traumatic brain injurytbi causesclassification symptoms

acquired brain injury rehabilitation

Causes of Traumatic Injury To The Brain

Injury to the brain could be caused on account of many reasons such as:

Falls- Falling up out of bed, falling around the stairs, slipping from the bathroom. These are
generally the normal reasons behind TBI especially in older adults and young children.



Vehicle collisions- Vehicle related accidents like cars, motorcycles and pedestrians linked to these
accidents can cause brain injuries.

Violence- 10% in the traumatic brain injuries are caused because of violence such as child abuse,
gunshot wounds and domestic violence.

Sports injuries- TBI could possibly be brought on by injuries from sports such as boxing, football,
skating and other high impact sports.



TBI Classification

TBI is classed according to the primary and secondary injuries and focal and diffuse injuries.

Primary and Secondary injuries

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Primary injury is induced by mechanical force plus it occurs during the time of injury. This injury
is caused on account of contact and acceleration and deceleration or a mix of both.

Secondary injury is not induced mechanically, it happens after the effect and yes it causes
superimpose brain injury which can be already affected due to mechanical injury.

Focal and Diffuse Injuries

Focal injury includes skull fracture, scalp injury and surface contusions, which are caused by
contact.

Diffuse injuries hypoxic-ischemic damage, vascular injury, meningitis etc that are generated by
acceleration and deceleration forces or a variety of both.

Signs and symptoms of Traumatic Injury To The Brain

Symptoms of Traumatic Injury To The Brain is dependent upon the more persistant injury caused
for the brain.

The signs of mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Lack of consciouness for a short time or minutes.

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Confusion or disorientation without the losing of consciouness

Loss of memory and problems with concentration

Nausea or vomiting

Dizziness

Blurring of vision, tinnitus

Light and sound senstivity

Fatigue, drowsiness, swift changes in moods

Insomnia

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The signs of moderate and severe Traumatic Injury To The Brain

Lack of consciouness for a few minutes to hours

Severe confusion

Slurring of speech

Weakness and numbing sensation from the fingers and toes

Vomiting and nausea

Convulsions

Severe headache

Pupillary dialation

Leaking of cerebrospinal fluid from nose and ears

Tests and Diagnosing TBI

Traumatic Injury To The Brain or TBI is surely an emergency, so doctors need to appraise the
situation rapidly. Doctors diagnose it depending on the GCS or even the Glasgow Coma Scale
intitially and later on with all the imaging tests like the CT and MRI scans and also the Intracranial
Pressure Monitor.

Glasgow Coma Scale- This 15 point test helps doctors appraise the initial severity of the mind
injury by examining the injured person's ability to answer motor, verbal and pain stimuli and move
their eyes and limbs. The abilities are scored numerically, high score means milder injuries.

Computerized Tomography (CT)- This gves reveal image of the brain. It visualizes fractures and
shows the bleeding in the brain (hemorrhage), blood clots (hematomas), cerebral edema.



Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)-The air and magnetic waves give the detailed picture from
the brain. This test is required from the doctor in the event the condition of the person continues
to be stabilized.

Intacranial Pressure Monitor- The cerebral edema caused because of the brain injury causes
increased pressure from the skull which may cause additional brain damage. This pressure in th
skull could be monitored through the doctor by inserting a probe through the skull.



Injury To The Brain Treatment and Drugs

Brain Injury Treatment depends upon the extent with the injury. Mild traumatic brain injuries need
no treatment apart from rest and some anaesthetic to treat the headache. However, the injured
person has to be closely observed for worsening with the symptoms and they need a follow-up
doctor appointments. For more persistant Traumatic Injury To The Brain the emergency care
includes adequate oxygen and blood supply and blood pressure levels maintenance and
preventing further problems for the injured area. The emergency room care in the hospital
includes minimizing secondary damage caused because of inflammation, bleeding and lowered
oxygen supply towards the brain.

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Drugs

Anti-seizure drugs- Severe to moderate injury to the brain patients can develop seizures with the
first week of their injury. Therefore, anti-seizure drugs such as Carbamazepine, Valproic acid or
valproate, Valproic acid or valproate etc receive through the first week after the trouble for avoid
additional brain injury caused by seizures.

Diuretics- Diuretics for example Mannitol is prescribed to scale back the amonut with the fluid
from the tissues and increase the urine output. It reduces the intracranial pressure.

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Coma-inducing drugs- Doctor sometimes prescribe drugs to induce coma in TBI patients since
the comatose brain requires less oxygen for funtioning. It helps patients to comprehend
intracrainal pressure once the blood vessels have constricted and the transport of nutrients and
oxygen to cognitive abilities have reduced.

Surgery

Sometimes emergency surgery must be performed to minimize any additional problems for the
mind tissues. Surgery may be completed to cope with these problems.



Hematomas- thrombus or hematoma can boost the intracranial pressure and damage mental
performance tissue.

Fractures inside the skull- surgery is carried out to repair skull fractures to take out the fractured
bits of the skull.

Setting up a window from the skull- surgery is dine to ease the intracranial pressure by draining
the cerebrospinal fluid or making a window inside the skull to create room to the swollen tissues.

definition of traumatic brain injury

Rehabilitation of Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic Injury To The Brain treatment will not end with the drugs and surgery, the patients
require rehabilitation following the injury. They must relearn basic skills including walking, talking,
writing, etc. Rehabilitation specialists include physiotherapist, occupational therapist, speech and
language therapist, rehabilitation nurse, social workers etc, all that help anyone in overcoming the
Traumatic Injury To The Brain.