Load Estimation in Buildings

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Electric Load Estimation

For High Rise Buildings
Total Electric Load Estimation
For residential Buildings
In general for the first estimation of the total
power required for residential buildings
1- Economic Residential Building
Power density = 2 4 KVA / 100 m2
2- Moderate Residential Building
3- Luxurious Residential Building

Lighting
Indoor Lighting
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Lighting Power Estimation
1- Residential Buildings, Pd = 10 VA / m2
2- Offices, Pd = 20 VA / m2
3- Malls, Pd = 40 VA /m2
4- Colleges and Schools, Pd = 25 VA / m2
5- Hospitals, Pd = 20 VA / m2

Allowed lighting power
There are two Methods to estimate the
lighting power in commercial buildings:

A. Complete Building Method.
B. Area Category Method.

A. Complete Building Method
The building must consist of one type of use
for a minimum of 90% of the floor area of the
entire building (in determining the area of the
primary type of use, include the following
areas if they serve as support for the primary
type of use: lobbies, corridors, restrooms and
storage closets).

TYPE OF USE ALLOWED LIGHTING POWER

Auditoriums 17
Convention centers 14
Financial institutions 12
General commercial and industrial work buildings
High bay 12
Low bay 11
Grocery stores 17
Hotel 15
Industrial and commercial storage buildings 8.0
Medical buildings and clinics 12
Office buildings 12
Parking Garages 5.0
Religious facilities 17
Restaurants 13
Retail and wholesale stores* 17
Schools 14
Theaters 15
All others 7.0

Table 1 Complete Building Method
Lighting Power Density Values (Watts/m)
Example: Complete Building Method

A 1000-m medical clinic building is to be built. What
is its allowed lighting power under the complete
building approach?

Answer

From Table the Standards, medical buildings and
clinics are allowed 12 w/m2.
The allowed lighting power is 1000 x 12 = 12000 W.
= 12 KW.
B. Area Category Method
For purposes of the area category method, an
"area" is defined as all contiguous spaces that
accommodate or are associated with a single
primary function as listed in Standards Table
Table 2 Standards Table for Area Category Method -

PRIMARY FUNCTION ALLOWED LIGHTING POWER
Auditorium 17*
Auto repair 13 **
Classrooms, lecture, training, vocational room 14
Civic Meeting Place 15*
Commercial and industrial storage 7.0
Convention, conference, multipurpose and meeting centers 16*
Corridors, restrooms, stairs and support areas 7.0
Dining 12*
Electrical, mechanical rooms 8 **
Exercise center, gymnasium 11
Exhibit, museum 20
Financial transactions 13*
General commercial and industrial work
High bay 12**
Low bay 11 **
Precision 15 ***
Grocery sales 18
Housing, Public and Commons Areas
Multi-family 11
Dormitory, Senior Housing 16
Hotel function area 16*
Kitchen, food preparation 18
Laundry 10
Library
Reading areas 14
Stacks 18

Stacks 18
Lobbies
Hotel lobby 12*
Main entry lobby 18*
Locker/dressing room 10
Lounge/recreation 12
Malls and atria 14*
Medical and clinical care 14
Office 14
Parking garage 5.0
Religious worship 16*
Retail merchandise sales, wholesale showrooms 20
Tenant lease space 11
Transportation function 12
Theaters
Motion picture 10*
Performance 16*
Waiting area 13*
All other 7.0

Lobbies
Hotel lobby 12*
Main entry lobby 18*
Locker/dressing room 10
Lounge/recreation 12
Malls and atria 14*
Medical and clinical care 14
Office 14
Parking garage 5.0
Religious worship 16*
Retail merchandise sales, wholesale showrooms 20
Tenant lease space 11
Transportation function 12
Theaters
Motion picture 10*
Performance 16*
Waiting area 13*
All other 7.0
Example: Area Category Method
A small bank building has the following area distribution:
Corridors 80 m2
Main Entry Lobby 20 m2
Financial Transactions 120 m2
Managers Office 20 m2
What is the allowed lighting power for this building under the area
category method?
Answer
The following Lighting Power Densities apply (from Table 2):
Space LPD Area Allowed Watts

Corridors 7.0 W 80 m2 560
Main Entry 16 W 20 m2 320
Financial Transactions 13 W 120 m2 1560
Managers Office 14 W 20 m2 280
______
Total 2720 W

Question

A 1000-m2 multi-use building is to be built
consisting of:
A) 50 m2 main entry lobby,
B) 200 m2 corridors and restroom,
C) 300 m2 grocery store,
D) 250 m2 retail, and
E) 200 m2 future development.
What is the allowed lighting power under the area
category method?
Normal Sockets
In general sockets can arranged in the free
spaces between furniture
OR
One socket can be assigned for each 5 m
The power of a normal socket can be taken
as 250 VA

Power Sockets
Power sockets can be put in the kitchens and offices

The power of the power sockets can be
1 KVA
2 KVA
3 KVA

OR as required

UPS Sockets
For the information technology equipments it is
required to use UPS to supply the sockets
supplies these equipments.
Air Conditioning Power Estimation
Houses, Pd = 65 w/m2

Offices, Pd = 70 w / m2

Shops, Pd = 90 w / m2

Malls, Pd = 80 w / m2

Colleges and Schools, Pd = 100 w / m2
Air Conditioning Power Estimation

OR
From 3.5 to 5.5 ton / 100 m2
Power in Kw = No. of tons x (1.6 2.5) Kw
Elevators
The number and type of the elevators will be
determined by the architecture engineer.
To estimate the power required for the elevators

P elev. = 15 25 Kw
Pumps
Number and size of the water pump can be
determined by the mechanical engineer

To estimate the power required for the pumps

1- Water pump power = 5 KVA
2- Fire pump power = 15 KVA
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