LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED

PAGE NO.- 1OF 9

DATE:-03.11.2007
MSQ(EPCC 1) UP GRADATION
REV.NO.- 0
PROCEDURE FOR RADIOGRAP! TESTING
PROCEDURE NO.-
LT"MSQ"P" RT "00#
CONTENTS
1. SCOPE
2. REFERENCE
3. PERSONNEL
$. IDENTIFICATION OF FILM
%. EQUIPMENT"MATERIAL
&. TECNIQUE
7. IQI
'. LOCATION MAR(ER
#. GEOMETRIC UNSARPNESS
10. BAC( SCATTER RADIATION
11. E)POSURE
12. DENSIT!
13. DAR( ROOM
1$. FILM PROCESSING
1%. QUALIT! OF RADIOGRAPS
1&. EVALUATION
17. ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
1'. DOCUMENTS
1#. SAFET!
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LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED
PAGE NO.- 2OF 9
DATE:-03.11.2007
MSQ(EPCC 1) UP GRADATION
REV.NO.- 0
PROCEDURE FOR RADIOGRAP! TESTING
PROCEDURE NO.-
LT"MSQ"P" RT "00#
1.0 SCOPE:
This procedure describes are method & techniques of radiographic examination of
butt welds of piping construction work of M! "p gradation #ro$ect% &O'( #anipat))
2.0 REFERENCE:
2.1 *M+ +') , *rticle - 2 . /on destructi0e Testing - 1adiographic
+xamination)
2.2 */& 2 31)3 4For acceptance tandard5. 'ode for #rocessing #iping)
2.3 */T 1ecommended practice6 /T.T'.1*.#ersonnel qualification and
certification in /on destructi0e testing)
2.$ *22 pecification /o).77777.8.231
3.0 PERSONNEL:
*ll radiograph9 acti0ities shall be carried out b9 2*1' certified personnel onl9)
1adiograph9 shall be e0aluated b9 certified */T:&/T le0el && personnel)
'ertificate of 1O : site.in.charge% 1adiographers shall be submitted)
$.0 IDENTIFICATION OF FILM :
+ach radiograph shall ha0e permanent identification to establish its precise
location to $ob at least ;mm awa9 from the weld edge) &dentification shall ha0e
minimum following requirement)
$.1 #ro$ect &dentification no)
$.2 (ine no)
$.3 <oint no)
$.$ =.ra9 unique no)
$.% 8elder no)
$.& Thickness
$.7 >ate
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LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED
PAGE NO.- 3OF 9
DATE:-03.11.2007
MSQ(EPCC 1) UP GRADATION
REV.NO.- 0
PROCEDURE FOR RADIOGRAP! TESTING
PROCEDURE NO.-
LT"MSQ"P" RT "00#
*n9 additional information shall be added as required)
%.0 EQUIPMENT"MATERIAL:
%.1 O"1'+ &ridium.192:?amma ra9 source as per requirement will be used)
1efer Table.1
%.2 FILM
%.2.1 *TM '(.& or '(.&& film ma9 be used depending upon sensiti0it9 requirement as
per table below) *ll films to be used for radiograph9 shall be in good condition
and within the period of expir9 date% marked on each indi0idual carton b9
manufacturer)
T9pe of ource and Film to be used for 1adiograph96 Table.&
8all
Thickness 4T5
in mm
Material hop 8elded <oints Field 8elds
ource Film ource Film
19 @ T
*ll materials
?amma.ra9
4&ridium 1925
*?F* >A or
+qui0alent
?amma.ra9
4&riduim 1925
*?F* >A or
+qui0alent
B @ T C 19 'arbon teel
=.ra9
:?amm.ra9
4&ridium 1925
*?F* >A:>;
or +qui0alent
=.ra9 :?amm.
ra9 4&ridium
1925
*?F* >; or
+qui0alent
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PAGE NO.- DOF 9
DATE:-03.11.2007
MSQ(EPCC 1) UP GRADATION
REV.NO.- 0
PROCEDURE FOR RADIOGRAP! TESTING
PROCEDURE NO.-
LT"MSQ"P" RT "00#
C B
' materials
other than
177E 1T
?amma.ra9
4&ridium 1925
*?F* >D or
+qui0alent
?amma.ra9
4&ridium 1925
*?F*
>D:>2 or
+qui0alent
%.2.2 &t shall be ensured that the required sensiti0it9 is achie0ed using the abo0e films)
&f the required sensiti0it9 is not achie0ed consistentl9% fine grain films 4high
contrast5% shall be used) 4low speed films5
%.2.3 * film o0erlap of 27mm on either side of the film shall be pro0ided to
demonstrate the continuit9 of the welds) The minimum width of the film shall be
3F% howe0er for elliptical 4>8>&5 image ;FxDF film shall be used)
%.3 LEAD INTENSIF!ING SCREEN
(ead intensif9ing screen of thickness 7)12;mm front screen and 7)2;mm back
screen are recommended for use) creen shall be free from scratch marks and
wrinkles) creen showing e0idence of ph9sical damage shall be discarded)
&.0 TECNIQUE
*n9 one of the following technique shall be used depend upon siGe% geometr9 &
accessibilit9) &n general% attempt shall be made to do single wall technique)
&.1 SINGLE +ALL
&.1.1 ingle wall image)
This technique is mainl9 used for pipes% where the source can be safel9 placed
inside)
&.1.2 ingle wall panoramic)
ingle exposure% co0ering the whole circumference of the ob$ect) This technique
is mainl9 used for higher diameter pipes% where the source can be safel9 placed
inside) * minimum of three &!&s shall be placed 127 deg apart)
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DATE:-03.11.2007
MSQ(EPCC 1) UP GRADATION
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PROCEDURE FOR RADIOGRAP! TESTING
PROCEDURE NO.-
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&.2 DOUBLE +ALL
&.2.1 >ouble wall single image
This technique is used where single wall technique is not practical) * minimum
three exposures b9 placing source at 127 deg) &nter0al at outer surface% close to
the weld) F> is approximatel9 equal to the diameter of the pipe) Two &!&s shall
be placed on the film side% on both ends of the film% where0er possible)
&.3 DOUBLE +ALL DOUBLE IMAGE (E,,-./-01,"23.45-6.7248)
&.3.1 +lliptical
This technique is used where the diameter is 3);F and below) Minimum two
exposures at 97 deg) to each other shall be taken for the full co0erage of the weld
circumference)
&.3.2 uperimposed
*s an alternati0e% the weld ma9 be radiographed with radiation beam positioned
so that the images of both walls are superimposed) 8hen complete co0erage is
required% a minimum of three exposures at 127 deg) apart shall be made for each
$oint)
7.0 IQI
7.1 8ire t9pe *TM:>&/ pentameter of Hole t9pe pentameter shall be used)
The &!& material selection shall be according to tandard practice + 172; or
+ADA% as applicable as shall be radiograph9call9 similar to the material being
radiographed) The thickness on which the &!& is based shall be the nominal single
wall thickness plus the maximum permitted reinforcement thickness as per
referencing code section) The designated hole &!& or essential wire shall be as
specified in table T.2AI) *lternati0el9 &!& design as per T.233)2 ma9 be
permitted)
#(*'+M+/T OF &!&
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DATE:-03.11.2007
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PROCEDURE FOR RADIOGRAP! TESTING
PROCEDURE NO.-
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&!& shall be placed on source side) 8here accessibilit9 pre0ents hand placing &!&
on source side% it shall be placed on film side with lead letter JFF on the &!& or
ad$acent to it) Howe0er% &!& identification shall not mask the area of interest
including H*K)
7.3 #1O'+>"1+ >+MO/T1*T&O/6
>emonstration of the densit9 and &!& image requirement shall be considered
satisfactor9 e0idence of compliance with this procedure)
>uring establishing radiographic procedure% source side pentameters to be used)
7.$ /"M2+1 OF &!&
7.$.1 +ach radiograph ha0e at least one &!&s)
7.$.2 8hen a $oint is radiographed b9 panoramic 0iew in one exposure% b9 placing
source at the centre% the entire circumference can be radiographed b9 placing at least three &!&s
kept at 127L apart)
'.0 LOCATION MAR(ER:
(ead letters shall be used as location marker) (ocation marker shall appear as
radiograph9 image and shall not be at the area interest) (ocation marker shall be
kept on the $ob itself) #lacement of location marker 4film:source side5 shall be as
per *rticle && of *M+ ec),)
#.0 GEOMETRIC UNSARPNESS(U9):
9)1 The source to film distance shall be maintained in such a manner that the
geometric un sharpness does not exceed the specified limits) ?eometric
"nsharpness 4"g5 is determined b9 the formula "gMFd:> where)
F6 ource siGe in mm 4Maximum pro$ected dimension of radiation source or
>iagonal distance for rectangular shape5
>6 >istance in mm from source to weld or ob$ect to be radiographed 4source side
surface5
d6 >istance in mm from source side of the weld or ob$ect being radiographed to
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PAGE NO.- AOF 9
DATE:-03.11.2007
MSQ(EPCC 1) UP GRADATION
REV.NO.- 0
PROCEDURE FOR RADIOGRAP! TESTING
PROCEDURE NO.-
LT"MSQ"P" RT "00#
the film 4Material thickness5)
10.0 BAC( SCATTER RADIATION:
* lead letter N2O of siGe 4min5 & 1:1IF thick 4min5 should be attached at the
back of film holder to check back scatter radiation)
11.0 E)POSURE:
The required exposure time shall be calculated from exposure chart or slide rules)
+xposure calculations ma9 also be used if charts and rules are not a0ailable
12.0 DENSIT!:
For =.ra9% 1adiograph9 densit9 permissible range would be 1)B to D)7 H & >)
For ?amma ra9% 1adiograph9 densit9 permissible range would be 2)7 to D)7 H&>
The densit9 0ariation o0er the area of interest shall be with minus 1;E or plus
37E of the densit9 measured near the required wire or o0er the T+# HO(+ t9pe
&!&) &f the shim is used under the &!& densit9 0ariation ma9 exceed more than
37E
13.0 DAR( ROOM
13.1 shall be located at an en0ironment free from% dust% fume% excessi0e heat and
radiation) afe lights be checked to pre0ent fogging of films)
13.2 "nexposed films would be kept in 0ertical position to pre0ent pressure mark)
1$.0 FILM PROCESSING :
Film processing shall be done in air conditioned dark room)
Manual film processing shall be carried out as per the guide lines of +.9D% Film
processing chemicals shall be procured from reputed manufacturer and shall not
be used after expir9 date) The solutions shall be prepared as per ManufactureOs
recommendation) The film shall be de0eloped at 27L ' and in accordance with the
ManufactureOs recommendation)
1%.0 QUALIT! OF RADIOGRAPS:
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PAGE NO.- BOF 9
DATE:-03.11.2007
MSQ(EPCC 1) UP GRADATION
REV.NO.- 0
PROCEDURE FOR RADIOGRAP! TESTING
PROCEDURE NO.-
LT"MSQ"P" RT "00#
The films submitted for e0aluation shall be free from blemishes to the extent that
the9 do not mask with image of an9 discontinuit9 in the area of interest of the
sub$ect being radiographed) uch blemishes include% but are not limited to6
i) Fogging
ii) #rocessing defects such as streaks% watermarks% chemical stains%
iii) cratches% finger marks% crimps% dirtiness% static marks% smudges
i0) False indications due to defecti0e screens
1&.0 EVALUATION:
!ualified 1T (e0el && personnel meeting the requirements of /T.T'.&* of
*/T and authoriGed To9o &nspector shall e0aluate the radiographs) *fter re0iew
b9 To9o% radiographs shall be offered to +&( for their re0iew and acceptance)
17.0 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA:
*cceptance criteria shall be s per *M+ 2)31)3 Table 3D1)3)2 and applicable
specifications)
1'.0 DOCUMENTS:
1eports shall be maintained in Formats /o) LT"MSQ"PIPE"RGM"013 &
LT"MSQ"PIPE"RGI"01$ and cop9 shall be forwarded to #M' on dail9 basis)
*ll documents required b9 statutor9 bodies are to be maintained and kept at site)
1#.0 SAFET!:
1#.1 #recautions shall be taken as per H+ requirement of the #ro$ect as well 2*1'
requirements
1#.2 1adiograph9 source shall be stored in a pit in an exclusi0e storage room with lock
and ke9 arrangement) This pit shall be appro0ed b9 2*1') ource transfer
certificate% #it room appro0al certificate form 2*1' shall be furnished to #M')
1#.3 >uring radiograph9 the following precaution shall be taken)
1#.3.1 'ordoning of area
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PAGE NO.- 9OF 9
DATE:-03.11.2007
MSQ(EPCC 1) UP GRADATION
REV.NO.- 0
PROCEDURE FOR RADIOGRAP! TESTING
PROCEDURE NO.-
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1#.3.2 >ispla9 of radiation s9mbols)
1#.3.3 >ispla9 of red lights)
1#.3.$ 1adiations le0el check b9 >osimeter : 1adiation sur0e9 meter)
1#.$ #ermit for carr9ing out radiograph9% as applicable shall be obtained)
1#.% 1adiographers shall wear film badges appro0ed b9 2*1')
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