CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, our society has enjoyed the benefits of having modern technology.
We are so blessed with this, which could perform to what seemed to be an
impossible task in the past like getting information in a matter of seconds. Modern
technology is more effective and efficient. It cannot be denied that the
technological improvement brings to us some advantages. First, it helps humans to
communicate local or overseas by writing email, telephone or mobile. A student,
for instance, who is studying abroad, can talk to his family by chatting through
web cam rather than waiting for a hand - written letters. Secondly, the modern
tools also support man in business and studying. It makes better condition to
accomplish tasks faster and more convenient.
According to Wikipedia, technology is making, modification, usage, and
knowledge of tools, machines, techniques, crafts, systems, methods of
organization, in order to solve a problem and improve a pre-existing solution to a
problem, achieve a goal, handle an applied input/output relation or perform a
specific function. It can also refer to the collection of such tools, machinery,
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modifications, arrangements and procedures. Technology has affected society and
its surroundings in a number of ways. In many societies, technology has helped
developed more advanced economies (including today's global economy) and has
allowed the rise of a leisure class. Various implementations of technology
influence the values of a society and new technology often raises new ethical
questions. Examples include the rise of the notion of efficiency in terms of human
productivity, a term originally applied only to machines, and the challenge of
traditional norms.
Internet has made the information so handy that we can find anything to
everything that we need. Today, its the center of attention for all businesses,
government and individuals around the world. It has spawned entirely new
industries, transformed existing ones, and become a global cultural phenomenon.
It has become a new platform for business as the concept of e-commerce, e-
marketing has immersed which have brought new dimensions in the way we do
our businesses with only a few mouse clicks away. The main advantage of any
new technology is that it amplifies human potential. In the 20th century,
electricity, the telephone, the automobile and the airplane all made the world more
accessible to more people, transforming our economy and society in the process.
The Internet has the same revolutionary impact to individuals and businesses since
it can overcome geographical, cultural and logistical barriers and can improve the
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way they live and work. Because it amplifies our potential in so many ways, it's
possible that the long-term impact of the Internet could equal that of electricity,
the automobile and the telephone all rolled together. The Internet makes the world
smaller. The ability to communicate and exchange information instantaneously
and across vast distances has enabled more individuals and businesses to
participate in the economy, regardless of their location. Large companies can
connect with employees, suppliers, and partners around the globe, and small
businesses can find their customers anywhere in the world. (http://www.aippg.net)
Electronic Business is commonly referred to as E-Business. It is defined as the
use of the information and communication technology (ICT) in the business
activities. E-Business focuses on the use of ICT to enable external activities and
relationships of the business with individuals. Electronic business methods enable
companies to link their internal and external data processing system more
efficiently and flexibly, to work more closely with suppliers and partners, and to
better satisfy the needs and expectations of their customers. Electronic Business is
not the same as E-Commerce. E-Business involves business processes spanning
the entire value, Electronic purchasing and supplying, processing orders
electronically, handling customer service, and cooperating with business partners.
Special technical standards for e-business facilitate the exchange of data between
companies. E-Business software solutions allow the integration intra and inter firm
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business processes. Electronic business can be conducted using the Web, the
internet, intranets, extranets, or some combination of these.
(http://www.americanessays.com)
According to Wikipedia, the business directory is a website or printed listing
of information which lists all businesses within some category. Businesses can be
categorized by business, location, activity, or size. Business may be compiled
either manually or through automated online search software. Online yellow
pages are a type of business directory, as is the traditional phone book. The details
provided in a business directory will vary. They may include the business name,
addresses, telephone numbers, location, type of service or products the business
provides, number of employees, the service region and any professional
associations. Some directories include a section for user reviews, comments, and
feedback. Business directories in the past would take a printed format but have
recently been upgraded to websites due to the advent of the internet. Many
business directories offer complimentary listings in addition to the premium
options. There are many business directories and some of these have moved over
to the internet and away from printed format. Whilst not being search engines,
business directories often have a search facility.


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Background of the Study
The business directory is a website or printed listing of information which lists
all businesses within some category. Businesses can be categorized by business,
location, activity, or size. Business may be compiled either manually or through
automated online search software. The details provided in a business directory will
vary. They may include the business name, addresses, telephone numbers,
location, type of service or products the business provides, number of employees,
the service region and any professional associations. Before, the list of businesses
could be found in yellow pages written manually, most business directories
nowadays are found online. Online business directories are used as a faster way of
marketing since so much effort has been directed towards a particular organization
or region.
In Nasugbu, there are lot of beautiful beaches where you can relax because
of the wonderful view. Theres also a Batangas beach resort directory, list
of beach resort in Batangas, a province that is famous for excellent dive sites,
beach resorts, and the worlds lowest volcano. Batangas is going nowhere but up.
It is a thriving tourist destination replete with open beaches and sheltered coves,
subterranean caves and deep harbours, a preserved heritage and brave men in
history. There are also different businesses at the Nasugbu like hotels, restaurants,
beauty salons, computer shops, pharmacy, market and resorts.
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The traditional way of searching establishments is to ask other people to locate
what they are pointing out especially the tourists that are visiting Nasugbu.
Another way is by viewing the yellow pages directory that can help them locate
the businesses they are looking for. For establishments that look for a worker,
printed job announcements are posted. The applicants need to pass a resume
personally.

Setting of the Study
The Nasugbu Online Business Directory is conducted at Nasugbu, Batangas.
Nasugbu is a first class municipality in the province of Batangas, Philippines.
According to the latest census, it has a population of 113,926 people in 19,615
households. It has 47 barangays and the 12 barangays are in the Poblacion where
the evaluation is to be conducted.
Nasugbu is synonymous with beautiful coastline. People go to the beaches to
bask in the pristine sea and witness beautiful seascapes. It was then President
Ferdinand Marcos who recognized the potential of the white sand beaches as
tourist destinations; this puts Nasugbu as a potential tourism spots. This boosted
the town's tourism industry, with focus on its beaches.

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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The proposed study aimed to develop an information system which can help
look for an establishment where jobs are available.
Specifically, the study sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the level of acceptability of the existing system in terms of:
a. Accuracy;
b. Reliability;
c. Maintainability;
d. User-friendliness;
e. Simplicity

2. What is the level of acceptability of the proposed system in terms of:
a. Accuracy;
b. Reliability;
c. Maintainability;
d. User-friendliness;
e. Simplicity

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3. Is there a significant difference of the existing and the proposed system in
terms of:
a. Accuracy;
b. Reliability;
c. Maintainability;
d. user-friendliness;
e. simplicity

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Through the study, the readers/viewers, jobseekers, researchers, and
establishments of Nasugbu and the future researchers will have an idea about the
Nasugbu Online Business Directory.
Readers/Viewers. This study may help the readers/viewers to gather some
information about the business directory. It will provide ideas about the latest
system in the existing business directory.
Jobseekers. This study will help the users to find the exact location of the
establishments in Nasugbu thus, saving money, time and effort.
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Establishments of Nasugbu. This study will help the establishments to
advertise their business. It will also help them to find workers for their business in
the easiest way.
Researchers. This study will help the researchers to develop their knowledge
and skills about the software that was used in developing the system.
Future Researchers. This study may serve as reference for the future
researchers. This study will provide future researchers the knowledge on how to
create an online system that is easy to understand.

SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
This Nasugbu Online Business Directory aims to help the users to find the
exact location of establishments in Nasugbu. In this study, the users are not only
able to find the establishments, but can also apply for a job. The programming
language that the researchers used is the PHP. The statistical method that the
researchers used is the random sampling method.
This business directory also enables the users to see the list of businesses in
Nasugbu according to category. It can be listed by hotels, restaurants, beauty
salons, clinics, general merchandise, computer shops, pharmacy, market, fast food,
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hardware, laundry shops, pawnshops and resorts. This online business directory is
accessible to all the users who want to locate the different establishments in
Nasugbu. In addition, it also includes job lists for job seekers. Businesses can post
job vacancy or make advertisements on the website. The applicant can also upload
their resume on the site instead of submitting it personally. These benefits will
save money, time and effort. This directory is updatable as when some businesses
move to other location or a change in the status of their recruitment. The
administrator who was responsible for updating the system is the Business Permit
and Licensing Office in the Municipality of Nasugbu.
Famous landmarks will be seen in the map. In terms of finding available jobs,
the researchers add keyword to filter the list of establishments who are in need of a
worker.
This business directory is accessible only through browsing the internet and
cannot be accessed through mobile phone directly. The list of establishments in
Nasugbu is limited and excludes small retailed stores. The study is limited to
establishments located in Poblacion Nasugbu.



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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter is the review of related literature and studies that aim to help to a
great extent in gaining better insights for this study. All this information was
gathered from the internet.

CONCEPTUAL LITERATURE
Yellow Pages is one of the fast growing online business directories that list and
organize businesses or companies according to different categories and
subcategories. This directory displayed the companys business information, such
as the companys description, address, contact numbers, contact persons, email,
website, products or services offered, Google map, and other important
information that customers and other interested people are searching for and it
help users easily find the businesses they are looking for. One of the examples of
Yellow Pages is Yalwa business directory. It is a free business directory that offers
business listings in the Philippines for nearly every industry sector in all major
cities. Using the Yalwa business pages is very simple: just one click on your city
will take you the business listings and to a number of local businesses in your
selected area. Leave behind the time consuming searches at Search Engines - the
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Yalwa business pages will provide you with the desired information fast and
easily. To make browsing the business directory simple, the business entries in
your city are sectioned into different categories. At this business pages, you will
not only find travel agencies and accommodation, you can also search for car
rentals, attractions, and amusement parks. Even visa agencies or translation
services are covered in the business directory to make sure all of your travel needs
are taken cared of. EYP.ph is also an example of yellow pages here in the
Philippines where you can find businesses here in our country. It has also a search
bar for what business establishment you are looking for and theres also a search
bar for the address to point out where to locate the business establishments.
According to Chuck Murray (2012), business directory services provide lists of
businesses in a given area and matching a specified name or category. Business
directory data comes from third-party providers of such data. These providers
probably have different business categories, and even different hierarchical
structures. A unifying pattern in the various approaches is that businesses are
categorized by subject and location. The location component is well understood;
for example, for the United States, either a ZIP code or the combination of a city
and state, and optionally a specific address, can be used to determine the location
from which to start searching. The categorization of businesses, on the other hand,
is not uniformly implemented. Some providers offer a flat list of categories, user-
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selected by simple substring matching. Others offer a 3-level or 4-level
hierarchical organization of subcategories, often with a fan-out (maximum number
of child categories at a level) of 20 to 50, and sometimes more than 100. A user
might start the hierarchy traversal at the root of the hierarchy (by default).
Alternatively, a user might enter a keyword that is matched to an appropriate
starting point within the hierarchy. Such keyword matching might go beyond
simple substring matching and result in more intelligent choices.
There are top three example of business directory; first is the Google business
directory. Second is the Yahoo directory which is a web directory that rivals
the Open Directory Project in size. It provides both a search engine and a directory
service, and the directory is searchable separately from the rest of their search
engine results. Lastly is the Bing Business Directory, it is one of the largest and
fast growing directory websites in its time. Everyday more than 500 business
websites are getting their listing in this directory. This website is a free listing site.
It is an easiest way to get genuine traffic towards the website and it has a huge
category list to choose from. This directory helps others businesses to grow with
global online market.
According to Christopher Null (2011), websites require a considerable
investment of energy, expertise, and design know-how to construct and launch.
But building a site is only half the story: Websites also have to be hosted on
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servers, ready for you hope the thousands of people who are dying to read your
content, hire your firm, or pay for your services. Much like the servers that
websites reside on, Web hosting services are rapidly approaching commodity
status, as providers offer many of the same features while racing to the bottom on
pricing. But although many Web hosting services look alike and cost about the
same, appearances can be deceiving--there are nontrivial differences, particularly
among higher-end plans.
Google has been pushing Google Maps lately towards businesses to foster the
understanding that its more than just a navigation device, but also a tool that can
be utilized to navigate potential customers into the direction of becoming actual
customers. According to Drew Bowling on the article Google Maps for Business
Unrolls New Website, Tools for the Trade, the latest addition to the Google
Maps for Business campaign is a new website. The new business webpage is
aimed at two types of industry: retail, and transport and logistics. On the retail side
of the pool, youll find a series of tips on how to effectively apply Google Maps in
your greater strategy for putting customers inside your store because, really, if you
dont have that then you probably will have difficulty moving that merchandise.
Business owners will find tips on basics like how to put your location on Google
Maps to more advanced wizardry like using maps to show people exactly how
much stock you have of a particular item.
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PHP is an HTML-embedded scripting language. Much of its syntax is received
from C, Java and Perl with a couple of unique PHP-specific features thrown in.
The target of the language is to allow web developers to write dynamically
generated pages speedily.
PHP is a reflective programming language planned particularly to blend with
HTML, and often in association with MySQL; it is used in Content Management
Systems and other web applications. It is accessible on many platforms, including
Windows, Unix/Linux and Mac OS X, and is open source software.
Apart from manipulating the content of your pages, PHP can also send HTTP
headers. You can set cookies, manage authentication, and redirect the users. In
addition to this, it offers remarkably good connectivity to many databases and
ODBC, and integration with various external libraries that let you do everything
from generating PDF documents to parsing XML.
PHP is a server-side scripting language for creating dynamic Web pages. This
is the most traditional and main target field for PHP. You create pages with PHP
and HTML. When a visitor opens the page, the server work on the functions of
PHP commands and then sends the results to the visitor's browser, just as with
ASP or Cold Fusion.

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RESEARCH LITERATURE
The study of Lourdes Aponte-Rosario entitled New Online Directory of
Latina Businesses Fills a Growing Need...Latinas Represent the Fastest Growing
Entrepreneurial Sector in the U.S. Business Community tells about how the
Internet shoppers will be able to locate Latina owned firms by business category
(NAICS Code), product/service key word, company name, street address, city,
state, and ZIP code. In addition, shoppers can find the Latina business via a Map
Locator.
Hispanic Business Women's Alliance (HBWA) has launched a new,
interactive Online Directory of Latina Business Owners and Professionals at
www.latinamarketplace.com. This online directory will help Internet shoppers
easily find and do business with Latina Business Owners and Professionals in the
United States, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, registered in the Directory.
According to the President of HBWA and Publisher of the Online Directory
(2002), there are 540,909 Latina owned businesses in the United States and
another 111,287 Latina businesses jointly owned with a male partner. All are
excellent prospects to be registered in this new Directory.
It is not generally known that Latinas represent the fastest growing
entrepreneurial sector in the U.S. business community. According to the Center for
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Women's Research, Latina entrepreneurs are starting businesses at a rate that is
fully six times that of the national average. Yet it has not been easy for consumers
or other businesses to identify and contact them by city or state. The Online
Directory of Latina Business Owners and Professionals will help facilitate the
process as more and more companies are registered as a result of HBWA's
collaborative efforts with local Hispanic Chambers of Commerce and Latina
organizations.
Ms. Aponte-Rosario also anticipates that non-Hispanic business owners
seeking to penetrate the rapidly growing U.S. Hispanic market, expected to reach
$1 trillion by 2010, will utilize the new online Directory to identify potential
Latina suppliers, clients or strategic partners.
The study of John Kostrzewa entitled Businesses Get Access to New Online
Database is about one-stop shopping center for small business owners in search
of exporting leads, loan information, business consultation services or state
permitting information. The data base is available free of charge statewide and is
accessible to anyone with a computer and a modem. It used simple key strokes
and, operators can make selections to move through the various menus. But there
is no ability to search by words or subjects and no ability to jump from data
base to data base without going back through the menus which is demonstrated by
Weygand and his staff.
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The study from Jason Sokoloff and Hedrick Amanda, The Business Analyst
Online (BAO) is a multifaceted, dynamic, Web-based mapping tool and market
research source that provides demographics, economics, and business statistics of
U.S. geographies. The database offers users the ability to define locations
precisely and generate reports on consumer spending, socioeconomic
characteristics, business locations, and motor vehicle traffic volume. While laden
with a variety of practical tools and advanced functionality, BAO's intricacies and
interface can be difficult to navigate leaving inexperienced users potentially
unaware of some of the database's most advanced and powerful features.
The Batangas State University ARASOF Nasugbu Campus Directory System
(BADS) by Tim Kelvin V. Araneta, Israel C. Balinado and Dominic M. Alicaway
provides an efficient and effective way to answer inquiries from old students and
new students, faculty and staff and vision of the university. It focused on the
development of university information that provides a helpful guide to individuals
seeking for accurate information about BSU ARASOF Nasugbu Campus,
facilities, faculties and staff.
From the research of Andrew Luis S. Medrano, Emil Don T. de Ocampo,
Ednes Leslie A. Derige and Jenette B. Evangelista entitled 3D Information Map
Using Touch Screen for Blessed Christ Child Montessori Foundation Inc. which
is about developing a system that can be used to help the students, guest, and
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visitors for the improvement of transporting information. This study provides a
better information system to help people who do not know the place. This
information map was more helpful source of information.
According to the research of Banessa Dionson Endozo, Froy Ian Bassit
Abelinde and Aizabel Magat Guzano entitled Nasugbu 3d Map for Google
Earth, a map is a visual representation of an area a symbolic depiction
highlighting relationship between elements of that space such as objects, regions.
Nasugbu 3D Map for Google Earth helps the Municipal tourism of Nasugbu as
well as owner of the establishment who are the major part of this study. The main
goal of this study is to create a new way of introducing tourists spots, prominent
landmarks, and establishment along the way from Palico, Nasugbu Batangas to the
Town Proper of Nasugbu. The Nasugbu 3D Map enables the user for searching
and remotely accessing the establishment inside the Google Earth. This system
provides a faster and better service for the users. Upon using the said system,
searching, locating, and looking for places virtually could easily be done. The
main objective of the system is to give well improved services that will establish
a new way of exposing Nasugbu town proper wonders.



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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
The conceptual framework is consists of three components; the input, process,
and output components.

Figure 2.1. Research Paradigm of the Conceptual Framework
Frame 1 represents the input of the study. The input shows the needed
requirements to pursue the study.
Frame 2 represents the step by step procedure to accomplish our research. It is
composed of requirements gathering and analysis, system design, implementation,
deployment of system and maintenance.
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Frame 3 represents the output of the study which is the Nasugbu Online
business Directory.

SYNTHESIS
Business directory aims to collect and promote all types of local businesses in
one place on their website simply categorized and thus increase the number of
potential customers to finds one. A business directory is a website or printed
listing of information which lists all businesses within some categories. Business
directory can be categorized by subject or by location. An online business
directory can be a great resource for those who need to check a particular
company's reputation and can do so in an efficient manner. Choosing the right
business directory to work with and do your search can be an invaluable tool for a
user.
In the research entitled 3D Information Map Using Touch Screen for Blessed
Christ Child Montessori Foundation Inc., the system uses map that can tell every
students about their location and the location they were looking for. This study
was developed to help the students, guest, and visitors to improve transporting
information. The result is that, the developed system is more dependable and
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interesting. In our study, users can apply for a job through internet. Although our
map is not 3D, it can function accurately.
In the research entitled Batangas State University ARASOF Nasugbu Campus
Directory System (BADS), the system is an efficient and effective way to answer
inquiries from old and new students, about faculty and staff and also provides the
vision of the university. It focused on the development of university information
system that provides a helpful guide to individuals seeking for accurate
information about BSU ARASOF Nasugbu Campus, its facilities, faculty and
staff. This study differs with the new research in terms of map used and posting
jobs and advertisements.
According to the research entitled Nasugbu 3d Map for Google Earth, the
system enables the user to search and accessed to remote the establishments inside
the Google Earth. This study has the same features in the proposed system
because both systems use map to locate the establishment.
Yellow Pages directory is similar to the proposed system in terms of displaying
the companys business information such as the companys description, address,
contact numbers, contact persons, email, website, products or services offered and
Google map.
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Latina Business Directory and the proposed system have the same features.
Both directories use Map Locator to find business; additionally in Nasugbu Online
Business Directory, the users can apply for an available job, which is an additional
feature of the proposed system.
In the research entitled The Business Analyst Online (BAO), the system is
similar to the proposed system because it uses mapping tool and it is a dynamic
web-based information system but the database of The Business Analyst Online
(BAO) offers the users the ability to define locations precisely.
The research entitled Businesses Get Access to New Online Database, the
system is about one stop-stop shopping center for small business consultation
services or state permitting information. It has the same features with the proposed
system because it uses simple key strokes and can make selections to move
through the various menus. It is different however, in terms of availability to
search by words or subjects and Businesses Get Access to New Online Database
has no ability to jump from database to database without going back through the
menus.
The proposed project entitled Nasugbu Online Business Directory, is a
directory which is a web-based information system where one can have an access
to the lists of the establishments in Nasugbu and see which establishments are
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looking for workers. This research is different from the other studies because users
can upload the requirements to the establishments that are looking for workers. It
is like a newspaper classified ads; only this business directory is not only for the
workers and owners of the establishments; but also for the people who are looking
for the exact location of the establishment. The researchers added maps to guide
the users.

DEFINITION OF TERMS
For clarification, the terms operationally used in this study are defined as
follows:
3D mapping 3D maps gives you a schematic, angled view of the route ahead as
if seen from above. 3D mapping makes it easier to visualize the next move along
the way.
Business Directory refers to a website or printed listing of information which
lists all businesses within a category.
Information Mapping refers to a methodology specifically designed to make
technical communication in business and industry easier and faster.
Information System refers to the interface used by the researchers in order to
develop the proposed study.
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One-Stop Shopping refers to an idea of providing convenient and efficient
services that create the opportunity for the company to sell more products to
clients and customers.
Web-Based refers to an application in which parts are downloaded from the
Web each time it is run.

















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CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter provides the following discussion on research methodology used
in the study. It includes research design, development process, programming
procedure and software and hardware requirements for the completion of the
project.

DESIGN STAGES OF THE PROCESS
The researchers used the waterfall model for the development and
implementation of a new system. This will help understand the progress of the
system from the Requirements phase through the Maintenance phase.

Source: Roger S. Pressman, 2010
Figure 3.1 Waterfall Model
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Waterfall model is used to linear process development. It is a sequential design
process, often used in software process development in which progress is seen as
flowing steadily downwards through the phases of Requirements, Analysis,
Design, Coding, Testing and Maintenance. Requirements for a problem are well
understood-when work flows from communication through deployment in a
reasonably linear fashion. This situation is encountered when well-defined
adaptations or enhancements to an existing system are made.
Requirements
In this phase, all possible requirements of the system to be developed are
captured. Requirements are a set of functions and constraints that the end user
expects from the system. The requirements are gathered from the end user at the
start of the software development phase.
The researchers gathered information needed in the development of the
proposed system. They interviewed people like the head of Business Permit and
Licensing Office Department in the Municipality of Nasugbu to know the total
number of registered establishments around Nasugbu Poblacion. The COMELEC
Department was likewise interviewed to know the number of registered voters
whose age ranges from eighteen (18) years and above.

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Analysis
The requirements are analyzed for their validity, and the possibility of
incorporating the requirements in the system to be developed. The requirement
specifications from the first phase are studied in this phase.
The researchers reviewed and analyzed the information gathered from the
research and interviews to proceed in the development of the system. The
researchers made use of the different data gathering instruments in order to make
the plan for the system and to analyze how the proposed system will be developed
and how it will be beneficial for the establishments, jobseekers, viewers and to the
Municipality of Nasugbu.
Design
Before starting the actual coding phase, it is highly important to understand the
requirements of the end user and to have an idea of how the end product should
look like. System design helps in specifying hardware and software requirements
and also helps in defining the overall system architecture. The system design
specifications serve as an input for the next phase of the model.


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Coding
The coding phase of the software life-cycle is concerned with the development
of code that will implement the design. This code is written is a formal language
called programming language. Programming languages have evolved over time
from sequences of ones and zeros directly interpretable by a computer, through
symbolic machine code, assembly languages, and finally to higher-level languages
that are more understandable to people.
The researchers used PHP programming language in developing the system. It
allows web developers to write dynamically generated pages speedily. (Please
refer to the Appendix for the program codes.)
Testing
Testing is the process of evaluating a system or application to detect errors and
to check whether the application meets all requirements of the client. The system
was tested repeatedly and attempted to push the system to its limit with regard to
its capability and reliability.
The researchers applied different testing techniques such as unit testing,
integration testing and system testing. The researchers tested every forms of the
system to assure that every function is accurate and errors free in every phase. The
researchers ensured that the connection among various subsystems work
30

successfully. The buttons were also checked to assure that they display the correct
proceeding forms once they are clicked.
Maintenance
This phase of the model is virtually a never-ending phase. Generally, problems
with the system developed (which are not found during the development life
cycle) which come up after its practical use starts, so the issues related to the
system are solved after the deployment of the system. The problems do come into
picture directly but they arise from time to time and need to be solved; hence this
process is referred to as maintenance.
The system should be monitored quarterly to update the database thus avoiding
the overflow of data.

DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
The waterfall model illustrates the software development process in a linear
sequential flow. This means that any phase in the development process begins
only if the previous phase is complete.


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Testing Process
Testing is the process of running a system with the purpose of finding errors.
The researchers tested the software to determine its capabilities under certain
condition to become more effective and efficient. System testing is performed to
ensure that elements which are part of the system (e.g. hardware and database) are
adequately combined and the functional performance is obtained. Testing shows if
the system performs its projected functions properly. The researchers tested the
functionality of the system to evaluate if it obtained the objective. The researchers
tested the system to evaluate if the system built works correctly as a whole.
Debugging Process
Debugging is a very time consuming and tedious task with only limited support
from automated tools. Debugging can locate and correct the errors in a computer
program code, tries to locate and x faults (bugs) after failures are detected during
testing or during use.
During the debugging process, many unwanted errors are detected such as
missing variables and syntax error. While designing the device, failure was also
encountered. The researchers used PHP programming language wherein a
debugger is automatically installed in it. Problems were detected and programs
were edited for accuracy.
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Validation Process
To determine the accessibility of the system, the researchers provided some
questionnaires for evaluating the system. The researchers explained to the
respondents the step by step procedures on how the system works. The criteria for
evaluating the system are according to its accuracy, reliability, maintainability,
user-friendliness and simplicity.
1. Accuracy- This means that the system has the nearness to the true
significance commonly seen. It reacts as the user utilizes the program.
2. Reliability- It means that the system is dependable. This is to measure
whether the users can rely on the information from the system.
3. Maintainability- It means that it will ultimately determine the quality of the
software produced, which will help to meet user requirements. These
criteria will therefore reduce problems especially for corrective and
accurate maintenance.
4. User- friendliness- The primary reason why the software is developed is for
the convenience of the user.
5. Simplicity-It means that the proposed system can be easily used by the
users.

33

PROGRAMMING PROCEDURE
The researchers used the PHP programming language. PHP is a server-
side scripting language for creating dynamic Web pages. This is the most
traditional and main target field for PHP where you can create pages with PHP and
HTML.
In developing the proposed system, the researchers were guided by the
following procedures:
1. Analyzing and gathering information. It is important to analyze the
gathered information for the validity and the possibility of incorporating the
requirements in the system.
2. Designing of forms and system. The design must be noticeable by the users.
3. Programming. This is one of critical procedures in the development of the
system. It is the process of producing the source code that is robust, easy to
understand and maintain through specified programming language.
4. Testing and evaluation. The system must be tested first for evaluation. The
system will be uploaded to the Internet through 0fees.net.
5. Acceptability and implementation. This determines whether the system fits
the needs and is accepted by the users.

34

Flow Chart


Figure 3.2 Flow Chart of the Proposed System
Figure 3.2 shows each flow of the system, including the process in applying for
a job, posting advertisements and job offerings to understand the step by step
procedure in operating the system properly.
35

Context Diagram



Figure 3.3 Context Diagram of the Proposed System
Figure 3.3 shows the process of the registration of the administrator,
establishment, and jobseeker. It explains the procedure in applying for a job and
posting job offerings and advertisements in an unexploded mode.

36

Data Flow Diagram (DFD)



Figure 3.4 Data Flow Diagram of the Proposed System
Figure 3.4 shows rectangles represent the entities while the different rounded
squares represent the number denoting the particular processes. When the end
users register in the directory and post job offerings and advertisements, it can
easily save into the database.

37

Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)


Figure 3.5 ERD of the Proposed System
Figure 3.5 shows the presentations of structured data and the process of
generating the models of entities (which are rectangular in shape) represent
discrete objects, while the relationship (verbs) denote how two or more entities are
related to one another.
38

SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE NEEDED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT

Software Requirements
The software requirements refer to the applications used by the design project
to perform its function.
Table 3.1
Software Requirement Needed for Development
Software Recommended
Operating System Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows XP
Programming Language PHP
Database Provider MySql
Internet Browser All types of Browser
Web Editor Adobe DreamWeaver CS6

The researchers used Windows 7, Windows 8, and Windows XP operating
system because it is compatible with the program used. The researchers used PHP
programming language because it is a server-side scripting language for creating
dynamic Web pages wherein one can create pages with PHP and HTML. The
database provider that was used is MySql. The system will run in all types of
browser. The researchers used Adobe Dreamweaver CS6 for their web editor.


39

Hardware Requirements
Table 3.2
Hardware Requirement Needed for Development
Hardware Recommended
Processor Intel Pentium CPU
Memory 1 GB
Hard disk 1 Terabyte
Motherboard P 4 compatible or higher
Video Card 2 Gb or higher
Keyboard 101 key
Monitor 17 SVGA (800X600) or higher

The table above shows all the hardware requirements that are needed in order
for the system to run smoothly, efficient, and accurate. The researchers used
Intel Pentium CPU processor, 1GB memory, 17 SVGA (800X600) or higher
type of monitor and 2 Gb or higher video card to develop the system.

INSTRUMENTATION
The survey forms that were used by the researchers include the needed
information from the respondents. These evaluate the existing and proposed
project in terms of accuracy, reliability, maintainability, user-friendliness and
simplicity.

40

PREPARATION AND EVALUATION
During the preparation and evaluation stage, the researchers provided
questionnaires to get the needed information. The questionnaires included sets of
questions related to the functionality of the project such as accuracy, reliability,
maintainability, user friendliness and simplicity of the system. Through these
questionnaires, the researchers were able to know the respondents reactions which
were very essential for to improvement of the system.

Sampling Procedure
The researchers used the random sampling technique in choosing the
respondents for the evaluation of the system. They were selected from a group of
person coming from a larger group of a population. Each individual was chosen
entirely by chance. The researchers used Slovins formula to compute the sample
size.

Where: n= sample size
N= population size
e= margin of error
41

CHAPTER IV
FINDINGS, PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION
The contents of this chapter summarize the components of the proposed
system, including the structure, the programming language used, the hardware and
software specifications required to run the system and the process and
maintenance procedures.

STRUCTURE
This section discusses the structure and components of the proposed system.
The following are the hardware and software specification that contains the
requirements to develop the system, process, maintenance, security and backup,
demonstration, testing and evaluation.

Hardware Specification
The researchers used the following hardware specifications for the
development of the proposed system.

42

Table 4.1
Hardware Specification
Hardware Recommended
Processor Intel Pentium CPU
Memory 1 GB
Hard disk 1 Terabyte
Motherboard P 4 compatible or higher
Video Card 2 Gb or higher
Keyboard 101 key
Monitor 17 SVGA (800X600) or higher
Table 4.1 shows the hardware needed in order to utilize the online system.

Software Specification
The researchers used the following software specifications for the development
of the proposed system.
Table 4.2
Software Specification
Software Recommended
Operating System Windows 7, Windows 8,Windows XP
Internet Browser All types of Browser
Programming Language PHP
Database Provider MySql
Web Editor Adobe DreamWeaver CS6
Table 4.2 shows the software needed in order to utilize the online system.
43

PROCESS
Process put importance on the methods or ways for the continuous functionality
of the system. It involves the software maintenance procedures to assure that the
system doing its function well.
The researchers followed the research paradigm which is the waterfall model
(Roger S. Pressman, 2010) so that progress will be seen; that in every stage the
researchers produced an accurate and consistent output. In evaluation, the
researchers asked the Business Permit and Licensing Office Department of the
Municipality of Nasugbu to know the number of registered establishments in
Nasugbu Poblacion. To filter out the respondents, the researchers asked the
COMELEC Department to know the number of citizens in Nasugbu Poblacion
whose age is eighteen (18) years and above.

Maintenance
Hardware and software system should be maintained as a critical aspect to
consider for the function of the system. Hardware maintenance includes checking
the computer hardware to determine if it has the capability to handle the
processing of the system. Software maintenance involves the regular checking of
the system. It is important to debug errors in the system.
44

In software maintenance, the system should be quarterly monitored to update
the database of the system in order to avoid the overflow of the data.

Security and Backup
Security is an idea implemented to protect software against malicious attack
and other hacker risks so that the software continues to function correctly under
such potential risks. Security is necessary to provide integrity, authentication and
availability of the information in the system. This is important that the proposed
study is maintained properly. The maintenance for the proposed study prevents the
system from any kind of damage.
In order to secure the information, the system is protected because the system
requires a registered username and password before someone can have an access
to it. This implied that the registered users have an access to the system. This will
secure the data from unauthorized person or to avoid from any form of human
intervention.
In terms of backup, the user can back up the file together with the databases by
saving the system on a flash drive or in other storage devices.

45

DEMONSTRATION
Demonstration was an appearance of how the system performed its intended
task or behavior. It consists of testing, evaluation, findings and interpretation of
the system. The Nasugbu Online Business Directory was presented to the
respondents for demonstration and evaluation. The researchers provided
questionnaires to test the level of acceptability of the proposed system.
The administrator, establishments and jobseekers must enter the right
combination of username and password in order to view the system main
interface. Only administrator can view the account of the registered
establishments. The jobseekers can only apply for a job if they registered in the
Nasugbu Online Business Directory. The establishments can register once the
administrator provides their business plate. They can also post job offers and
advertisement. The viewers can search establishments by category and they can
look for the location of the establishment by viewing the map.
To ensure that these features run in good condition and perform the intended
function, the researchers conducted the testing and evaluation process to determine
the level of acceptability of the software.


46

Testing
Testing the system was done in every completed stage. When each stage is
done, the developers themselves tested its functionality. After completing all the
phases, the system was integrated and tested again to find out if it still performs
the intended functions.
The researchers maintained a consistent unit testing of every form finished, to
assure that every function was accurate, were positioned and enabled correctly.
After successful unit testing, the researchers ensure that the connection among
the various subsystems worked successfully through integration testing. The
researchers also checked whether the buttons displayed the correct preceeding
forms once they were clicked.
After the integration testing was completed and the researchers were assured
that there were no errors within the phases of the form, the researchers began the
system testing. This was done to ensure the accuracy of the system and to avoid
unnecessary bugs and errors while the system was running. After the system
testing was completed, the researchers began the user-acceptance testing where
they consulted different concerned individuals, including the end-users composed
of the administrator, the establishments and the jobseekers to confirm whether the
47

system complied within the standards and if the researchers met the demands of
the end-users.

Evaluation
The researchers utilized the Slovins formula to identify the sample size who
will evaluate the existing and proposed system. The population composed of eight
hundred (800) establishments and eighteen thousand four hundred two (18,402)
jobseekers and viewers whose age were eighteen years (18) and above. The
respondents were asked to fill up the evaluation forms for the researchers to
determine the level of acceptability of the system in terms of its accuracy (The
Nasugbu Online Business Directory System is free from error or failure and
performs software instruction), reliability (The Nasugbu Online Business
Directory is dependable and performs without error at all times), maintainability
(The Nasugbu Online Business Directory can be modified to correct faults,
improve performance, or other attributes, or adapt to a changed environment), user
friendly (The Nasugbu Online Business Directory provides an interface that is
easy to understand and manage), and simplicity (Nasugbu Online Business
Directory can be easily used by the users).
48

Using the Slovins formula, the researchers obtained two hundred sixty seven
(267) respondents who represented the establishments and three hundred ninety
one (391) respondents who represented the job seeker and viewers. The formula
below shows the computation.

Computation to Get the Establishments Respondents
Using the formula,

Where n = sample size
N = 800
e = 5%

49

Computation to Get the Jobseekers and Viewers Respondents
Using the formula,

Where n = sample size
N = 18, 402
e = 5%

18 402
1 18 402
2


18 402
1 18 402

50


18 402
1


18 402
47005

3914902

Findings and Interpretation
To find the level of acceptability of the Nasugbu Online Business Directory,
the researchers distributed questionnaires. Six hundred fifty eight (658)
respondents around Nasugbu Poblacion served as the sample size of the study.
Sample size was obtained using the Slovins formula. The respondents comprise
of two groups namely: two hundred sixty seven (267) respondents for
establishments and three hundred ninety one (391) respondents consisted of the
jobseekers and viewers. Both groups evaluated the manual and the proposed
system based on the set criteria.



51

Table 4.3
Frequency distribution of the Traditional System
Total Number of Participants (N) = 658

Software
Quality

5
(5.00
4.21)
Excellent
4
(4.20

3.41)
Very
Good
3
(3.40

2.61)
Good
2
(2.60

1.81)
Fair
1
(1.80
1.00)
Poor

Weighted
Mean

Verbal
Interpretation
Accuracy 0 1 110 536 11 2.1535 Fair
Reliability 0 9 119 478 52 2.1292 Fair
Maintainability 0 6 176 397 79 2.1657 Fair
User- friendly 2 4 343 257 52 2.4636 Fair
Simplicity 3 3 314 265 73 2.3891 Fair
Average 2.2602 Fair

The table above shows the evaluation of the respondents of the traditional
system according to accuracy, reliability, maintainability, user friendliness and
simplicity. The table also shows the weighted mean and the average of the
evaluation result.
Based on the table, the Accuracy, Reliability, Maintainability, User friendliness
and Simplicity of the traditional system was rated fair by the respondents.



52

Table 4.4
Frequency distribution of the Nasugbu Online Business Directory
Total Number of Participants (N) = 658

Software
Quality

5
(5.00
4.21)
Excellent
4
(4.20

3.41)
Very
Good
3
(3.40

2.61)
Good
2
(2.60

1.81)
Fair
1
(1.80
1.00)
Poor

Weighted
Mean

Verbal
Interpretation
Accuracy 49 556 53 0 0 3.9939 Very Good
Reliability 67 541 50 0 0 4.0258 Very Good
Maintainability 109 506 43 0 0 4.1003 Very Good
User- friendly 203 241 214 0 0 3.9833 Very Good
Simplicity 446 198 14 0 0 4.6565 Excellent
Average 4.152 Very Good

The table above shows the evaluation of the respondents of the proposed
system according to accuracy, reliability, maintainability, user friendliness and
simplicity. The table also shows the weighted mean and the average of the
evaluation result.
Based on the table, the Accuracy, Reliability, Maintainability and User
friendliness of the proposed system was rated Very Good by the respondents. The
Simplicity of the proposed system was rated Excellent by the respondents.


53

Table 4.5
Table of Significant Difference between the Proposed and the Traditional System
in terms of Accuracy, Reliability, Maintainability, User-friendliness and
Simplicity
Software
Qualities
Proposed
System Mean
Traditional
System Mean
D

Accuracy 3.99 2.15 1.84 3.39
Reliability 4.03 2.13 1.9 3.61
Maintainability 4.10 2.17 1.93 3.72
User friendly 3.98 2.46 1.52 2.31
Simplicity 4.66 2.39 2.27 5.15
D = 9.46

= 18.18

Table 4.5 shows the summation of the difference between the proposed and
existing system in terms of accuracy, reliability, maintainability, user-friendliness
and simplicity.

Formula of Dependent T-test mean

54

Where:
D = difference between the Proposed and Traditional System
N = the number software qualities being compared

Computation showing the significant difference between the proposed and
traditional system, using Dependent T-test mean Formulation:

946

51818 946
2
4


946

909 8949
4


946
141


946
119

Observed value of 795
Tabular value 4 df, 5 % = 2.78
55

The observed value of t is greater than the tabular value at 5 % level of
significance. This means that the proposed system mean is significantly different
from the traditional system.













56

CHAPTER V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusions and
recommendations of the researchers after the development of the proposed system.
The succeeding sections detail out the general interpretation of the gathered facts
and data all throughout the development stages of Nasugbu Online Business
Directory.

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

1. The overall acceptability of the traditional system in terms of Accuracy,
Reliability, Maintainability, User-friendliness and Simplicity was rated by
the respondents with an average of two and twenty six hundredths (2.26)
with a verbal interpretation of Fair.
2. The overall acceptability of the Nasugbu Online Business Directory in
terms of Accuracy, Reliability, Maintainability, User-friendliness and
Simplicity was rated with an average of four and fifteen hundredths (4.15)
with a verbal interpretation of Very Good.
57

3. Based on the evaluation, the significant difference between the two systems
shows that the Online Nasugbu Online Business Directory is more
acceptable than the traditional system.

CONCLUSIONS
In accordance with the above findings and study, the following conclusions
were drawn:
1. The traditional system can be enhanced and improved in order to meet the
needs of the viewers, jobseekers and establishments around Nasugbu
Poblacion.
2. The proposed system was proven to be more efficient and acceptable in
terms of Accuracy, Reliability, Maintainability, User-friendliness and
Simplicity. The proposed system can support the needs of the viewers,
jobseekers and establishments in searching for jobs and places around
Nasugbu Poblacion as well as in posting of advertisements and job
vacancy.
3. The proposed system was proven to be more accurate, reliable, user
friendly and simple than the traditional system. In addition, the proposed
58

system can provide a more convenient and less time consuming
transactions than the traditional system.

RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the results of the study, the following recommendations are hereby
recommended:
1. The proposed system must be implemented.
2. Further studies can be made to the system that will include additional
features and improvement like adding other details about the different
establishments and developing the program design.
3. The proposed Nasugbu Online Business Directory can be used as a guide
for the user and expose them on hardware and software technology.
4. Future researchers may enhance this research through the following:
a) developing a mobile version of this system
b) the map can be modified for future use.



59

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