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LOYOLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

EC2402-OPTICAL COMMUNICATION & NETWORKING
QUESTION BANK
PREPARED BY: S.S.UMA, S.KAYALI!HI" AP"ECE
UNIT I
PART A
1. A point source of light is 12cm below the surface of a large body of water(n=1.33).
What is the radius of the largest circle on the water surface through which the light can
emerge?
2. Write the epression for the refracti!e inde in graded inde fiber
3. "efine# $umerical Aperture of a step inde fiber
%. &i!e the epression for the effecti!e number of modes guided by a cur!ed multimode
fiber.
'. (ommonly a!ailable single mode fibers ha!e beat lengths in the range 1)cm* +,
*2m. What is the range of refracti!e inde differences does this correspond to. (for
-=13))nm).
.. "efine mode field diameter
/. What is the fundamental parameter of a single mode fiber?
0. A step inde fiber has a normali1ed fre2uency 3=2... at 13))nm wa!elength. 4f the
core radius is 2' 5m6 find the numerical aperture
7. What is snells law?
1). Write the epression for number of modes in 84 fibers.
11. 8tate the condition for total internal reflection.
12. What is s9ew ray and meridional ray?
13. "ifferentiate between single mode and multimode fiober.
1%. "raw the inde profile for graded inde fiber.
1'. An optical fiber has core inde 1.'6 cladding inde of 1.%'. (alculate numerical
aperture and critical angle of incidence.
1.. &i!e the difference between ray and modes
1/. A silica optical fiber has a core refracti!e inde of 1.' and a cladding refracti!e inde
of 1.%/. "etermine the acceptance angle in air for the fiber.

10. :ention the ad!antages and disad!antages of mono mode fibre o!er multi mode
fibre.
17. What are the ad!antages and disad!antages of ray optics theory
2). A typical relati!e refracti!e inde difference for an optical fibre design for long
distance transmission is 1;. <stimate the numerical aperture for the fibre6 when the
core inde is 1.%/.
21. "efine group delay.
22. What is critical angle of incidence?
23. What is meant by acceptance angle?
2%. What is meant by lea9y modes?
2
2'. What is fiber beat length?
2.. "ifferentiate :onomode and multimode fibers
2/. :ention any two limitations of fiber optical communication system
20. What is the energy of a single photon of the light whose -=1'')nm6in e3?
27. Assume that there is a glass rod of refracti!e inde 1.'6 surrounded by air.=ind the
critical incident angle.
PART B
1. "iscuss the mode theory of circular wa!eguide.
2. "iscuss the theory of graded inde fibers. "eri!e the epression for the numerical
aperture of the graded inde fiber
3. What are the fiber modes? <plain the mode theory for optical fibers in detail.
%. (ompare single mode fiber and graded inde fibers. <plain the re2uirements for the
fiber materials.
'. a. "iscuss the structure of graded inde fiber
b. "iscuss the propagation modes in single mode fiber.
.. a. +ist the ad!antages of optical fiber communications.
b. "raw the elements of optical fiber optical transmission lin9 and eplain
/. a. >riefly eplain the e!olution of fiber optic communication.
b. (ompare the configurations of different types of fibers.
0. a. +ist the ad!antages of an optical fiber communication.
b. <plain in detail the mode field diameter.
7. "eri!e an epression for number of modes propagating in a graded inde fibre from the
first principles.
1). a. "eri!e an epression for numerical aperture of step inde fibre
b. ?elati!e refracti!e inde 6difference between the core ais6 and cladding of graded
inde fibre is )./ ; when the refracti!e inde at the core ais is 1.%'. <stimate the
!alue of numerical aperture of the fibre along the ais6 when the inde profile is
assumed to be a triangle.
11. a. <plain a neat bloc9 diagram of fundamentals of optical fibre communication.@0A
b. "iscuss the mode theory of circular wa!eguides.
12. a. "iscuss briefly about linearly polari1ed modes. @.A
b. "raw the structure of single and multi mode step inde fibres and graded inde fibres
with typical dimensions. @.A
c. :ention the ad!antage of optical fibre system @%A.
13. <plain mode propagation incircular wa!eguides. Bbtain its wa!e e2uation and modal
e2uations for step inde fibers.
1%.A typical refracti!e inde difference for an optical fiber designated for long distance
transmission is 1; ."etermine the $A and the solid acceptance angle in air for the fiber
when the core inde is 1.%..calculate the critical angle at the coreCcladding interface
with in the fiber
1'."raw the structure and eplain the principle of wor9ing of
(i) 8ingle mode fiber (8tep inde)
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(ii) :ulti mode fiber (&raded inde)
:ention the ad!antages and limitations of each category.
1..What is numerical aperture of an optical fiber? "educe an <pression for the same.
(ii) (alculate $A of silica fiber with its core refracti!e inde(n1) of 1.%0 and cladding
refracti!e inde of 1.%..What should be the new !alue of Dn1E in order to change the
$A to ).23.
1/.(i) <plain the phenomenon of total internal reflection using snellFs law with figures and
calculations
(ii) "istinguish stepCinde from graded inde fibers.

UNIT II
PART A
1. An optical signal has lost ''; of its power after tra!ersing 3.'9m fiber. What is the
loss in d>G9m of this fiber?
2. &i!e the epression of the effecti!e number of modes that are guided by a cur!ed
multimode fiber of radius HaF.
3. What are the causes of absorption?
%. =ind the coupling loss for two fibers ha!ing core refracti!e inde profiles I<=2.) and
I?=1.'.
'. What are the causes of mode coupling?
.. :ention the two causes of intramodal dispersion.
/. "efine fiber loss?
0. What is intramodal dispersion?
7. What is ?ayleigh scattering?
1). What is meant by microbending loss? Jow it can be o!ercomed?
11. What is meant by material dispersion and wa!e guide dispersion?
12. "ifferentiate group !elocity and phase !elocity.
13. :ention the causes for scattering loss.
1%. What is meant by intrinsic and etrinsic absorption?
1'. What do you mean by polari1ation mode dispersion?
1.. "istinguish dispersion shifted and dispersion flattened fibers
1/. What is the interCmodal dispersion. What does it cause?
10. A multimode graded inde fibre ehibit total pulse broadening ).1us o!er a distance
of 1' 9ms. <stimate the maimum possible bandwidth on the lin9 assuming6 ?K coding
without 484.
17. "efine dispersion.
2). What do you mean by group !elocity?
21. "efine the attenuation coefficient of a fiber
P#$% B
%
1. a. What is meant by material dispersion ?
b. "eri!e the epression of material dispersion.
c. "eri!e the epression for wa!e guide dispersion
2. "iscuss the pulse broadening in graded inde fiber
3. "iscuss the !arious 9inds of losses that an optical signal might suffer while
propagating through a fiber. Which is most important one ? What is the effect of these
losses on light power and pulse shape ?
%. What is ode coupling ? "iscuss pulse broadening in &4 fiber ?
'. a. What is meant by wa!eguide dispersion ? "eri!e the epression for the same.
b. "eri!e the epression for pulse broadening due to material dispersion.
.. What is meant by wa!eguide dispersion ? "eri!e the epression for the same
/. "iscuss the signal distortion in single mode fiber.
0. <plain the attenuation mechanisms in Bptical fiber.
7. A . 9m optical lin9 consisting of multimode step inde fibre6 with a core refracti!e
inde of 1.' and the relati!e refracti!e inde difference of 1;. <stimate the delay
difference between the slowest and fastest modes at the fibre output6 and the ?:8
pulse broadening due to intermodal dispersion on the lin9. Also deri!e the epression
in!ol!ed in it.
1). <plain briefly the three 9ey principles in!ol!ed in the +aser Action. "escribe for a
fabryCperot resonator laser diode6 modes6 and threshold condition. Bbtain its rate
e2uation for steady state output.
11. <plain the following with reference to signal degradation in optical fibers
(i)>ending +osses
(ii) Lypes of "ispersion.
"raw appropriate diagrams.
12.(i) What is meant by fiber splicing? <plain fusion splicing of optical fibers.
(ii) <plain epanded beam connectors with neat diagram