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This educational site visit of Sarda Sahayak Feeder
Canal & Gomti Aqueduct on 11th of September
2013 is conducted by civil department
Pankaj kumar
B.tech (Civil)
Vth Semester
1210511713


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CERTIFICATION



I hereby declare that the project work entitled as Sarda Sahayak Feeder
Canal & Gomti Aqueduct is an authentic record of my own work carried out at
Sarda Sahayak Feeder Canal & Gomti Aqueduct as required for the fifth
semester project of B.TECH. (Civil Engineering), under the guidance of Mr.
SUDHAKAR PATHAK, on (11
th
Sept. 2013).


Date: __________
Signature: __________

Certified that the above statement made by the student is correct to the best of our
knowledge and belief.



(Mr. Sudhakar Pathak)
Professor
Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT


With feeling of joy and thank, I place in your hand my Site visit report. It my plea-
sant privileges to thank all those who help me in molding and shaping my report.
Without their guidance, cooperation and best wishes it would have been impossible
for me to complete my site visit report. A big thanks to all those who helped me by
sparing time amidst their busy schedule and for being kind enough to help me
whenever I needed them.

I feel grateful and wish to express my gratitude to Dr. Abhishek Saxena, Dean of
Civil Department of SRMU for providing me an opportunity to visit Gomti
Aqueduct. I would like to acknowledge special thank to Prof. Shudhakar Pathak
for his continual guidance and support at site visit.

Finally, I am thankful to all the respected employees of Gomti Aqueduct for pro-
viding me the necessary information, cooperation in site visit. I thank god almighty
for his abundant blessing because without it this site visit report was only a dream.


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CONTENT


I. Introduction------------------------------------------------------------ 4
II. Feeder Canal----------------------------------------------------------- 5
III. Cross Regulator------------------------------------------------------- 7
IV. Escape------------------------------------------------------------------ 8
V. Canal Lining----------------------------------------------------------- 9
VI. Hydraulic J ump-------------------------------------------------------- 10
VII. Foot Briged------------------------------------------------------------- 11
VIII. Aqueduct--------------------------------------------------------------- 12
About Gomti Aqueduct
Uses of Aqueduct
Advantages of Aqueduct
Disadvantages of Aqueduct
IX. T- Diagram of Sarda Sahayak Feeder Canal System-------------- 16


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INTRODUCTION


The department of Civil Engineering, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial
University, Organized a one day educational visit of Sarda Sahayak Feeder
Canal & Gomti Aqueduct on 11th of September 2013 for B.tech Civil Engineer-
ing students. Visit was organized as per Shri Ramswaroop memorial university
guidelines and recommendations regarding syllabus of B.Tech Civil Engineering.
Visit was organized with the prior permission of honorable V.C. (Dr. A.k.
Singh) of SRMU, hard efforts of Dean of Civil Department (Dr. Abhishek Sax-
ena), Prof. Sudhakar Pathak & teaching staff Ms. Deepti Verma, Ms. Shipra.
prof. Sudhakar Pathak guides the students during visit. The civil engineering stu-
dents hard efforts and initiative under the continuous guidance of Dr.Abhishek
Saxena & Pro. Sudhakar Pathak which makes this visit a grand success.
In this site visit we seen and learn about Feeder canal, Escape, Cross regula-
tor, Gomti Aquaduct. We seen how they work, what is purpose and aim of con-
struction Feeder canal, Escape, Cross regulator, Gomti Aquaduct. We learn about
their dimensions, material used, and flow of water, supports and beam given in
Gomti Aquaduct. At last we see and learn about T- Diagram of Sharda Sahayak
Canal System.




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FEEDER CANAL



Feeder canal is a canal which serving to conduct water to a large canal or
Aquaduct, flow of water in this feeder canal is natural.
Feeder canal of Gomti aqueduct start from Sharda River. But we use Ghaghara
River water also by diverting 480 cumecs of Ghaghara water into Sharda River
by a link canal. After covering distance of 153 Km, feeder canal serving water to
Gomti aqueduct and after 258 Km feeder canal serve water to Allahabad, Surav,
and Manigau.




Fig: (1) Fig: (2)


Fig: (1) & (2) are pics of feeder canal
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Lakhimpur Kheri Sitapur
Luck now Barabanki
Rai Bareli Allahabad
Pratapgarh Jaunpur
Varanasi Azamgarh
Sultanpur Mau
Ballia Faizabad
Ghazipur Ambedkar nagar
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CROSS REGULATOR


A cross regulator is a structure constructed across a canal at 148 Km from Sharda
river to regulate the water level in the canal upstream of itself and the discharge
passing downstream of it. It is consist of 3 gates.
Purposes of cross regulator:
1. To feed off taking canals located upstream of the cross regulator.
2. To help water escape from canals in conjunction with escapes.
3. To control water surface slopes in conjunction with falls for bringing the canal
to regime slope and section.
4. To control discharge at an outfall of a canal into another canal or lake.



Fig 3: Cross regulator Fig 4: water passing from
Regulator gates
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ESCAPE



It is a bypass which is use to allow release of excess water from the canal system.
Purpose of Escape:
1. Wrong operation of head works in trying to regulate flow in a long channel re-
sulting in release of excess water than the total demand in the canal system down-
stream.
2. Excessive rainfall in the command area leading to reduced demand and conse-
quent closure of downstream gates.
3. Sudden closure of control gates due to a canal bank breach.
4. The excess water in a canal results in the water level rising above the full supply
level which, if allowed to overtop the canal banks, may cause erosion and subse-
quent breaches.
5. Hence, canal escapes help in releasing the excess water from a canal at times of
emergency.
6. Escapes as also built at the tail end of minors at the far ends of a canal network.
7. These are required to maintain the required full supply level at the tail end of the
canal branch.




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CANAL LINING

An impervious layer is provided at the bed and sides of canal to improve the life
and discharge capacity of canal known as canal lining.
Reasons for Canal Lining
To save water (reduce seepage)
To stabilize channel bed
and banks (reduce erosion)
To avoid piping through and under channel banks
To decrease hydraulic roughness (flow resistance)
To promote movement, rather than deposition, of sediments
To avoid water logging of adjacent land
To control weed growth
To decrease maintenance costs and facilitate cleaning
To reduce excavation costs (when extant material is unsuitable)
To reduce movement of contaminated groundwater plumes
.

Fig: (5) Fig: (6)
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HYDRAULIC JUMP
Whenever the flow profile changes from supercritical to subcritical, hydraulic
jumps will occur. A hydraulic jump represents a significant head loss that mani-
fests in available energy for scour and creation of turbulence. Hydraulic jumps are
one of the three occurrences of Rapidly Varied Flow. Hydraulic jumps are general-
ly an undesirable condition for fish passage and erosion control.

A hydraulic jump can only occur if the following two conditions are satisfied:
1. The culvert has a steep hydraulic slope (y
c
>y
n
)
2. The tail water depth is greater than critical depth (y
TW
> y
c
)

Fig: (7) Fig: (8)
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FOOT BRIDGE



A footbridge is a bridge designed for pedestrians and in some cases cyclists, ani-
mal traffic and horse riders, rather than Vehicular Traffic. Footbridges complement
the landscape and can be used decoratively to visually link two distinct areas or to
signal a transaction.




Fig: (9) Foot Bridge

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AQUEDUCT


An aqueduct is an artificial channel through which water is transferred from
one place to another. Aqueducts can be made of many different types of materials,
such as brick, concrete, metal or wood, and constructed in a variety of ways, for
instance as tunnels, canals or bridges. An aqueduct can transport a small amount of
water as well as a large enough amount that watercraft can even be transported
through it, and the water can be moved through the use of pumps or simply by
gravity.
About Gomti aqueduct
Gomti aqueduct construction is started on 1973 & completed on 1978 and
inaugurated by Indira Gandhi.
Its foundation depth is 100 m.
There are 12 spans are used in foundation of Gomti Aqueduct. The distance
between two spans is 32.5 m.
The total length of Aquaduct is 382m.
The depth of Aqueduct is 38.5m.
Its up & down stream transition is 35 & 55 m respectively.
It contain two types of supports :
a) Roller
b) Rocker support
Discharge of Gomti Aquaduct is 357 cubec/ sec
Its contain SSU bearing 5m at starting & 5m at end of aqueduct.SSU bearing
is used to resist the shakes of earthquake.

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The height of Aqueducts upper & lower part from ground is 15m & 7.5m
respectively.


Fig: (11) Transition curve Fig: (12) Opening of Gomti
Aqueduct


Uses of Aqueduct
The main use of the aqueduct is to transport clean water to a large population of
people, in a city for example, but they are also used to irrigate crops where little or
no water naturally occurs. Still another use of the aqueduct is for transportation
since they can allow large barges to pass over difficult terrain such as valleys and
ravines. There are also side benefits to the use of aqueducts, for example they can
help control flooding.


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Fig: (13) Prestressed reinforced beams

Advantages of aqueduct:
It helps us to get water fast.
It gives us fresh, clean, and refreshing water.
It gives jobs to people.

Disadvantage of aqueduct:
It takes a lot of space.
It is too expensive.






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Gomti Aqueduct model


Fig: (14) Model of Gomti aqueduct

Fig: (15) Prestressed steel

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T- Diagram of Sharda Sahayak Canal System

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