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Help:LaTeX Symbol Tables - Mathematics

Home Body-Text Mathematics Science and Technology Dingbats Miscellaneous



Math Alphabets
code Alphabet, Numbers & Symbols
\mathrm{
}


\mathit{ }


\mathsf{ }


\mathbf{ }


\mathcal{
}


\mathbb{
}


\mathfrak{
}



Greek Symbols
Name
LaTeX
Code
Lowc
ase
LaTe
X
Code
Capi
tal
LaTeX Code
Bold
Lowc
ase
LaTeX Code
Bold
Capi
tal
ALPHA \alpha
\Alph
a

\boldsymbol{\alph
a}

\boldsymbol{\Al
pha}

BETA \beta

\Beta

\boldsymbol{\beta
}

\boldsymbol{\Be
ta}

GAMMA
\gamm
a

\Gam
ma

\boldsymbol{\gam
ma}

\boldsymbol{\G
amma}

DIGAMM
A
\digam
ma


\boldsymbol{\diga
mma}


DELTA \delta

\Delta

\boldsymbol{\delt
a}

\boldsymbol{\D
elta}

EPSILON \epsilon
\Epsil
on

\boldsymbol{\epsi
lon}

\boldsymbol{\Ep
silon}

VAREPSI
LON
\varepsi
lon


\boldsymbol{\vare
psilon}


ZETA \zeta

Z

\boldsymbol{\zeta
}

\boldsymbol{Z}

ETA \eta

\Eta

\boldsymbol{\eta}

\boldsymbol{\Et
a}

THETA \theta

\Theta

\boldsymbol{\thet
a}

\boldsymbol{\Th
eta}

VARTHE
TA
\varthet
a


\boldsymbol{\vart
heta}


IOTA \iota \Iota

\boldsymbol{\iota
}

\boldsymbol{\Iot
a}

KAPPA \kappa
\Kapp
a

\boldsymbol{\kap
pa}

\boldsymbol{\K
appa}

VARKAP
PA
\varkap
pa


\boldsymbol{\var
kappa}


LAMBDA
\lambd
a

\Lam
bda

\boldsymbol{\lam
bda}

\boldsymbol{\La
mbda}

MU \mu

\Mu

\boldsymbol{\mu}

\boldsymbol{\M
u}

NU \nu \Nu

\boldsymbol{\nu}
\boldsymbol{\N
u}

XI \xi

\Xi

\boldsymbol{\xi}

\boldsymbol{\Xi
}

OMICRO
N
o O

\boldsymbol{o} \boldsymbol{O}

PI \pi \Pi

\boldsymbol{\pi}
\boldsymbol{\Pi
}

VARPI \varpi

\boldsymbol{\var
pi}


RHO \rho

\Rho

\boldsymbol{\rho
}

\boldsymbol{\R
ho}

VARRHO \varrho


\boldsymbol{\varr
ho}


SIGMA \sigma
\Sigm
a

\boldsymbol{\sig
ma}

\boldsymbol{\Si
gma}

VARSIG
MA
\varsig
ma


\boldsymbol{\vars
igma}


TAU \tau \Tau

\boldsymbol{\tau}
\boldsymbol{\Ta
u}

UPSILON
\upsilo
n

\Upsil
on

\boldsymbol{\upsi
lon}

\boldsymbol{\U
psilon}

PHI \phi

\Phi

\boldsymbol{\phi}

\boldsymbol{\Ph
i}

VARPHI \varphi


\boldsymbol{\var
phi}


CHI \chi

\Chi

\boldsymbol{\chi}

\boldsymbol{\C
hi}

PSI \psi

\Psi

\boldsymbol{\psi}

\boldsymbol{\Ps
i}

OMEGA \omega \Ome

\boldsymbol{\ome \boldsymbol{\O

ga ga} mega}

Hebrew Symbols
LaTeX
Code
Aleph
LaTeX
Code
Beth
LaTeX
Code
Gimel
LaTeX
Code
Daleth
\aleph

\beth

\gimel

\daleth

Arrows
LaTeX Code
Outp
ut
LaTeX Code
Outp
ut
LaTeX Code
Outp
ut
LaTeX Code
Outp
ut
\Downarrow

\longleftarrow \nwarrow

\downarrow

\Longleftarro
w

\Rightarrow \hookleftarrow
\longleftrightarr
ow

\rightarrow
\hookrightarr
ow

\Longleftrightarr
ow

\searrow

\longmapsto \swarrow

\leftarrow \Updownarrow

\Longrightarr
ow

\uparrow

\Leftarrow

\longrightarrow
\Uparrow

\Leftrightarro
w

\mapsto \updownarrow

\leftrightarrow \nearrow



1. Accents
2. Arrows
3. Binary and relational operators
4. Delimiters
5. Greek letters
6. Miscellaneous symbols
7. Math functions
8. Variable size math symbols
9. Math Miscellany

The AMS dot symbols are named according to their intended usage: \dotsb between pairs of binary
operators/relations, \dotsc between pairs of commas, \dotsi between pairs of integrals, \dotsm between
pairs of multiplication signs, and \dotso between other symbol pairs.
Functions, symbols, special characters
Accents/Diacritics
\acute{a} \grave{a} \hat{a} \tilde{a} \breve{a}

\check{a} \bar{a} \ddot{a} \dot{a}

Standard functions
\sin a \cos b \tan c

\sec d \csc e \cot f

\arcsin h \arccos i \arctan j

\sinh k \cosh l \tanh m \coth n\!

\operatorname{sh}\,o\,\operatorname{ch}\,p\,\ope
ratorname{th}\,q\!

\operatorname{arsinh}\,r\,\operatorname{arcosh}\
,s\,\operatorname{artanh}\,t

\lim u \limsup v \liminf w \min x \max y\!

\inf z \sup a \exp b \ln c \lg d \log e
\log_{10} f \ker g\!
\deg h \gcd i \Pr j \det k \hom l \arg m \dim n

Modular arithmetic
s_k \equiv 0 \pmod{m}

a\,\bmod\,b

Derivatives
\nabla \, \partial x \, dx \, \dot x \, \ddot
y\, dy/dx\, \frac{dy}{dx}\, \frac{\partial^2
y}{\partial x_1\,\partial x_2}

Sets
\forall \exists \empty \emptyset \varnothing

\in \ni \not \in \notin \subset \subseteq

\supset \supseteq
\cap \bigcap \cup \bigcup \biguplus \setminus
\smallsetminus

\sqsubset \sqsubseteq \sqsupset \sqsupseteq
\sqcap \sqcup \bigsqcup

Operators
+ \oplus \bigoplus \pm \mp -

\times \otimes \bigotimes \cdot \circ \bullet
\bigodot

\star * / \div \frac{1}{2}

Logic
\land (or \and) \wedge \bigwedge \bar{q} \to p

\lor \vee \bigvee \lnot \neg q \And

Root
\sqrt{2} \sqrt[n]{x}

Relations
\sim \approx \simeq \cong \dot=
\overset{\underset{\mathrm{def}}{}}{=}

\le < \ll \gg \ge > \equiv \not\equiv \ne
\mbox{or} \neq \propto
Geometric
\Diamond \Box \triangle \angle \perp \mid \nmid
\| 45^\circ

Arrows
\leftarrow (or \gets) \rightarrow (or \to)
\nleftarrow \nrightarrow \leftrightarrow
\nleftrightarrow \longleftarrow \longrightarrow
\longleftrightarrow

\Leftarrow \Rightarrow \nLeftarrow \nRightarrow
\Leftrightarrow \nLeftrightarrow \Longleftarrow
\Longrightarrow \Longleftrightarrow (or \iff)

\uparrow \downarrow \updownarrow \Uparrow
\Downarrow \Updownarrow \nearrow \searrow
\swarrow \nwarrow

\rightharpoonup \rightharpoondown \leftharpoonup
\leftharpoondown \upharpoonleft \upharpoonright

\downharpoonleft \downharpoonright
\rightleftharpoons \leftrightharpoons
\curvearrowleft \circlearrowleft \Lsh
\upuparrows \rightrightarrows \rightleftarrows
\Rrightarrow \rightarrowtail \looparrowright

\curvearrowright \circlearrowright \Rsh
\downdownarrows \leftleftarrows \leftrightarrows
\Lleftarrow \leftarrowtail \looparrowleft

\mapsto \longmapsto \hookrightarrow
\hookleftarrow \multimap \leftrightsquigarrow
\rightsquigarrow

Special
\And \eth \S \P \% \dagger \ddagger \ldots
\cdots
\smile \frown \wr \triangleleft \triangleright
\infty \bot \top
\vdash \vDash \Vdash \models \lVert \rVert
\imath \hbar

\ell \mho \Finv \Re \Im \wp \complement

\diamondsuit \heartsuit \clubsuit \spadesuit
\Game \flat \natural \sharp
Unsorted (new stuff)
\vartriangle \triangledown \lozenge \circledS
\measuredangle \nexists \Bbbk \backprime
\blacktriangle \blacktriangledown

\blacksquare \blacklozenge \bigstar
\sphericalangle \diagup \diagdown \dotplus \Cap
\Cup \barwedge

\veebar \doublebarwedge \boxminus \boxtimes
\boxdot \boxplus \divideontimes \ltimes \rtimes
\leftthreetimes

\rightthreetimes \curlywedge \curlyvee
\circleddash \circledast \circledcirc \centerdot
\intercal \leqq \leqslant

\eqslantless \lessapprox \approxeq \lessdot \lll
\lessgtr \lesseqgtr \lesseqqgtr \doteqdot
\risingdotseq

\fallingdotseq \backsim \backsimeq \subseteqq
\Subset \preccurlyeq \curlyeqprec \precsim
\precapprox \vartriangleleft

\Vvdash \bumpeq \Bumpeq \geqq \geqslant
\eqslantgtr \gtrsim \gtrapprox \eqsim \gtrdot
\ggg \gtrless \gtreqless \gtreqqless \eqcirc
\circeq \triangleq \thicksim \thickapprox
\supseteqq

\Supset \succcurlyeq \curlyeqsucc \succsim
\succapprox \vartriangleright \shortmid
\shortparallel \between \pitchfork

\varpropto \blacktriangleleft \therefore
\backepsilon \blacktriangleright \because
\nleqslant \nleqq \lneq \lneqq

\lvertneqq \lnsim \lnapprox \nprec \npreceq
\precneqq \precnsim \precnapprox \nsim
\nshortmid

\nvdash \nVdash \ntriangleleft \ntrianglelefteq
\nsubseteq \nsubseteqq \varsubsetneq \subsetneqq
\varsubsetneqq \ngtr

\subsetneq

\ngeqslant \ngeqq \gneq \gneqq \gvertneqq \gnsim
\gnapprox \nsucc \nsucceq \succneqq

\succnsim \succnapprox \ncong \nshortparallel
\nparallel \nvDash \nVDash \ntriangleright
\ntrianglerighteq \nsupseteq

\nsupseteqq \varsupsetneq \supsetneqq
\varsupsetneqq

\jmath \surd \ast \uplus \diamond \bigtriangleup
\bigtriangledown \ominus
\oslash \odot \bigcirc \amalg \prec \succ
\preceq \succeq
\dashv \asymp \doteq \parallel

\ulcorner \urcorner \llcorner \lrcorner

Larger Expressions
Subscripts, superscripts, integrals
Feature Syntax
How it looks rendered
HTML PNG
Superscript a^2
a
2


Subscript a_2
a
2

Grouping
a^{2+2}
a
2 + 2


a_{i,j}
a
i,j


Combining sub &
super without and
with horizontal
separation
x_2^3

{x_2}^3

Super super 10^{10^{ \,\!{8} }

Super super 10^{10^{ \overset{8}{} }}

Super super (wrong
in HTML in some
browsers)
10^{10^8}

Preceding and/or
Additional sub &
super
\sideset{_1^2}{_3^4}\prod_a^b

{}_1^2\!\Omega_3^4

Stacking
\overset{\alpha}{\omega}

\underset{\alpha}{\omega}

\overset{\alpha}{\underset{\gamma}{\omeg
a}}

\stackrel{\alpha}{\omega}

Derivative (forced
PNG)
x', y'', f', f''\!

Derivative (f in
italics may overlap
primes in HTML)
x', y'', f', f''
x',y'',f',f'
'

Derivative (wrong in
HTML)
x^\prime, y^{\prime\prime}

Derivative (wrong in
PNG)
x\prime, y\prime\prime

Derivative dots \dot{x}, \ddot{x}

Underlines,
overlines, vectors
\hat a \ \bar b \ \vec c

\overrightarrow{a b} \ \overleftarrow{c
d} \ \widehat{d e f}

\overline{g h i} \ \underline{j k l}

Arrows
A \xleftarrow{n+\mu-1} B
\xrightarrow[T]{n\pm i-1} C

Overbraces \overbrace{ 1+2+\cdots+100 }^{5050}

Underbraces \underbrace{ a+b+\cdots+z }_{26}

Sum \sum_{k=1}^N k^2

Sum
(force \textstyl
e)
\textstyle \sum_{k=1}^N k^2

Product \prod_{i=1}^N x_i

Product
(force \textstyl
e)
\textstyle \prod_{i=1}^N x_i

Coproduct \coprod_{i=1}^N x_i

Coproduct
(force \textstyl
e)
\textstyle \coprod_{i=1}^N x_i

Limit \lim_{n \to \infty}x_n

Limit
(force \textstyl
e)
\textstyle \lim_{n \to \infty}x_n

Integral
\int\limits_{1}^{3}\frac{e^3/x}{x^2}\,
dx

Integral (alternate
limits style)
\int_{1}^{3}\frac{e^3/x}{x^2}\, dx

Integral
(force \textstyl
e)
\textstyle \int\limits_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx

Integral
(force \textstyl
e, alternate limits
style)
\textstyle \int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx

Double integral \iint\limits_D \, dx\,dy

Triple integral \iiint\limits_E \, dx\,dy\,dz

Quadruple integral \iiiint\limits_F \, dx\,dy\,dz\,dt

Line or path integral \int_C x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy

Closed line or path
integral
\oint_C x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy

Intersections \bigcap_1^n p

Unions \bigcup_1^k p

Fractions, matrices, multilines
Feature Syntax How it looks rendered
Fractions \frac{2}{4}=0.5

Small Fractions \tfrac{2}{4} = 0.5

Large (normal)
Fractions
\dfrac{2}{4} = 0.5 \qquad
\dfrac{2}{c + \dfrac{2}{d +
\dfrac{2}{4}}} = a

Large (nested)
Fractions
\cfrac{2}{c + \cfrac{2}{d +
\cfrac{2}{4}}} = a

Binomial
coefficients
\binom{n}{k}

Small Binomial
coefficients
\tbinom{n}{k}

Large (normal)
Binomial
coefficients
\dbinom{n}{k}

Matrices
\begin{matrix}
x & y \\
z & v
\end{matrix}

\begin{vmatrix}
x & y \\
z & v
\end{vmatrix}

\begin{Vmatrix}
x & y \\
z & v
\end{Vmatrix}

\begin{bmatrix}
0 & \cdots & 0 \\
\vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\
0 & \cdots & 0
\end{bmatrix}

\begin{Bmatrix}
x & y \\
z & v
\end{Bmatrix}

\begin{pmatrix}
x & y \\
z & v
\end{pmatrix}

\bigl( \begin{smallmatrix}
a&b\\ c&d

\end{smallmatrix} \bigr)
Case distinctions
f(n) =
\begin{cases}
n/2, & \mbox{if }n\mbox{ is
even} \\
3n+1, & \mbox{if }n\mbox{ is
odd}
\end{cases}

Multiline
equations
\begin{align}
f(x) & = (a+b)^2 \\
& = a^2+2ab+b^2 \\
\end{align}

\begin{alignat}{2}
f(x) & = (a-b)^2 \\
& = a^2-2ab+b^2 \\
\end{alignat}

Multiline
equations (must
define number of
colums used
({lcr})(should not be
used unless needed)
\begin{array}{lcl}
z & = & a \\
f(x,y,z) & = & x + y + z
\end{array}

Multiline
equations (more)
\begin{array}{lcr}
z & = & a \\
f(x,y,z) & = & x + y + z
\end{array}

Breaking up a
long expression
so that it wraps
when necessary

<math>f(x) \,\!</math>
<math>= \sum_{n=0}^\infty a_n
x^n </math>
<math>=
a_0+a_1x+a_2x^2+\cdots</math>


Simultaneous
equations
\begin{cases}
3x + 5y + z \\
7x - 2y + 4z \\
-6x + 3y + 2z
\end{cases}

Arrays
\begin{array}{|c|c||c|} a & b
& S \\
\hline
0&0&1\\
0&1&1\\
1&0&1\\
1&1&0\\
\end{array}

Parenthesizing big expressions, brackets, bars
Feature Syntax How it looks rendered
Bad ( \frac{1}{2} )

Good \left ( \frac{1}{2} \right )

You can use various delimiters with \left and \right:
Feature Syntax How it looks rendered
Parentheses \left ( \frac{a}{b} \right )

Brackets
\left [ \frac{a}{b} \right ] \quad \left
\lbrack \frac{a}{b} \right \rbrack

Braces
\left \{ \frac{a}{b} \right \} \quad \left
\lbrace \frac{a}{b} \right \rbrace

Angle brackets \left \langle \frac{a}{b} \right \rangle

Bars and
double bars
\left | \frac{a}{b} \right \vert \left
\Vert \frac{c}{d} \right \|

Floor and
ceiling
functions:
\left \lfloor \frac{a}{b} \right \rfloor
\left \lceil \frac{c}{d} \right \rceil

Slashes and
backslashes
\left / \frac{a}{b} \right \backslash

Up, down and
up-down
arrows
\left \uparrow \frac{a}{b} \right
\downarrow \quad \left \Uparrow \frac{a}{b}
\right \Downarrow \quad \left \updownarrow
\frac{a}{b} \right \Updownarrow

Delimiters can
be mixed,
as long as \left
and \right
match
\left [ 0,1 \right )</code> <br/>
<code>\left \langle \psi \right |


Use \left. and
\right. if you
don't
want a
delimiter to
appear:
\left . \frac{A}{B} \right \} \to X

Size of the
delimiters
\big( \Big( \bigg( \Bigg( \dots \Bigg]
\bigg] \Big] \big]/<code>

<code>\big\{ \Big\{ \bigg\{ \Bigg\{ \dots \Bigg\rangle
\bigg\rangle \Big\rangle \big\rangle

\big\| \Big\| \bigg\| \Bigg\| \dots \Bigg|
\bigg| \Big| \big|

\big\lfloor \Big\lfloor \bigg\lfloor
\Bigg\lfloor \dots \Bigg\rceil \bigg\rceil
\Big\rceil \big\rceil

\big\uparrow \Big\uparrow \bigg\uparrow
\Bigg\uparrow \dots \Bigg\Downarrow
\bigg\Downarrow \Big\Downarrow
\big\Downarrow
\big\updownarrow \Big\updownarrow
\bigg\updownarrow \Bigg\updownarrow \dots
\Bigg\Updownarrow \bigg\Updownarrow
\Big\Updownarrow \big\Updownarrow
\big / \Big / \bigg / \Bigg / \dots
\Bigg\backslash \bigg\backslash
\Big\backslash \big\backslash

Alphabets and typefaces
Texvc cannot render arbitrary Unicode characters. Those it can handle can be entered by the
expressions below. For others, such as Cyrillic, they can be entered as Unicode or HTML entities in
running text, but cannot be used in displayed formulas.
Greek alphabet
\Alpha \Beta \Gamma \Delta \Epsilon \Zeta

\Eta \Theta \Iota \Kappa \Lambda \Mu

\Nu \Xi \Pi \Rho \Sigma \Tau

\Upsilon \Phi \Chi \Psi \Omega

\alpha \beta \gamma \delta \epsilon \zeta

\eta \theta \iota \kappa \lambda \mu

\nu \xi \pi \rho \sigma \tau

\upsilon \phi \chi \psi \omega

\varepsilon \digamma \vartheta \varkappa

\varpi \varrho \varsigma \varphi

Blackboard Bold/Scripts
\mathbb{A} \mathbb{B} \mathbb{C} \mathbb{D} \mathbb{E}
\mathbb{F} \mathbb{G}

\mathbb{H} \mathbb{I} \mathbb{J} \mathbb{K} \mathbb{L}
\mathbb{M}

\mathbb{N} \mathbb{O} \mathbb{P} \mathbb{Q} \mathbb{R}
\mathbb{S} \mathbb{T}

\mathbb{U} \mathbb{V} \mathbb{W} \mathbb{X} \mathbb{Y}
\mathbb{Z}

boldface (vectors)
\mathbf{A} \mathbf{B} \mathbf{C} \mathbf{D} \mathbf{E}
\mathbf{F} \mathbf{G}

\mathbf{H} \mathbf{I} \mathbf{J} \mathbf{K} \mathbf{L}
\mathbf{M}

\mathbf{N} \mathbf{O} \mathbf{P} \mathbf{Q} \mathbf{R}
\mathbf{S} \mathbf{T}

\mathbf{U} \mathbf{V} \mathbf{W} \mathbf{X} \mathbf{Y}
\mathbf{Z}

\mathbf{a} \mathbf{b} \mathbf{c} \mathbf{d} \mathbf{e}
\mathbf{f} \mathbf{g}

\mathbf{h} \mathbf{i} \mathbf{j} \mathbf{k} \mathbf{l}
\mathbf{m}

\mathbf{n} \mathbf{o} \mathbf{p} \mathbf{q} \mathbf{r}
\mathbf{s} \mathbf{t}

\mathbf{u} \mathbf{v} \mathbf{w} \mathbf{x} \mathbf{y}
\mathbf{z}

\mathbf{0} \mathbf{1} \mathbf{2} \mathbf{3} \mathbf{4}

\mathbf{5} \mathbf{6} \mathbf{7} \mathbf{8} \mathbf{9}

Boldface (greek)
\boldsymbol{\Alpha} \boldsymbol{\Beta} \boldsymbol{\Gamma}
\boldsymbol{\Delta} \boldsymbol{\Epsilon} \boldsymbol{\Zeta}

\boldsymbol{\Eta} \boldsymbol{\Theta} \boldsymbol{\Iota}
\boldsymbol{\Kappa} \boldsymbol{\Lambda} \boldsymbol{\Mu}

\boldsymbol{\Nu} \boldsymbol{\Xi} \boldsymbol{\Pi}
\boldsymbol{\Rho} \boldsymbol{\Sigma} \boldsymbol{\Tau}

\boldsymbol{\Upsilon} \boldsymbol{\Phi} \boldsymbol{\Chi}
\boldsymbol{\Psi} \boldsymbol{\Omega}

\boldsymbol{\alpha} \boldsymbol{\beta} \boldsymbol{\gamma}
\boldsymbol{\delta} \boldsymbol{\epsilon} \boldsymbol{\zeta}

\boldsymbol{\eta} \boldsymbol{\theta} \boldsymbol{\iota}
\boldsymbol{\kappa} \boldsymbol{\lambda} \boldsymbol{\mu}

\boldsymbol{\nu} \boldsymbol{\xi} \boldsymbol{\pi}
\boldsymbol{\rho} \boldsymbol{\sigma} \boldsymbol{\tau}

\boldsymbol{\upsilon} \boldsymbol{\phi} \boldsymbol{\chi}
\boldsymbol{\psi} \boldsymbol{\omega}

\boldsymbol{\varepsilon} \boldsymbol{\digamma}
\boldsymbol{\vartheta} \boldsymbol{\varkappa}

\boldsymbol{\varpi} \boldsymbol{\varrho}
\boldsymbol{\varsigma} \boldsymbol{\varphi}

Italics
\mathit{A} \mathit{B} \mathit{C} \mathit{D} \mathit{E}
\mathit{F} \mathit{G}

\mathit{H} \mathit{I} \mathit{J} \mathit{K} \mathit{L}
\mathit{M}

\mathit{N} \mathit{O} \mathit{P} \mathit{Q} \mathit{R}
\mathit{S} \mathit{T}

\mathit{U} \mathit{V} \mathit{W} \mathit{X} \mathit{Y}
\mathit{Z}

\mathit{a} \mathit{b} \mathit{c} \mathit{d} \mathit{e}
\mathit{f} \mathit{g}

\mathit{h} \mathit{i} \mathit{j} \mathit{k} \mathit{l}
\mathit{m}

\mathit{n} \mathit{o} \mathit{p} \mathit{q} \mathit{r}
\mathit{s} \mathit{t}

\mathit{u} \mathit{v} \mathit{w} \mathit{x} \mathit{y}
\mathit{z}

\mathit{0} \mathit{1} \mathit{2} \mathit{3} \mathit{4}

\mathit{5} \mathit{6} \mathit{7} \mathit{8} \mathit{9}

Roman typeface
\mathrm{A} \mathrm{B} \mathrm{C} \mathrm{D} \mathrm{E}
\mathrm{F} \mathrm{G}

\mathrm{H} \mathrm{I} \mathrm{J} \mathrm{K} \mathrm{L}
\mathrm{M}

\mathrm{N} \mathrm{O} \mathrm{P} \mathrm{Q} \mathrm{R}
\mathrm{S} \mathrm{T}

\mathrm{U} \mathrm{V} \mathrm{W} \mathrm{X} \mathrm{Y}
\mathrm{Z}

\mathrm{a} \mathrm{b} \mathrm{c} \mathrm{d} \mathrm{e}

\mathrm{f} \mathrm{g}
\mathrm{h} \mathrm{i} \mathrm{j} \mathrm{k} \mathrm{l}
\mathrm{m}

\mathrm{n} \mathrm{o} \mathrm{p} \mathrm{q} \mathrm{r}
\mathrm{s} \mathrm{t}

\mathrm{u} \mathrm{v} \mathrm{w} \mathrm{x} \mathrm{y}
\mathrm{z}

\mathrm{0} \mathrm{1} \mathrm{2} \mathrm{3} \mathrm{4}

\mathrm{5} \mathrm{6} \mathrm{7} \mathrm{8} \mathrm{9}

Fraktur typeface
\mathfrak{A} \mathfrak{B} \mathfrak{C} \mathfrak{D}
\mathfrak{E} \mathfrak{F} \mathfrak{G}

\mathfrak{H} \mathfrak{I} \mathfrak{J} \mathfrak{K}
\mathfrak{L} \mathfrak{M}

\mathfrak{N} \mathfrak{O} \mathfrak{P} \mathfrak{Q}
\mathfrak{R} \mathfrak{S} \mathfrak{T}

\mathfrak{U} \mathfrak{V} \mathfrak{W} \mathfrak{X}
\mathfrak{Y} \mathfrak{Z}

\mathfrak{a} \mathfrak{b} \mathfrak{c} \mathfrak{d}
\mathfrak{e} \mathfrak{f} \mathfrak{g}

\mathfrak{h} \mathfrak{i} \mathfrak{j} \mathfrak{k}
\mathfrak{l} \mathfrak{m}

\mathfrak{n} \mathfrak{o} \mathfrak{p} \mathfrak{q}
\mathfrak{r} \mathfrak{s} \mathfrak{t}

\mathfrak{u} \mathfrak{v} \mathfrak{w} \mathfrak{x}
\mathfrak{y} \mathfrak{z}

\mathfrak{0} \mathfrak{1} \mathfrak{2} \mathfrak{3}
\mathfrak{4}

\mathfrak{5} \mathfrak{6} \mathfrak{7} \mathfrak{8}
\mathfrak{9}

Calligraphy/Script
\mathcal{A} \mathcal{B} \mathcal{C} \mathcal{D} \mathcal{E}
\mathcal{F} \mathcal{G}

\mathcal{H} \mathcal{I} \mathcal{J} \mathcal{K} \mathcal{L}
\mathcal{M}

\mathcal{N} \mathcal{O} \mathcal{P} \mathcal{Q} \mathcal{R}
\mathcal{S} \mathcal{T}
\mathcal{U} \mathcal{V} \mathcal{W} \mathcal{X} \mathcal{Y}
\mathcal{Z}

Hebrew
\aleph \beth \gimel \daleth

Feature Syntax How it looks rendered
non-italicised characters \mbox{abc}
abc

mixed italics (bad)
\mbox{if} n \mbox{is
even}
ifnis even

mixed italics (good)
\mbox{if }n\mbox{ is
even}
if n is even

mixed italics (more legible: ~ is a non-breaking
space, while "\ " forces a space)
\mbox{if}~n\
\mbox{is even}

Color
Equations can use color:
{\color{Blue}x^2}+{\color{YellowOrange}2x}-
{\color{OliveGreen}1}

x_{1,2}=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{\color{Red}b^2-4ac}}{2a}

See here for all named colors supported by LaTeX.
Note that color should not be used as the only way to identify something, because it will become
meaningless on black-and-white media or for color-blind people. See.
Formatting issues
Spacing
Note that TeX handles most spacing automatically, but you may sometimes want manual control.
Feature Syntax How it looks rendered
double quad space a \qquad b

quad space a \quad b

text space a\ b

text space without PNG conversion a \mbox{ } b
a b
large space a\;b

medium space a\>b [not supported]
small space a\,b

no space ab

small negative space a\!b

Alignment with normal text flow
Due to the default css
img.tex { vertical-align: middle; }
an inline expression like should look good.
If you need to align it otherwise, use <math style="vertical-align:-100%;">...</math> and
play with the vertical-align argument until you get it right; however, how it looks may depend on the
browser and the browser settings.
Also note that if you rely on this workaround, if/when the rendering on the server gets fixed in future
releases, as a result of this extra manual offset your formulae will suddenly be aligned incorrectly. So use
it sparingly, if at all.
Examples
A sample conforming diagram is commons:Image:PSU-PU.svg.
Examples
Quadratic Polynomial
ax
2
+ bx + c = 0

<math>ax^2 + bx + c = 0</math>
Quadratic Polynomial (Force PNG Rendering)


<math>ax^2 + bx + c = 0\,\!</math>
Quadratic Formula


<math>x=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}</math>
Tall Parentheses and Fractions


<math>2 = \left(
\frac{\left(3-x\right) \times 2}{3-x}
\right)</math>


<math>S_{\text{new}} = S_{\text{old}} - \frac{ \left( 5-T \right) ^2}
{2}</math>

Integrals


<math>\int_a^x \int_a^s f(y)\,dy\,ds
= \int_a^x f(y)(x-y)\,dy</math>
Summation


<math>\sum_{m=1}^\infty\sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{m^2\,n}
{3^m\left(m\,3^n+n\,3^m\right)}</math>
Differential Equation


<math>u'' + p(x)u' + q(x)u=f(x),\quad x>a</math>
Complex numbers


<math>|\bar{z}| = |z|,
|(\bar{z})^n| = |z|^n,
\arg(z^n) = n \arg(z)</math>
Limits


<math>\lim_{z\rightarrow z_0} f(z)=f(z_0)</math>
Integral Equation


<math>\phi_n(\kappa) =
\frac{1}{4\pi^2\kappa^2} \int_0^\infty
\frac{\sin(\kappa R)}{\kappa R}
\frac{\partial}{\partial R}
\left[R^2\frac{\partial D_n(R)}{\partial R}\right]\,dR</math>
Example


<math>\phi_n(\kappa) =
0.033C_n^2\kappa^{-11/3},\quad
\frac{1}{L_0}\ll\kappa\ll\frac{1}{l_0}</math>
Continuation and cases


<math>
f(x) =
\begin{cases}
1 & -1 \le x < 0 \\
\frac{1}{2} & x = 0 \\
1 - x^2 & \mbox{otherwise}
\end{cases}
</math>
Prefixed subscript


<math>{}_pF_q(a_1,...,a_p;c_1,...,c_q;z)
= \sum_{n=0}^\infty
\frac{(a_1)_n\cdot\cdot\cdot(a_p)_n}{(c_1)_n\cdot\cdot\cdot(c_q)_n}
\frac{z^n}{n!}</math>
Fraction and small fraction

<math> \frac {a}{b}\ \tfrac {a}{b} </math>

Table 40: Binary Operators
Code Output Code Output Code Output Code Output
\amalg

\cup

\oplus

\times
\ast \dagger

\oslash

\triangleleft
\bigcirc

\ddagger

\otimes

\triangleright
\bigtriangledown

\diamond \pm

\unlhd *
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\unlhd):
\unlhd
\bigtriangleup

\div \rhd *
Failed to
parse
(unknown
function\rhd):
\rhd
\unrhd *
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\unrhd):
\unrhd
\bullet \lhd *
Failed to
parse
(unknown
function\lhd):
\lhd
\setminus

\uplus

\cap

\mp

\sqcap

\vee

\cdot

\odot

\sqcup

\wedge

\circ \ominus

\star \wr

* Not predefined in . One of the packages latexsym, amsfonts, amssymb, txfonts,
pxfonts, or wasysym is required.
Table 41: AMS Binary Operators
Code Output Code Output Code Output
\barwedge

\circledcirc

\intercal

\boxdot

\circleddash

\leftthreetimes

\boxminus

\Cup

\ltimes
\boxplus

\curlyvee

\rightthreetimes

\boxtimes

\curlywedge

\rtimes
\Cap

\divideontimes \smallsetminus
\centerdot

\dotplus

\veebar

\circledast

\doublebarwedge


Table 42: stmaryrd Binary Operators
Code Output Code Output Code Output Code Output
\baro
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\baro)
: \baro
\bbslash
Failed to
parse
(unknown
function\bbsl
ash):
\bbslash
\binampers
and
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\binam
persand):
\binampersand
\bindnasr
epma
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\bindn
asrepma):
\bindnasrepma
\boxast
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\boxas
t): \boxast
\boxbar
Failed to
parse
(unknown
function\box
bar): \boxbar
\boxbox
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\boxbox
): \boxbox
\boxbslas
h
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\boxbs
lash):
\boxbslash
\boxcircle
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\boxci
rcle):
\boxcircle
\boxdot

\boxempty
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\boxem
pty): \boxempty
\boxslash
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\boxsl
ash): \boxslash
\curlyvee
downarro
w
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\curly
veedownarrow
):
\curlyveedown
arrow
\curlyve
euparro
w
Failed to
parse
(unknown
function\curl
yveeuparrow
):
\curlyveeupa
rrow
\curlywedg
edownarro
w
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\curlyw
edgedownarrow
):
\curlywedgedow
narrow
\curlywed
geuparro
w
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\curly
wedgeuparrow
):
\curlywedgeup
arrow
\fatbslash
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\fatbsl
ash):
\fatbslash
\fatsemi
Failed to
parse
(unknown
function\fatse
mi): \fatsemi
\fatslash
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\fatslas
h): \fatslash
\interleav
e
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\interl
eave):
\interleave
\leftslice
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\leftsli
ce): \leftslice
\merge
Failed to
parse
(unknown
function\mer
ge): \merge
\minuso
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\minuso
): \minuso
\moo
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\moo):
\moo
\nplus
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\nplus
): \nplus
\obar
Failed to
parse
(unknown
function\obar
): \obar
\oblong
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\oblong)
: \oblong
\obslash
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\obslas
h): \obslash
\ogreatert
han
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\ogrea
terthan):
\ogreaterthan
\olessth
an
Failed to
parse
(unknown
function\oless
than):
\olessthan
\ovee
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\ovee):
\ovee
\owedge
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\owed
ge): \owedge
\rightslice
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\rights
lice):
\sslash
Failed to
parse
(unknown
function\sslas
\talloblong
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\talloblo
ng): \talloblong
\varbigcir
c
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\varbi
gcirc):
\rightslice h): \sslash \varbigcirc
\varcurly
vee
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\varcu
rlyvee):
\varcurlyvee
\varcurl
ywedge
Failed to
parse
(unknown
function\varc
urlywedge):
\varcurlywed
ge
\varoast
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\varoast
): \varoast
\varobar
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\varob
ar): \varobar
\varobslas
h
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\varob
slash):
\varobslash
\varocir
cle
Failed to
parse
(unknown
function\varo
circle):
\varocircle
\varodot
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\varodo
t): \varodot
\varogreat
erthan
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\varog
reaterthan):
\varogreaterth
an
\varolesst
han
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\varol
essthan):
\varolessthan
\varomi
nus
Failed to
parse
(unknown
function\varo
minus):
\varominus
\varoplus
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\varopl
us): \varoplus
\varoslash
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\varosl
ash):
\varoslash
\varotime
s
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\varoti
mes):
\varotimes
\varovee
Failed to
parse
(unknown
function\varo
vee):
\varovee
\varowedge
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\varowe
dge):
\varowedge
\vartimes
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\varti
mes):
\vartimes
\Ydown
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\Ydow
n): \Ydown
\Yleft
Failed to
parse
(unknown
function\Ylef
t): \Yleft
\Yright
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\Yright)
: \Yright
\Yup
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\Yup):
\Yup
Table 43: wasysym Binary Operators
Code Output Code Output Code Output Code Output
\lhd
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\lhd):
\ocircle
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\ocircle):
\RHD
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\RHD):
\unrhd
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\unrhd):
\lhd \ocircle \RHD \unrhd
\LHD
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\LHD):
\LHD
\rhd
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\rhd): \rhd
\unlhd
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\unlhd):
\unlhd
Table 44: txfonts/pxfonts Binary Operators
Code Output Code Output Code Output
\circledbar
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\circledbar):
\circledbar
\circledwedg
e
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\circledwedge)
: \circledwedge
\medcirc
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\medcirc):
\medcirc
\circledbslas
h
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\circledbslash)
: \circledbslash
\invamp
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\invamp):
\invamp
\sqcapplu
s
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\sqcapplus)
: \sqcapplus
\circledvee
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\circledvee):
\circledvee
\medbullet
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\medbullet):
\medbullet
\sqcupplu
s
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\sqcupplus)
: \sqcupplus
Table 45: mathabx Binary Operators
Code Output Code Output Code Output
\ast \curlywedge

\sqcap

\Asterisk
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\Asterisk):
\Asterisk
\divdot
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\divdot):
\divdot
\sqcup

\barwedge

\divideontimes
\sqdoubleca
p
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\sqdoublecap
): \sqdoublecap
\bigstar

\dotdiv
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\dotdiv):
\dotdiv
\sqdoublecu
p
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\sqdoublecup
): \sqdoublecup
\bigvarstar
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\bigvarstar):
\bigvarstar
\dotplus

\square

\blackdiamo
nd
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\blackdiamon
d): \blackdiamond
\dottimes
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\dottime
s): \dottimes
\squplus
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\squplus):
\squplus
\cap

\doublebarwed
ge

\udot
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\udot): \udot
\circplus
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\circplus):
\circplus
\doublecap

\uplus

\coasterisk
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\coasterisk):
\coasterisk
\doublecup

\varstar
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\varstar):
\varstar
\coAsterisk
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\coAsterisk):
\coAsterisk
\ltimes \vee

\convolution
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\convolution):
\convolution
\pluscirc
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\pluscirc
): \pluscirc
\veebar

\cup

\rtimes
\veedoubleb
ar
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\veedoubleba
r): \veedoublebar
\curlyvee

\sqbullet
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\sqbullet
): \sqbullet
\wedge


Table 49: ulsy Geometric Binary Operators
Code Output
\odplus Failed to parse (unknown function\odplus): \odplus
Table 50: mathabx Geometric Binary Operators
Code Output Code Output Code Output
\blacktriangled
own

\boxright
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\boxright):
\boxright
\ominus

\blacktrianglel
eft

\boxslash
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\boxslash):
\boxslash
\oplus

\blacktriangler
ight

\boxtimes

\oright
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\oright):
\oright
\blacktriangleu
p
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\blacktriang
leup):
\boxtop
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\boxtop):
\oslash

\blacktriangleup \boxtop
\boxasterisk
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\boxasterisk
): \boxasterisk
\boxtriangl
eup
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\boxtriang
leup):
\boxtriangleup
\otimes

\boxbackslash
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\boxbacksla
sh): \boxbackslash
\boxvoid
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\boxvoid):
\boxvoid
\otop
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\otop): \otop
\boxbot
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\boxbot):
\boxbot
\oasterisk
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\oasterisk)
: \oasterisk
\otriangleup
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\otriangleup):
\otriangleup
\boxcirc
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\boxcirc):
\boxcirc
\obackslas
h
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\obackslas
h): \obackslash
\ovoid
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\ovoid):
\ovoid
\boxcoasterisk
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\boxcoasteri
sk): \boxcoasterisk
\obot
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\obot):
\obot
\smalltriangled
own
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\smalltriangle
down):
\smalltriangledown
\boxdiv
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\boxdiv):
\boxdiv
\ocirc
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\ocirc):
\ocirc
\smalltrianglel
eft
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\smalltriangle
left): \smalltriangleleft
\boxdot

\ocoasteris
k
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\ocoasteris
k): \ocoasterisk
\smalltriangler
ight
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\smalltriangle
right):
\smalltriangleright
\boxleft
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\boxleft):
\odiv
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\odiv):
\smalltriangleu
p
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\smalltriangle
\boxleft \odiv up): \smalltriangleup
\boxminus

\odot


\boxplus

\oleft
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\oleft):
\oleft


Table 52: Variable-sized Math Operators
Code Output Code Output Code Output Code Output
\bigcap

\bigotimes

\bigwedge

\prod

\bigcup

\bigsqcup

\coprod

\sum

\bigodot

\biguplus

\int


\bigoplus

\bigvee

\oint


Table 53: AMS Variable-sized Math Operators
Code Output Code Output
\idotsint Failed to parse (unknown function\idotsint): \idotsint \iiint

\iiiint

\iint

Table 54: stmaryrd Variable-sized Math Operators
Code Output Code Output
\bigbox
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\bigbox):
\bigbox
\biginterlea
ve
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\biginterleav
e): \biginterleave
\bigsqcap
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\bigsqca
p): \bigsqcap
\bigcurlyvee
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\bigcurlyvee):
\bigcurlyvee
\bignplus
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\bignplus):
\bignplus
\bigtriangledo
wn

\bigcurlywed
ge
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\bigcurlywedg
e): \bigcurlywedge
\bigparallel
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\bigparallel):
\bigparallel
\bigtriangleup

Table 55: wasysym Variable-sized Math Operators
Code Output Code Output Code Output
\iiint

\oiint
Failed to parse (unknown
function\oiint): \oiint
\varoint
Failed to parse (unknown
function\varoint): \varoint
\iint

\varint
Failed to parse (unknown
function\varint): \varint




Table 101: stmaryrd Arrows
Code Output Code Output Code Output
\leftarrowtriang
le
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\leftarrowtria
ngle):
\leftarrowtriangle
\Mapsfrom
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\Mapsfrom)
: \Mapsfrom
\shortleftar
row
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\shortlefta
rrow):
\shortleftarrow
\leftrightarrowe
q
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\leftrightarro
weq):
\leftrightarroweq
\mapsfrom
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\mapsfrom):
\mapsfrom
\shortright
arrow
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\shortrigh
tarrow):
\shortrightarrow
\leftrightarrowt
riangle
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\leftrightarro
wtriangle):
\leftrightarrowtriangle
\Mapsto
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\Mapsto):
\Mapsto
\shortuparr
ow
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\shortupar
row):
\shortuparrow
\lightning
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\lightning):
\lightning
\nnearrow
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\nnearrow):
\nnearrow
\ssearrow
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\ssearrow)
: \ssearrow
\Longmapsfro
m
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\Longmapsfro
m): \Longmapsfrom
\nnwarrow
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\nnwarrow)
: \nnwarrow
\sswarrow
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\sswarrow
): \sswarrow
\longmapsfrom
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\longmapsfro
m): \longmapsfrom
\rightarrowtr
iangle
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\rightarrowt
riangle):
\rightarrowtriangle

\Longmapsto
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\Longmapsto):
\Longmapsto
\shortdownar
row
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\shortdowna
rrow):
\shortdownarrow


Table 105: mathabx Harpoons
Code Output Code Output Code Output Code Output
\barleftha
rpoon
Failed to
parse
(unknown
function\barle
ftharpoon):
\barleftharpo
on
\barrighth
arpoon
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\barrig
htharpoon):
\barrightharpo
on
\downdow
nharpoons
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\downd
ownharpoons):
\downdownhar
poons
\downha
rpoonleft

\downhar
poonright

\downuph
arpoons
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\down
upharpoons):
\downupharpo
ons
\leftbarhar
poon
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\leftbar
harpoon):
\leftbarharpoon
\leftharp
oondown

\leftharpo
onup

\leftleftha
rpoons
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\leftleft
harpoons):
\leftleftharpoon
s
\leftrighth
arpoon
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\leftrig
htharpoon):
\leftrightharpoo
n
\leftright
harpoons

\rightbarh
arpoon
Failed to
parse
(unknown
function\right
barharpoon):
\rightbarharp
oon
\rightharp
oondown

\rightharp
oonup

\rightleft
harpoon
Failed to
parse
(unknown
function\right
leftharpoon):
\rightleftharp
oon
\rightlefth
arpoons

\rightright
harpoons
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\rightri
ghtharpoons):
\rightrightharp
oons
\updownh
arpoons
Failed to parse
(unknown
function\updow
nharpoons):
\updownharpoo
ns
\upharpo
onleft

\upharpo

\upupharp
Failed to parse
(unknown

onright oons function\upuph
arpoons):
\upupharpoons

Table 156: yhmath Math-Mode Accents
Code Output Code Output
Table 157: Extensible Accents
Code Output Code Output
\widetilde{abc} *
Failed to parse (unknown function\widetilde):
\widetilde{abc}
\overleftarrow{abc}

\overline{abc}

\overbrace{abc}

\sqrt{abc}

\widehat{abc}

\overrightarrow{abc}

\underline{abc}

\underbrace{abc}

\sqrt[n]{abc}

* The yhmath package is required.
Table 159: yhmath Extensible Accents
Code Output Code Output
\wideparen{abc}
Failed to parse (unknown
function\wideparen):
\wideparen{abc}
\widetriangle{abc}
Failed to parse (unknown
function\widetriangle):
\widetriangle{abc}
\widering{abc}
Failed to parse (unknown
function\widering):
\widering{abc}

Table 160: AMS Extensible Accents
Code Output Code Output
\overleftrightarrow{abc
}
Failed to parse (PNG
conversion failed;
check for correct
installation of latex,
dvips, gs, and convert):
\overleftrightarrow{abc}
\underleftrightarrow{abc
}
Failed to parse (unknown
function\underleftrightarrow)
: \underleftrightarrow{abc}
\underleftarrow{abc}
Failed to parse (unknown
function\underleftarrow)
: \underleftarrow{abc}
\underrightarrow{abc}
Failed to parse (unknown
function\underrightarrow):
\underrightarrow{abc}
\xleftarrow{abc}

\xrightarrow{abc}

Table 163 mathabx Extensible Accents
Code Output Code Output
\overbrace{abc}

\widebar{abc}
Failed to parse (unknown
function\widebar): \widebar{abc}
\overgroup{abc}
Failed to parse (unknown
function\overgroup):
\overgroup{abc}
\widecheck{abc}
Failed to parse (unknown
function\widecheck):
\widecheck{abc}
\underbrace{abc}

\wideparen{abc}
Failed to parse (unknown
function\wideparen):
\wideparen{abc}
\undergroup{abc}
Failed to parse (unknown
function\undergroup):
\undergroup{abc}
\widering{abc}
Failed to parse (unknown
function\widering):
\widering{abc}
\widearrow{abc}
Failed to parse (unknown
function\widearrow):
\widearrow{abc}

The braces shown for \overbrace and \underbrace appear in their minimum size. They can expand
arbitrarily wide, however.
Table 164: esvect Extensible Accents
Code Output Code Output
\vv{abc} with
package option a
Failed to parse (unknown
function\vv): \vv{abc}
\vv{abc} with
package option b
Failed to parse (unknown
function\vv): \vv{abc}
\vv{abc} with
package option c
Failed to parse (unknown
function\vv): \vv{abc}
\vv{abc} with
package option d
Failed to parse (unknown
function\vv): \vv{abc}
\vv{abc} with
package option e
Failed to parse (unknown
function\vv): \vv{abc}
\vv{abc} with
package option f
Failed to parse (unknown
function\vv): \vv{abc}
\vv{abc} with
package option g
Failed to parse (unknown
function\vv): \vv{abc}
\vv{abc} with
package option h
Failed to parse (unknown
function\vv): \vv{abc}
esvect also defines a \vv* macro which is used to typeset arrows over vector variables with subscripts.

Table 174: Dots
Code Output Code Output
\cdotp Failed to parse (unknown function\cdotp): \cdotp \colon *
:
\ldotp Failed to parse (unknown function\ldotp): \ldotp \vdots

\cdots

\ddots

\ldots


* While : is valid in math mode, \colon uses different surrounding spacing.

Table 175: AMS Dots
Code Output Code Output
\dotsb

\dotsi
Failed to parse (unknown function\dotsi):
\dotsi
\dotso
Failed to parse (unknown function\dotso):
\dotso
\dotsc
Failed to parse (unknown function\dotsc):
\dotsc
\dotsm
Failed to parse (unknown function\dotsm):
\dotsm




Work in progress, expect frequent changes. Help and feedback is welcome. See discussion page.

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