Concise Solns CH 3

A Concise Introduction to MATLAB
by William J. Palm III

Solutions to Problems in Chapter Three
c
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Test Your Understanding Problems
T3.1-1 The session is
x = [5:20:85];
y = [10:30:130];
log(x.*y)-(log(x)+log(y))
ans =
1.0e-014 *
-0.0444 0 -0.1776 -0.1776 0.1776
which are essentially zero, so the identity is correct.
This work may be used only on a not-for-prot basis and only by instructors
in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other use without
publishers consent is unlawful.
x = sqrt(2+6i)
x =
2.0402 + 1.4705i
abs(x)
ans =
2.5149
angle(x)
ans =
0.6245
real(x)
ans =
2.0402
imag(x)
ans =
1.4705
x = [0:0.4:2*pi];
exp(i*x)-(cos(x)+i*sin(x))
The answers are essentially zero, which demonstrates that the identity is correct.
x = [0:0.4:2*pi];
asin(x)+acos(x)-pi/2
x = [0:0.4:2*pi];
tan(2*x)-2*tan(x)./(1-tan(x).^2)
x = [0:0.1:5];
sin(i*x)-i*sinh(x)
x = [-10:0.1:10];
asinh(x)-log(x+sqrt(x.^2+1))
T3.2-1 The function le is
function y = f5(x)
y = exp(-0.2*x).*sin(x+2)-0.1;
You can plot the function to obtain solution estimates to use with fzero, or you can simply
try values of x between 0 and 10. The session is
fzero(@f5,0)
ans =
1.0187
fzero(@f5,4)
ans =
4.5334
fzero(@f5,6)
ans =
7.0066
So the solutions are x = 1.0187, 4.5334, and 7.0066.
T3.2-2 The function le is
function y = f6(x)
y = 1 + exp(-0.2*x).*sin(x+2);
You can plot the function to obtain solution estimates to use with fminbnd, or you can
simply try values of x between 0 and 10. The session is
fminbnd(@f6,0,3)
ans =
2.5150
f6(ans)
ans =
0.4070
fminbnd(@f6,3,10)
ans =
8.7982
f6(ans)
ans =
0.8312
So the solutions are (x, y) = (2.5150, 0.4070) and (x, y) = (8.7982, 0.8312).
T3.2-3 Refer to Example 3.2-1. Modify the function le given in the example to use an
area of 200 ft
2
rather than 100 ft
2
. The function le is
function L = channel(x)
L = 200./x(1)-x(1)./tan(x(2))+2*x(1)./sin(x(2));
Because this problem is similar to Example 3.2-1, we can try the same guess as in the
example. The session is
x = fminsearch(@channel,[20,1])
x =
10.7457 1.0472
The answer is d = 10.7457 ft and = 1.0472 radians, or 60
.
End-of-Chapter Problems
3.1 The session is
x = [0:2];
y = -3+i*x;
abs(y)
ans =
3.0000 3.1623 3.6056
sqrt(y)
ans =
0 + 1.7321i 0.2848 + 1.7553i 0.5503 + 1.8174i
(-5-7i)*y
ans =
5.0000 + 21.0000i 22.0000 + 16.0000i 29.0000 + 11.0000i
y/(6-3i)
ans =
-0.4000 - 0.2000i -0.4667 - 0.0667i -0.5333 + 0.0667i
3.2 The session is
x = -5-8i;y = 10-5i;
abs(x*y)
ans =
105.4751
angle(x*y)
ans =
-2.5930
abs(x/y)
ans =
0.8438
angle(x/y)
ans =
-1.6657
3.3 The session is
(180/pi)*atan2(8,5)
ans =
57.9946
(180/pi)*atan2(8,-5)
ans =
122.0054
(180/pi)*atan2(-8,5)
ans =
-57.9946
(180/pi)*atan2(-8,-5)
ans =
-122.0054
The answers are in degrees.
3.4 The session is
x = [0:0.5:5];
sinh(x)-((exp(x)-exp(-x))/2)
ans =
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Because the results are all zero, the identity is correct for the given values of x.
3.5 The session is
x=[-100:10:100];
asinh(x)-log(x+sqrt(x.^2+1))
ans =
1.0e-011 *
Columns 1 through 7
-0.2842 0.2274 0.0853 0.0568 0 0 0
Columns 8 through 11
0 0 0 0
Because the results are all essentially zero, the identity is correct for the given values of x.
3.6 The script le is
epsilon = 8.854e-12;
L = 1;r = 0.001;
d = input(
Enter a value for d in meters:
)
C = pi*epsilon*L./log((d-r)./r);
disp(
The capacitance in farads is:

)
disp(C)
beta_deg = input(
Enter a value for beta in degrees:
);
% Convert to radians.
beta = (pi/180)*beta_deg;
mu = input(
Enter a value for mu:
);
F2 = input(
Enter a value for force F2:
);
F1 = F2*exp(mu*beta);
disp(
The force F1 is:
)
disp(F1)
The answer for = 130
, F
2
= 100, and = 0.3 is F
1
= 197.5217 N.
3.8 The function le is
function angle_deg = atan2d(y,x)
% Computes atan2(y,x) in degrees.
angle_rad = atan2(y,x);
angle_deg = angle_rad*180/pi;
A test session follows.
atan2d(1,0))
ans =
90
atan2d(1,-1))
ans =
135
function y = temp(x)
% Converts from Fahrenheit to Celsius.
y = (5/9)*(x-32);
temp([32,212])
ans =
0 100
function t = time(h,v0,g)
% Computes time t to reach a specified height h, with initial speed v0.
roots([0.5*g,-v0,h])
time(100,50,9.81)
ans =
7.4612
2.7324
The smaller value is the time to reach the height while ascending; the larger value is the
time to reach the height while descending.
3.11 The function les are
function h = height(V,r)
h = (V-2*pi*r.^3/3)./(pi*r.^2);
function cost = tower(r)
h = height(500,r);
cost = 600*pi*r.*h+800*pi*r.^2;
The session is:
optimum r = fminbnd(@tower,0,100)
optimum r =
4.9237
min cost = tower(optimum r)
min cost =
9.1394e+4
optimum h = height(500,optimum r)
optimum h =
3.2825
So the optimum radius is 4.9237 meters; the optimum height is 3.2825 meters, and the
minimum cost is $91,394.
function [L, total] = field(W,A)
L = (A-W.^2/8)./W;
total = 2*L+W+2*W/sqrt(2);
The session is:
[L, total] = field(6,80)
The results are L = 12.5833 meters and total = 39.6519 meters.
function cost = fence(R)
A = 1600;
L = (A-0.5*pi*R.^2)./(2*R);
cost = 30*(2*R+2*L)+40*pi*R;
The session is
optimum R = fminbnd(@fence,0,100)
optimum R =
18.6137
min cost = fence(optimum R)
min cost =
5.1575e+3
optimum L = (A-0.5*pi*optimum R.^2)./(2*optimum R)
optimum L =
28.3599
The optimum radius is 18.6137 feet, and the corresponding length is 28.3599 feet. The
minimum cost is $5,157.50.
3.14 The function les are
function deltaV = volume(t)
global r x
V = 1e+9+1e+8*(1-exp(-t/100))-r*t;
deltaV = V-0.01*x*1e+9;
function time = decrease(x,r)
global r x
time = fzero(@volume,1);
The session is
time = decrease(50,1e+7)
time =
54.1832
Thus it will take about 54 days.
3.15 a)
h =
3V
r
2
A = r
r
2
+
9V
2
2
r
4
b) The function le is
function A = area(r)
global V
A = pi*r.*sqrt(r.^2+9*V^2./(pi^2*r.^4));
c) First plot the area versus r to locate the minimum approximately. It is between r = 1
and r = 3. The session is
global V
V = 10;
r = [0.5:0.01:5];
plot(r,area(r))
[r, A] = fminbnd(@area,1,3);
h = 3*V/(pi*r^2)
The results are r = 1.8901, A = 19.4393, and h = 2.6730.
Plotting A versus r shows that A is 10% above its minimum value when r is approxi-
mately 1.48 and 2.35.
3.16 a) The function is
function [V, A] = torus(a,b)
V = 0.25*pi^2*(a+b).*(b-a).^2;
A = pi^2*(b.^2-a.^2);
The session is
a = [0.25:0.01:4];
b = a+2;
[V,A] = torus(a,b);
subplot(2,1,1),plot(a,V),xlabel(
a (in.)
),ylabel(
V (cu. in.)
)
subplot(2,1,2),plot(a,A),xlabel(
a (in.)
),ylabel(
A (sq. in.)
)
3.17 The function is
function [a,b,c,d] = cubicpoly(x,y)
for k = 1:4
A(:,k) = x.^(4-k);
end
B = y
;
coeff = A\B;
a = coeff(1);
b = coeff(2);
c = coeff(3);
d = coeff(4);
The session is
x = [-2,0,2,4];
y = [-20,4,68,508];
[a,b,c,d] = cubicpoly(x,y)
This gives the correct answers.
ex = @(x) 10*exp(-2*x);
x = [0:0.01:2];
plot(x,ex(x)),xlabel(
),ylabel(
10e^{-2x}
)
fn = @(x) 20*x.^2-200*x + 3;
x = [4:0.01:6];
plot(x,fn(x)),xlabel(
),ylabel(
),grid
[x, fval] = fminbnd(fn,4,6)
The answers returned are x = 5, which is the location of the minimum value, and fval =
-497, which is the value of the minimum.
f = @(x) x.^2;
g = @(x) 3*cos(x);
h = @(x) 6*exp(x);
u = @(x) h(g(f(x)));
x = [0:0.01:4];
plot(x,u(x)),xlabel(
),ylabel(
)
3.21 Create the following function le.
function f = cubic(a,b,c,d)
f = @p;
function y = p(x)
y = a*x.^3+b*x.^2+c*x+d;
end
end
The session is
>> f = cubic(3,-12,-33,90);
x = [-10:0.01:10];
plot(x,f(x)),grid
fzero(f,-4)
fzero(f,6)
The returned answers are 3 and 5. The two zeros are located at x = 3 and x = 5.
3.22 Create the following function le.
function f = parabola(a,b,c)
f = @p;
function y = p(x)
y = a*x.^2+b*x+c;
end
end
The session is
f = parabola(4,-50,5);
[x,fval] = fminbnd(f,-10,10)
The returned answers are x = 6.2500, which is the location of the minimum, and fval =
-151.2500, which is the value of the minimum.
3.23 Assuming the data has been stored in the text le Prob3p24.txt, the session is
load Prob3p24.txt
A = Prob3p24;
mean(A)
The returned answers are 56.7500 42.2500 94.2500.
3.24 Assuming that the data have been saved in the Excel spreadsheet le Prob3p24.xls,
the session is
A = xlsread(
Prob3p24
)
A =
55 42 98
51 39 95
63 43 94
58 45 90
S = sum(A)
S =
227 169 377
The sums are 227, 169, and 377.
3.25 No MATLAB commands are needed to solve this problem.

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A Concise Introduction to MATLAB

by William J. Palm III

Enter a value for d in meters:

The capacitance in farads is:

Enter a value for beta in degrees:

Enter a value for mu:

Enter a value for force F2:

The force F1 is:

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