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Owner's

requirements
Performance
Cost effective
4 REQUIREMENTS OF A SHIP FOR OPERATION
4.1 AIMS OF THE LECTURE

a) To list various requirements demanded by particular parties.

b) To examine the backgrounds and

4.2 TYPE OF REQUIREMENTS
Construction of ship is influenced and regulated
least three parties i.e. the owner of the ship, the classification society, and the authority.
partys requirements have its specific unique objectives and purposes.






The requirements are set as part of the ship specifications, developed by the ship designer or
naval architect, approved by the parties concerned, and agreed by the shipyard.
The main aim of the requirements
that the ship will meet its mission.

4.3 OWNERS REQUIREMENTS
a) Background
The owners requirements are based on the findings
prior to the concept of the ship being decided
ship when it is in operation.
The owners requirements are refined at every stage of the design process to ensure of their
realisation when the ship is built.


Classification
requirements
Structure
Machinery
Statutory
requirements
Safety
Environment
Security
REQUIREMENTS OF A SHIP FOR OPERATION

AIMS OF THE LECTURE
To list various requirements demanded by particular parties.
the backgrounds and aims of the requirements
OF REQUIREMENTS
Construction of ship is influenced and regulated by a number of requirements demanded by at
least three parties i.e. the owner of the ship, the classification society, and the authority.
specific unique objectives and purposes.
The requirements are set as part of the ship specifications, developed by the ship designer or
naval architect, approved by the parties concerned, and agreed by the shipyard.
The main aim of the requirements is to set a target for the shipyard to achieve as indicators
that the ship will meet its mission.
OWNERS REQUIREMENTS
The owners requirements are based on the findings from the market research
ship being decided, which would become the characteristics of the
The owners requirements are refined at every stage of the design process to ensure of their
realisation when the ship is built.
Figure 4.1 Type of requirements
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Statutory
requirements
Environment
Security
REQUIREMENTS OF A SHIP FOR OPERATION
by a number of requirements demanded by at
least three parties i.e. the owner of the ship, the classification society, and the authority. Each
The requirements are set as part of the ship specifications, developed by the ship designer or
naval architect, approved by the parties concerned, and agreed by the shipyard.
achieve as indicators
the market research carried out
the characteristics of the
The owners requirements are refined at every stage of the design process to ensure of their

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b) Objectives
The objectives of the owners requirements among other things are:
The ship is able to cater to the predicted market demand, and so meet the targeted
profit
The ship to be cost effective in its operation.

c) main contents
In general the main contents of the owners requirements would include:
The service speed of the ship
Ship operational performance
Performance of the ships machinery and equipment
The cargo capacity
The fuel consumption
Number of crews to operate the ship
The main dimensions of the ship
Maintainability of the ship
Safety of the ship, its cargoes, and crews

4.4 CLASSIFICATION STANDARDS
a) Background
In the second half of the 18th century, marine insurers, based at Lloyd's coffee house in
London, developed a system for the independent inspection of the hull and equipment of
ships presented to them for insurance cover. At that time, an attempt was made to 'classify'
the condition of each ship on an annual basis.
Hence the Lloyds Register of Shipping was formed in 1760, Follow its establishment a
number of classification societies are founded, which include the followings:

Classification Nationality Year of
establishment
Lloyds Register of Shipping (LR) United Kingdom 1764
Bureau Veritas (BV) France 1828
Registro Italiano Navale (RINA) Italy 1861
American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) United States 1862
Det Norske Veritas (DNV) Norway 1864
Germanischer Lloyd (GL) Germany 1867
Nippon Kaiji Kyokai (ClassNK) Japan 1899
The Russian Maritime Register of
Shipping (RS)
Russia 1913

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Croatian Register of Shipping (CRS) Croatia 1949
China Classification Society (CCS) China 1956
Korean Register (KR) South Korea 1960
Indian Register of Shipping (IRS) India 1975

A classification society exists to classify or arrange in order of merit such ships as are built
according to its rules. A classed ship is therefore considered to have a particular standard of
seaworthiness.
Consultation between the classification societies takes place on matters of common interest
through the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS).
The classification societies operate by publishing rules and regulations relating to the
structural efficiency and the reliability of the propelling machinery and equipment. These
rules and regulations in fact are a set of standards.
b) Objectives
The objectives of the classification societys rule and regulations are:
To provide a basis of consideration for the insurance companies to determine their
level of premiums of the ship to be insured, even though there is no connection
between the insurance companies and the classification societies.
To ensure the construction soundness and a safe means of transport for cargo or
passengers.

c) main contents
Class notations
Ship materials
Ship structure and equipment
Ship machinery and system
Ship operational equipment and system
Ship survey

4.5 STATUTORY REGULATIONS
Statutory regulations are the regulations that concern with the safety, environmental control,
and security, nationally as well as internationally. These regulations are imposed by
government or international bodies dependent on their coverage.
a) National regulations
National authorities regulate the legislation regarding the safe operation of the ships in those
particular countries and the ships registered to those countries which is known as flag state.

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The authorities have surveyors to examine and verify the ships that are built in accordance to
their regulations.
Main contents of the national regulations among other things are:
Load lines
Tonnage
Master and crew spaces
Water tight subdivision of passenger ships
Life saving appliances
Environmental protection
Navigation safety
Some topics of the national regulations are over lapped with the international regulations
established by International Maritime Organisation (IMO).
b) The International Maritime Organisation (IMO)
The International Maritime Organisation (IMO) is a specialist agency of the United Nations
and was originally set up to enable intergovernmental co-operation on matter concerning
ships, shipping, and the sea.
IMO technical work is carried out by a number of committees such as Maritime Safety
Committee (MSC) which has a number of sub-committees among other things are
subcommittees on:
Safety of Navigation
Radio communications and Search and Rescue
Training and watch keeping
Carriage of dangerous goods
Solid cargoes and containers
Ship design and equipment
Fire protection
Stability and load lines and fishing vessel safety
Flag state implementation
Bulk liquid and gases
Some of the IMO regulations are concerned with the following issues:
Safety
Prevention of pollution and environmental protection
Fire safety in ship
Load line and freeboard
Tonnage
Prevention of collision
Security of ship and port

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c) Other regulatory bodies
Beside IMO there are several other organisations which regulations should be met by the ship
for its operation dependent on the type and mission of the ship, these organisations among
others are:
International Labour Organisation
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
International Chamber of Shipping

4.6 CONCLUDING REMARKS
a) There are three categories of requirements in ship production i.e. owners requirements,
classification requirements, and statutory requirements.
b) The owners requirements are based on the findings of the market research.
c) The classification requirements are to ensure the construction soundness and a safe means
of transport for cargo or passengers.

d) Statutory regulations are the regulations that concern with the safety, environmental
control, and security, nationally as well as internationally.

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