AL - AMEEN ENGINEERINGCOLLEGE

Erode - 638 104

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Fluid Mec!"ic# !"d M!ci"er$
L!%or!&or$ Record
A LIST OF BASIC SAFETY RULES
1. When you handle chemicals wear eye protection (chemical splash goggles or full
face shield).
2. When you work with furnaces for heat treatment procedures or other thermally
activated equipment you should use special gloves to protect your hands.
3. Students should wear durale clothing that covers the arms! legs! torso and feet.
("ote# sandals! shorts! tank tops etc. have no place in the la. Students
inappropriately dressed for la! at the instructors discretion! e denied access)
$. %o protect clothing from chemical damage or other dirt! wear a la apron or la coat.
&ong hair should e tied ack to keep it from coming into contact with la chemicals
or flames.
'. (n case of in)ury (cut! urn! fire etc.) notify the instructor immediately.
*. (n case of a fire or imminently dangerous situation! notify everyone who may e
affected immediately+ e sure the la instructor is also notified.
,. (f chemicals splash into someone-s eyes act quickly and get them into the eye wash
station! do not wait for the instructor.
.. (n case of a serious cut! stop lood flow using direct pressure using a clean towel!
notify the la instructor immediately.
/. 0ating! drinking and smoking are prohiited in the laoratory at all times.
11. "ever work in the laoratory without proper supervision y an instructor.
11. "ever carry out unauthori2ed e3periments. 4ome to the laoratory prepared. (f you
are unsure aout what to do! please ask the instructor.
12. 5lways rememer that 67% metal or ceramic pieces look e3actly the same as 47&8
pieces are careful what you touch.
13. 9now the location and operation of #
:ire 5larm ;o3es
03it 8oors
%elephones
INDEX
S.No DATE NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT MARK SIGNATURE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

!
1"
11
12
Co#$%&'&( ()'&*
A+&,)-& M),.* S')// 0 12 0 34),-&
FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY LAB
1. 8etermination of the coefficient of discharge of given 7rifice meter.
2. 8etermination of the coefficient of discharge of given <enturi meter.
3. 4alculation of the rate of flow using =ota meter.
$. 8etermination of friction factor of given set of pipes.
'. 4onducting e3periments and drawing the characteristics curves of centrifugal pump.
*. 4onducting e3periments and drawing the characteristics curves of reciprocating
pump.
,. 4onducting e3periments and drawing the characteristics curves of >ear pump.
.. 4onducting e3periments and drawing the characteristics curves of ?elton wheel.
/. 4onducting e3periments and drawing the characteristics curves of :rancis turine.
11. 4onducting e3periments and drawing the characteristics curves of 9aplan turine.
5ENTURIMETER6 ORIFICEMETER AND ROTAMETER TEST RIG
1 2
DETERMINATION OF THE CO0EFFICIENT OF
DISCHARGE OF GI5EN ORIFICE METER
AIM*
%o determine the co@efficient discharge through orifice meter
APPARATUS RE7UIRED*
1. 7rifice meter
2. 8ifferential A tue
3. 4ollecting tank
$. Stop watch
'. Scale
FORMULAE*
1. ACTUAL DISCHARGE#
B
act
C 5 3 h D t (m
3
D s)
2. THEORTICAL DISCHARGE#
Where#
B
th
C a
1
3 a
2
3 2 g h D a
2
E a
2
(m
3
D s)
Where#
5 C 5rea of collecting tank in m
2
h C 6eight of collected water in tank C 11 cm
a
1
C 5rea of inlet pipe in! m
2
a
2
C 5rea of the throat in m
2
g C Specify gravity in m D s
2
t C %ime taken for h cm rise of water
6 C 7rifice head in terms of flowing liquid
C (6
1
F 6
2
) (s
m D
s
1 @
1)
61 C Ganometric head in first lim
62 C Ganometric head in second lim
s
m
C Specific gravity of Ganometric liquid
81.&.9 L1:;1( #&,3;,< H- = 13.6
s
1
C Specific gravity of flowing liquid water C 1
S.No
D1)#&'&,
12 ##
M)2o#&',13
,&)(12-
M)2o#&',13
4&)(
H=8H1>H29
? 12.6 ? 1"
02
T1#& ').&2 /o,
4 3# ,1@&
o/
A)'&,
'
S&3
A3';)%
(1@34),-&
03
7 )3' ? 1"
#
3
B @
T4&o,&'13)%
(1@34),-& 7'4
03
? 1"
#
3
B @
Co0&//131&2' o/
(1@34),-& C(
82o ;21'9
H1 3#
o/ H-
H2 3#
o/ H-
M&)2 C( =
3. CO EFFICENT OF DISCHARGE*
4o@ efficient of discharge C B act D B th (no units)
DESCRIPTION*
7rifice meter has two sections. :irst one is of area a
1
! and second one of area a
2!
it
does not have throat like venturimeter ut a small holes on a plate fi3ed along the diameter
of pipe. %he mercury level should not fluctuate ecause it would come out of manometer.
PROCEDURE*
1. %he pipe is selected for doing e3periments
2. %he motor is switched on! as a result water will flow
3. 5ccording to the flow! the mercury level fluctuates in the A@tue manometer
$. %he reading of 6
1
and 6
2
are noted
'. %he time taken for 11 cm rise of water in the collecting tank is noted
*. %he e3periment is repeated for various flow in the same pipe
,. %he co@efficient of discharge is calculated
MODEL CALCULATION*
RESULT*
%he co efficient of discharge through orifice meter is HHH ("o unit)
5ENTURIMETER6 ORIFICEMETER AND ROTAMETER TEST RIG
1 2
DETERMINATION OF THE CO EFFICIENT OF
DISCHARGE OF GI5EN 5ENTURIMETER
AIM*
%o determine the coefficient of discharge for liquid flowing through venturimeter.
APPARATUS RE7UIRED*
1. <enturimeter
2. Stop watch
3. 4ollecting tank
$. 8ifferential A@tue
'. Ganometer
*. Scale
FORMULAE*
1. ACTUAL DISCHARGE*
2.
B
act
C 5 3 h D t
THEORTICAL DISCHARGE*
(m
3
D s)
Where#
B
th
C a
1
3 a
2
3 2 g h D a
2
E a
2
(m
3
D s)
Where#
5 C 5rea of collecting tank in m
2
h C 6eight of collected water in tank C 11 cm
a
1
C 5rea of inlet pipe in m
2
a
2
C 5rea of the throat in m
2
g C Specify gravity in m D s
2
t C %ime taken for h cm rise of water
6 C 7rifice head in terms of flowing liquid
C (6
1
F 6
2
) (s
m
Ds
1 @
1)
61 C Ganometric head in first lim
62 C Ganometric head in second lim
s
m
C Specific gravity of Ganometric liquid
81.&.9 L1:;1( #&,3;,< H- = 13.6
s
1
C Specific gravity of flowing liquid water C 1
S.No
D1)#&'&,
12 ##
M)2o#&',13
,&)(12-
M)2o#&',13
4&)(
H = 8H1>H29
? 12.6 ? 1"
02
T1#& ').&2 /o,
4 3# ,1@&
o/
A)'&,
'
S&3
A3';)%
(1@34),-&
03
7 )3' ? 1"
#
3
B @
T4&o,&'13)%
(1@34),-& 7'4
03
? 1"
#
3
B @
Co0&//131&2' o/
(1@34),-& C(
82o ;21'9
H1 3#
o/ H-
H2 3#
o/ H-
M&)2 C( =
3. CO EFFICENT OF DISCHARGE*
4o@ efficient of discharge C B act D B th (no units)
DESCRIPTION*
<enturimeter has two sections. 7ne divergent area and the other throat area. %he
former is represented as a
1
and the later is a
2
water or any other liquid flows through
the <enturimeter and it passes to the throat area the value of discharge is same at a
1
and a
2
.
PROCEDURE*
1. %he pipe is selected for doing e3periments
2. %he motor is switched on! as a result water will flow
3. 5ccording to the flow! the mercury level fluctuates in the A@tue manometer
$. %he reading of 6
1
and 6
2
are noted
'. %he time taken for 11 cm rise of water in the collecting tank is noted
*. %he e3periment is repeated for various flow in the same pipe
,. %he co@efficient of discharge is calculated
MODEL CALCULATION*
RESULT*
%he co efficient of discharge through <enturimeter is HHH ("o unit)
5ENTURIMETER6 ORIFICEMETER AND ROTAMETER TEST RIG
CALCULATION OF THE RATE OF FLOC USING ROTOMETER
AIM*
%o determine the percentage error in =otometer with the actual flow rate.
APPARATUS RE7UIRED*
1. =otometer setup
2. Geasuring scale
3. Stopwatch.
FORMULAE*
1. ACTUAL DISCHARGE*
B
act
C 5 3 hD t (m
3
D s)
Where#
5 C 5rea of the collecting tank (m
2
)
hC 11 cm rise of water level in the collecting tank (11
@2
m).
t C %ime taken for 11 cm rise of water level in collecting tank.
CON5ERSION*
5ctual flow rate (lit D min)! B
act
C Bact 3 1111 3 *1 lit Dmin
?ercentage error of =otometer C
=otometer reading F 5ctual 3 111 I
=otometer reading
PROCEDURE*
C = F Bact D = 3 111 I
1. Switch on the motor and the delivery valve is opened
2. 5d)ust the delivery valve to control the rate in the pipe
3. Set the flow rate in the =otometer! for e3ample say '1 liters per minute
$. "ote down the time taken for 11 cm rise in collecting tank
'. =epeat the e3periment for different set of =otometer readings
*. %aular column is drawn and readings are noted
,. >raph is drawn y plotting =otometer reading <s percentage error of the
=otometer
S.No
Ro'o#&'&,
R&)(12-
8%$#9
A3';)%
D1@34),-&
7
)3'
8#
3
B@&39
T1#& ').&2 /o, 1"3#
,1@& o/ A)'&,
I2 ')2. 8' @&39
A3';)% (1@34),-&
7
)3'
8%$#9
P&,3&2')-&
E,,o, o/
Ro'o#&'&, 8D9
A+&,)-& =
MODEL CALCULATION*
RESULT*
%he percentage error of the =otometer was found to eHHHH.H. I
FRICTION LOSSES TEST RIG
DETERMINATION OF FRICTION FACTOR OF
GI5EN SET OF PIPES
AIM*
%o find the friction JfK for the given pipe.
APPARATUS RE7UIRED*
1. 5 pipe provided with inlet and outlet and pressure tapping
2. 8ifferential u@tue manometer
3. 4ollecting tank with pie2ometer
$. Stopwatch
'. Scale
FORMULAE*
1. FRICTION FACTOR 8 F 9*
Where!
Where
f C 2 3 g 3 d 3 h
f
D l 3 v
2
(no unit)
g C 5cceleration due to gravity (m D sec
2
)
d C 8iameter of the pipe (m)
l C &ength of the pipe (m)
v C <elocity of liquid following in the pipe (m D s)
h
f
C &oss of head due to friction (m)
C h
1
F h
2
h
1
C Ganometric head in the first lims
h
2
C Ganometric head in the second lims
2. ACTUAL DISCHARGE*
Where
B C 5 3 h D t (m
3
D sec)
5 C 5rea of the collecting tank (m
2
)
h C =ise of water for ' cm (m)
t C %ime taken for ' cm rise (sec)
S.No
D1)#&'&, o/
$1$& ##
M)2o#&'&, ,&)(12-@
T1#& /o,
53#
,1@& o/
A)'&,
' @&3
A3';)% (1@34),-&
03
7
act
? 1"
#
3
B @
5&%o31'<
5
#B@
2
5
2 2
# B @
F,13'1o2
/)3'o,
/ ? 1"
02
4
1
?
1"
02
4
2
?
1"
02
4
f
= 8410429
? 1"
02
M&)2 / =
3. 5ELOCITY*
Where
DESCRIPTION*
< C B D a (m D sec)
B C 5ctual discharge (m
3
D sec)
5 C 5rea of the pipe (m
2
)
When liquid flows through a pipeline it is su)ected to frictional resistance. %he
frictional resistance depends upon the roughness of the pipe. Gore the roughness of the
pipe will e more the frictional resistance. %he loss of head etween selected lengths of the
pipe is oserved.
PROCEDURE*
1. %he diameter of the pipe is measured and the internal dimensions of the
collecting tank and the length of the pipe line is measured
2. 9eeping the outlet valve closed and the inlet valve opened
3. %he outlet valve is slightly opened and the manometer head on the lims h
1
and
h
2
are noted
$. %he aove procedure is repeated y gradually increasing the flow rate and then
the corresponding readings are noted.
MODEL CALCULATION*
RESULT*
1. %he frictional factor Jf J for given pipe C 3 11
@2
(no unit)
2. %he friction factor for given pipe y graphical method C HH 3 11
@2
( no unit )
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP TEST RIG
CONDUCTING EXPERIMENTS AND DRACING THE
CHARACTERISTICS CUR5ES OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
AIM*
%o study the performance characteristics of a centrifugal pump and to determine the
characteristic with ma3imum efficiency.
APPARATUS RE7UIRED*
1. 4entrifugal pump setup
2. Geter scale
3. Stop watch
FORMULAE*
1. ACTUAL DISCHARGE*
B
act
C 5 3 y D t (m
3
D s)
Where#
5 C 5rea of the collecting tank (m
2
)
y C 11 cm rise of water level in the collecting tank
t C %ime taken for 11 cm rise of water level in collecting tank.
2. TOTAL HEAD*
Where#
6 C 6
d
L 6
s
L M
6
d
C 8ischarge head! meter
6
s
C Suction head! meter
M C 8atum head! meter
3. INPUT POCER*
Where#
(D? C (3*11 " 1111) D (0 %) (watts)
" C "umer of revolutions of energy meter disc
0 C 0nergy meter constant (rev D 9w hr)
% C time taken for J"rK revolutions (seconds)
S.No
S;3'1o2
-);-&
H@ #
o/ A)'&,
S;3'1o2
4&)( H@
E# o/ A)'&,
D&%1+&,<
G);-&
R&)(12-
84(9 # o/
A)'&,
D&%1+&,<
H&)(
8H(9 # o/
A)'&,
To')%
H&)(
8H9 # o/
A)'&,
T1#& ').&2
for h
rise
o/ A)'&,
8'9 S
T1#&
').&2 /o,
N,
,&+o%;'1o
2 ' S
A3';)%
D1@34),-&
87)3'9 ?1"
03
3
# E@&3
I2$;'
PoA&,
8P1 9
A)''
O;'$;'
PoA&,
8Po9
A)''
D

A+&,)-& =
4. OUTPUT POCER*
?o C N 3 g 3 B 3 6 D 1111 (watts)
Where!
N C 8ensity of water (kg D mO)
g C 5cceleration due to gravity (m D s
2
)
6 C %otal head of water (m)
5. EFFICIENCY*

o
C (7utput power oDp D input power (Dp) 111 I
Where!
7Dp C 7utput power kW
(D p C (nput power kW
DESCRIPTION*
PRIMING*
%he operation of filling water in the suction pipe casing and a portion delivery pipe
for the removal of air efore starting is called priming.
5fter priming the impeller is rotated y a prime mover. %he rotating vane gives a
centrifugal head to the pump. When the pump attains a constant speed! the delivery valve is
gradually opened. %he water flows in a radially outward direction. %hen! it leaves the vanes
at the outer circumference with a high velocity and pressure. "ow kinetic energy is gradually
converted in to pressure energy. %he high@pressure water is through the delivery pipe to the
required height.
PROCEDURE*
1. ?rime the pump close the delivery valve and switch on the unit
2. 7pen the delivery valve and maintain the required delivery head
3. "ote down the reading and note the corresponding suction head reading
$. 4lose the drain valve and note down the time taken for 11 cm rise of water level
in collecting tank
'. Geasure the area of collecting tank
*. :or different delivery tues! repeat the e3periment
,. :or every set reading note down the time taken for ' revolutions of energy
meter disc.
GRAPHS*
1. 5ctual discharge <s %otal head
2. 5ctual discharge <s 0fficiency
3. 5ctual discharge <s (nput power
$. 5ctual discharge <s 7utput power
MODEL CALCULATION*
RESULT*
%hus the performance characteristics of centrifugal pump was studied and
the ma3imum efficiency was found to e
RECIPROCATING PUMP TEST RIG
CONDUCTING EXPERIMENTS AND DRACING THE
CHARACTERISTICS CUR5ES OF RECIPROCATING PUMP
AIM*
%o study the performance characteristics of a reciprocating pump and to determine
the characteristic with ma3imum efficiency.
APPARATUS RE7UIRED*
1. =eciprocating pump
2. Geter scale
3. Stop watch
FORMULAE*
1. ACTUAL DISCHARGE*
B
act
C 5 3 y D t (m
3
D s)
Where#
5 C 5rea of the collecting tank (m
2
)
y C 11 cm rise of water level in the collecting tank
t C %ime taken for 11 cm rise of water level in collecting tank
2. TOTAL HEAD*
Where#
6 C 6d L 6s L M
6d C 8ischarge head+ 6d C ?d 3 11! m
6s C Suction head+ ?d C ?s 3 1.113*! m
M C 8atum head! m
?d C ?ressure gauge reading! kg D cm
2
?s C Suction pressure gauge reading! mm of 6g
3. INPUT POCER*
?
i
C (3*11 ") D (0 %) (9w)
Where!
" C "umer of revolutions of energy meter disc
0 C 0nergy meter constant (rev D 9w hr)
% C time taken for J"K revolutions (seconds)
S.No
D&%1+&,<
$,&@@;,&
,&)(12-
P(
.- B 3#
2
S;3'1o2
$,&@@;,&
,&)(12-
P@ ##
o/ H-
D&%1+&,<
4&)( H(
=
P(?1"."
S;3'1o2
4&)( H@
= P@ ?
"."136
D)';#
4&)( F
#
To')%
4&)(
H
T1#& ').&2
/o, 1" 3# o/
,1@& o/ A)'&,
12 ')2. ' @&3
A3';)%
(1@34),-&
7
)3'
#GB@
T1#& ').&2
/o, N ,&+ o/
&2&,-<
#&'&, (1@3
' @&3
I2$;'
$oA&,
P1 .A
O;'$;'
$oA&,
Po .A

D
M&)2 =
$. OUTPUT POCER*
?o C N 3 g 3 B 3 6 D 1111 (9w)
Where!
N C 8ensity of water (kg D mO)
g C 5cceleration due to gravity (m D s
2
)
6 C %otal head of water (m)
B C 8ischarge (m
3
D sec)
5. EFFICIENCY*
Where!
PROCEDURE*

o
C (7utput power po D input power pi) 111 I
?o C 7utput power 9W
?i C (nput power 9W
1. 4lose the delivery valve and switch on the unit
2. 7pen the delivery valve and maintain the required delivery head
3. "ote down the reading and note the corresponding suction head reading
$. 4lose the drain valve and note down the time taken for 11 cm rise of water level
in collecting tank
'. Geasure the area of collecting tank
*. :or different delivery tues! repeat the e3periment
,. :or every set reading note down the time taken for ' revolutions of energy
meter disc.
GRAPHS*
1. 5ctual discharge <s %otal head
2. 5ctual discharge <s 0fficiency
3. 5ctual discharge <s (nput power
$. 5ctual discharge <s 7utput power
MODEL CALCULATION*
RESULT*
%he performance characteristic of the reciprocating pump is studied and the
efficiency is calculated HHHHH I
G
E
A
R

P
U
M
P

T
E
S
T

R
I
G
CONDUCTING EXPERIMENTS AND DRACING THE
CHARACTERISTICS CUR5ES OF GEAR OIL PUMP
AIM*
%o draw the characteristics curves of gear oil pump and also to determine efficiency
of given gear oil pump.
APPARATUS RE7UIRED*
1. >ear oil pump setup
2. Geter scale
3. Stop watch
FORMULAE*
1. ACTUAL DISCHARGE*
Where!
Bact C 5 3 y D t (mO D sec)
5 C 5rea of the collecting tank (mP)
y C =ise of oil level in collecting tank (cm)
t C %ime taken for JhK rise of oil in collecting tank (s)
2. TOTAL HEAD*
Where
6 C 6d L 6s L M
6d C 8ischarge head+ 6d C ?d 3 12.'! m
6s C Suction head+ ?d C ?s 3 1.113*! m
M C 8atum head! m
?d C ?ressure gauge reading! kg D cm
2
?s C Suction pressure gauge reading! mm of 6g
3. INPUT POCER*
Where!
?i C (3*11 ") D (0 %) (kw)
"r C "umer of revolutions of energy meter disc
"e C 0nergy meter constant (rev D 9w hr)
te C %ime taken for J"rK revolutions (seconds)
S.No
D&%1+&,<
$,&@@;,&
,&)(12-
P(
.- B 3#
2
S;3'1o2
$,&@@;,&
,&)(12-
P@ ## o/
H-
D&%1+&,<
4&)( H(
=
P(?12.5
#
S;3'1o2
4&)( H@
= P@ ?
"."136
#
D)';#
4&)( F
#
To')%
4&)(
H #
T1#& ').&2 /o,
1" 3# o/ ,1@&
o/ A)'&, 12
')2. ' @&3
A3';)%
(1@34),-&
7
#GB@
T1#& ').&2
/o, N ,&+ o/
&2&,-<
#&'&, (1@3
' @&3
I2$;'
$oA&, P1
.A
O;'$;'
$oA&,
Po .A

D
M&)2 =
)3'
4. OUTPUT POCER*
Where!
5. EFFICIENCY*
?o C W Bact 6 D1111 (watts)
W C Specific weight of oil (" D mO)
B
act
C 5ctual discharge (mO D s)
h C %otal head of oil (m)
I C (7utput power ?o D input power ?i) 111
DESCRIPTION*
%he gear oil pump consists of two identical intermeshing spur wheels working with
a fine clearance inside the casing. %he wheels are so designed that they form a fluid tight
)oint at the point of contact. 7ne of the wheels is keyed to driving shaft and the other
revolves as the driven wheel.
%he pump is first filled with the oil efore it starts. 5s the gear rotates! the oil is
trapped in etween their teeth and is flown to the discharge end round the casing. %he
rotating gears uild@up sufficient pressure to force the oil in to the delivery pipe.
PROCEDURE*
1. %he gear oil pump is stated.
2. %he delivery gauge reading is ad)usted for the required value.
3. %he corresponding suction gauge reading is noted.
$. %he time taken for J"K revolutions in the energy meter is noted with the help of a
stopwatch.
'. %he time taken for JhK rise in oil level is also noted down after closing the gate
valve.
*. With the help of the meter scale the distance etween the suction and delivery
gauge is noted.
,. :or calculating the area of the collecting tank its dimensions are noted down.
.. %he e3periment is repeated for different delivery gauge readings.
/. :inally the readings are taulated.
GRAPH*
1. 5ctual discharge <s %otal head
2. 5ctual discharge <s 0fficiency
3. 5ctual discharge <s (nput power
$. 5ctual discharge <s 7utput power
MODEL CALCULATION*
RESULT*
%hus the performance characteristic of gear oil pump was studied and ma3imum
efficiency was found to e. HHHI.
PELTON CHEEL TURBINE TEST RIG
CONDUCTING EXPERIMENTS AND DRACING THE
CHARACTERISTICS CUR5ES OF PELTON CHEEL TEST RIG
AIM*
%o conduct load test on pelton wheel turine and to study the characteristics of pelton
wheel turine.
APPARATUS RE7UIRED*
FORMULAE*
1. <enturimeter
2. Stopwatch
3. %achometer
$. 8ead weight
1. 5ENTURIMETER READING*
Where!
h C (?1 F ?2) 11 (m of water)
?1! ?2 @ <enturimeter reading in 9g Dcm
2
2. DISCHARGE*
B C 1.11'' h (m
3
D s)
3. BRAKE HORSE POCER*
Where!
;6? C ( 3 8 3 " 3 %) D (*1 ,') (hp)
" C Speed of the turine in (rpm)
8 C 0ffective diameter of rake drum C 1.31' m
% C %orsion in %o L %1 E %2 (9g)
$. INDICATED HORSE POCER*
Where!
(6? C (1111 B 6) D ,' (hp)
6 C %otal head (m)
'. PERCENTAGE EFFICIENCY*
I C (;.6.? D (.6.? 3 111) (I)
S.No
P,&@@;,&
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R&)(12-
HH$I
K-E3#
2
To')%
H&)(
HHI
# o/
A)'&,
5&2';,1#&
'&, ,&)(12-
K-B3#
2
H =
8P10P29
? 1"
# o/
A)'&,
C&1-4'
o/
4)2-&,
To
K-
S$&&(
o/
';,J12&
N
R$#
C&1-4
o/
4)2-&,
HT1I
.-
S$,12-
B)%)23&
T2
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T&2@1o2
HTI
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D1@34),-&
03
7 ?1"
#
3
B@&3
B.H.P
4$
I.H.P
4$

D
P1 P2
M&)2 =
DESCRIPTION*
?elton wheel turine is an impulse turine! which is used to act on high loads and
for generating electricity. 5ll the availale heads are classified in to velocity energy y means
of spear and no22le arrangement. ?osition of the )et strikes the knife@edge of the uckets
with least relative resistances and shocks. While passing along the uckets the velocity of
the water is reduced and hence an impulse force is supplied to the cups which in turn are
moved and hence shaft is rotated.
PROCEDURE*
GRAPHS*
1. %he ?elton wheel turine is started.
2. 5ll the weight in the hanger is removed.
3. %he pressure gauge reading is noted down and it is to e maintained
constant for different loads.
$. %he <enturimeter readings are noted down.
'. %he spring alance reading and speed of the turine are also noted down.
*. 5 '9g load is put on the hanger! similarly all the corresponding readings are
noted down.
,. %he e3periment is repeated for different loads and the readings are
taulated.
%he following graphs are drawn.
1. ;6? <s (6?
2. ;6? <s speed
3. ;6? <s 0fficiency
MODEL CALCULATION*
RESULT*
%hus the performance characteristic of the ?elton Wheel %urine is done and the
ma3imum efficiency of the turine is HHH. I
FRANCIS TURBINE TEST RIG
CONDUCTING EXPERIMENTS AND DRACING THE
CHARACTERISTICS CUR5ES OF FRANCIS TURBINE TEST RIG
AIM*
%o conduct load test on :rancis turine and to study the characteristics of :rancis
turine.
APPARATUS RE7UIRED*
1. Stop watch
2. %achometer
FORMULAE*
1. 5ENTURIMETER READING*
Where
h C (p1 @ p2) 3 11 (m)
?1! ?2@ <enturimeter readings in kg Dcm
2
2. DISCHARGE*
B C 1.111 3 h (m
3
D s)
3. BRAKE HORSEPOCER*
;6? C 3 8 3 " 3 % D *1 3 ,' (hp)
Where
" C Speed of turine in (rpm)
8 C 0ffective diameter of rake drum C 1.31' m
% C torsion in QkgR
$. INDICATED HORSEPOCER*
Where
6? C 1111 3 B 3 6 D ,' (hp)
6 C %otal head in (m)
'. PERCENTAGE EFFICIENCY*
I C ;.6.? 3 111 D (.6.? (I)
S.No
P,&@@;,&
G);-&
R&)(12-
HH$I
2
K-B3#
To')%
H&)(
HHI
# o/
A)'&,
5&2';,1#
&'&,
,&)(12-
K-E3#
2
H = 8P10
P29 ?
1"
# o/ A)'&,
C&1-4' o/
4)2-&, To
K-
S$&&( o/
';,J12& N
R$#
C&1-4 o/
4)2-&,
HT1I
.-
S$,12-
B)%)23&
T2
K-
T&2@1o2
HTI
K-
D1@34),-&
7 ?1"
03
#
3
E@&3
B.H.P
4$
I.H.P
4$
D
H1 H2 P1 P2
M&)2 =
DESCRIPTION*
Godern :rancis turine in an inward mi3ed flow reaction turine it is a medium head
turine. 6ence it required medium quantity of water. %he water under pressure from the
penstock enters the squirrel casing. %he casing completely surrounds the series of fi3ed
vanes. %he guidesK vanes direct the water on to the runner. %he water enters the runner of
the turine in the dial direction at outlet and leaves in the a3ial direction at the inlet of the
runner. %hus it is a mi3ed flow turine.
PROCEDURE*
1. %he :rancis turine is started
2. 5ll the weights in the hanger are removed
3. %he pressure gauge reading is noted down and this is to e
Gaintained constant for different loads
$. ?ressure gauge reading is ascended down
'. %he <enturimeter reading and speed of turine are noted down
*. %he e3periment is repeated for different loads and the readings are taulated.
GRAPHS*
%he following graphs are drawn
1. ;6? (vs.) (6?
2. ;6? (vs.) speed
3. ;6? (vs.) I efficiency
MODEL CALCULATION*
RESULT*%hus the performance characteristic of the :rancis wheel turine is done and
thema3imum efficiency of the turine is HHHH. I
KAPLAN TURBINE TEST RIG
CONDUCTING EXPERIMENTS AND DRACING THE
CHARACTERISTICS CUR5ES OF KAPLAN TURBINE TEST RIG
AIM*
%o study the characteristics of a 9aplan turine
APPARATUS RE7UIRED*
1. <enturimeter
2. Stopwatch
3. %achometer
$. 8ead weight
FORMULAE*
1. 5ENTURIMETER READING*
Where!
h C (?1 F ?2) 11 (m of water)
?1! ?2 @ <enturimeter reading in 9g Dcm
2
2. DISCHARGE*
B C 1.11'' h (m
3
D s)
3. BRAKE HORSE POCER*
Where!
;6? C ( 3 8 3 " 3 %) D (*1 ,') (hp)
" C Speed of the turine in (rpm)
8 C 0ffective diameter of rake drum C 1.31' m
% C %orsion in %o L %1 E %2 (9g)
$. INDICATED HORSE POCER*
Where!
(6? C (1111 B 6) D ,' (hp)
6 C %otal head (m)
'. PERCENTAGE EFFICIENCY*
I C (;.6.? D (.6.? 3 111) (I)
S.No
P,&@@;,&
G);-&
R&)(12-
HH$I
K-E3#
2
To')%
H&)(
HHI
# o/
A)'&,
5&2';,1#&
'&, ,&)(12-
K-B3#
2
H =
8P10P29
? 1"
# o/
A)'&,
C&1-4'
o/
4)2-&,
To
K-
S$&&(
o/
';,J12&
N
R$#
C&1-4
o/
4)2-&,
HT1I
.-
S$,12-
B)%)23&
T2
K-
T&2@1o2
HTI
K-
D1@34),-&
03
7 ?1"
#
3
B@&3
B.H.P
4$
I.H.P
4$

D
P1 P2
M&)2 =
DESCRIPTION*
9aplan turine is an a3ial flow reaction turine used in dams and reservoirs of low
height to convert hydraulic energy into mechanical and electrical energy. %hey are est
suited for low heads say from 11m to ' m. the specific speed ranges from 211 to 1111
%he flow through the pipelines into the turine is measured with the office meter fitted
in the pipeline. 5 mercury manometer is used to measure the pressure difference across the
orifice meter. %he net pressure difference across the turine output torque is measured with
a pressure gauge and vacuum gauge. %he turine output torque is determined with the rope
rake drum. 5 tachometer is used to measure the rpm.
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE*
1. 9eep the runner vane at require opening
2. 9eep the guide vanes at required opening
3. ?rime the pump if necessary
$. 4lose the main sluice valve and they start the pump.
'. 7pen the sluice valve for the required discharge when the pump motor switches
from star to delta mode.
*. &oad the turine y adding weights in the weight hanger. 7pen the rake drum
cooling water gate valve for cooling the rake drum.
,. Geasure the turine rpm with tachometer
.. "ote the pressure gauge and vacuum gauge readings
/. "ote the orifice meter pressure readings.
=epeat the e3periments for other loads
GRAPHS*
%he following graphs are drawn.
1. ;6? <s (6?
2. ;6? <s speed
3. ;6? <s 0fficiency
MODEL CALCULATION*
RESULT*
%hus the performance characteristic of the 9aplan %urine is done and
the
ma3imum efficiency of the turine is HHH. I