Simulation in LabVIEW

1e|emark Un|vers|ty Co||ege
ueparLmenL of LlecLrlcal Lnglneerlng, lnformaLlon 1echnology and CyberneLlcs

Faculty of Technology, Postboks 203, Kjlnes ring 56, N-3901 Porsgrunn, Norway. Tel: +47 35 57 50 00 Fax: +47 35 57 54 01

Course Manua|

LabvlLW Course
SlmulaLlon ln LabvlLW
Pans-eLLer Palvorsen, 2013.10.08

ll

1able of ConLenLs
1able of ConLenLs .................................................................................................................................... ll
1 lnLroducLlon ...................................................................................................................................... 4
2 ulfferenLlal LquaLlons and 8lock ulagrams ...................................................................................... 6
2.1 1. Crder sysLems ....................................................................................................................... 6
1ask 1: 1.order sysLem ............................................................................................................ 6
2.2 2. Crder sysLems ....................................................................................................................... 7
1ask 2: 2.order sysLem ............................................................................................................ 7
3 SlmulaLlon ln LabvlLW ..................................................................................................................... 8
1ask 3: 8acLerla opulaLlon .................................................................................................. 12
1ask 4: SlmulaLlon of a sprlng-mass damper" sysLem ln LabvlLW ..................................... 13
1ask 3: SlmulaLlon Loop ........................................................................................................ 14
3.1 SlmulaLlon SubsysLem ............................................................................................................. 13
1ask 6: SlmulaLlon SubsysLems ............................................................................................. 16
4 ulscreLe SysLems ............................................................................................................................. 17
4.1 lnLroducLlon ............................................................................................................................ 17
4.2 ulscreLlzaLlon ln MaLhScrlpL .................................................................................................... 18
4.3 ulscreLlzaLlon ln LabvlLW ....................................................................................................... 20
4.4 Lxerclses .................................................................................................................................. 21
1ask 7: ulscreLe sysLem ........................................................................................................ 22
1ask 8: ulscreLe ConLroller .................................................................................................... 22
1ask 9: ulscreLe SLaLe-space model ...................................................................................... 22
1ask 10: ulscreLlzaLlon .......................................................................................................... 23
1ask 11: 8acLerla opulaLlon - ulscreLe SlmulaLlon ............................................................. 24
lll 1able of ConLenLs
LabVIEW Course: Simulation in LabVIEW

1ask 12: ulscreLe Low-pass lllLer .......................................................................................... 23
1ask 13: ulscreLe l conLroller .............................................................................................. 26
1ask 14: SlmulaLlon ............................................................................................................... 27

4

1 lnLroducLlon
LabvlLW has loLs of bullL-ln feaLures for conLrol and slmulaLlon. 8elow we see some of Lhe paleLLes
and funcLlons avallable lnslde LabvlLW.

lf we have Lhe dlfferenLlal equaLlon(s) or Lhe Lransfer funcLlon(s) for Lhe sysLem we can easlly
lmplemenL Lhem ln LabvlLW ln dlfferenL manners. Cne of Lhe mosL used meLhod ls Lo creaLe a block
dlagram based on Lhe dlfferenLlal equaLlon(s) or Lhe Lransfer funcLlon(s). 1he block dlagram we
creaLe ln LabvlLW wlll Lhen be almosL ldenLlcal Lo Lhe block dlagram creaLed wlLh pen and paper.
8elow we see an example where we conLrol and slmulaLe a dynamlc sysLem based on a dlfferenLlal
equaLlon.

LabvlLW offers a speslflc loop used for slmulaLlon purposes, called ConLrol and SlmulaLlon Loop",
buL an ordlnary Whlle can also be used.
3 lnLroducLlon

ln order Lo creaLe such as sysLem ln LabvlLW, we need Lo use Lhe blocks avallable ln Lhe SlmulaLlon
paleLLe, shown below.

Some of Lhe mosL used block are ln Lhe ConLlnuous Llnear SysLems" subpaleLLe.
6

2 ulfferenLlal LquaLlons and
8lock ulagrams
Pere you wlll learn how creaLe block dlagrams from your dlfferenLlal equaLlons. ln LabvlLW we can
slmulaLe dynamlc sysLems uslng block dlagrams.
Lxamp|e:
Clven Lhe followlng dynamlc sysLem (dlfferenLlal equaLlon):
! ! !!" !!"
1he block dlagram for Lhls equaLlon ls as follows:

2.1 1. Crder sysLems
1ask 1: 1.order system
Clven Lhe followlng sysLem:
! ! !" ! !"
uraw a block dlagram for Lhe sysLem uslng pen and paper.
! ! !" ! !" ! !"
7 ulfferenLlal LquaLlons and 8lock ulagrams

[Lnd of 1ask]
2.2 2. Crder sysLems
1ask 2: 2.order system
!! ! ! ! !! ! !"
! ls Lhe poslLlon
! ls Lhe speed
! ls Lhe acceleraLlon
l ls Lhe lorce (conLrol slgnal, u)
d and k are consLanLs
[Lnd of 1ask]
8

3 SlmulaLlon ln LabvlLW
Pere you wlll learn how Lo use Lhe SlmulaLlon paleLLe ln LabvlLW. ?ou need Lhe LabVILW Contro|
Des|gn and S|mu|at|on Modu|e".
8elow we see Lhe ConLrol ueslgn & SlmulaLlon paleLLe ln LabvlLW:

8elow we see Lhe SlmulaLlon paleLLe ln LabvlLW:

1he foundaLlon for Lhe slmulaLlons ls Lhe Contro| & S|mu|at|on Loop", whlch ls locaLed ln Lhe upper
lefL corner ln Lhe SlmulaLlon" paleLLe. 1he ConLrol & SlmulaLlon Loop ls very slmllar Lo an ordlnary
Whlle loop", buL lL has bullL-ln feaLures and ls opLlmlzed for slmulaLlon purposes.
Lxamp|e:
Clven Lhe followlng dynamlc sysLem (dlfferenLlal equaLlon):

! ! !!" !!"
1he block dlagram for Lhls equaLlon ls as follows:

LabVILW Imp|ementat|on:
We can easlly lmplemenL Lhls block dlagram and ploL Lhe resulLs ln LabvlLW:

LeL's seL ! ! !!!" and ! ! !. When we run Lhe slmulaLlon, we geL Lhe followlng resulLs:

S|mu|at|on arameters:
ln Lhe example Lhe followlng slmulaLlon parameLers are used (rlghL-cllck on Lhe SlmulaLlon Loop
border and selecL Conf|gure S|mu|at|on parameters."):

1ransfer Iunct|on:
We can also flnd Lhe Lransfer funcLlon for Lhe sysLem uslng Laplace:

!" ! ! !!" ! ! !"!!!
1hls glves Lhe followlng Lransfer funcLlon:
! ! !
!!!!
!!!!
!
!
! ! !
!
!!!
!
!
! ! !
!
!
!" ! !

1hls means ! ! !!! and ! ! !!!
WlLh ! ! !!!" and ! ! ! we geL:
! ! !
!!!!
!!!!
!
!
!! ! !

lrom Lhe ploL above we see LhaL Lhls ls correcL (! ! ! and ! ! !
!"
! !!).
ln Lhe ConLlnuous Llnear SysLems" paleLLe ln LabvlLW we have a block for deflnlng a Lransfer
funcLlon:

1hen we can easlly use Lhe Lransfer funcLlon block lnsLead:

1hls glves Lhe same resulLs:

Note! 1he order of Lhe coefflclenLs are dlfferenL ln LabvlLW and MaLhScrlpL.
We deflne a Lransfer funcLlon ln LabvlLW llke Lhls:

1ry wlLh dlfferenL values for ! and ! and see whaL's happen - are Lhe resulLs accordlng Lo Lhe
Lheory for 1.order Lransfer funcLlons?
1ask 3: 8acter|a opu|at|on
ln Lhls Lask we wlll use LabvlLW and Lhe LabvlLW ConLrol ueslgn and SlmulaLlon Module Lo slmulaLe
a slmple model of a bacLerla populaLlon ln a [ar.

1he maLhemaLlcal model for Lhe bacLerla populaLlon ls as follows:

!"#$% #'$()!*
+('$% #'$( ) ,*
-

1hen Lhe LoLal raLe of change of bacLerla populaLlon ls:
! ! !" ! !!
!

SeL !"#/hour and $"%&' bacLerla-hour
We wlll slmulaLe Lhe number of bacLerla ln Lhe [ar afLer 1 hour, assumlng LhaL lnlLlally Lhere are 100
bacter|a presenL.
?ou should follow Lhese sLeps:
1. uraw 8lock ulagram uslng pen and paper".
2. SLarL LabvlLW and use Lhe Contro| and S|mu|at|on Loop from ConLrol ueslgn and
SlmulaLlon aleLLe ln LabvlLW
3. urag ln Lhe necessary 8locks from Lhe paleLLe (lncludlng Lhe ploL).
4. use Lhe Connect|on W|re" from Lhe 1oo|s pa|ette and draw Lhe necessary wlres.
3. Conf|gure S|mu|at|on arameters (rlghL-cllck on Lhe ConLrol and SlmulaLlon Loop border)
6. SLarL Lhe SlmulaLlon. 1he SlmulaLlon resulL should be presenL ln a ploL.
[Lnd of 1ask]
1ask 4: S|mu|at|on of a "spr|ng-mass damper" system |n LabVILW
use LabVILW Contro| Des|gn and S|mu|at|on Modu|e" and Lhe Contro| and S|mu|at|on Loop"
ln order Lo creaLe a slmulaLlon of a sprlng-mass damper sysLem.

1he dlfferenLlal equaLlon for Lhe sysLem ls as follows:

! !
!
!
!! ! !! ! !"!
Where.
! ls an exLernal force applled Lo Lhe sysLem
! ls Lhe damplng consLanL of Lhe sprlng
! ls Lhe sLlffness of Lhe sprlng
! ls a mass
! ls Lhe poslLlon of Lhe mass
! ls Lhe flrsL derlvaLlve of Lhe poslLlon, whlch equals Lhe veloclLy of Lhe mass
! ls Lhe second derlvaLlve of Lhe poslLlon, whlch equals Lhe acceleraLlon of Lhe mass
S|mu|ate and p|ot the pos|t|on (!), the ve|oc|ty (!), and the acce|erat|on (!) |n 3 d|fferent p|ots.
Note! uraw a block dlagram of Lhe sysLem uslng pen and paper before you lmplemenL Lhe sysLem ln
LabvlLW.
ln Lhe slmulaLlons you may seL ! ! !!!!! ! ! !! ! ! ! !"# ! ! !""
1hen Lry Lo seL ! ! !" and see Lhe dlfference. 1ry also dlfferenL values for ! and ! and see whaL
happens. 1ry Lo explaln Lhe resulLs.
[Lnd of 1ask]
1ask S: S|mu|at|on Loop
Clven Lhe followlng (nonllnear) sysLem of a llquld Lank:
! ! !!
!
! ! !
!
!
where ! ls Lhe lnpuL (conLrol value), ! ls Lhe ouLpuL (level), !
!
ls Lhe valve ouLflow parameLer,
and !
!
ls Lhe pump lnflow parameLer.
SeL !
!
! !, !
!
! ! and !
!
! !. Apply a SLep slgnal for !!
CreaLe an appllcaLlon where you use LabVILW Contro| Des|gn and S|mu|at|on Modu|e" and Lhe
Contro| and S|mu|at|on Loop" ln order Lo slmulaLe Lhe sysLem. Pere you wlll use Lhe slmulaLlon
blocks from Lhe SlmulaLlon paleLLe ln LabvlLW Lo creaLe a conLlnuous model.
loL Lhe resulLs.
[Lnd of 1ask]

3.1 SlmulaLlon SubsysLem
?ou may creaLe a S|mu|at|on Subsystem (llle - new.):

1he SlmulaLlon SubsysLem ls very useful when deallng wlLh larger slmulaLlon sysLems ln order Lo
creaLe a more sLrucLured code. l recommend LhaL you (always) use Lhls feaLure.
1he SlmulaLlon SubsysLem ls almosL equal Lo a normal LabvlLW 8lock ulagram buL noLlce Lhe
background color ls sllghLly darker.
noLe! ln order Lo open Lhe SlmulaLlon SubsysLem, rlghL-cllck and selecL Cpen SubsysLem".
8elow we se an example of a SlmulaLlon SubsysLem:


As you can see when we use a SlmulaLlon SubsysLem, we don'L need Lo use Lhe SlmulaLlon Loop.
8elow we see an example of a SlmulaLlon SubsysLem used lnslde an ordlnary Whlle loop.

1he advanLage wlLh Lhls soluLlon ls LhaL we can easly reuse Lhe same subsysLem ln many appllcaLlons.
AnoLher advanLage ls LhaL we can use an ordlnary Whlle loop lnsLead of a SlmulaLlon Loop.
1hls ls an approach l would recommend ln mosL slLuaLlons.
1ask 6: S|mu|at|on Subsystems
CreaLe a SlmulaLlon SubsysLem for one or more of Lhe prevlous Lasks, e.g. Lhe 8acLerla
opulaLlon" and/or Lhe Mass-sprlng-damper" sysLem.
[Lnd of 1ask]
17

4 ulscreLe SysLems
4.1 lnLroducLlon
We wlll use dlfferenL dlscreLlzaLlon meLhods uslng pen and paper exerclses and ln pracLlcal
lmplemenLaLlon ln MaLhScrlpL/LabvlLW along wlLh bullL-ln dlscreLlzaLlon meLhods.
Lu|er:
1wo commonly used meLhods for dlscreLlzaLlon are as follows:
Lu|er forward method:
! !
! ! ! ! ! !!!!
!
!

Lu|er backward method:
! !
! ! ! !!! ! !!
!
!

CLher meLhods are Zero Crder Pold (ZCP), 1usLln's meLhod, eLc.
Where !
!
ls Lhe sampllng Llme, and ! ! ! ! , !!!! and !!! ! !! are dlscreLe values.
noLe! ulfferenL noLaLlons may be used: ! ! ! !
!
= ! !
!
, ! ! ! ! ! !
!!!
! ! !
!!!
, ! ! !
! ! !
!!!
! ! !
!!!
, eLc.
Lxamp|e:
! ! !!" ! !"
We wlll use Lhe Luler forward meLhod Lo creaLe a dlscreLe verslon of Lhls sysLem.
We geL as follows:
! ! ! ! ! !!!!
!
!
! !!"!!! ! !"!!!
lurLher:
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
!
!!!"!!! ! !"!!!!
18 ulscreLe SysLems

1hls glves:
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
!
!"!!! ! !
!
!"!!!!
llnally:
! ! ! ! ! !! ! !
!
!!! ! ! !
!
!!!!!
lf we use ! !!!" , ! ! ! and !
!
! !!!!, we geL:
!!! ! !! ! !!!!"#!!!! ! !!!!!!!
[Lnd of Lxample]
4.2 ulscreLlzaLlon ln MaLhScrlpL
ln MaLhScrlpL we can slmulaLe a dlscreLe sysLem uslng a lor Loop or a Whlle Loop.
We can also use some of Lhe bullL-ln funcLlons Lo converL a conLlnuous sLaLe-space model Lo a
dlscreLe sLaLe-space model. ln MaLhScrlpL we can use Lhe funcLlon c2d() Lo converL from a
conLlnuous sysLem Lo a dlscreLe sysLem.
Lxamp|e:
We wlll slmulaLe Lhe followlng dlscreLe sysLem ln MaLhScrlpL uslng a lor Loop:
! ! ! ! ! !! ! !
!
!!! ! ! !
!
!"!!!
We wlll seL ! ! !!!" and ! ! !
MaLhScrlpL code:
% Simulation of discrete model
clear
clc

% Model Parameters
a = 0.25;
b = 2;

% Simulation Parameters
Ts = 0.1; %s
Tstop = 20; %s
uk = 1;
x(1) = 0;

% Simulation
for k=1:(Tstop/Ts)
x(k+1) = (1-a*Ts).*x(k) + Ts*b*uk;
end

19 ulscreLe SysLems

% Plot the Simulation Results
k=0:Ts:Tstop;
plot (k, x)
grid on
We use !
!
! !!!! as Lhe sampllng Llme.
1hls glves Lhe followlng resulLs:

As you may noLlce, we geL Lhe same resulL as we geL ln Lhe prevlous Lxerclse (10b) when we used
LabvlLW.
[Lnd of Lxample]
Lxamp|e:
! ! !!" ! !"
We wlll seL ! ! !!!" and ! ! !
We wlll use Lhe bullL-ln funcLlon c2d() ln order Lo flnd Lhe dlscreLe sysLem:
% Find Discrete model
clear
clc

% Model Parameters
a = 0.25;
b = 2;
Ts = 0.1; %s
20 ulscreLe SysLems

% State-space model
A = [-a];
B = [b];
C = [1];
D = [0];

model = ss(A,B,C,D)
model_discrete = c2d(model, Ts, 'forward')
1hls glves Lhe followlng resulLs:
a
0.975
b
0.2
c
1
d
0
or:
!!! ! !! ! !!!!"#!!!! ! !!!!!!!
!!!! ! !!!!
As you see Lhls ls Lhe same resulL as ln Lhe example above.
[Lnd of Lxample]
4.3 ulscreLlzaLlon ln LabvlLW
1here are several ways we can make a dlscreLe model ln LabvlLW as well. ln Lhls exerclse we wlll use
Lhe lormula node". A lormula node ln LabvlLW evaluaLes maLhemaLlcal formulas and expresslons
slmllar Lo C on Lhe block dlagram. ln Lhls way you may use exlsLlng C code dlrecLly lnslde your
LabvlLW code. lL ls also useful when you have complex" maLhemaLlcal expresslons.

Lxamp|e:
We use Lhe same dlscreLe sysLem as ln prevlous examples:
! ! ! ! ! !! ! !
!
!!! ! ! !
!
!"!!!
21 ulscreLe SysLems

WlLh ! ! !!!" and ! ! !
We wlll use Lhe lormula node and a lor Loop ln LabvlLW ln order Lo slmulaLe Lhls dlscreLe model.
1he LabvlLW code ls as follows:

1he slmulaLlon resulLs are as follows:

As you see we geL Lhe same resulLs here as ln Lhe oLher examples.
[Lnd of Lxample]
4.4 Lxerclses
22 ulscreLe SysLems

1ask 7: D|screte system
!
!
! !
!
! ! !
!

!
!
! !
! ! !
!

llnd Lhe dlscreLe sysLem and seL lL on sLaLe-space form (uslng pen and paper).
use Luler forward:
! !
! ! ! ! ! !!!!
!
!

ueflne Lhe conLlnuous sLaLe-space model (pen and paper") and Lhen lmplemenL Lhe conLlnuous
sLaLe-space model ln MaLhScrlpL. 1hen use MaLhScrlpL Lo flnd Lhe dlscreLe sLaLe-space model.
Compare Lhe resulL from Lhe prevlous Lask.
SeL !
!
! ! and !
!
! !!!
[Lnd of 1ask]
1ask 8: D|screte Contro||er
A conLroller ls glven by Lhe followlng Lransfer funcLlon:
!
!
! !
!!!!
!!!!
!
!!! ! !!!!
! ! !

llnd Lhe conLlnuous dlfferenLlal equaLlon.
llnd Lhe dlscreLe dlfference equaLlon. use Lhe Luler backward meLhod.
[Lnd of 1ask]
1ask 9: D|screte State-space mode|
!
!
! !!
!
!
!
! !
!
!
!
! !"
!
!
! !!
!
! !
! ! !
!
! !!
!

23 ulscreLe SysLems

llnd Lhe dlscreLe sLaLe-space model
ueflne Lhe conLlnuous sLaLe-space model (pen and paper") and Lhen lmplemenL Lhe conLlnuous
sLaLe-space model ln MaLhScrlpL. 1hen use MaLhScrlpL Lo flnd Lhe dlscreLe sLaLe-space model.
Compare Lhe resulL from Lhe prevlous subLask.
use values !
!
! !! !
!
! !! ! ! !! ! ! ! and !
!
! !!!.
[Lnd of 1ask]
1ask 10: D|scret|zat|on
Clven Lhe followlng (nonllnear) sysLem of a llquld Lank:
! ! !!
!
! ! !
!
!
CreaLe a new appllcaLlon ln LabvlLW where you S|mu|ate Lhe model uslng a Iormu|a Node Lo
lmplemenL Lhe dlscreLe model.
use one of Lu|ers ulscreLlzaLlon meLhods ln order Lo creaLe a d|screte mode| of Lhe sysLem. Whlch of
Lulers meLhods dld you use? Why?
use a Whlle Loop or a lor Loop and selecL a proper Llme-sLep !
!
for Lhe slmulaLlon. use Lhe same
seLLlngs and values as ln Lhe prevlous case.
Compare Lhe resulLs from Lhe 2 dlfferenL meLhods used above. uo you geL Lhe same resulLs?
Lxamp|e:
lmplemenLlng Lhe model as a Subvl uslng Lhe lormula node:

use Lhe model ln a lor Loop:
24 ulscreLe SysLems

[Lnd of 1ask]
1ask 11: 8acter|a opu|at|on - D|screte S|mu|at|on
ln Lhls Lask we wlll use LabvlLW and Lhe LabvlLW ConLrol ueslgn and SlmulaLlon Module Lo slmulaLe
a slmple model of a bacLerla populaLlon ln a [ar.

1he maLhemaLlcal model for Lhe bacLerla populaLlon ls as follows:
!"#$% #'$()!*
+('$% #'$( ) ,*
-

1hen Lhe LoLal raLe of change of bacLerla populaLlon ls:
! ! !" ! !!
!

SeL !"#/hour and $"%&' bacLerla-hour
23 ulscreLe SysLems

We wlll slmulaLe Lhe number of bacLerla ln Lhe [ar afLer 1 hour, assumlng LhaL lnlLlally Lhere are 100
bacter|a presenL.
llnd Lhe dlscreLe sysLem uslng Luler, Lhen slmulaLe Lhe sysLem ln LabvlLW. use, e.g., Lhe lormula
node, eLc.
1ask 12: D|screte Low-pass I||ter
1ransfer funcLlon for a flrsL-order low-pass fllLer may be wrlLLen:
! ! !
!
!
!
! ! !

Where !
!
ls Lhe Llme-consLanL of Lhe fllLer.
CreaLe Lhe dlscreLe low-pass fllLer algorlLhm uslng pen and paper".
use Lhe Lu|er 8ackward meLhod.
! !
!
!
! !
!!!
!
!

CreaLe a dlscreLe low-pass fllLer ln LabVILW uslng Lhe Iormu|a Node ln LabvlLW.
CreaLe a SubVI of Lhe code. ?ou wlll use Lhls subvl ln your pro[ecL laLer. 1he user needs Lo be able Lo
seL Lhe Llme consLanL of Lhe fllLer !
!
from Lhe ouLslde, l.e., lL should be an lnpuL Lo Lhe Subvl. 1he
slmulaLlon 1lme-sLep !
!
needs also Lo be seL from Lhe ouLslde.
1esL and make sure your fllLer works!
noLe! A golden rule ls LhaL:
!
!
!
!
!
!

?ou may, e.g., use Lhe Un|form Wh|te No|se t8yt.v|". Lxample:
26 ulscreLe SysLems

[Lnd of 1ask]
1ask 13: D|screte I contro||er
A conLlnuous-Llme l conLroller may be wrlLLen:
! ! ! !
!
! !
!
! ! !
!
!
!
!
!"#
!
!

Where . ls Lhe conLroller ouLpuL and ! ls Lhe conLrol error:
! ! ! ! ! ! !!!!
8elow we see a block dlagram of a slmple conLrol sysLem:
27 ulscreLe SysLems

CreaLe Lhe dlscreLe l ConLroller algorlLhm uslng pen and paper". use Lhe Luler 8ackward
meLhod.
! !
!
!
! !
!!!
!
!

CreaLe a dlscreLe l conLroller ln LabvlLW uslng Lhe Iormu|a Node. CreaLe a SubVI of Lhe code.
?ou wlll use Lhls subvl ln your pro[ecL laLer.
[Lnd of 1ask]
1ask 14: S|mu|at|on
lmplemenL your l conLroller and Low-pass fllLer ln a slmulaLlon. ?ou may, e.g., use Lhe example
Genera| ID S|mu|ator.v|" as a base for your slmulaLlon. use Lhe nl Lxample llnder" (Pelp - llnd
Lxamples.) ln order Lo flnd Lhe vl ln LabvlLW.
Note! ?ou wlll need Lhe LabVILW ID and Iuzzy Log|c 1oo|k|t" ln order Lo fulflll Lhls 1ask.
8un Lhe example and see how lL ls lmplemenLed and how lL works.
Note! Save Lhe vl wlLh a new name and replace Lhe conLroller used ln Lhe example wlLh Lhe
conLroller you creaLed ln Lhe prevlous Lask.
28 ulscreLe SysLems

[Lnd of 1ask]

Iacu|ty of 1echno|ogy
k[|nes k|ng S6
N-3918 orsgrunn, Norway
www.h|t.no

nans-etter na|vorsen, M.Sc.
Iacu|ty of 1echno|ogy
Department of L|ectr|ca| Lng|neer|ng, Informat|on 1echno|ogy and Cybernet|cs

L-ma||: hans.p.ha|vorsenQh|t.no
8|og: http:]]home.h|t.no]~hansha]

Simulation in LabVIEW

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Simulation in LabVIEW

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1e|emark Un|vers|ty Co||ege

ueparLmenL of LlecLrlcal Lnglneerlng, lnformaLlon 1echnology and CyberneLlcs

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