01 WCDMA Core Network Overview ISSUE1.0

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WCDMA Core Network
Overview
ISSUE 1.0

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Chapter1 Core Network Evolution
Chapter2 R99 Core Network
Definition of Core Network
CN includes a series of physical entities to realize user location
management, network function and service control, such as (G)MSC, HLR,
SCP, SMC,GSN etc.
CN can be divided into three types: Home Network Domain, Transit Network
Domain and Transit Network Domain. Ref. is 3GPP 23.101.
User Equipment Domain
Access Network Domain Core Network Domain
Infrastructure Domain
Cu
Mobile
Equipment
Domain
USIM
Domain
Home
Network
Domain

Transit
Network
Domain

Uu Iu
[ Zu]
[ Yu]
Serving
Network
Domain

Release Evolution of WCDMA
R4
R5
R99
Inherit all the services and
functions of 2G ( GSM
and GPRS )
CN is composed of CS
domain and PS domain
Adopt WCDMA UTRAN
Iu interface between RAN
and CN is based on ATM
Inherit all the services and
functions of R99
CS domain change: control is
separated from bearer, the
function of MSC can be fulfilled
by MSC SERVER and MGW.
Packet voice supported by CS
domain, supporting ATM, IP,
TDM bearer
Inherit all the services
and functions of R4
IM domain is adopted
RAN evolved to IP
Enhanced IP QoS ability ,
supporting end to end IP
multimedia service
2000 2001 2002
function frozen time
Questions
What functions can CN provide?
What is the WCDMA first version? How about the features?
Which domain in WCDMA R4 can implement the function of
control separated from bearer?
R99 Network Architecture
BSS
BSC
RNS
RNC
CN
Node B Node B
A IuPS
Iur
Iub
MS
Uu
MSC
SGSN
Gs
GGSN GMSC
Gn
HLR
Gr
Gc C
D
E
AuC
H
EIR
F
Gf
Gi
PSTN
IuCS Gb
VLR
B
Gp
VLR
G
BTS BTS
Um
RNC
Abis
MSC
B
PSTN
cell
PCU
UE
GSM /GPRS BSS
BTS
BSC
NodeB
RNC
PCU
UTRAN

SCP
SMS
SCE
PSTN
ISDN
Internet,
Intranet
MSC/VLR
GMSC
HLR/AUC
SGSN
CG
BG
GGSN
GPRS/
Other PLMN
SS7
R99 Core NetworkFeatures and Technologies
Core Network is split into CS domain and PS domain. CS domain
is based on original GSM network. PS domain is based on
original GPRS network.
CS domain: used to provide Circuit-switched service. Network
mode can support TDM, ATM and IP. Physical entities include
switching equipment (such as MSC/VLR, GMSCs), and inter-
working equipment (IWF).
PS domain: used to provide Packet-switched service. Network
mode is IP. Physical entities include SGSN, GGSN, CG , BG etc.
R99 Core networkFunction Entity(1)
Function entity shared by CS domain and PS :
HLR: to realize mobile subscriber management and
location information management ;
VLR: to deal with all kinds of data information of current
mobile subscriber ;
AUC: to store authentication information of mobile
subscriber ;
EIR: to store IMEI data of mobile subscriber;
SMS: Short Message Center.
R99 Core networkFunction Entity(2)
Function entity of CS domain:
MSC: to realize switching and signaling control function of
circuit service.
GMSC: to realize addressing function for different network.
GMSC and MSC can be integrated together or separated
independently.
IWF: integrated together with MSC, to realize inter-working
with PLMN and ISDN, PSTN , PDN (Mainly complete
signaling transfer function), its functions can be defined
based on specified services and network types.
R99 Core NetworkFunction Entity(3)
Function entity of PS domain:
SGSN: to realize packet switching function, signaling
control function and route function of packet service.
GGSN: to realize inter-working with PS domain and
external data network.
CG: to realize billing function of packet service.
BG: to realize inter-working of two GPRS network and
guarantee the security of network.
R99 Core NetworkInterface(1)
Interface between CN and RAN/BSS:
A Interface: to realize mobile station management, base station
management, mobility management and call processing, etc.
Gb interface: to realize packet data transmit and mobility
management.
Iu-CS interface: to realize RNS management, mobility
management and call control function.
Iu-PS interface: its basic function is similar to Iu-CS interface.
CS internal interface:
B interface (MSC-VLR): A private interface between VLR
and MSC. It is used for the MSC to query the current
location information of a Mobile Station (MS) from the Visit
Location Register (VLR), or request the VLR to update the
current location information of the MS or is used for the
operations of supplementary services.
C interface (MSC-HLR): to get MSRN, the IN service
related subscriber status and location information.
D interface (VLR-HLR): used to exchange the location
information of the MS and the subscriber management
information.
E interface ( between MSC): to be used for handover
process between two MSCs.
F interface (MSC-EIR) : to be used for EIR to verify IMEI
status information of mobile equipment.
G interface (between VLR): to exchange IMSI and
authentication information when MS moves from one VLR
to another VLR.
Questions
Whats the functions of R99 core network elements ?
Which interfaces do we have in the R99 core network ?
Section 1 Networking and Interface
Section 2 R4 Features
SCP
SMS-C
GMLC/SMLC
HLR/EIR
CAP
MAP
MAP
MAP
SIGTRAN
SS7
UTRAN
BSS
TDM
MGW
MGW
RTP(AAL2)/AMR
IP(ATM)
BackBone
IP network
GSM/R99PLMN
PSTN/ISDN
VMSC Server
RANAP
BSSAP
AAL2
H.248
MAP
BICC
GMSC Server
TDM/G.711
TDM/G.711
R4 Core NetworkFunction Entities
MSC Server: control layer, to realize MM (mobility
management), CM ( call control), MGC (media gate control) .
MGWbearer layer, to realize the exchange of voice and
media flow, and provide all kinds sources, such as TC, EC,
play announcement and receive DTMF.
SG: to realize signaling transfer from MTP (SS7 transmission
layer) to SCTP/IP (SIGTRAN transmission layer).
R4 Core NetworkInterface and Protocol (1)
MGW
Mc
Mc
Nb
Nc
MSC
Server
MGW
GMSC
Server

/ISUP/TUP
MTP3 MTP3B M3UA
MTP2 SSCF/SSCOP SCTP
MTP1 AAL5/ATM IP
H.248
SCTP UDP MTP3B
IP SSCF/SSCOP/AAL5
RTP AAL2 Voice
UDP/IP ATM PCM
R4 Core NetworkInterface and Protocol (2)
Mc interface ((G)MSC ServerMGW) : H.248 is adopted, to
realize the flexible connection processing for multi call mode,
multi media
Nc interface (MSC Server(G)MSC Server) : to realize the
inter-office call control. It adopts BICC protocol
Nb interface ( Between MGWs)to realize the transfer of
control and user information (voice, data, picture, media) in
bearer layerand realize the transfer of different media frame
format. RTP/UDP/IP and AAL2/ATM protocol is adopted.
Section 1 Networking and Interface
Section 2 R4 Features
Bearer and Control Separated
Control
Layer
Bearer
Layer
MSC
H.248
Four-layer Architecture
Service Management
Network Control
Core Switching
Edge Access
SoftSwitch
3G Access
AMG
IAD
Broadband
Access
PSTN
TMG
SG
PLMN
Packet Core Network
UMG
UMG
App Server
Policy
Server
iOSS
IN
SoftSwitch
MRS
S S R R
Embedded SGSave transmission link
SCP
SMS-C
GMLC/SMLC
HLR/EIR
CAP
MAP
MAP
MAP
SS7 network
UTRAN
BSS
TDM
MGW
MGW
RTP(AAL2)/AMR
IP(ATM)
BackBone
IP
GSM/R99PLMN
PSTN
VMSC Server
RANAP
BSSAP
AAL2
H.248
MAP
BICC
GMSC Server
TDM/G.711
TDM/G.711
SG7000
Centralized Service Control
New Service
Server
MGW
MGW
MGW MGW MGW
MGW
MGW
Next Generation Network
Service is not combined with MGW.
Service upgrade only relates to server layer.
Centralized service management, easy to upgrade.
Traditional Network
Service is combined with MSC.
Most of services need to upgrade all MSCs.
MSCs locates dispersedly, difficult to upgrade.
Distributed ArchitectureFlexible networking

Traditional network
Inter-working mode.
The advantage of distributed networking
Traffic route is the best, network performance is the best.
Mostly suitable for the operators with wide coverage.
Distributed network
inter-working mode.
Questions
Whats the advantage of embedded SG ?
Whats the advantage of R4 core network ?
Section 1 R5 Networking
Section 2 SIP Introduction
GSM /GPRS BSS
BTS
BSC
NodeB
RNC
PCU
UTRAN

SCP
SMS
SCE
PSTN/PLMN
Internet,
Intranet
HLR/AUC/HSS
SGSN
CG
BG
GGSN
GPRS
backbone
MGW MGW
VMSC Server
GMSC Server
IP/ATM Backbone CS domain
PS
domain
Iu-CS
Iu-PS
IP backbone
MRFP
IMS domain
MGW
P-CSCF
S-CSCF
MGCF
MRFC
SS7
R5 Features
3GPP R5 Features:
Inherit all the WCDMA R4 service and functions.
IMS ( IP Multimedia System) is added based on PS, CS of R5 is
consistent with that of R4.
Iu interface can select IP and ATM. IP based is a trend of networking.
IP QoS is enhanced.
Services are enhanced, such as OSAPush Service
R5 realizes ALL IP network put forward by 3GPP.
IP will become the bearing technology for all signaling message and
change the original call flow.
R5 Core NetworkIMS (1)
IMS main function entity:
CSCF
P-CSCF
S-CSCF
I-CSCF
HSS
SLF
BGCF
MGCF/IM MGW
MRFC/MRFP
AS
PDF/PEF

P - CSCF
CSCF
MGCF HSS
Cx
IP Multimedia Networks

IMS - MGW
PSTN
Mn
Mb
Mg
Mm

MRFP
Mb

Mr

Mb
Legacy mobile signalling Networks

CSCF
Mw
Mw
Gm
BGCF Mj
Mi
BGCF
Mk Mk
C, D, Gc, Gr
UE

Mb
Mb
Mb
MRFC
SL F
Dx
M p
PSTN
PSTN
Gq
UE

Gn Iu - PS
PDF
Go
GGSN

SGSN

Gi
UTRAN
MSC

Iu - CS
PS
IMS

CS
WLAN or IP-CAN
-
CSCFCall Session Control Function
Is divided into P/S/I three types based on its function and location.
P-CSCF(Proxy CSCF)It is the first connection point for subscriber in IMS and
provide Proxy function. It can receive service request and transfer them, but can
not modify the Request URI field in INVITE message; P-CSCF also can provide
user agent function (UA), it can interrupt and independently produce SIP
conversion at abnormal case.
S-CSCF(Serving CSCF)S-CSCF is the core control of IMS, it is responsible for
UE to register, authenticate and conservation control, realize conservation route
function for calling and called IMS user. According to subscriber signed IMS
triggered rule, it can trigger the value added service route to AS and control service
negotiation.
I-CSCF(Interrogating CSCF): similar as IMS gateway node, provide node
distribution, route query and IMS Topology Hiding Inter-network function.
HSS:The Home Subscriber Server.
HSS stores the IMS subscriber signed information, including basic identity,
route information and service signed info. Centralized database, located at
the top of IMS core network. It stores the following information:
IMS subscriber identity (including public and private identity), number
and address information.
IMS subscriber security context: ciphering information for subscriber to
access network for authentication, roaming restrict information.
IMS subscriber route information: HSS supported route information,
registration information and location information.
IMS subscriber service signed information: including other AS value
added service data.
Section 1 R5 Networking
Section 2 SIP Introduction
SIP Development
SIPSession Initiation Protocol:
It is application layer control protocol, used to setup, modify, and terminate
multimedia session (including meeting). For example, internet telephone call.
Originally derived from MBone experiment in 1996.
In 1999, It was adopted as RFC2543 standard by IETF-MMUSIC work
group.
In 1999, SIP work group was established independently, later, two work
group named as SIPPING and SIMPLE was newly set up, which is
mainly devoted to SIP.
In the July of 2002, it is turned to the new standard RFC3261.
Most of the content was re-written. It is more clear and precise and
some new features were added.
Most of contents keep the backward compliance with RFC2543.
SIP Features
Based on text code.
Only concern about setup, modify and terminate the conservation. SIP-
URL is uesd to indicate the resources or subscribers needed to be
visited.
Flexible extended and powerful negotiation mechanism: Supported,
Unsupported, Require, ProxyRequire, Allow, Accept...
Simple networking provides the flexibility, reliability and expandability.
Relay equipment (Proxy and Redirecter) need not to care about the
message content, just transfer transparently.
Questions
What is the difference between R5 and R4?
Whats the network element of IMS?
Summary
This course mainly introduces the R99,
R4, R5 evolution and each features.
The emphasis is R4 network.

Summary
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01 WCDMA Core Network Overview ISSUE1.0

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