Work Safety

A. Using Devices and Chemicals Safety

 When we work in the laboratory, we must be careful in using
devices and chemicals materials.
 The steps to maintain a microscope are as follows.
a. To move a microscope, the microscope arm must be held
with the right hand and the left hand is put under the
microscope.
b. To clean microscope lenses, use lens tissue.
c. Do not use a finger to clean dirt or dust from lens surface.
d. To polish the surface of objective lens, do not use
arbitrary liquid.
e. A microscope must always be kept in clean condition.
f. The opening of objective lens should be kept closed so
dust and or other dirt cannot enter the microscope.
g. After use, the microscope should be stored in special
cupboard for kee-ping microscopes or covered with a
plastic cover.

A. Materials Which Are Dangerous and Cause Diseases

1. Kinds of Dangerous Materials That Can Cause Diseases
 The possibility to use dangerous chemicals in the
laboratory is quite high because there are many kinds of
chemicals used even though the use is relatively smaller
compared to industry.
 Chemicals can be categorized as follows.
a. Poisonous Chemicals
b. Corrosive Chemicals
c. Flammable Chemicals
d. Explosive Chemicals
e. Oxidizer Chemicals
f. Water-reactive Chemicals
g. Acid-reactive Chemicals
 h. Radioactive Chemicals
1. Treating Dangerous Materials Carefully
 The good conditions for storage of dangerous chemicals are
as follows.
a. Poisonous Materials
1) Store in cold chamber with ventilation.
2) Keep away from fire hazard.
3) Separate from materials which possibly react.
4) Prepare self protector device, such as laboratory
coat, masker, and gloves.
a. Corrosive Materials
1) Store in cold chamber with ventilation.
2) Keep in closed container.
3) Separate from poisonous substances.
a. Flammable Materials
1) Store in cold chamber with ventilation.
2) Keep away from heat source (fire), especially electric
spark and ci-garette.
3) Prepare fire extinguishing device.
a. Explosive Materials
1) Store in cold chamber with ventilation.
2) Keep away from fire source.
3) Avoid friction and mechanical collision.
a. Oxidizing Materials
1) Store in cold chamber with ventilation.
2) Keep away from the source of fire and heat.
3) Keep away from flammable materials and reducer.
a. Water-reactive Materials
1) Store in cold, water-proof chamber with ventilation.
2) Keep away from fire source.
3) Prepare non-water fire extinguisher, such as CO2, dry
powder, and halogen.
 a. Acid-reactive Materials
1) Store in cold chamber with ventilation.
2) Keep away from the source of fire, heat, and acid.
3) Chamber should be designed not to allow the
formation of hydro-gen bags.
4) Prepare self protector device such as laboratory coat,
gloves, and glasses.

A. Identifying Symbols In The Laboratory

 On the package of chemicals, usually there are symbols
which show the danger level, such as the following.
a. Corrosive, can cause burn.
Examples : alumunium chloride, chloride
acid, dense acetate acid, nitrate acid,
sulphate acid, sulphate acie, bromin, and
calcium oxide.
Loot at the figure!
b. Flammable
Examples are aluminium, acetone, ether,
gasoline, e-thanol, phenolphtalin, and
methanol.
Look at the figure!
c. Contact to flammable material can cause
fire.
Examples are ammonium sulphate,
potassium iodate, magnesium, and silver
nitrate. Look at the figure!
d. Damaging skin (irritation)
Examples are ammonium chloride, oxalate
acid, barium chloride, iron (III) chloride, and
natrium nitrate. Look at the figure!
e. Poisonous
 Examples are aniline sulphate, formaldehyde, mercury,
and methanol. Look at the figure!

f. Explosive
Examples are ammonium nitrate and
nitrocellulose.
Look at the figure!
g. Dangerous for the environment
An example is radioactive chemical.
Study the figure!