The Hashemite University

Faculty of Engineering
Civil engineering
Department
Name :
Ahmad Jameel
Awwad
! D : "#$%&'
Exp. No!
(%)*
Exp. Name:
( T+A,A- TE.T *
Deu Date:
%$/"/$))0
Dr! : 123456 789:
Eng!:1;<=56 >9?@
TRIAXIAL TEST
Objective : 0
To introduce the reader to the basic procedure for
determine the undrained" soil shear strength parameter & c
& the "elastic " parameter of stress-strain modulus Es &
Poisson ratio of soil. The method for both cohesion less &
cohesive soil are given
Equipment : 0
Compression machine.
Triaxial cell.
pecimen mold! rubber membrane! membrane
stretcher! rubber binding strips & prose stone.
"acuum pump & air pressure source #ith necessar$
pressure indicate.
Calipers.
pecimen trimmer for cohesive tube samples.
Genera !i"cu""ion : 0
%ne of the primar$ purposes of this test is to determine
the shear strength parameter of the soil. These parameter are
defined b$ Coulombs shear strength e&uation .
' c ( n tan

)here :
' shear strength * +pa,
C ' soil cohesion or antiparticles adhesion *+pa, .
n ' intergranular pressure * +pa,.
' angle of internal friction.
The cohesion term is self explanator$ as being similar to
glue stic+ing particles together. The n tan term is usual
description of friction bet#een t#o particles! used in ph$sics
as -! #here 'tan & - ' n ! the normal stress bet#een
the t#o particles.
.f #e appl$ a normal pressure n on a volume of sat. oil the
pressure is carried.
To remove the increase in pore pressure #e obtain :
' C / ( *n ( 0 u, tan

#roce$ure : 0
1. 2asten the base plant to the base of the cell. 3ttach a rubber
membrane of the proper diameter to the base plant! using
rubber strips or bands.
4. )eigh a container of dr$ sand so that the sample densit$ can
be obtained and approximatel$ duplicated for succeeding tests.
5. Place a specimen mold around the rubber membrane and fold
the top portion of the membrane do#n over the mold. 6o not
fold ! ho#ever! if the mold is so large that the membrane #ill
be torn in the process.
7. Carefull$ place the sand in the membrane ! using a tamper to
maintain the sample shape and densit$ . )hen producing a
sample of re&uired densit$ it ma$ be desirable to divide the
height into e&ual increments ! compute the &uantit$ of *#et,
soil for each height! and place that portion in each sample
segment.
8. Place a porous stone *damp for #et soil , and then the top platen
on the sample. .t ma$ also be necessar$ to coat the outer rim of
the plant #ith silicone grease to obtain a more lea+ proof seal.
9. .f it is desired to saturate the sample! open the appropriate
valves of lines 3 and : and observe the sample until it is
saturated. 3 slight vacuum on the sample can be used to speed
up the saturation process.
;. Chec+ that the compression machine is set to the desired
strain rate *generall$ bet#een <.8 and 1.48 mm=mm, as
specified b$ $our instructor.
>. Turn on the compression machine! and ta+e simultaneous load
and deformation readings using 6ata heet 18b from $our data
sheet section. ?eadings ma$ be ta+en at until either
a. @oad pea+s and then falls off! or
b. 6eformation is some#hat greater than 18 percent
strain! or
c. @oad holds constant for three or four successive
readings.
Sampe %acuation:
6eformation' <.<A7mm
@oad P' 1<.44A -
train B ' C@=@' .<A7=;9'.<<147
3/' 3= *1 - B, ' 1158.7 mmD
6eviator tress! CEf' P=3/' .<<A<<7 FPa.
?esults:
E12 ' 1<<.559;FPa
E52 ' 1<< FPa
CE12 ' <.559; FPa
Et ' FPa
u ' FPa
Dis.
(Kpa)
Force % Acr (mm^2)
0
0
0 0 0 0 1334
0.094
100.452
10.229 0.0012368 0.123684 0.00900913 1135.404316
0.241
100.452
181.135 0.003111 0.31105 0.15922453 113.60413
0.393
100.452
245.04 0.005111 0.51105 0.2155498 1139.894454
0.54
100.452
281.931 0.001053 0.10526 0.24684992 1142.115028
0.69
100.452
303.241 0.009089 0.90895 0.2649805 1144.389855
1.065
100.452
339.468 0.0140132 1.401316 0.2951596 1150.11668
1.445
100.452
360.8 0.0190132 1.901316 0.3120942 1155.98808
1.82
100.452
33.564 0.023944 2.3943 0.3215324 1161.822594
2.198
100.452
384.219 0.0289211 2.892105 0.3290185 116.3231
2.53
100.452
390.612 0.0338553 3.385526 0.3329341 113.3181
2.948
100.452
396.366 0.038895 3.8894 0.3359105 119.62361
3.32
100.345
399.136 0.04363 4.3632 0.3365635 1185.914989
3.05
100.452
399.136 0.0485 4.85 0.33481316 1192.11563
4.084
100.345
398.01 0.053368 5.33684 0.33216924 1198.398131
4.46
100.185
394.84 0.0586842 5.868421 0.3288 1204.69663
4.83
100.452
388.481 0.063644 6.36444 0.320269 1211.0891
5.21
100.452
369.302 0.068644 6.86444 0.30330808 121.580492
5.595
100.452
313.896 0.036184 .361842 0.25642634 1224.11605
5.94
100.452
256.359 0.086053 .860526 0.20829615 1230.4286
6.352
100.452
21.362 0.083589 8.35895 0.15650 123.42246
!ata an$ cacuation:
&i'ure":
( !i"cu""ion ) %oncu"ion :

G 6iscussion %f ?esult : <

%ne of the primar$ purposes of this test is to
determine the shear strength parameter of the soil.
The Fohr circle dro#n increase because the spacemen #as
saturated
G%ne of the most important stiffness properties of soil is
hear strength of soil! that can be determine b$ Triaxial Test
b$ appl$ing compression force CE1 on the sample that confined
b$ #ater to develop lateral stresses E5. The test done #ith
undrained condition that mean E5 ' pressure of #ater that
surrounded the specimen.
-ormal stresses #hen the specimen #as failure E12 ' FPa
)hen adopt CE1 that cause failure of the specimen! Fohr/s
circle dra#n to determine hear strength of the tested soil!
#here u ' HPa
Fodulus of elasticit$ of soil is the slope of *E1- E5, "s. strain
graph! that #as Et ' FPa
The length of sample should t#ice the diameter *@'I 46,! to
avoid potential failure Jones overlap.
The device done the test can do different tests as KK!C6!CK!
and permeabilit$.
Re*erence : 0
3TF 6 4>8<
3TF 6 7;9;