Title XI.

- LOAN

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Art. 1933. By the contract o loan! one o the "artie# $eli%er# to
another! either #o&ethin' not con#(&a)le #o that the latter &ay (#e
the #a&e or a certain ti&e an$ ret(rn it! in *hich ca#e the contract
i# calle$ a co&&o$at(&+ or &oney or other con#(&a)le thin'! ("on
the con$ition that the #a&e a&o(nt o the #a&e ,in$ an$ -(ality
#hall )e "ai$! in *hich ca#e the contract i# #i&"ly calle$ a loan or
mutuum.
Commodatum i# e##entially 'rat(ito(#.
Si&"le loan &ay )e 'rat(ito(# or *ith a #ti"(lation to "ay intere#t.
In commodatum the )ailor retain# the o*ner#hi" o the thin'
loane$! *hile in #i&"le loan! o*ner#hi" "a##e# to the )orro*er.
.1/01a2
Art. 1930. An acce"te$ "ro&i#e to $eli%er #o&ethin' )y *ay o
commodatum or #i&"le loan i# )in$in' ("on "artie#! )(t the
commodatum or #i&"le loan it#el #hall not )e "erecte$ (ntil the
$eli%ery o the o)3ect o the contract.

45APTER 1
4O66O7AT86

SE4TION 1 - Nat(re o Commodatum

Art. 1939. The )ailee in commodatum ac-(ire# the (#e$ o the thin'
loane$ )(t not it# r(it#+ i any co&"en#ation i# to )e "ai$ )y hi&
*ho ac-(ire# the (#e! the contract cea#e# to )e a commodatum.
.1901a2
Art. 193:. 4on#(&a)le 'oo$# &ay )e the #()3ect o commodatum i
the "(r"o#e o the contract i# not the con#(&"tion o the o)3ect! a#
*hen it i# &erely or e;hi)ition.
Art. 193/. 6o%a)le or i&&o%a)le "ro"erty &ay )e the o)3ect o
commodatum.
Art. 193<. The )ailor in commodatum nee$ not )e the o*ner o the
thin' loane$.
Art. 1939. Commodatum i# "(rely "er#onal in character.
4on#e-(ently=
.12 The $eath o either the )ailor or the )ailee e;tin'(i#he# the
contract+
.>2 The )ailee can neither len$ nor lea#e the o)3ect o the
contract to a thir$ "er#on. 5o*e%er! the &e&)er# o the
)ailee?# ho(#ehol$ &ay &a,e (#e o the thin' loane$! (nle##
there i# a #ti"(lation to the contrary! or (nle## the nat(re o
the thin' or)i$# #(ch (#e.
Art. 1901. A #ti"(lation that the )ailee &ay &a,e (#e o the r(it# o
the thin' loane$ i# %ali$.

SE4TION >. - O)li'ation# o the Bailee

Art. 1901. The )ailee i# o)li'e$ to "ay or the or$inary e;"en#e# or
the (#e an$ "re#er%ation o the thin' loane$. .1/03a2
Art. 190>. The )ailee i# lia)le or the lo## o the thin'! e%en i it
#ho(l$ )e thro('h a ort(ito(# e%ent=
.12 I he $e%ote# the thin' to any "(r"o#e $ierent ro& that
or *hich it ha# )een loane$+
.>2 I he ,ee"# it lon'er than the "erio$ #ti"(late$! or ater the
acco&"li#h&ent o the (#e or *hich the commodatum ha#
)een con#tit(te$+
.32 I the thin' loane$ ha# )een $eli%ere$ *ith a""rai#al o it#
%al(e! (nle## there i# a #ti"(lation e;e&"tion the )ailee ro&
re#"on#i)ility in ca#e o a ort(ito(# e%ent+
.02 I he len$# or lea#e# the thin' to a thir$ "er#on! *ho i# not
a &e&)er o hi# ho(#ehol$+
.92 I! )ein' a)le to #a%e either the thin' )orro*e$ or hi# o*n
thin'! he cho#e to #a%e the latter. .1/00a an$ 1/092
Art. 1903. The )ailee $oe# not an#*er or the $eterioration o the
thin' loane$ $(e only to the (#e thereo an$ *itho(t hi# a(lt.
.1/0:2
Art. 1900. The )ailee cannot retain the thin' loane$ on the 'ro(n$
that the )ailor o*e# hi& #o&ethin'! e%en tho('h it &ay )e )y
rea#on o e;"en#e#. 5o*e%er! the )ailee ha# a ri'ht o retention or
$a&a'e# &entione$ in Article 1991. .1/0/a2
Art. 1909. @hen there are t*o or &ore )ailee# to *ho& a thin' i#
loane$ in the #a&e contract! they are lia)le #oli$arily. .1/0<a2

SE4TION 3. - O)li'ation# o the Bailor

Art. 190:. The )ailor cannot $e&an$ the ret(rn o the thin' loane$
till ater the e;"iration o the "erio$ #ti"(late$! or ater the
acco&"li#h&ent o the (#e or *hich the commodatum ha# )een
con#tit(te$. 5o*e%er! i in the &eanti&e! he #ho(l$ ha%e (r'ent
nee$ o the thin'! he &ay $e&an$ it# ret(rn or te&"orary (#e.
In ca#e o te&"orary (#e )y the )ailor! the contract o commodatum
i# #(#"en$e$ *hile the thin' i# in the "o##e##ion o the )ailor.
.1/09a2
Art. 190/. The )ailor &ay $e&an$ the thin' at *ill! an$ the
contract(al relation i# calle$ a "recari(&! in the ollo*in' ca#e#=
.12 I neither the $(ration o the contract nor the (#e to *hich
the thin' loane$ #ho(l$ )e $e%ote$! ha# )een #ti"(late$+ or
.>2 I the (#e o the thin' i# &erely tolerate$ )y the o*ner.
.1/91a2
Art. 190<. The )ailor &ay $e&an$ the i&&e$iate ret(rn o the thin'
i the )ailee co&&it# any act o in'ratit($e #"eciie$ in Article /:9.
Art. 1909. The )ailor #hall re(n$ the e;traor$inary e;"en#e# $(rin'
the contract or the "re#er%ation o the thin' loane$! "ro%i$e$ the
)ailee )rin'# the #a&e to the ,no*le$'e o the )ailor )eore
inc(rrin' the&! e;ce"t *hen they are #o (r'ent that the re"ly to the
notiication cannot )e a*aite$ *itho(t $an'er.
I the e;traor$inary e;"en#e# ari#e on the occa#ion o the act(al (#e
o the thin' )y the )ailee! e%en tho('h he acte$ *itho(t a(lt! they
#hall )e )orne e-(ally )y )oth the )ailor an$ the )ailee! (nle## there
i# a #ti"(lation to the contrary. .1/91a2
Art. 1991. I! or the "(r"o#e o &a,in' (#e o the thin'! the )ailee
inc(r# e;"en#e# other than tho#e reerre$ to in Article# 1901 an$
1909! he i# not entitle$ to rei&)(r#e&ent.
Art. 1991. The )ailor *ho! ,no*in' the la*# o the thin' loane$!
$oe# not a$%i#e the )ailee o the #a&e! #hall )e lia)le to the latter
or the $a&a'e# *hich he &ay #(er )y rea#on thereo. .1/9>2
Art. 199>. The )ailor cannot e;e&"t hi&#el ro& the "ay&ent o
e;"en#e# or $a&a'e# )y a)an$onin' the thin' to the )ailee.

45APTER >
SI6PLE LOAN OR MUTUUM

Art. 1993. A "er#on *ho recei%e# a loan o &oney or any other
(n'i)le thin' ac-(ire# the o*ner#hi" thereo! an$ i# )o(n$ to "ay
to the cre$itor an e-(al a&o(nt o the #a&e ,in$ an$ -(ality.
.1/93a2
Art. 1990. A contract *here)y one "er#on tran#er# the o*ner#hi" o
non-(n'i)le thin'# to another *ith the o)li'ation on the "art o the
latter to 'i%e thin'# o the #a&e ,in$! -(antity! an$ -(ality #hall )e
con#i$ere$ a )arter.
Art. 1999. The o)li'ation o a "er#on *ho )orro*# &oney #hall )e
'o%erne$ )y the "ro%i#ion# o Article# 1>09 an$ 1>91 o thi# 4o$e.
I *hat *a# loane$ i# a (n'i)le thin' other than &oney! the $e)tor
o*e# another thin' o the #a&e ,in$! -(antity an$ -(ality! e%en i it
#ho(l$ chan'e in %al(e. In ca#e it i# i&"o##i)le to $eli%er the #a&e
,in$! it# %al(e at the ti&e o the "erection o the loan #hall )e "ai$.
.1/90a2
Art. 199:. No intere#t #hall )e $(e (nle## it ha# )een e;"re##ly
#ti"(late$ in *ritin'. .1/99a2
Art. 199/. 4ontract# an$ #ti"(lation#! (n$er any cloa, or $e%ice
*hate%er! inten$e$ to circ(&%ent the la*# a'ain#t (#(ry #hall )e
%oi$. The )orro*er &ay reco%er in accor$ance *ith the la*# on
(#(ry.
Art. 199<. In the $eter&ination o the intere#t! i it i# "aya)le in
,in$! it# %al(e #hall )e a""rai#e$ at the c(rrent "rice o the "ro$(ct#
or 'oo$# at the ti&e an$ "lace o "ay&ent.
Art. 1999. @itho(t "re3($ice to the "ro%i#ion# o Article >>1>!
intere#t $(e an$ (n"ai$ #hall not earn intere#t. 5o*e%er! the
contractin' "artie# &ay )y #ti"(lation ca"italiAe the intere#t $(e an$
(n"ai$! *hich a# a$$e$ "rinci"al! #hall earn ne* intere#t.
Art. 19:1. I the )orro*er "ay# intere#t *hen there ha# )een no
#ti"(lation thereor! the "ro%i#ion# o thi# 4o$e concernin' solutio
indebiti! or nat(ral o)li'ation#! #hall )e a""lie$! a# the ca#e &ay )e.
Art. 19:1. 8#(rio(# contract# #hall )e 'o%erne$ )y the 8#(ry La*
an$ other #"ecial la*#! #o ar a# they are not incon#i#tent *ith thi#
4o$e.