Académique Documents
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Cytology
the study of formation, structure and function of cells
cell
the fundamental unit of all living things
Cell membrane
Surrounds and protects the cell and regulates what passes into
and out of the cell
Nucleus
Controls the operations of the cell
Chromosomes
Rod shaped structures within the nucleus that contain regions
of DNA called genes
Body cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes.
Sex cells contain 23 unpaired chromosomes.
Genes
Regions of DNA within each chromosome
DNA
A chemical within each chromosome, arranged like a sequence
of recipes in code, it regulates the activities of the cell.
Karyotype
A picture of the chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell to
determine their number and structure
Amniocentesis
Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the amniotic sac
Cytoplasm
All the material outside the nucleus and enclosed by the cell
membrane, it carries on the work of the cell
Mitochondria
Structures in the cytoplasm in which food is burned to release
energy
Endoplasmic reticulum
Structures/canals within the cytoplasm where proteins are
made from simpler ones
Body cavities
Crani al cavity
Thoracic cavity
Pleura
Pleural cavity
Mediastinum
Diaphragm
Abdominal cavity
Peritoneum
Pelvic cavity
Spinal cavity
Abdominopelvic cavity
Dorsal
Ventral
Abdominal
Pertaining to the abdomen
Adipose
A collection of fat cells
Anterior
Pertaining to the front
Anabolism
The process of building up complex materials (proteins) from
simple ones
Cervical
Pertaining to the neck of the body or the neck of the uterus
Chondroma
A benign tumor of cartilage
Chondrosarcoma
Malignant tumor of cartilage cells
Chromosomes
Threadlike structures in a cell nucleus that carry the genetic
information in the form of genes
Coccygeal
Pertaining to the coccyx/tailbone
Craniotomy
Incision of the skull
Cytoplasm
The substance that surrounds the nucleus and is contained
within the cell membrane
Distal
Situated away from the origin or point of attachment
Dorsal
Pertaining to the back portion of the body
Histology
Study of tissue
Iliac
Pertaining to the ilium / pelvic bone
Inguinal
Pertaining to the groin
Karyotype
A picture of the chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell
Lateral
Pertaining to the side
lumbosacral
pertaining to the lower back and sacral region
medial
pertaining to the middle or medial plane of the body
nucleic
pertaining to the nucleus
pelvic
pertaining to the pelvis/hip bone
posterior
pertaining to the back
proximal
near the point of attachment to the trunk or the beginning of a
structure
sacral
pertaining to the sacrum
sarcoma
cancerous tumor of connective tissue
spinal
pertaining to the spine/backbone
epithelial cells
cells that cover the outside of the body/skin and line the
internal organs and cavities
thoracic
pertaining to the chest
thoracotomy
incision of the chest
tracheal
pertaining to the trachea/windpipe
umbilical
pertaining to the umbilicus/navel
ventral
pertaining or situated at the front of the body
vertebral
pertaining to the vertebrae
visceral
pertaining to the internal organs
Prefixes
anabolic
building up complex materials (proteins) from simpler ones
catabolism
the process of breaking down complex materials (food) to form
energy
epigastric
pertaining to above the stomach
hypochondriac regions
the upper right and left regions beneath the ribs
intervertebral
pertaining to between the vertebrae
metabolism
chemical processes in the cell that include both anabolism and
catabolism