Economic Survey Ch13 Part3 - Rural & Urban Infrastructure, REITS, Smart Cities

7/31/2014 Economic Survey Ch13 Part3: Rural & Urban Infrastructure, REITS, Smart Cities
http://mrunal.org/2014/07/economic-survey-ch13-rural-urban-infrastructure-reits-smart-cities-rurban-gram-jyoti.html 1/18
[Economic Survey] Ch13 P3: Rural & Urban Infrastructure, REITs, Smart Cities, Swatchh Bharat,
Rurban, Gram Jyoti
CSAT

1. Prologue
2. [Act I] Rural Infrastructure (RI)
1. RINS1: Rurban Mission
2. RINS2: Gram Jyoti Mission
3. RIES1: Indira Awas Yojana
4. RIES2: Rural housing fund
(NHB)
5. RIES3: National rural water drinking program (NRDWP)
6. RIES4: Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan
7. RINS1 (NEW) Swatchh Bharat Abhiyan
8. RIES5: Backward Region Grant Fund (BRGF)
9. RIES6: Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMSGY)
3. [Act II] Urban Infrastructure (UI)
1. Urban Area Definition (Census 2011)
2. City Tiers
3. UINS1: Smart cities
1. What is smart city?
2. FDI in Smart cities
4. UINS2: Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITS)
1. How does REITs work?
2. Whatre the benefits of REITS?
3. What is InvITS?
5. UINS3: Housing for All 2022
6. UINS4: 500 Cities Urban renewal
7. UIES1: JNNRUM 2005
8. UIES2: Rajiv Awas Yojana
9. UIES3: Rajiv RINN Detergent Yojana
10. UIES4: Municipal Debt
4. [Act III] State specific Misc.
1. SS1: North East
2. SS2: Jammu Kashmir
3. SS3: Delhi
4. SS4: UTs
5. Appendix:
1. Pt. Deendayal Upadhyaya (1916-1968)
2. Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukerjee (1901-1953)

days
23

hrs
10

mi ns
40

sec.
24
5
What's New? ?
3. Delhi Pact (Nehru- Liaqat) 1950
4. FAQ
5. Credits
Prologue
Chapter 13, total three parts
1. UNDPs Human Development report 2014, poor, women and children [coming soon]
2. Education, youth, minorities, SC, ST, PH, Elderly [coming soon]
3. Rural and urban infrastructure [youre here]
Structure of these articles:
1. Trivial Statistics | Theory (if and where applicable)
2. Schemes: New | Existing (Only those mentioned in Survey OR budget.)
3. Economic Survey observations (if and where applicable)
[Act I] Rural Infrastructure (RI)
But first, some trivial GK from Census 2011.
For MCQs
1. in absolute numbers, both urban and rural population increased
2. But percentage wise, rural population has declined.
3. Maximum number of villages: UP >> MP >> Odisha
4. Lowest number of villages: Chandigarh << Laskhdweep << Diu-Daman
5. Total Villages: 597485 = ~6 Lakh
6. Total Villagers: 80 crore+
7. Villages occupied by Pakistan and China not counted in Census 2011.
Now lets start with the bogus sarkaari schemes:
RINS: Rural infra new scheme
RIES: Rural Infra Existing scheme
RINS1: Rurban Mission
NAME
Shyama Prasad Mukerjee Rurban Mission* (Ref.
Appendix for more details on him)
WHO
Undeclared. most probably rural Development
ministry
WHY?
Villagers get civic infrastructure similar to city folks.
including skill development and economic
opportunities
FUNDING Via PPP
RINS2: Gram Jyoti Mission
NAME
Deendayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana *(Ref.
Appendix for more details on him)
WHO
Undeclared. Most probably Power ministry because
they run R***** G***** Vidhuytikaran Yojana.
WHY?
give 24/7 electricity to villagers. upgrade distribution
in rural areas
FUNDING 500 cr. (figure not important)
Third is Swatch Bharat given after few paras- to keep continuity in revision. Now lets move to
existing schemes:
RIES1: Indira Awas Yojana
Who? Rural Development ministry
What?
Gram sabha identifies BPL households. They get
money to construct house.
Money
flow
DRDA => Gram Panchyat.
Benefits
Nature of work figures not important
house in plains 70,000/-
house in hills, difficult terrain, LWE area 75,000/-
upgrading existing house 15,000/-
land purchase 20,000/-
Land development portion: eligible for MNREGA project work. They also get electricity
connection under R** G** Vidhutikaran Yojana, toilet under Nirmal Bharat abhiyan.
Single women get separate quota under Indira Awas Yojana and Rajiv Awas Yojana
MIS Software: Awaasoft for transparency, target tracking and automation of work.
RIES2: Rural housing fund (NHB)
By
whom?
National Housing Bank (NHB) since 2008. BTW, RBI
owns NHB.
Why?
Give home loans to weaker sections in rural area.
Upto 15 lakh rupees.
Budget
2014
Gave 8000 crores to it.
RIES3: National rural water drinking program (NRDWP)
Who? Ministry of drinking water supply, 2009
What?
by 2022 well supply 70 litre water per person
within his household or within 50 metres distance
68% junta already covered but slippage due to
groundwater depletion, population rise and passive
gram Sabhas
Related topics: Neelanchal and PM sinchayi yojana- but under agro chapter.
RIES4: Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan
Earlier known as Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC) Renamed in 2012.
Who? Ministry of drinking water supply
What?
As per Census 2011, hardly 33% households have
latrine.
NBA aims to provide 100% latrine access to all
household. technically called Individual House Hold
Latrines (IHHL)
Money given to BPL.
Money given to APL SC, ST and other vulnerable
communities.
Gram Panchayats get Nirmal Gram Puraskar award for being free of open defecation.
Sikkim: first Nirmal State in the country having achieved full sanitation coverage.
Challenges:
1. Rural sanitation is a state subject. But state governments more interested in giving funds to
free electricity, food etc. for vote bank politics. Therefore, rural sanitation not getting the
necessary support.
2. New research on region wise low cost toilets.
RINS1 (NEW) Swatchh Bharat Abhiyan
Who?
Undeclared, but most like the Ministry of Drinking water
supply
What? 100% toilet access to all households
When?
By 2019: Gandhis 150
th
Birth anniversary.
RIES5: Backward Region Grant Fund (BRGF)
Who?
Ministry of Panchayati Raj (also runs another scheme
Panchayat Shashaktikaran Yojana)
What?
Additional money to backward regions, so they can
reach Development level of other normal areas.
This money is used for improving water, sanitation, schools, street lights etc. rural
infrastructure.
Using Panchayati Raj institutions (PRI), bottom up Development model.
BRGF has two components
District component State component
~272 district, minimum 1 crore
given to each
Bihar, Odisha, W.Bengal, UP
(Bundelkhand)
Budget 2014 promised to restructure BRGF such that
1. intra-district inequalities reduced
2. Sub-districts units within States get adequate support.
RIES6: Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMSGY)
Who?
Rural Development ministry 2000 under Vajpayee
regime.
What?
To construct all weather roads to unconnected habitats.
500 persons in plains area.
250: tribal, desert and special category- North East,
JK, Himachal and Uttranchal
Population conditions as per Census 2001
How?
Money comes from Cess on High speed diesel via
Central Road Fund Act.
Budget 2014: >14k crore allotted
[Act II] Urban Infrastructure (UI)
ES: existing scheme
NS: New scheme
But first some trivial GK
Urban Area Definition (Census 2011)
Two categories
Statutory Towns Census towns
All places with a municipality,
corporation, cantonment board or
notified town area committee, etc.
that meet following
conditions
1. minimum
population 5000
2. minimum
population density
400 persons per
sq.km
3. 75% of males in
non-agro work
4041 towns. Number not important but
interpretation is: majority of Urban India
is Statutory towns.
3894 towns
City Tiers
Center city Population is ____
Metropolitan 10 lakh and above
Urban Tier 1 1 lakh and above
Semi-Urban
Tier 2 50,000 to 99,999
Tier 3 20,000 to 49,999
Tier 4 10,000 to 19,999
Rural
Tier 5 5,000 to 9,999
Tier 6 less than 5,000.
Population wise Metropolitans: Mumbai > Delhi > Kolkata > Chennai > Bangalore.
Total population in Urban area: ~31.2% OR 37+ crores public.
well see IMR, MMR etc data under Health part of Chapter 13.
UINS1: Smart cities
WHO Ministry of Urban Development
WHY
Rise of neo middle class who wants better civic
amnesties
Where
Will construct new satellite towns outside larger
cities.
Will modernize existing mid-size cities
What is smart city?
Provides civic amnesties via Information communication technology (ICT) solution.
Street lights switched on and off via automated timers, to save maximum energy.
Real time information on parking, traffic congestion, public transport
As a result, Smart cities are energy efficient and have low carbon foot print.
Smart cities Examples
Surat online monitoring of water quality
Boston,
US
gunshot sensors placed around city, to immediately
notify police on crime in progress.
Dublin
(Ireland)
mobile apps for parking slot, so you dont have to loiter
here and there to find empty space.
London,
UK
Mayor gets constant data on city performance, even
data mining tools to analyze live twitter feeds (e.g. junta
complaining about traffic or late trains)
Proposed smart cities across Industrial corridors:
1. Manesar (HAR)
2. Dholera (Guj)
3. Shendra (MH)
4. Tumkur (KAR)
5. Khushkera (RAJ)
6. Krishnapatanam (Andhra)
7. Ponneri (TN)
FDI in Smart cities
With following caveats
Condition Before after
*Minimum build up area (sq.m) 50k 20k
*Investment (USD) 10 mil. 5 mil.
Lock in period after project completion 3 years same
*These limit dont apply to foreign investor, IF 30% of the money spent on low-cost housing for
poors/lower middle class.
UINS2: Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITS)
Hindi:
Not exactly a scheme but investment tool. Anyways, what is REITS? Observe the words
Real
Estate
to construct homes, offices, townships
Investment Indians, NRIs, foreigners all welcome to invest
Trust
operated by professional managers (similar to
mutual fund managers)
How does REITs work?
Mechanism similar to Mutual funds
Junta pools money. Each gets unit according to his contribution in the pool.
Trust manager invests money in completed / almost completed projects.
Such Property is rented / leased. Rent money distributed among investors according to number
of units held by them.
In US, UK: Trust manager must distribute 90% of earning as dividends. (in other words, he can
keep upon 10% commission)
Budget 2014 promised well permit REITs and will not demand corporate tax on them.
SEBI will notify rules in August 2014.
Whatre the benefits of REITS?
1. (Proposed) minimum investment limit will be 5 lakh rupees. (Probably) will provide higher return
on investment than bank, sharemarket= less investment in gold, less current account deficit.
2. REITS units can be sold at stock exchange. (Just like those CPSE exchange traded Funds).
Therefore, you dont have to wait till maturity or real estate prices to go up. You can sell your
units anytime and recover money.
3. This will provide additional source of finance for real estate developers. So they can finish
existing projects, recover money and repay bank loans. NPA will be reduced.
What is InvITS?
Infrastructure investment trusts
Mechanism similar to REITS.
You give money, fund manager builds infrastructure- ports, powerlines, highways. Asset
generates income (Port fees, toll collection etc.) from there, you get dividend in proportion to
units held by you.
Budget 2014 permitted InvITS as well.
UINS3: Housing for All 2022
Exact details not disclosed. but, to achieve this, following measures taken
1. Income tax: home loan interest deduction raised from 1.5 lakh to 2 lakh.
2. National housing bank given funds for mission on low cost affordable housing.
3. Under companies act, certain companies have to spend 2% of their profit on CSR activities.
From now on, slum development also included in one such corporate social responsibility
(CSR) work.
4. FDI for smart cities
5. REITs
6. Municipal debt pool.
UINS4: 500 Cities Urban renewal
In 500 cities, 4 things for next 10 years, via PPP
1. digital connectivity
2. safe drinking water
3. Waste management
4. Recycled water for growing organic fruits and vegetable.
Now lets check some old schemes mentioned in economic survey and or budget 2014
UIES1: JNNRUM 2005
NAME
Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission
(JNNURM) 2005
WHO Ministry of Urban Development
WHEN
7 years time frame. UPA-II wanted to renew but then
regime Change. New minister Naidu says well rename
and re-launch this scheme.
JNNURM has submission for water supply, sanitation, waste Management, transport etc.
State and local bodies have to first reform themselves to become eligible for JNNURM
funding. eg. Adopting e-governance, simplifying property tax collection etc.
Not going into more details because as Naidu said, well rename and relaunch!
UIES2: Rajiv Awas Yojana
WHO Ministry of housing and urban poverty alleviation
WHEN
1. Preparatory phase: 2011-13
2. Implementation phase: 2013-22
Why
to create Slum free (Urban) India
How
curative approach: to upgrade existing slums into
proper houses
Preventive approach to prevent new slums.
UIES3: Rajiv RINN Detergent Yojana
WHO Ministry of housing and urban poverty alleviation
Why
Provide loans to economic weaker section (EWS).
so they can buy homes in Urban areas, instead of
living in slums.
EPICFAIL
because
Ceiling 1-1.6 lakh rupee. Not possible to buy in
cities @this price!
Loan was to be given via banks. Banks reluctant
to give loans to these sub-prime borrowers.
Lets check new schemes under Abki baar Modi Sarkar.
UIES4: Municipal Debt
1. 2006: Government setup Pooled Municipal Debt Obligation Facility
2. It provides loans to municipalities
3. For projects related to public transport, solid waste disposal, sewerage treatment, drinking
water etc.
4. Budget 2014: promised to give 50,000 crores in next 5 years.
So far we learned Rural infra and Urban Infra. Now last part of this whole series.
[Act III] State specific Misc.
SS1: North East
Will promote Commercial organic farming.
Will launch Arun Prabha Channel for cultural integrity.
Rail connectivity: 1000 cr given.
From all India Plan outlay: 10% will be given North east. This will be Non-lapsable. i.e. even if
they can spend money by 31st March 2015, they wont have to return money back.
SS2: Jammu Kashmir
Numbers not important
Rehabilitate displaced Kashmiri Migrant 500 cr
indoor outdoor stadium- building new, upgrading
existing.
200 cr
Pashmina Promotion Programme (P-3) 50 cr.
SS3: Delhi
Water, electricity reform 700cr.
setup Hastkala Academy for handicrafts 30cr.
Renuka Dam 50cr.
What Is Renuka Dam?
Yamuna river => Tributary Giri River (HP)
Himachal Power corp. ltd. will construct a dam on it, in Renuka wildlife sanctuary.
petitions filed in National green tribunal (NGT)
SS4: UTs
Andaman
Nicobar
communication infrastructure
modernization
150
Puducherry disaster Management preparedness 188
Appendix:
Since Modi named schemes after these leaders, weve to prepareem for General Studies Mains
Paper 1: pre-independence and post-independence India.
Pt. Deendayal Upadhyaya (1916-1968)
1. Born: Mathura district in UP
2. Bharatiya Jan Sangh (BJS) General Secretary for 15 years
3. Gave Political philosophy Integral Humainism (BJP)
4. Editor of Panchjanya and Swadesh
5. Scheme: Gram Jyoti for 24/7 electricity supply to villagers.
Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukerjee (1901-1953)
Barrister from England
Youngest VC of Calcutta University
Active in Asiatic society of Calcutta
President of Hindu Mahasabha (1940-44)
Opposed Sarat Suharawady pact, which aimed to create separate Bengal nation.
Minster of Industries and Supply in Nehrus Interim Central government. But resigned due to
Delhi Pact.
First Industry minister in independent India.
Bharatiya Jansangh founder
Wanted Uniform civil code
Wanted full integration of Jammu and Kashmir i.e. remove article 370
Scheme named after him Rurban mission.
Delhi Pact (Nehru- Liaqat) 1950
Signed between Nehru and Paki PM Liaqat Ali Khan.
To prevent communal violence and persecution of refugees.
Salient Features:
1. Equal citizenship to minorities in both countries. Their minority rights will be enforced.
2. Refugees can return to dispose their properties.
3. Abducted women, looted properties will be returned.
4. Forced religious conversions will be unrecognized.
5. Well appoint minority commissions to implement these terms.
Shayama Prasad Mukerjee opposed this pact because Two similar agreements were made in past
but they were #EPICFAIL. So, he felt Pakis would not honor this third agreement either.
FAQ
Q. I had filed RTI to get mains answersheet but UPSC replied NO.
Ans. Talked with RTI expert lawyer friends. UPSC filed SLP against CIC judgment in Supreme
Court. (CIC had earlier ordered disclosure of mains answersheets).
So, if you appeal to FAA hell take CPIOs side saying case in SC. You further appeal in CIC,
video conferencing date may be allotted after 3-5-6 months because of the case pendency.
Nonetheless, if you want to make appeal to FAA, then my RTI champion lawyer friend has
drafted readymade petition. Just download following wordfile
:files.secureserver.net/0shQTLbTl9pIg5
edit details, and upload it on onlinerti portal /OR SEND VIA post it to FAA.
Q. What about those youtube videos?
Ans. Long story cut short, It had become difficult to ride two horses, so I stopped giving lectures, till
prelim is over. So no lecture, no video.
Q. This is chapter 13 what about remaining chapters?
Ans. Im publishing in reverse order of chapters: 13, 12, 11
Q. Youve not mentioned XYZ scheme / fund /policy in this article?
Ans. Many reasons
1. Scheme to be included in some other part e.g. safe drinking water under health part.
Neelanchal under Agro part and so on.
2. Scheme not given in economic survey / budget.
3. As such there are 66 centrally sponsored schemes, and many of them covered under previous
summary of Economic survey 2012. But cost benefit = bad, if you start digging and mugging up
all of them. Hence focusing only on the schemes that are in news.
4. Existing scheme that doesnt have much MCQ worthiness.
Q. Youve hardly given any points for the new schemes
Ans. Jaitley himself did not discuss how hell implement the new schemes- which ministry will
implement? Wholl be the eligible beneficiaries etc.
Most probably Modi saving all those details for his 15
th
august speech.
Q. Youre giving so many stupid ascending descending sequence for everything- taxes, census,
GDP components and so on. It is humanly impossible to mugup it.
Ans. Its called spray and pray technique. Throw up enough data, at least 1 MCQ gets asked in
atleast one competitive exam, then I can claim bogus marketing propaganda. Besides, Compared to
the amount of spray and pray data thrown in coaching material and competitive magazines, Im the
lesser evil in this mafia town.
Q. Will you finish this series before prelim comes?
Ans. I will try to. But unlike Salman Khan, I cant make commitment because there are many factors
beyond my control.
Credits
Technically, this is the last part of the Economic Survey 2013 article series. Therefore, credits
must roll at the end of the movie. This series was impossible without help of following:
1. Rajtanil Solanki, Ahmedabad
2. Shivaram G, Chennai
3. Microsoft Onenote 2013.
Workflow: I gather points from Survey + budget. They dig background points. Final collaboration via
Microsoft Onenote cloud service.
Moral of the story: instead of forming large online studygroup where no one contributes, better find
2-3 hardcore players and collaborate in real-life OR onenote. Otherwise humanly impossible to
cover entire GS syllabus singlehandedly- especially in Mains, even with all readymade study-
material at your disposal.

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