GarrettGlennStatisticsIndividualTermProjects

1)IhavechosenDataSet4:Freshman15Dataformyproject.
2)ThestudyiscalledtheFreshman15.IthasbeensaidthatFreshmanstartingincollege
willgain15lbs.Thearticlewaswrittenbyauthor:D.J.Hoffman,whowantedtoseetherelation
betweenobeseAmericansandcollege.Alsotoidentifytherelationshipbetweenweightchange
andthestresssprovidedbyschool,todeterminewhatcouldcausesuchanincreaseinweight
changeandhowitcouldbeprevented.Thedatathatwasfoundforthisstudyisconsidered
quantitativeandqualitativeaccordingtothetext,becausemalesandfemaleswerestudiedand
theirweightandheightwaswhatwasbeingcomparedtothendeterminetheirbodymassindex
percentage(BMI).Wheninvestigatingthisstudy,studentsvolunteeredtotryouttheFreshman
15study.OutoftheFirstparticipantsthatvolunteeredandweighedin,onlyabout31%came
backforthesecondweighin.Fromthetotalamountthatcameback,32weremaleand35were
femalesoitappearedtobeanequalamountofparticipants.

TermProject2Individualportion

Systematicsample

StratifiedSample

TofindsamplesIhadtodothefollowing,Ifirstsortedmysamplesbythevariablesex,
andsortedtwocolumns.TofindthesystematicsampleIhadtosortallofthecolumnsby
genderandtookthesamplen=35.Allthedatawasthensortedaccuratelyforme.Thefirst
samplethatItookwasaratioofthegenders,andthesecondsamplewasabiggerratiosample.
Thepercentagefor2025accordingtotheparetochartswasgreater.Whilethesecondsample
appearedtobedistributedmoreevenly.
Thefirstsetismorerandominnaturewhilethesecondsetisstructured,whichiswhy
thenumbersreflectmoreevenly.Wethendecidedtodoaconveniencesampletoseewhat
differenceswouldreflectbetweenthatandthestratifiedsample.
Asfarasthestatisticalgraphaccuracygoesthestratifiedmethodappearsmore
effectivethanthesystematicmethod.Inoticedthatbothsampletypesoftheoriginalpopulation
dataweredifferent.

3.SimpleRandomSampleof35:
RowIDofSample1Sex
29M
14F
66M
57F
7F
49F
63M
67M
45F
17F
59M
41M
2M
15F
35M
20M
11F
18M
60F
19F
46F
40F
64M
24F
22F
43M
6M
36M
55F
8F
31F
28F
10F
54M
4.Foroursecondsamplewedecidedonaconveniencesampletoseeiftherewouldbea
differencebetweenthetwo:
RowIDofSample2Sex
1M
2M
3M
4M
5F
6M
7F
8F
9F
10F
11F
12M
13M
14F
15F
16F
17F
18M
19F
20M
21F
22F
23M
24F
25M
26M
27M
28F
29M
30F
31F
32M
33M
34F
35M

TermProject3
Math1040

INDIVIDUALWORK:Submitonepdffileaddressingeachnumberbelow.
1.Computethesamplestatistics(mean,standarddeviation,andfivenumbersummary)for
eachofthetwosamplesyourgroupselected.
SamplingMethod:Stratified(sortedWTAPRbySEX,andchosefemaleforN=35)

2.CreateaFrequencyHistogramandaBoxPlotforeachsample.Submitcopiesofyour
fourgraphs.(Remembertolabel,etc!)
*FrequencyHistogram:*BoxPlotSummary

3.Discusstheshapesofthedistributions.Compareandcontrasttheresultsofthetwo
sampleswiththepopulation(treatthegroupworkontheentiredatasetasiftheentiredata
setisthepopulation).
Theshapesofthedistributionsbetweenourtwosamplesareaboutequivalenttoone
another.Eachoneofourhistogramsshowshowtheshapepeaksat60andthenfallson
therightsideagain.Thegraphsarentanevendistributionwhichindicatesa
normaldistributiononeither,buttheybotharecloseontheirmeanand5numbersummary.

TermProject4
IndividualResponse:

Ourfirstconfidenceintervalthatweused,wasthecategoricaldatagenderwhichand
hadcontainedthefollowingconfidenceinterval(.356.763).Ourp^isata95%confidenceand
hasamarginofaround.163.Thistellsusthatweare95%confidentthattheintervalfrom.356
to.763actuallydoeshavethetruevalueofthepopulationproportion(p^).Oursecond
confidenceintervalthatwecameupwithwasthecategoricaldatafromthefirstsamplefrom
partthreewhichyieldsthefollowingconfidenceintervalof(61.25,61.27).Ourp^isata95%
confidenceandhasamarginoferrorof2.11whichmeansthatweare95%confidentthatthe
intervalfrom57.25to61.27actuallydoescontainthetruevalueofthemean(mu).Forthethird
confidenceintervalweusedthecategoricaldatafromthefirstsamplefrompartthreewhich
yieldsthefollowingconfidenceinterval(.791,1.848).Incomparingtheconfidenceintervalstothe
valuesofthepopulationparametersIwouldsaythatitdidcapturethepopulationparameters.In
partthreeitcapturedthemeantobe59.26whichisbetweenourconfidenceintervalof(61.25,
61.27),whichwouldsuggestthatforthesampledatashownfromtheentirepopulation,our
confidenceintervalsshouldbeabsolutelycorrect.

TERMPROJECTPART5
1.Mylevelofsignificanceis10%
2.Ichosethesamplefrompt2usingtheSystematicmethod.Ichosemaleforthecategorysex.
Theclaimis
atmostthereare48%malesinthepopulationsample.Asurveyof35peoplefound12ofthemto
be
male.H0:p=.48
H1:p.48
n=35,p^=.34,p=.48,q=.52
z=(p^p)(sqrt(p*qn))
z=(12/3532/67)(sqrt(32/67*35/6735))
z=1.6
1PropZtest
z=1.6
pvalue=.104
BecausethePvalueisgreaterthanthelevelofsignificance.1,wefailtorejectthenull
hypothesis.Sincewefailtorejectthenullwedontsupportthealternativehypothesis.Sincethe
originalclaimincludesanequalityandwefailtorejectthenullhypothesis,thereisnotsufficient
evidencetowarrantrejectionoftheclaimthatatmostthereare48%malesinthepopulation.
3.Ichosethesamplefrompt3usingtheStratifiedmethod.IchoseWTAPRsortedbyfemalefor
N=35.The
claimisthatthemeanweightwillequal59.26inthesamplepopulation.
H0:u=59.26
H1:u59.26
n=35,s=5.9,x=59.26,u=66.62*Icalculatedsbyfindingthestandarddeviationandxanduby
calculating
thesampleandpopulationmean*
Ttest
t=7.38
pvalue=areatotheleftoftheteststatistict
tat7.38=.0001or1.48E8
BecausethePvalueislessthanthelevelofsignificance.1,Irejectthenullhypothesis.SinceIm
rejectingthenullIsupportthealternativehypothesis.SincetheoriginalclaimOCincludesan
equalityandIrejectthenullhypothesis,thereissufficientevidencetowarrantrejectionofthe
claim.
4.Inthefirstsamplewhichcomparesoursamplefrompt2tothepopulationsample,wefindthat
thereisnotsufficientevidencetowarrantrejectionoftheclaim.Thiswasfoundbecausethe
pvaluewasmorethanthelevelofsignificancerulingtofailtorejectthenullandacceptthe
originalclaimthatatmostthereare48%malesinthepopulation.Inexaminingoursecond
samplefrompt3,wefindthatthereissufficientevidencetowarrantrejectionoftheclaim.This
wasfoundbecausethepvaluewaslessthanthelevelofsignificancerulingtorejectthenulland
rejecttheoriginalclaimthatthemeanweightwillequal59.26inthesamplepopulation.

TermProject6
Learningreflection

GarrettGlenn

Mathematicsandstatisticsskillsutilizedinthisprojectwillhelpmewithmydata
structurescourseandafewotherclassesthatIneedtotakeCSrelated.Iwillusethe
thoughtprocessofsolvingmathequationsandproblemsthroughoutmycareerandin
futureclasses,asIlearntoproblemsolveandbecomebetteratunderstandingnotjustthe
solutionbutthestepstogetthere.Also,takingaclassinstatisticswillhelpmedevelopthe
mindsetandabilitytobedetailorientedwhichisanimportantskilltodevelop.
ForcertainpartsoftheprojectIwasabletoidentifywhatneededtobe
accomplishedandtakeastepwiseapproachtosolvingtheproblem.Oneexampleofthis
wouldbeonpt4whenitwasneededtosolveforz,tandcomputingpvalues.Thisproject
hashelpeddevelopmyproblemsolvingskillsthatarecrucialintoday'scomputerscience
fieldsinthatIhavetoviewproblemsanddecidehowtotackleitbest,developingastep
wiseplantosolveit.Inproblemsthroughoutthesemester,thegoalwastofindcertain
variablestomakedecisionsbasedoffoftheminrelationtotheproblem.Itseemedlikea
stepwisewasthemostlogical.Inmostcasesonceyousolvedforonevariableyoueither
hadtheanswerorenoughinformationtosolveforotherpartsoftheproblemtogetyour
answer.Onceyouobtainedanansweritwastheneasiertomakeconclusionsorfinal
statementsabouttheinitialproblemthatwouldallowyoutotranslateyourdatainto
definition.
ThisprojectdidntreallychangethewayIthoughtaboutrealworldstatisticalapplications.
Realworldapplicationsincludeexamplessuchasgamblingscenarios,driverand
pedestrianaccidentscenarios,drugscreeningtests,geneticsproblemsandcorrelation
problems
InconclusionthisclasshelpedmeprogressinthewayIthinklogicallyaboutproblem
solvingandforced
metobemoredetailorientedwhensolving/breakingdownaproblem.Itwasinsightfuland
gavemeagood
overviewintotheworldofstatisticsandshowedmeitspracticalusethroughrealworld
examplesandscenariosthatareallaroundus
IhavebeenabletoaccomplishalotinthisshortSummertakingstatistics.Iwish
thatIwouldhaveknowtotakethisclassbeforediscretemath.Ithasbeenchallenging
becauseitisSummeranditsmorefuntogooutandplayratherthandostatistics
homeworkeveryday.