# the' were
#ae prisoners) the engage#ents the' have contracte-
0n such cases their own 3overn#ent is $oun neither to reCuire of nor accept fro#
the# an' service inco#pati$"e with the paro"e given-
1rt- 11- 1 prisoner of war cannot $e co#pe""e to accept his "i$ert' on paro"eA si#i"ar"'
the hosti"e 3overn#ent is not o$"ige to accee to the reCuest of the prisoner to $e
set at "i$ert' on paro"e-
1rt- 1?- Prisoners of war "i$erate on paro"e an recapture $earing ar#s against the
3overn#ent to who# the' ha p"ege their honour) or against the a""ies of that
3overn#ent) forfeit their right to $e treate as prisoners of war) an can $e $rought
$efore the courts-
1rt- 13- 0niviua"s who fo""ow an ar#' without irect"' $e"onging to it) such as
newspaper corresponents an reporters) sut"ers an contractors) who fa"" into the
ene#'Gs hans an who# the "atter thin6s e/peient to etain) are entit"e to $e
treate as prisoners of war) provie the' are in possession of a certificate fro# the
#i"itar' authorities of the ar#' which the' were acco#pan'ing-
1rt- 1&- 1n inCuir' office for prisoners of war is institute on the co##ence#ent of
hosti"ities in each of the $e""igerent States) an) when necessar') in neutra" countries
which have receive $e""igerents in their territor'- 0t is the function of this office to
rep"' to a"" inCuiries a$out the prisoners- 0t receives fro# the various services
concerne fu"" infor#ation respecting intern#ents ari transfers) re"eases on paro"e)
e/changes) escapes) a#issions into hospita") eaths) as we"" as other infor#ation
necessar' to ena$"e it to #a6e out an 6eep up to ate an iniviua" return for each
prisoner of war- .he office #ust state in this return the regi#enta" nu#$er) na#e an
surna#e) age) p"ace of origin) ran6) unit) wouns) ate an p"ace of capture)
intern#ent) wouning) an eath) as we"" as an' o$servations of a specia" character-
.he iniviua" return sha"" $e sent to the 3overn#ent of the other $e""igerent after the
conc"usion of peace-
0t is "i6ewise the function of the inCuir' office to receive an co""ect a"" o$Bects of
persona" use) va"ua$"es) "etters) etc-) foun on the fie" of $att"e or "eft $' prisoners
who have $een re"ease on paro"e) or e/change) or who have escape) or ie in
hospita"s or a#$u"ances) an to forwar the# to those concerne-
1rt- 15- *e"ief societies for prisoners of war) which are proper"' constitute in
accorance with the "aws of their countr' an with the o$Bect of serving as the
channe" for charita$"e effort sha"" receive fro# the $e""igerents) for the#se"ves an
their u"' accreite agents ever' faci"it' for the efficient perfor#ance of their
hu#ane tas6 within the $ouns i#pose $' #i"itar' necessities an a#inistrative
regu"ations- 1gents of these societies #a' $e a#itte to the p"aces of intern#ent for
the purpose of istri$uting re"ief) as a"so to the ha"ting p"aces of repatriate prisoners)
if furnishe with a persona" per#it $' the #i"itar' authorities) an on giving an
unerta6ing in writing to co#p"' with a"" #easures of orer an po"ice which the "atter
#a' issue-
1rt- 16- 0nCuir' offices enBo' the privi"ege of free postage- =etters) #one' orers) an
va"ua$"es) as we"" as parce"s $' post) intene for prisoners of war) or ispatche $'
the#) sha"" $e e/e#pt fro# a"" posta" uties in the countries of origin an estination)
as we"" as in the countries the' pass through-
Presents an re"ief in 6in for prisoners of war sha"" $e a#itte free of a"" i#port or
other uties) as we"" as of pa'#ents for carriage $' the State rai"wa's-
1rt- 1%- Officers ta6en prisoners sha"" receive the sa#e rate of pa' as officers of
corresponing ran6 in the countr' where the' are etaine) the a#ount to $e
u"ti#ate"' refune $' their own 3overn#ent-
1rt- 18- Prisoners of war sha"" enBo' co#p"ete "i$ert' in the e/ercise of their re"igion)
inc"uing attenance at the services of whatever church the' #a' $e"ong to) on the
so"e conition that the' co#p"' with the #easures of orer an po"ice issue $' the
#i"itar' authorities-
1rt- 19- .he wi""s of prisoners of war are receive or rawn up in the sa#e wa' as for
so"iers of the nationa" ar#'-
.he sa#e ru"es sha"" $e o$serve regaring eath certificates as we"" as for the $uria"
of prisoners of war) ue regar $eing pai to their grae an ran6-
1rt- ?+- 1fter the conc"usion of peace) the repatriation of prisoners of war sha"" $e
carrie out as Cuic6"' as possi$"e-
CH1P.2* 000
.he sic6 an woune
1rt- ?1- .he o$"igations of $e""igerents with regar to the sic6 an woune are
governe $' the 3eneva Convention-
S2C.0O: 00
HOS.0=0.02S
CH1P.2* 0
5eans of inBuring the ene#') sieges) an $o#$ar#ents
1rt- ??- .he right of $e""igerents to aopt #eans of inBuring the ene#' is not un"i#ite-
1rt- ?3- 0n aition to the prohi$itions provie $' specia" Conventions) it is especia""'
for$ien
(a) .o e#p"o' poison or poisone weaponsA
($) .o 6i"" or woun treacherous"' iniviua"s $e"onging to the hosti"e nation or ar#'A
(c) .o 6i"" or woun an ene#' who) having "ai own his ar#s) or having no "onger
#eans of efence) has surrenere at iscretionA
() .o ec"are that no Cuarter wi"" $e givenA
(e) .o e#p"o' ar#s) proBecti"es) or #ateria" ca"cu"ate to cause unnecessar'
sufferingA
(f) .o #a6e i#proper use of a f"ag of truce) of the nationa" f"ag or of the #i"itar'
insignia an unifor# of the ene#') as we"" as the istinctive $ages of the 3eneva
ConventionA
(g) .o estro' or sei9e the ene#'Gs propert') un"ess such estruction or sei9ure $e
i#perative"' e#ane $' the necessities of warA
(h) .o ec"are a$o"ishe) suspene) or ina#issi$"e in a court of "aw the rights an
actions of the nationa"s of the hosti"e part'- 1 $e""igerent is "i6ewise for$ien to
co#pe" the nationa"s of the hosti"e part' to ta6e part in the operations of war irecte
against their own countr') even if the' were in the $e""igerentGs service $efore the
co##ence#ent of the war-
1rt- ?&- *uses of war an the e#p"o'#ent of #easures necessar' for o$taining
infor#ation a$out the ene#' an the countr' are consiere per#issi$"e-
1rt- ?5- .he attac6 or $o#$ar#ent) $' whatever #eans) of towns) vi""ages)
we""ings) or $ui"ings which are unefene is prohi$ite-
1rt- ?6- .he officer in co##an of an attac6ing force #ust) $efore co##encing a
$o#$ar#ent) e/cept in cases of assau"t) o a"" in his power to warn the authorities-
1rt- ?%- 0n sieges an $o#$ar#ents a"" necessar' steps #ust $e ta6en to spare) as
far as possi$"e) $ui"ings eicate to re"igion) art) science) or charita$"e purposes)
historic #onu#ents) hospita"s) an p"aces where the sic6 an woune are co""ecte)
provie the' are not $eing use at the ti#e for #i"itar' purposes-
0t is the ut' of the $esiege to inicate the presence of such $ui"ings or p"aces $'
istinctive an visi$"e signs) which sha"" $e notifie to the ene#' $eforehan-
1rt- ?8- .he pi""age of a town or p"ace) even when ta6en $' assau"t) is prohi$ite-
CH1P.2* 00
Spies
1rt- ?9- 1 person can on"' $e consiere a sp' when) acting c"anestine"' or on fa"se
pretences) he o$tains or eneavours to o$tain infor#ation in the 9one of operations of
a $e""igerent) with the intention of co##unicating it to the hosti"e part'-
.hus) so"iers not wearing a isguise who have penetrate into the 9one of
operations of the hosti"e ar#') for the purpose of o$taining infor#ation) are not
consiere spies- Si#i"ar"') the fo""owing are not
consiere spies< So"iers an civi"ians) carr'ing out their #ission open"') entruste
with the e"iver' of espatches intene either for their own ar#' or for the ene#'Gs
ar#'- .o this c"ass $e"ong "i6ewise persons sent in $a""oons for the purpose of
carr'ing espatches an) genera""') of #aintaining co##unications $etween the
ifferent parts of an ar#' or a territor'-
1rt- 3+- 1 sp' ta6en in the act sha"" not $e punishe without previous tria"-
1rt- 31- 1 sp' who) after reBoining the ar#' to which he $e"ongs) is su$seCuent"'
capture $' the ene#') is treate as a prisoner of war) an incurs no responsi$i"it' for
his previous acts of espionage-
CH1P.2* 000
F"ags of truce
1rt- 3?- 1 person is regare as a par"e#entaire who has $een authori9e $' one of
the $e""igerents to enter into co##unication with the other) an who avances
$earing a white f"ag- He has a right to invio"a$i"it') as we"" as the tru#peter) $ug"er or
ru##er) the f"ag@$earer an interpreter who #a' acco#pan' hi#-
1rt- 33- .he co##aner to who# a par"e#entaire is sent is not in a"" cases o$"ige to
receive hi#-
He #a' ta6e a"" the necessar' steps to prevent the par"e#entaire ta6ing avantage of
his #ission to o$tain infor#ation-
0n case of a$use) he has the right to etain the par"e#entaire te#porari"'-
1rt- 3&- .he par"e#entaire "oses his rights of invio"a$i"it' if it is prove in a c"ear an
incontesta$"e #anner that he has ta6en avantage of his privi"ege position to
provo6e or co##it an act of treason-
CH1P.2* 08
Capitu"ations
1rt- 35- Capitu"ations agree upon $etween the Contracting Parties #ust ta6e into
account the ru"es of #i"itar' honour-
Once sett"e) the' #ust $e scrupu"ous"' o$serve $' $oth parties-
CH1P.2* 8
1r#istices
1rt- 36- 1n ar#istice suspens #i"itar' operations $' #utua" agree#ent $etween the
$e""igerent parties- 0f its uration is not efine) the $e""igerent parties #a' resu#e
operations at an' ti#e) provie a"wa's that the ene#' is warne within the ti#e
agree upon) in accorance with the ter#s of the ar#istice-
1rt- 3%- 1n ar#istice #a' $e genera" or "oca"- .he first suspens the #i"itar'
operations of the $e""igerent States ever'whereA the secon on"' $etween certain
fractions of the $e""igerent ar#ies an within a fi/e raius-
1rt- 38- 1n ar#istice #ust $e notifie officia""' an in goo ti#e to the co#petent
authorities an to the troops- Hosti"ities are suspene i##eiate"' after the
notification) or on the ate fi/e-
1rt- 39- 0t rests with the Contracting Parties to sett"e) in the ter#s of the ar#istice)
what co##unications #a' $e he" in the theatre of war with the inha$itants an
$etween the inha$itants of one $e""igerent State an those of the other-
1rt- &+- 1n' serious vio"ation of the ar#istice $' one of the parties gives the other
part' the right of enouncing it) an even) in cases of urgenc') of reco##encing
hosti"ities i##eiate"'-
1rt- &1- 1 vio"ation of the ter#s of the ar#istice $' private persons acting on their own
initiative on"' entit"es the inBure part' to e#an the punish#ent of the offeners or)
if necessar') co#pensation for the "osses sustaine-
S2C.0O: 000
50=0.1*H 17.HO*0.H O82* .H2 .2**0.O*H OF .H2 HOS.0=2 S.1.2
1rt- &?- .erritor' is consiere occupie when it is actua""' p"ace uner the authorit'
of the hosti"e ar#'-
.he occupation e/tens on"' to the territor' where such authorit' has $een
esta$"ishe an can $e e/ercise-
1rt- &3- .he authorit' of the "egiti#ate power having in fact passe into the hans of
the occupant) the "atter sha"" ta6e a"" the #easures in his power to restore) an
ensure) as far as possi$"e) pu$"ic orer an safet') whi"e respecting) un"ess
a$so"ute"' prevente) the "aws in force in the countr'-
1rt- &&- 1 $e""igerent is for$ien to force the inha$itants of territor' occupie $' it to
furnish infor#ation a$out the ar#' of the other $e""igerent) or a$out its #eans of
efense-
1rt- &5- 0t is for$ien to co#pe" the inha$itants of occupie territor' to swear
a""egiance to the hosti"e Power-
1rt- &6- Fa#i"' honour an rights) the "ives of persons) an private propert') as we""
as re"igious convictions an practice) #ust $e respecte-
Private propert' cannot $e confiscate-
1rt- &%- Pi""age is for#a""' for$ien-
1rt- &8- 0f) in the territor' occupie) the occupant co""ects the ta/es) ues) an to""s
i#pose for the $enefit of the State) he sha"" o so) as far as is possi$"e) in
accorance with the ru"es of assess#ent an incience in force) an sha"" in
conseCuence $e $oun to efra' the e/penses of the a#inistration of the occupie
territor' to the sa#e e/tent as the "egiti#ate 3overn#ent was so $oun-
1rt- &9- 0f) in aition to the ta/es #entione in the a$ove artic"e) the occupant "evies
other #one' contri$utions in the occupie territor') this sha"" on"' $e for the nees of
the ar#' or of the a#inistration of the territor' in Cuestion-
1rt- 5+- :o genera" pena"t') pecuniar' or otherwise) sha"" $e inf"icte upon the
popu"ation on account of the acts of iniviua"s for which the' cannot $e regare as
Boint"' an severa""' responsi$"e-
1rt- 51- :o contri$ution sha"" $e co""ecte e/cept uner a written orer) an on the
responsi$i"it' of a co##aner@in@chief-
.he co""ection of the sai contri$ution sha"" on"' $e effecte as far as possi$"e in
accorance with the ru"es of assess#ent an incience of the ta/es in force-
For ever' contri$ution a receipt sha"" $e given to the contri$utors-
1rt- 5?- *eCuisitions in 6in an services sha"" not $e e#ane fro# #unicipa"ities
or inha$itants e/cept for the nees of the ar#' of occupation- .he' sha"" $e in
proportion to the resources of the countr') an of such a nature as not to invo"ve the
inha$itants in the o$"igation of ta6ing part in #i"itar' operations against their own
countr'-
Such reCuisitions an services sha"" on"' $e e#ane on the authorit' of the
co##aner in the "oca"it' occupie-
Contri$utions in 6in sha"" as far is possi$"e $e pai for in cashA if not) a receipt sha""
$e given an the pa'#ent of the a#ount ue sha"" $e #ae as soon as possi$"e-
1rt- 53- 1n ar#' of occupation can on"' ta6e possession of cash) funs) an
rea"i9a$"e securities which are strict"' the propert' of the State) epots of ar#s)
#eans of transport) stores an supp"ies) an) genera""') a"" #ova$"e propert'
$e"onging to the State which #a' $e use for #i"itar' operations-
1"" app"iances) whether on "an) at sea) or in the air) aapte for the trans#ission of
news) or for the transport of persons or things) e/c"usive of cases governe $' nava"
"aw) epots of ar#s) an) genera""') a"" 6ins of #unitions of war) #a' $e sei9e) even
if the' $e"ong to private iniviua"s) $ut #ust $e restore an co#pensation fi/e
when peace is #ae-
1rt- 5&- Su$#arine ca$"es connecting an occupie territor' with a neutra" territor'
sha"" not $e sei9e or estro'e e/cept in the case of a$so"ute necessit'- .he' #ust
"i6ewise $e restore an co#pensation fi/e when peace is #ae-
1rt- 55- .he occup'ing State sha"" $e regare on"' as a#inistrator an usufructuar'
of pu$"ic $ui"ings) rea" estate) forests) an agricu"tura" estates $e"onging to the
hosti"e State) an situate in the occupie countr'- 0t #ust safeguar the capita" of
these properties) an a#inister the# in accorance with the ru"es of usufruct-
1rt- 56- .he propert' of #unicipa"ities) that of institutions eicate to re"igion) charit'
an eucation) the arts an sciences) even when State propert') sha"" $e treate as
private propert'-
1"" sei9ure of) estruction or wi"fu" a#age one to institutions of this character)
historic #onu#ents) wor6s of art an science) is for$ien) an shou" $e #ae the
su$Bect of "ega" proceeings-