ELECTION LAW:

Election law is a discipline falling at the juncture of constitutional law and political science. It
researches the politics of law and the law of politics.
ISSUES:
Some of the questions that are addressed by the election law are:
Which persons are entitled to vote in an election (e.g. age,residency or literacy
requirements, or poll taxes) and the procedures by which such persons must register to
vote or present identification in order to vote.
Which persons are hold entitled to hold office (for example, age, residency, birth or
citizenship requirements), and the procedures candidates must follow to appear on the
ballot (such as the formatting and filling of nominating petitions) and rules governing
write-in candidates.
The rules about what subjects may be submitted to a direct popular vote through a
referendum or plebiscite, and the rules that governmental agencies or citizen groups must
follow to place questions on the ballot for public consideration.
The framework by which political parties may organize their internal government and
how they select candidates to run for political office (e.g. primary elections)
The financing of elections (e.g. contribution limits, rules for public financing of elections,
the public disclosure of contributors, and rules governing interest groups other than a
candidates campaign organization)
The requirements for creating districts which elect representatives to a legislative
assembly (examples include congressional districts, ridings or wards within a
municipality)
What restrictions are placed on campaign advocacy (such as rules on anonymous or false
advertising)
How votes are cast at an election (including whether to use a paper ballot, or some other
form of recording votes such as a mechanical voting machine or electronic voting device,
and how information is presented to voters on the ballot or device)
How votes are counted at an election, recounts, and election challenges.
Whether, and how, voters or candidates may file legal actions in a court of law or
administrative agency to enforce their rights or contest the outcome of an election.
Definition of electoral fraud and other crimes against the electoral system.
The source of election law (for example, constitutions, national statutes, or judicial
decisions) and the interplay between these sources of law.


American election law experts and academics are connected in the academic network
coordinated by Daniel H. Lowenstein of UCLA Law School and Richard L. Hasen of UC Irvine
Law School. Lowenstein and Hasen also edit the Election Law Journal and the election law
mailing list.
The Election Laws (Amendment) Act, 2003:
An Act further to amend the Representations of the people Act, 1951 and the Penal Code.
BE it enacted by Parliament in the Fifty-fourth Year of the Republic of India follows:-
(1). Short title and commencement:-
1. This Act may be called the Election Laws (Amendment) Act, 2003.
2. It shall come into force on such date as the Central Government may, by notification in
the Official Gazette, appoint.
(2).Amendment of section 59- In the representation of the People Act, 1951(43 of 1951) in
section 59, for the words, and no votes shall be received by proxy, the words and save as
express1 provided by this Act, no votes shall be received by proxy shall be substituted.
(3).Substitution of new section for section 60- For section 60 of the principal act, the following
sections shall be submitted, namely 60. Special procedure for voting by certain classes of
persons. Without prejudice to the generality of the provisions contained in section 59, provision
may be made, by rules made under this act, for enabling
(a)- any of the persons as if referred to in clause (a) or clause (b) of sub- section (8) of section 20
of the representation of the People Act, 1950 (43 of 1950) to give his vote either in person or by
postal ballot or by proxy, and not in any other manner, at an election in a constituency where poll
is taken.
(b)- Any of the following persons to give his vote either in person or by postal ballot, and not in
any other manner, at an election in a constituency where a poll is taken, namely:-
(i) Any person as if referred to in clause (c) or clause (d) of sub-section (8) of section 20 of the
1950- Act.
(ii) The wife of any such person to whom the provisions of sub-section (3) of section 20 of the
1950-Act apply and such wife