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INTERIOR DESIGN



GLASS FURNITURES



Submitted by:

ALMA KERKETTA
Scholar no- 101110115

Guided by Prof. Jagdish Singh



Department of Architecture and Planning
MANIT, BHOPAL





MAULANA AZAD NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,
BHOPAL

FEBRUARY 2014

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CONTENTS Page no.

1. Interior design - A Quality Lifestyle........03
1.1. Aim04
1.2. Objectives...04
1.3. Need.04
1.4. Scope...04
1.5. Limitations.04
1.6. Methodology..05

2. Genesis of glass05
2.1. Glass furniture Inception.06
2.2. Demand of glass furniture..06
2.3. Classification of glass furniture08
2.4. Glass furniture family.12
2.5. Its role in various spaces15

3. Fabrication of glass furniture..16
3.1. Leading manufacturers and their products.
o Types of glass used in fabrication

4. Advantages and Disadvantages of glass furniture.23

5. Conclusion .24
References ..25


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1. INTERIOR DESIGN A QUALITY LIFESTYLE

The future belongs to those who believe
in the beauty of their dreams.
ELEANOR ROOSEVELT



In design, as in all slices of life, the globeand, at the
same time, the individual is the place to be. Its
where things are and where theyll stay for the
foreseeable future.


The aim of Interior Design is to enhance the function
and quality of interior spaces for the purpose of
improving the quality of life, increasing productivity,
and protecting health.









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1.1. Aim
To reconnoiter the role of glass furniture and its application
in interior design.

1.2. Objectives
To reconnoiter the genesis of glass.
To explore each element of glass furniture family.
To understand the fabrication of glass.
To understand the glass furniture demand.

1.3. Need
Often interior design is focused on seeking emptiness. When we clean up
the house we seek it to be empty, of impurities, of what is unnecessary and
of what is superfluous. Glass is an element that helps us to achieve this goal
of creating an empty space. Its transparency lets light through, giving us
the feeling that a space it is empty and spacious, transforming what could
be a dark and gloomy interior. Its the optimal solution for room that
receive too little light.

It is a well-known fact and an accepted society norm today, that the
way you dress, your lifestyle choices and the home and environment you
live in, reflects your social standing. It is therefore not unusual that the
concept of 'luxury living', an ever evolving concept is definitely here to stay.
At the end of the day, everyone strives to achieve the perfect home and
lifestyle that not only becomes your comfort zone and an extension of your
personality, but also a special space.

Such a role is played by GLASS FURNTIURE glass adds a
contemporary look at any piece, catching the eye and adding a unique,
stylish note to any space and is easy to maintain and is as sturdy as the
same piece in wood.

1.4. Scope
This paper covers the journey of glass a furniture module from its
evolution to its fabrication, including varieties in design.

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1.5. Limitations
The documentation is based on literature study from internet and
magazines. Construction details are not focused in this study.

1.6. Methodology

Selection of topic
Deliberation of topic
Case studies
Analysis and categorization
conclusion


2. GENESIS OF GLASS

Natural Glass probably exists since the beginnings of time, formed as a
result of high temperature when certain types of rocks melt. Volcanic
eruptions, lightning strikes and even the impact of meteorites can trigger
this effect. Even on the moon a natural form of glass can be found. One of
the samples of moon rock, brought to earth by the crew of the
Apollo-14, contains glass Where and when glass production began is
uncertain. It is thought by some that the first glass was probably developed
in the Mitannian or Hurrian region of Mesopotamia, possibly as an
extension of the production of glazes (*5000 BCE).

Glass as an independent material is not thought to predate 3000 BC,
with the first glass objects including beads, plaques, inlays and eventually
small vessels [1, 57]. Glass objects dated back to 2500 BC have been found in
Syria, and by 2450 BC.
Glass objects have been found dating back to ancient Egypt 3000 BC
but nobody knows exactly when glass was first made. Glassblowing was
invented in about 100 BC in Syria and windows were first used about
100 AD. A glass industry flourished under the Roman Empire. Glass has been a
valuable resource for people throughout the centuries. Modern glass-making
has developed the art and technology of glass-making and it can now be made
extremely strong and in a variety of types such as plate glass, fibre glass,

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toughened glass and stained glass. The history of glass production dates back
to about 5000 BC.
Glass beads discovered in ancient Egypt and early Roman sites bear witness to
a long tradition of drawing and moulding techniques used in glass production.
For centuries, however, individual craftsmanship dominated manufacturing
processes that ranged from using blowpipes and cylinder blow moulding
techniques to the crown glass method. These manual production methods
resulted in small quantities and small window panes which were almost
exclusively used in stained glass windows in churches. Demand for glass
during the seventeenth century rose because in addition to master church
builders using glass in church windows, builders of castles and stately
townhouses were now discovering how to use glass to enclose spaces as well.

2.1. GLASS FURNITURE - INCEPTION
History of Glass Furniture Glass is made from common sand, melted and
shaped, and was thought to have been discovered after lightening struck sand.
In the third millennium BC, the Egyptians used glass to make jewellery and
over time glass items became highly sought after. The art of glass working
gradually spread to Europe and beyond and new techniques were introduced.
It is now used to create all manner of household items both functional and
decorative including glass windows, lighting, jewellery and, of course,
furniture.
By the end of the 1600s the French invented plate glass which meant
glass could be used for items such as tables and windows. However, it was still
a luxury item, which only the rich could afford. Tempered glass, also known as
toughened or safety glass, was introduced in the late 19th century, so the glass
would crumble into pieces when it broke instead of large dangerous, jagged
pieces. By 1950 Pilkington introduced float glass, which meant that a flat sheet
of glass could be produced without the use of polishing and grinding
techniques. Glass furniture became fashionable in the 1970s and has since
undergone a revival combining new techniques and materials.

2.2. DEMAND OF GLASS FURNITURES

A great deal of modern furniture involves glass in its construction, from glass-
topped coffee tables to glass shelves on bookcases. Glass adds a contemporary
look to any piece, catching the eye and adding a unique, stylish note to any
room. However, many people think that glass furniture is difficult to clean and

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maintain and far too fragile to last. Luckily, these assumptions are wrong. A
piece of modern furniture with glass construction is as simple to maintain and
as sturdy as the same piece in wood. Most glass furniture is made with thick
tempered glass, ensuring its stability. Tempered or toughened glass is
produced through a unique high-heat process that creates durability that
normal glass doesnt have. This process ensures that you can use your glass-
topped dining table without fear of it breaking in just a few months. Add to
this the thickness of most glass used in furniture and you have a truly durable
material. Simply check the specifications to make sure that its tempered glass
and that it is thick and youll have no problems with durability and long-term
use. In addition, even if something does go wrong, tempered glass remains
safe it shatters into small fragments that arent sharp at all, and tends to
cling together even when broken. This makes tempered glass safe even in
environments with children, because even if something does break theres no
danger of it doing major harm to anyone. Many people still worry about
cleaning, which is a mostly unfounded worry.
While its true that glass surfaces pick up dust a little more easily, they
wipe clean just as quickly, making them a breeze to care for. Just a quick wipe
with a moistened cloth will clear away dust and smears, and unlike wood
furniture, glass furniture never needs re-polishing. Whats more, if you want
to spend even less effort on your glass furniture, simply choose something
with a darker tint to the glass. Many tempered glass tables come frosted or
tinted, and gray and black tints tend to not show dust nearly as easily. Cleanup
becomes a much more reasonable proposition with tinted glass. As you can
see, glass furniture is sure to add a modern touch to your home or apartment
without creating extra risks or extra cleanup. A few pieces of elegant glass-
topped or glass-fronted furniture can give your homea contemporary, modern
look and none of your guests need to know the secret of how easy it all really
is!
Wooden furniture was trend and fashion few years back. Nowadays,
people prefer furniture made of glass. Not only in office, people also go for
glass furniture and interiors even at home. This glass furniture and interiors
gives a more sophisticated look and keeps our mind very refreshing and lively.

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In olden days, glasses were not used at home for the fear of breakage. But
advancements in glass industries and contemporary design trends have
brought into focus so many styles of glass furniture/interiors to suit the
theme of the house or office.

2.3. CLASSIFICATION OF GLASS FURNITURE
Black glass furniture Black glass was invented around 1960s. The glass is
addressed as black glass because it appears without lighting. However, it is
generally in darker shades of amber or green. Black glass is a strong material
due to its main ingredient which is iron oxide. Black glass furniture is known
to blend with all types of dcor as it is functional and also appears
professional. It is popularly used for manufacturing glass tv stands.


Antique glass furniture when glass was invented thousand years ago, it
was tinted in different shades and used for decoration. It basically resembled
stained glass. Today, manufacturers are trying to mimic the ancient designs

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and are producing antique glass furniture. Antique glass furniture is
characterized by intricate designs and unique sculpting and is closely linked
to stained glass. Some popular options of antique glass furniture are exterior
facings and table tops.


Frosted glass furniture Frosted glass furniture is made out of frosted glass,
which is nothing but translucent glass. The cloudy surface of the glass makes
the furniture manufactured beautiful and elegant. Some popular frosted glass
furniture options are room partitions, windows, doors, table tops, and lamps.


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Fiberglass furniture Fiber glass furniture is the latest type of glass
furniture and is rapidly gaining popularity all across the globe. Fiber glass
consists of tiny but solid rods of glass fibers packed together. Fiber glass is
sturdy and also resistant to breakage. Therefore, it is widely being used to
manufacture varied types of furniture. Staring from chairs to table tops,
different types of furnitures are now being made from fiber glass.

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Colored structural glass - It is a heavy plate glass, available in many colors. It
is used in buildings as an exterior facing, and for interior walls, partitions, and
tabletops. Opal glass has small particles in the body of the glass that disperse
the light passing through it, making the glass appear milky. The ingredients
necessary to produce opal glass include fluorides (chemical compounds
containing fluorine). This glass is widely used in lighting fixtures and for
tableware.
Foam glass - when it is cut, looks like a black honeycomb. It is filled with
many tiny cells of gas. Each cell is surrounded and sealed off from the others
by thin walls of glass. Foam glass is so light that it floats on water. It is widely
used as a heat insulator in buildings, on steam pipes, and on chemical
equipment. Foam glass can be cut into various shapes with a saw.

Decorative Glass - This glass can bring complete new look to the interior
design as it can complement or contrast beautifully with other construction
material. Decorative glass helps achieve the desired look with an interior, by
offering a range of colors, textures and designs to choose from.

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Privacy Glass - Privacy glass is a translucent glass, which avoids visibility and
protects privacy. This type of glass can be used in shower rooms, conference
rooms and where privacy is important. It is manufactured in such a way that it
filters light in varying degrees, and hence obstructs visibility.
Mirror Glass - This glass is now very famous in big buildings. Mirror glass is
very essential to provide good interiors. Mirror glass is eco-friendly.
Colored Glass - Colored glass is opaque in appearance. This can be used in
kitchens, bathrooms, as cladding for walls and doors, and also on furniture
like wardrobe and cupboard doors.

2.4. GLASS FURNITURE FAMILY
It includes all types of furniture which are made of glass.
Tables
Lamps
Show pieces
Shelves
Chandeliers
Mirrors
Sculptures
Glass etching

Glass Tables - Glass tables can be manufactured to be placed on top of a base
or pedestals or as a protective layer to prevent damage to softer materials
such as timber. Unlike other materials glass can be easily cleaned when wiped
down with a standard glass cleaner and a cloth. It is a great alternative for
children as it is a durable surface which is not damaged by day to day use and
can be made as safety glass as well. Glass can also be incorporated into a
stainless steel furniture frames to provide a modern alternative to timber
furniture.

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Mirrors in furniture - Mirrored furniture was first tracked to the 12th
century, but not as a person may think of it today. Mirror glass is used in many
applications throughout homes and businesses in areas such as cabinets and
display units to add a feeling of depth and space. The addition of mirror in
these applications enhances furniture to create an atmosphere of style and
class to any room. Mirrors can be used as a backing inside a display, fixed to
the face of doors or even installed directly onto a wall to add to aesthetics of
any property.
Venetian furniture is the most common mirrored furniture. Venice was
the first to really try different styles of mirrors in furniture settings, but it did
not stay that way. During the next few centuries people left Venice to take
their ideas to other countries such as France and England. Versailles is one of
the most elaborate settings for mirrors, mirrored furniture, and Venetian
decor. Mirrored furniture, once mirrors took on their metal backing, was
encased in several different settings.



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Glass Shelves - Glass shelves are widely used in display areas to create a
more spacious appearance and prevent a cluttered look. They are available in
a wide range of sizes and thickness depending on the requirements of each
situation.
As with many of Valiant products our glass shelves can be manufactured
in safety glass to offer a completely safe product whilst providing a smooth
and elegant product to enhance your home or office.

Chandeliers and lighting are still very much part of where glass has a major
role in interiors and could be a subject in itself. There are numerous versions,
often mass-produced by machine and people in low cost labour markets. It is
also possible and normally 'affordably expensive' for an interior designer to
work with glass creators to produce their own, often very modern designs
incorporating the latest lighting technology. In recent times there have been
many fine examples where great glass shapes and colours, secured to rods or
wire, with LED's incorporated within or between the pieces, have become to
centre of attention in hotel, ballroom or corporate and residential buildings.
This individuality is still used in cruise liners and large boats too. Glass
chandeliers really can be affordable, unique, modern and stylish.

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2.5. ROLE OF GLASS FURNITURE IN VARIOUS SPACES
Glass Furniture for the Living room
A contemporary glass coffee table with bold, confident lines gives a neat,
clean look to the living room. It is a great alternative to the traditional
wooden rectangular coffee table and attracts the light, opening up the
space in the sitting area. Team it with stripped wooden flooring, neutral
coloured sofas (in white or cream) and soft furnishing in bright colours
such as reds, yellows or oranges.
A contemporary glass coffee table is a work of art in its own right and
uses the finest polished and toughened glass. Italian designed, this glass
coffee table makes an elegant centre piece.
Glass Furniture for the Hallway
Glass furniture creates the illusion of space and brightens up dark
corners an especially useful quality in dark or narrow hallways. 4
Living sell a beautiful range of Italian glass console tables in smooth,
linear designs. They make a great base for displaying a beautiful vase of
flowers, as well as storing everyday items such as keys and post.
Glass Furniture for the Bedroom
For the bedroom our glass bedside tables are ideal for smaller rooms as
it makes the room appear larger. Our glass side tables have a simple,
minimalist design which can be teamed with any decor. A glass dressing
table is also great look for a modern home and draws the light into this
space. Team it with a comfortable but stylish and contemporary chair to
add impact to this room. Our glass work desk could also be used as a
dressing table or contemporary TV table.
Glass Furniture for the Home Office
In modern homes all sorts of spaces can be converted for use into a
home office, such as space in a hallway, on a landing, under the stairs, in
the living room or conservatory. A glass desk prevents this space
looking overcrowded or cluttered and can serve to limit distractions
and improve concentration. It is also more lightweight than many
traditional wooden designs so it is easy to manoeuvre. Our glass work
desk, Easy, has an elegant contemporary design which will enhance any
space.

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3. FABRICATION OF GLASS FURNITURE

3.1. LEADING MANUFACTURERS AND THEIR PRODUCTS

Esquire Glass is one of the leading, independent glass processors
in the UK. From its state-of-the-art production facilities in
Derbyshire, the company offers a variety of techniques, designs
and finishes to meet the growing demand for decorative glass
products
Modern Glass Furniture Glass in hyderabad, glass fixing, designer
glass, Stain Glass

Air Brushing
It is a combination of work like Acid work, etching work with colour work on
glass design, it is kind of work in which colour are more involved, we can use
multi colour on a single glass design according to the customers requirement
It can be used in ceiling glass, windows, doors, wardrobe, partition glass etc.

Bend Glass
Just close your eyes & imagine a shape we are with you for implementation on
glass, According to our customer requirement we are providing class in glass
with unique shape & figures with different types of designs on glass.

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Crystal Glass Work
It is another type of Acid work, it gives you a bright & beautiful look for your
partition glass, Door glass, wardrobe glass etc.
Decorative Mirror

We offer a wide range of decorative mirrors for your bathrooms & dressing
section we produce etching mirrors, Air brushing mirrors , stain glass mirrors
, antic pattern mirrors etc.

Etching Glass
It is a very beautiful & elegant art work of glass, It is produced by Acid &
Etching work with deep engraving work on glass, that can be used in
partition glass, Glass designer doors etc.


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Glass Furniture
In the world of glass we offer you a another new creation of Modern glass,
Glass furniture .Its used in centre tables, wardrobe, computer tables, CD case
tables etc. In this range we fulfil all your requirements of furniture
Klin Furnase Work
We offer you a hot furnace glass including bent glass, moulding glass etc. we
also provide different work on it. It is mostly used in lord picture glass like
lord Ganesha etc.

Stacked Glass
Now dont bother about a new look of your partition wall or a new concepts of
water fall etc., for this we provide you a new concept of glass Stack glass, small
glass strips is stick one upon other & create a wall of stack glass. It is also used
in doors cut. The edge of glass is finished of chipping, edge polish , c polish etc.
as per customer requirements.



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Stain Glass
Stain glass can refer to the material of colour glass or the craft of the working
with it, The colour glass is crafted in to stain glass windows in witch small
pieces are arranged to form pattern or picture. It has been applied almost
exclusively to the windows, doors, Dome etc.


GLASS DOMAIN
ABOUT GLASSDOMAIN.LTD
Glass domain specializes in contemporary glass furniture of the highest
quality. From glass coffee tables to glass desks, from glass dining tables to
glass console tables, whatever your requirements are Glass domain are here
to help!
Glass domain only sell original designs made from the highest quality
material. Glass domain offer two specific types of glass furniture. UV bonded
glass furniture - made right here in the UK and manufactured to your exact
size requirements. Alternatively they also have a large range of contemporary
curved glass furniture from the worlds most renowned names in glass design.
addition to glass furniture Glass domain also produce a stunning range of
digitally printed glass splash backs from their ICON-Glass collection. An ever
growing group of retailers are now enjoying the great success of ICON-Glass.
ICON can be used as a fully customized kitchen splash back or even a unique
heated glass radiator the possibilities are endless.

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From Glass Dining Tables to Designer Mirrors, Glass Coffee
Tables to Sideboards, we believe that we have everything you
could need to complete a stunning interior. Our designers and
buyers have worked hard to bring you a range of Glass Furniture
produced either in Italy or here in the UK from top brands such
as Fiam, Sovet, Glas Italia and ourselves Glassdomain. You can
view items by world renowned designers such as Philippe Starck,
Nendo and Jasper Morrison to name a few...


High quality, contemporary glass coffee tables from brands such as Sovet,
Fiam, Glas Italia & Glassdomain. A large range of Glass coffee tables; we are
confident we have the perfect glass coffee table design for you.

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We sell glass dining tables from brands such as Sovet, Fiam, Glas Italia,
Tonon & Glassdomain. Our Glass dining tables are available in a large range
of sizes, shapes & finishes including extending versions.
From a glass desk made from a single sheet of glass to fully integrated work
stations, our range glass desks will add a level of sophistication to any work
environment.

Our range of Glass console tables offer a unique and elegant solution to additional
storage requirements and will look great in any environment.
We sell a large number of glass side tables which offer great additional storage and
can be used either next to a sofa or as a bed side glass table.
Our range of glass storage units provide the perfect combine of good design
functionality. With a choice of colours and styles there is something for every space.

Our range of Glass Furniture - Audio Visual units, offer a unique and elegant
solution to additional storage requirement and will look great in any
environment.

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Our range of Glass meeting tables offer a unique and elegant solution to the
workplace.
We are pleased to present our range of luxury and contemporary designer
mirrors from the worlds finest designers. We have a broad range of mirror
designs which offer a solution for everyone.

FURNITURE AND CONSTRUCTION
High-quality bending and toughening together with polishing and water
jetting capabilities means we are ideally suited to supplying the furniture
and construction industry with their specialist glass requirements Specialist
machinery enables us to produce very high quality polished columns and
glass structures, which are produced in a variety of designs, sizes and
colours.


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4. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF GLASS
FURNITURES
. The main advantages of using Glass furniture or interiors are:
Glass furniture/interiors is easier to maintain. In wooden furniture, we
may encounter some difficulty when it comes in contact with termites.
But glass furniture does not have that difficulty.
The newness of the glass interiors remains intact even after many years.
But, wooden furniture gives a dull look after few years of usage.
Glass interiors are extremely durable and needs no extra maintenance
effort. Another important advantage of using glass interiors is its
transparency. Because of its transparency, the glass interiors make a
room look more spacious.
Glass furniture has low insulation quality.
Glasses can be recycled. It can be reused for the production of new and
different products.
Glass is fireproof and waterproof. This makes it a perfect material in
combination with wood and other metals.
Glass can reflect and refract natural light. This nature of glass helps
create an illusion of more space in a smaller area.
Glass gives rich and expensive look to the home.

Disadvantages
Heavier than plastic
Not as robust as plastic
A procedure to make broken glass safer sometimes causes glass
products, including glass-topped furniture, to break without warning.
All glass furniture will likely soon be required to be made of tempered
glass. However, the procedure that makes tempered glass safer can also
make it suddenly shatter.



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CONCLUSION

Glass enables feature pieces to be designed and produced
that portray style and individuality; It can complement and
enhance themes, statements and ideals. Glass has the ability
to attract, reflect and inspire - it can be tactile or intriguingly
distant. It can be delicate and fragile through to shatterproof
and even explosion proof.



Glass plays an integral part in
Interior Design as it makes a powerful
style statement, gives a light and airy
look to a space.


















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REFRENCES
Links :
http://www.co-star.net/
http://freshome.com/2007/07/12/7-most-important-interior-design-principles/
http://articles.latimes.com/keyword/interior-design
http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/keyword/interior-design
http://www.tonellidesign.com/
http://blog.avetexfurniture.com/2012/12/01/modern-glass-why-glass-furniture-
is-stylish-and-easy/
http://www.houzz.com/glass-furniture
www.stourbridge-glass.com
http://www.homedit.com/types-of-glass-furniture-you-can-introduce/
http://blog.avetexfurniture.com/2012/12/01/modern-glass-why-glass-furniture-is-
stylish-and-easy/
http://www.modernglass.in/products.html/
Magazines :
Interiors
Inside outside
Architecture + design

Research papers :
S. C. Rasmussen, How Glass Changed the World, SpringerBriefs in History of Chemistry, DOI:
10.1007/978-3-642-28183-9_2,
_ The Author(s) 2012










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