Quidway AR 4945 Router System Description

AR 4945 Router System Description Security Level: Secret
2010-10-28 All Rights Reserved Page 1 of 55

Version Confidentiality
8048 V300R002 Secret
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Product Name: Quidway
AR4945 Router system
Description
Total Pages: 55

AR4945 router System Description-V2.00

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
All Rights Reserved.



Revision History
Date Revised
Version
Description Author
2007-7-30 V1.00
Initial version Su baowu
2009-04-08 V2.00
1. Adding new features AR
4945 support. Such as 3G
2.Adding the new interface
card (2E1/high density
analog voice)ordering
information
3.Revise some description of
the products.
Ding Juan 00125437



Contents
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.......................................................................................... 1
All Rights Reserved. ......................................................................................................... 1
1 Product Overview........................................................................................................... 5
2 Product Features............................................................................................................ 7
2.1 Multiple Services Integration........................................................................................................ 7
2.2 New Storage Media..................................................................................................................... 8
2.2.1 USB.................................................................................................................................... 8
2.2.2 CF card............................................................................................................................... 9
2.3 Convergence of Routing and Switching ....................................................................................... 9
2.4 IPv6 .......................................................................................................................................... 10
2.5 A Rich of Interfaces.....................................................................................................................11
2.6 Abundant Services .....................................................................................................................11
2.7 Powerful Forwarding/Service Processing................................................................................... 13
2.8 High Reliability .......................................................................................................................... 13
2.9 Superior QoS ............................................................................................................................ 14
2.10 Perfect Security Mechanism.................................................................................................... 15
2.11 Robust Route Policy ................................................................................................................ 15
2.12 Globalization Design................................................................................................................ 16
2.13 3G Supported.......................................................................................................................... 16
3 System Structure.......................................................................................................... 17
3.1 Product Appearance.................................................................................................................. 17
3.1.1 AR 49-45 Router View....................................................................................................... 17
3.2 System Description.................................................................................................................... 18
3.3 Main Process Unit (MPUF) ........................................................................................................ 19
3.3.1 MPUF............................................................................................................................... 19
3.3.2 MSCA............................................................................................................................... 24
3.4 Interface Attributes .................................................................................................................... 25
3.5 Supported Interface Cards......................................................................................................... 31
3.5.1 Supported SIC Interface Cards.......................................................................................... 31
3.5.2 FIC Interface Cards........................................................................................................... 32
3.5.3 ESM Modules ................................................................................................................... 33



3.5.4 Voice modules .................................................................................................................. 33
4 System Feature List and Performance Index............................................................. 34
4.1 Quidway AR 4945 Feature List .................................................................................................. 34
4.2 System Performance Specifications of Quidway AR 4945 Routers............................................. 39
5 Applications and Solutions......................................................................................... 40
5.1 Network Application of Integrated Multiple Services ................................................................... 40
5.2 Network Application of Comprehensive Services in Enterprises ................................................. 41
5.3 Carrier Network Applications...................................................................................................... 41
5.4 IPv6 Network Application........................................................................................................... 42
5.5 MPLS VPN Network Application ................................................................................................ 43
5.6 Network Application of Voice Services ....................................................................................... 44
5.7 Network Application of Security Services ................................................................................... 45
5.8 Network Application of Integrated Routing and Switch................................................................ 46
6 Ordering Guide............................................................................................................. 48
6.1 Host .......................................................................................................................................... 48
6.2 Interface Modules Available for AR 49-45................................................................................... 49
A Acronyms and Abbreviations ..................................................................................... 55



1 Product Overview
AR19/29/49 series routers are the next generation of AR series routers that Huawei
brought into the market on the basis of success in R series and AR 18/28/46 series routers.
Upgraded and enhanced comprehensively based on the original routers in terms of
hardware/software, this series of routers has improved price/performance ratio and
multi-service integration capability significantly.
It is further divided into three series: AR 19, AR 29 and AR 49, which are positioned in
ascending order. AR 19 and AR 29 series can be used as the edge access equipments of
large networks or carrier networks, and the core of branches or small businesses; AR 49
series can be used as the core of large and medium-size enterprise networks as well as
the edge/aggregation access equipments of large networks or carrier networks.
With VRP V5 network OS platform from Huawei, AR19/29/49 series routers continuously
support software features of original R series and AR 18/28/46 series. For example, it
offers a diversity of network security delivers backup center- and VRRP-based backup
solutions; supports MPLS L3/L2 VPN, ADSL access, PPPoE Server/Client, IP multicast;
and provides a rich of QoS (Quality of Service) features and so on. At the same time, VRP
V5 OS platform supports IPv6 and other rich features. Additionally, AR19/29/49 series
routers use international standards-based hardware and software, guaranteeing the
interoperability with other products on all layers, and thus protecting users existing
investments. As a result, the next generation of AR series routers, combined with other
series of Quidway routers and LAN Switches, can provide all-around and end-to-end
network solutions for users in such industries as telecom, ISP (Internet Service Provider),
tax, police, railway, education and electric power as well as large and medium-size
enterprise users.
Here are the features of Quidway AR 4945 routers:
l New software architecture: with the next generation of powerful, multi-services,
scalable and componentized advanced OS platform VRP V5 that Huawei has
invested heavily, this series of routers provides a full support of IPv6 and the
compatibility with IPv4. It not only supports the existing software features of VRP
V3, but also delivers a diversity of functions, satisfying the demanding
requirements of networks and services.
l Smoothly scalable and advanced hardware architecture: The built-in encryption
engine can enhance encryption and meet increasingly security demands. Time
Division Multiplex (TDM) slot switching function can bring higher local call
completion rate and quality. High-density voice boards, crypto-accelerator boards
and switching boards can improve performance and service integration. Use of
common pinch cards and common LPUs makes it possible to smoothly integrate



diverse services modules. In addition, a variety of extended services are
available and new storages like USB and CF Flash are supported.
l Integration of multiple services: By combining security, switching and voice
services, this series of routers improves the integration of multiple services. For
example, it provides world-class and innovative network security functions. As a
result, you can realize a comprehensive integration of LAN switches and deploy
voice gateways flexibly and conveniently.
l High performance/price ratio: By using the latest technologies in the industry,
faster network processors and high integrated chipsets, AR 4945 improves IP
forwarding, service processing and data encryption performances greatly whiling
expanding interface density and strengthening software functions and services
integration.
l Intelligent and auto-sensing network: AR 4945 router come with quality analysis
tools. You can dynamically adjust configuration according to the real network
status, so as to provide a portfolio of solutions, such as service auto-sensing,
security auto-sensing, reliability auto-sensing and intelligent management.
l Investment protection: AR 4945 router is fully compatible with all the modules and
all the features of AR 18/28/46 series modularized routers to provide investment
protection. At the same time, interface modules and software functions developed
on the new series of routers can meet the application requirements of users at
present and in the future, realizing investment protection in the future.
l Brand new and stylish design: this series changes the simple and concise
appearance design of the AR 18/28/46 Series. Instead, this series merges the
fashionable elements into the modern and simple design style, better highlighting
the external and internal value of the products.



2 Product Features
Quidway AR 4945 is the high-end products of the next generation of AR series routers.
With IP forwarding and data encryption performances higher than AR 19/29 routers, it is
primarily designed for the center of small- and mid-sized businesses as well as the
aggregation layer of carrier networks. Quid way AR 4945 router use a modularized
structure to provide integrated high-speed Ethernet interfaces and a rich of optional smart
interface cards.
Major features of the new-generation AR 4945 router
2.1 Multiple Services Integration
The next generation of AR series routers allows enterprises to build a data, voice and IP
phone integrated network on a single platform. Higher data and voice integration density
brings voice over IP applications into a new stage while streamlining network management
and reducing maintenance costs.
I. Comprehensive routing and switch convergence
Quidway AR 4945 router has realized integrated design and implementation in terms
of hardware and software. You can use all the features of routers and switches
seamlessly. See section 2.3 Convergence of Routing and Switching for details.
II. Voice Services
Quidway AR 4945 use VRP Version 5 provides users mainstream voice
communication protocols like H.323 and SIP, and implements diverse voice services
such as emergency call, help in power off, dial-in policy, fax and E-PHONE, and offers
a variety types of voice interfaces including FXS/FXO/VE1/BSV.
With an expansible architecture, Digital Signal Processor (DSP) resources are
allocated consistently in the next generation of AR series routers. This brings for
higher DSP resource utilization and access density. At the same time, local TDM
switching is supported. On the one hand, voice quality is guaranteed. On the other
hand, DSP resource occupation resulted from local calls is avoided and DSP
resources are saved.
The next generation of AR series routers provides flexible pinch card design. You can
select it if necessary.



III. Security
Nowadays, security has become a basic network function. As security needs to be
embedded inside the entire network, routers play an important role in the network
defense strategy. The new-generation AR Series Routers feature advanced,
integrated, point-to-point security, and can provide security services in collaboration
with various other services.
The VRP V5 software platform further expands and improves the security feature set
and provides such security functions as Firewall, IPSec VPN, MPLS VPN, CA, Secure
Shell (SSH) protocol 2.0, intrusion protection, Simple Network Management Protocol
(SNMP v3), etc.
IV. Balanced services and performance
The new-generation AR Series Routers can provide users with various upper-layer
applications that have integrated data, security, voice and video services, satisfying
the current and future Internet demands of users. Moreover, the original data
transmission performance is not affected at all.
2.2 New Storage Media
The next generation of low-end and mid-range routers supports the use of new storage
media like USB Flash and CF card for flexible scalability and investment protection. At the
same time, a simple and convenient means is available for security and automatic service
implementation.
2.2.1 USB
USB, the short of Universal Serial Bus, supports connecting several devices at a rate
higher than common parallel ports and serial ports. There are two specifications of USB:
USB 1.1 and USB 2.0, with up to 12Mbit/s and 480Mbit/s rates respectively. . USB is
hot-swappable and plug-and-play.
Now, AR 4945 router support USB 1.1. With it, you can enjoy mission-critical storage and
security functions. For example, it can provide a lot of Flash memory for applications and
configuration, store security VPN certification to build a secure VPN connection and
distribute configuration safely.
I. USB Flash memory
The USB flash memory is connected to the router via the USB interface. The PnP
function enables the router to detect the USB flash memory automatically. And users
only need to insert the USB flash memory into the USB interface on the router when
they want to use it. The router USB flash memory provides an optional backup storage
function. VRP software mirroring, the configuration file or other files can be copied into
the USB flash memory for storage; also, they can be copied onto the router from the
USB flash memory. Its reliability is equivalent to the Compact Flash (CF) card in terms
of saving and restoring files.
With regard to the file formats supported, the USB flash memory supports all the file
formats that the CF card supports (FAT16 and FAT32). The configuration file can be
automatically transferred to the router from the USB flash memory, thus implementing
automatic configuration and deployment of routers.



Our company supports the USB flash memories specifications as 256MB.The USB
flash memory offers users a mechanism for backing up the CF card. As the flash
memory is widely used, using it to back up and restore files can provide users with
great convenience and reliability.
II. USB application
When a router offers the USB interface, the router configuration file can be saved in
the USB flash memory. After the USB flash memory with the configuration file saved is
inserted into the USB interface of a router, the router can automatically obtain the
configuration file from the USB flash memory, implementing the upgrade of the router
configuration file and update of the router configuration automatically. Thus, the
!zero-touch configuration deployment" can be implemented. That is, enterprise
customers or telecom carriers can load the boot configuration file of a router into the
USB flash memory. With help of the boot configuration file, remote sites can establish
connections to the main site and then load the complete configuration file, thus
implementing the router deployment.
With the above USB features, enterprise customers or telecom carriers can
implement network deployment of routers without loading any configuration onto the
routers before delivery and deployment, thus implementing less-touch or zero-touch
configuration and deployment. In addition, routers can be sold to the end users from
the manufacturer without making any configuration, which is closer to the practical
requirements of users in terms of product usability.
2.2.2 CF card
An advanced mobile storage, Compact Flash Card (CF card) features high speed, high
capacity, compact factor, light and low power consumption.
AR 4945 router support CF card. You can upgrade and replace CF card without opening
the chassis. The design vision of personalization is reflected properly in terms of easy of
use. As the software features and services of routers are changing, the size of VRP5
software platform is increasingly growing. A design to fix storage capacity is a risk and
obstacle for software upgrading. Use of CF card can solve this issue. You can protect
investments perfectly and provide ongoing service scalability for users.
2.3 Convergence of Routing and Switching
SIC/FIC slots in the next generation of AR series routers support many kinds of Layer 2
switching modules. In which AR 4945 router support 4/9/16/24-port SIC/DSIC/FIC/DFIC
switching modules. Coupled with the switching functions of VRP5 software platform, AR
4945 ensures comprehensive routing & switch convergence.
The Ethernet switch modules of the next generation of AR series routers are capable of
realizing Layer 2 switch LAN interface-to-Layer 3 WAN interface conversion. In case of
access to Ethernet, up to four Layer 3 WAN interfaces can be configured to facilitate
flexible networking.
The Ethernet switch modules of the next generation of AR series routers allow for perfect
Layer 2 Ethernet switch features and related protocols, for example, VLAN, MAC address
management, STP, port aggregation LACP, 802.1x and QoS/ACL and so on. Where
SIC/DSIC cards are designed to implement low density access switches that provide basic
Layer 2 switch feature; FIC/DFIC cards are designed to implement high density access
and aggregation switches that provide intelligent and scalable Layer 2 switch feature.



FIC/DFIC cards are hot-swappable and have photoelectric Combo GE interface to support
access in different distances. At the same time, GE interface interconnection can be used
to realize expansion of ports and VLAN domain between modules.
Plug-in cards with different densities and different features can adapt to different user
requirements while streamlining networking. Multi-services routers work well when switch
modules forward data at wire speed on L2, meeting the requirements of routing and switch
integration and replacing the networking of traditional routers and Ethernet switches in
deed. As a result, you can use and manage devices flexibly.
2.4 IPv6
Todays Internet is running on the basis of IPv4 protocol. With the rapid development of the
Internet, limited address space defined by IPv4 will be exhausted. Short of address will
make an adverse effect on the continuous development of the Internet, and severely
restrict the application of IP technologies and the prospect of networks in the future. . IPv6
as the basis of the next generation of networks is broadly recognized for its outstanding
technical advantages, which are shown as follows:.
l Flexible header format
l Larger address space
l Valid hierarchical addressing and routing system
l Full state and stateless address configuration
l Built-in security
l QoS
l Robust negotiation mechanism for neighbor discovery
l Scalability
l Meeting mobile requirements (3GPP determined to use IPv6 to build the next
generation of IPv6 core network)
The next generation of AR series routers supports the following IPv6 features:
l IPv6 address
l Local link unicast address
l Local site unicast address
l Global unicast address
l Multicast address
l IPv6 Neighbor Discovery
l Neighbor Discovery (ND) host
l Neighbor Discovery (ND) router
l IPv6 Path MTU
l IPv6 ACL
l IPv6 routing protocol
l IPv4 to IPv6 migration
Network Address Translation-protocol Translation) NAT-PT
l Packet and message translation
l IPv6-IPv4 tunneling



2.5 A Rich of Interfaces
The next generation of AR series routers comes with a rich of physical interfaces. General
interfaces include: syn/asyn serial interface, Ethernet interface, E1 interface, E1-F
interface, CE3 interface, ISDN BRI/PRI interface, analog modem (AM) interface, voice
interface, xDSL interface, SDH interface and Ethernet port and so on.
l Ethernet interfaces: FE and GE;
l Frame relay interfaces: E1, E1-F, syn serial interface, E3;
l X.25 interfaces: E1, E1-F, syn serial interface, E3;
l ISDN interfaces: ISDN BRI, ISDN PRI;
l PSTN interfaces: asyn serial interface, E1, AM, ADSL2+;
l DDN network interfaces: syn/asyn serial interface, E1, E1-F, E3;
l Voice interfaces: analog voice interfaces (including FXS/FXO/BSV), digital voice
interfaces (including VE1);
l USB interface: USB 1.1;
l Layer 2 Ethernet ports;
l POS interface.

2.6 Abundant Services
The next generation of AR series routers provides a large number of services as follows:
I. xDSL
The next generation of AR series routers has an optional SIC-ADSL2+ interface card.
SIC-ADSL2+ offers common phone interfaces. By leveraging digital code modulation
technology, you can access digital subscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM)
devices through the existing copper phone lines and obtain higher data transmission
capacity.
With ATM adaptation layer 5 (AAL5) as the ATM adaptation layer protocol, the next
generation of AR series routers provides traffic services like constant bit rate (CBR),
variable bit rate (VBR) and unspecified bit rate (UBR). Many issues, such as IP packet
over ATM, authentication and accounting, are also solved through IPoA, PPPoA and
PPPoEoA technologies. This series of routers is applicable to high speed data
services and transmission of larger data packets and helpful for small- and
medium-sized enterprises networks to access the Internet directly through broadband.
II. MPLS VPN and traditional VPN
The next generation of AR series routers supports Layer 2 and Layer 3 tunneling
protocols. Layer 2 tunneling protocol (L2TP) is helpful for users to enable dial-in virtual
private data network (VPDN) and leased-line VPN services. Layer 3 tunneling
protocol is enabled based on generic routing encapsulation (GRE) protocol.
Combined with IPSec technology, it provides a full set of network security solutions for
leased-line VPN, including access control, connectionless integrity and data source
authentication, anti-replay, encryption and traffic classification and encryption. Both
tunneling protocols can be used independently or jointly to provide better services.



MPLS is the combination of IP and ATM. It uses a short, fixed long label to replace IP
header to identify data flows and as the basis of forwarding to provide higher
forwarding rate. With the support of IP routing protocol and control protocol, MPLS
can meet the network requirements of diverse new applications. In a MPLS network,
tagged packets are transferred along the label switched path (LSP) made up of a
series of label switch routers (LSRs). Using MPLS to enable VPN is of natural
advantages because LSP itself is a tunnel on the public network. MPLS VPN refers to
combine the geographical branches of a private network into a unified network. It
supports the reuse of IP addresses between branches and interoperation between
VPNs. AR 19/29/49 series routers can function as not only label edge routers (LERs)
but also label switch routers (LSRs). When AR 19/29/49 series routers locate at the
edge of a label domain, they as LERs can connect MPLS domains and non-MPLS
domains as well as different MPLS domains, and classify services, distribute labels,
encapsulate or strip off multi-tier labels. When the next generation of AR series
resides in a MPLS domain, it as LSR can exchange label packets.
III. DCC
The next generation of AR series routers provides a perfect dial-in solution, with two
dial-in modes supported: Circular DCC and Resourced-Shared DCC. In some cases,
a connection is built and communication is carried out between routers only when
there are messages need to transfer. So the transferred messages are time-free,
small in volume and unexpected. DDC comes into being to offer a flexible and
cost-effective solution for users. Especially, Resource-Shared DCC is rather perfect. It
allows more than one dial-in user to share physical interfaces and make different calls
through dialer pool. In real circumstances, DCC generally is used in backup mode to
guarantee the master line communication. When the master line cannot communicate
services for a line failure or other reasons, DCC provides a backup line to guarantee
the operation of services. In addition, DCC can enable callback, including PPP
callback, ISDN calling line identification callback.
IV. Voice
The next generation of AR series routers provides mainstream voice communication
protocols like H.323 and SIP for a variety of voice services such as emergency
call/dial-in policy/fax/E-PHONE, and a variety of voice interfaces such as
FXS/FXO/VE1
By employing high performance digital signal process (DSP) chipset and high
compression ratio coding/decoding algorithm, combined with the features from VRP
V5 software platform like security, QoS and policy-based routing, the next generation
of AR series routers can ensure the transmission of voice over IP through silence
compression, comfortable noise and anti-jitter measures.
Two connection modes are supported: quick connection and non-quick connection.
The next generation of AR series routers carries out out-band transmission of dual
tone multi-frequency (DTMF) codes with tunneling while offering busy tone detection
and some special services for PBX (for example, Do-Not-Disturb, transfer in busy and
alarm clock).
Voice processing module (VPM) is also supported. It is a DSP array and easy of
upgrading and expansion. All VE1 interface cards share DSP resources of VPM,
saving user investments and maximizing hardware resources.
The next generation of AR series routers provides a rich of voice interfaces that can
not only directly connect to general phones/faxes, but also connect to PBX switches
through trunks like AT0 and E1. It realizes interoperation with voice gateways from



other vendors well in addition to high density and qualified voice and fax
communications, protecting the existing investments of users effectively. When E1
trunk is used to connect a PBX, R2 signaling as well as DSS1 and Q.SIG signaling on
ISDN PRI interface are supported. One-stage/dual-stage dial-in services are available.
Synchronous transmission of voice and data on PRI interface is also supported. As a
result, the utilization is improved and the scope of supported services is enlarged.
The next generation of AR series routers offers Gateway Keeper (GK) Client function
that maintains communications with GK Server through Registration, Admission and
Status (RAS) signaling. In this way, GK Server provides Quidway voice gateway
services like access permission, address translation, bandwidth management and
voice gateway management. At the same time, it can network with mainstream voice
gateway flexibly. This makes the next generation of AR series routers fit for large- and
medium- sized voice communications in enterprises.
By compressing redundant information like voice header on low-speed PPP serial
links, IP Header Compression (IPHC) reduces the bandwidths used by voice channels
significantly and maximizes network resources.
The next generation of AR series routers provides voice RADIUS function. When a
voice call occurs, the router reports statistics including call duration, number of
packets and number of bytes to RADIUS Server for accounting.
2.7 Powerful Forwarding/Service Processing
IP packet forwarding efficiency is a key index of performance measurement. When the
router forwards a packet according to general procedure, it needs to look up the routing
table based on the network layer information of the packet to determine a best path for
forwarding. And each subsequential packet will be processed by this process repeatedly.
In addition to flexible services and protocol processing, the next generation of AR series
routers uses advanced quick route search algorithm to enable fast forwarding, improving
forwarding and services processing capabilities significantly. The next generation of AR
series routers supports fast forwarding on a variety of high speed link interfaces. It can also
forward packets rapidly in conjunction with QoS and firewall.
2.8 High Reliability
I. Hot-swappable power supply/interface card/fan
According to carrier-class product requirements, the next generation of AR series
routers is designed to support dual-power supply hot backup as well as
hot-swappable power supplies/FIC interface cards/fan racks. Replacement is
performed without affecting services so as to meet the high reliability requirements
of carrier-class networks on devices.
II. Backup center and VRRP
With Backup Center and VRRP, the next generation of AR series routers provides a
backup solution in case of a communication line or device failure to guarantee
smooth data communication, and thus boosting network robusticity and reliability
effectively. Backup Center supports backup load balancing.



III. External storages like CF card and USB Flash memory
CF card and USB Flash memory can be used to store many system files and
configuration to improve system reliability. External storages can accommodate a
large volume of system logs and security logs for backing up, browsing and archiving.
2.9 Superior QoS
The next generation of AR series routers are developed based on VRP5 platform. The
QoS of V5 platform has inherited all the QoS features of previous VRP versions. That is, it
supports Diff-Serv standard well. At the same time, it adds the supports of IPV6 QoS as
well as MPLS Traffic Engineering (MPLS TE) and MPLS Resource Reservation Protocol
(MPLS RSVP).
QoS Diff-Serv model includes traffic classification, traffic policing, traffic shaping, queue
management and queue scheduling that completely enables six sets of PHB services (EF,
AF1 to AF4, BE) defined in standards. This allows network operators to provide users
different levels of service guarantee, making the Internet a real data, voice and video
integrated network.
The enablement of Differentiated Service (Diff-Serv) includes traffic classification, traffic
policing (CAR), traffic shaping (GTS), congestion management (PQ/CQ/WFQ/CBQ) and
congestion avoidance (WRED).
l Traffic classification: identify interesting objects by a certain matching rule. Traffic
classification is the premise for differentiated services.
l Traffic policing: monitor the specifications of the specified traffic flowed into the
router. Once the traffic has exceeded the specifications, you can take restriction
or punishment measures to protect business interests and network resources of
operators.
l Congestion management: measures you must take to settle resource competition
in case of network congestion. Generally, it places packets in a queue for caching
and uses a scheduling algorithm to determine the forwarding order.
l Congestion avoidance: too congestion may damage network resources.
Congestion avoidance monitors the utilization of network resources. When it finds
that the congestion is aggravating, it drops packets proactively and relieve
network overload by adjusting traffic.
l Traffic shaping: a traffic control measure that actively adjusts the traffic output
rate. Generally, it is used to adapt to the available network resources from the
downstream routers and avoid unnecessary packet drop and congestion.
MPLS traffic engineering (MPLS TE) is a QoS technology based on Int-serv module.
By combining traffic engineering and MPLS, you can establish a LSP tunnel to the
designated path and reserve resources. So network traffic can bypass congested
nodes for the purpose of balancing. The next generation of AR series routers can use
QoS in a MPLS network flexibly. Furthermore, it can use original QoS of Diff-Serv for
CE and PE routers and QoS of Int-Serv for MPLS aggregation/core networks to
realize real end-to-end QoS guarantee.



2.10 Perfect Security Mechanism
The next generation of AR series routers has many authentication methods (plain text
authentication and MD5) and supports two kinds of user authorization modes: local
authentication and RADIUS authentication. it can authenticate user IDs and authorization
to prevent from illegal configuration of devices.
The ACL feature of the next generation of AR series routers is used to create a
combination of rules that permit or deny based on source/destination IP address segments
(including host address) or source/destination ports. This is applicable to the following
cases where you can control access to the traffic on the user side or the network side and
set the rights to access local information network or WAN by users for the purpose of
protecting key servers, protecting system users, restricting foreign access, preventing from
network attacks and supporting real-time updating.
The network address translation (NAT) feature of the next generation of AR series routers
allows for translation and recovery of IP addresses and ports. At the same time, it allows
the Intranet to provide limited access to internal hosts by user configurations. The feature
can also meet high capacity and high performance to adapt to the position of the next
generation of AR series routers in a network. In addition to above mentioned basic
functions, the NAT feature of the next generation of AR series routers limits the number of
concurrent connections of individual users. As a result, it can reduce network strike from
malicious resource occupation while meeting general network applications. You can output
address translation information through logs to analysis network failures and locate hidden
security troubles. The NAT feature provides application layer gateway (ALG) function for
common specific application layer FTP and ICMP.
Furthermore, Quidway AR 4945 routers have plenty of statistics including traffic statistics,
traffic sample and NAT information statistics.
2.11 Robust Route Policy
Route policy consists of a series of rules which are broken into three types used for route
publication, route receiving and route import respectively. Route policy is referred to as
route filter, because the definition of a policy is equivalent to the definition of a set of filters
and applying these filters before receiving/publishing route information or exchanging route
information between different protocols.
Route policy is used with routing protocols to strengthen the control of routing protocols.
When exchanging route information with the peer, a upper layer routing protocol may need
to only receive or publish a part of route information meeting the specified conditions; when
importing the route information of other routing protocols, the route protocol may need to
only import a part of route information meeting the conditions, and set some attributes of
the imported route information to satisfy the requirements of the protocol. Route policy
provides a way to enable these functions for route protocols.
Route policies supported on the next generation of AR series routers include route policy
definition, route import and distribution definition and restriction rules like route prefix,
autonomous system path, community attribute and access list. The use of route policy is of
great practical value to enhance the manageability of networks.



2.12 Globalization Design
According to UL, CE and FCC standards, the next generation of AR series routers is
designed to conform to certification requirements in home, Europe and North American

2.13 3G Supported
AR 4945 router as the new-generation AR Series Router that provide the 3G wireless
option offers a cost-effective, convenient deployment, reliable backup solution. AR 4945
router with 3G feature can be deployed in small businesses, enterprise small branch office.
3G wireless can be used for the scenario describe below
The new building with out cable.
The primary WAN connectivity where wire line service such as XDSL is not available
or too expensive to deploy.
The cable for the building can not reach .such as the communication must deploy
among mountains or islands.
It is very convenient for mobile office.
AR 4945 router support the latest 3G standards (High-Speed Packet Access [HSPA]) and
are backward-compatible with Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service (UMTS),
Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution (EDGE), and General Packet Radio Service
(GPRS).
The detailed information of 3G features application, you can find them in !ARx9 3G
Feature Guidance" in 3ms.
http: / / 3ms. huawei . com/ mm/ docMai ntai n/ mmMai ntai n. do?method=showMMDetai l &f _i d=ME20090
2060096



3 System Structure
Quidway AR 4945 router use an integrated design. And it is 3U high (1U = 44.45mm).
Quidway AR 49 can be installed in 19in standard racks.
3.1 Product Appearance
3.1.1 AR 49-45 Router View
Product Front view
Figure 3-1 Front view of the AR 49-45 routers



Product Rear view
Figure 3-2 Rear view of the AR 49-45 routers

AR 49-45 router is 3U high. There are nine slots on the front panel. Slot 0 is a MPU slot
supporting two fixed 10/100/1000M Ethernet interface (Combo interface); slot 1 through
slot 4 are SIC card slots and slot 5 through slot 8 are FIC card slots. MSCA slots on the
rear panel are multi-service card slots. Multi-service card supports VCPM, VPM and ESM
modules to enable a rich of services.
3.2 System Description
Table 3-1 Quidway AR 49-45 router system description
Item AR 49-45 description
SIC slot 4
FIC slot 4
MSCA slot 1
Console
port
1
AUX port 1
USB
interface
2 (USB 1.1)
Fixed
interface
s
GE
interface
Two GE Combo interfaces
Dimension
(H # W # D)
130.7 X 436.2 X 424mm
(5.15 X 17.17 X 16.70 inch)
Weight (pending) 16.18 kg (39.68lb)
Input
voltage
AC Rated voltage range: 100 VAC to 240 VAC; 50/60Hz
Maximum voltage range: 85 VAC to 264 VAC; 47/63Hz



Item AR 49-45 description
DC Rated voltage range: $48 VDC to $60 VDC
Maximum voltage range: $36 VDC to $75 VDC
Maximum power
(power supply)
350 W
Operating
temperature
0%C to 40%C (32%F to 104%F)
Relative humidity
(noncondensing)
5% to 90%

l Memory specification is optional and up to 1GB is supported. CF card is supported from
defaulted to1GB. The Flash capacity on the MPU is 4M.
l You can select a single power supply or 1+1 redundant power supply as required. A single
power supply is configured as a standard. Dual-power supplies work in redundancy backup
mode.
3.3 Main Process Unit (MPUF)
MPUF is the core of a product, which is designed to enable protocol handling, packet
forwarding, interface control and failure detection functions. Status monitoring information,
such as fan operation, power supply and system health, can be represented directly by the
indicators on the MPUF. It also can be reported to the back-end and monitored through
network management systems. Furthermore, MPUF has a hardware reset button RESET.
3.3.1 MPUF
View
Figure 3-3 MPUF front view



Figure 3-4 MPUF front view

Specifications
Table 3-2 MPUF specifications
Item Item
Interface Two 10/100/1000M Ethernet interface
(Combo interface supporting SFP
optical module)
One Aux port
One CON port
Processor 833MHz
Boot ROM 4M
DDR SDRAM Default: 512MB
Maximum: 1GB
CF CARD Default: 256MB
Maximum: 1GMB
USB Two USB 1.1 interfaces, where USB 0
supports Host or Device mode; USB 1
supports only Host mode.



l Boot ROM holds the boot files used for startup.
l DDR SDRAM, also known as DDR memory, holds the data that the system communicates
with CPU.
l CF card slot supports one CF card (64M to 256M) and holds software system and
configuration. When the software is reading or writing from/to a CF card, the CF card
indicator is flashing. At this time you cannot draw out the CF card. Otherwise the files stored
in the CF card will be damaged.
l GE Combo interface means that there is only one GE interface in the board, but one
electrical interface and one optical interface are available outside. You can use them if
necessary. Using electrical interface and optical interface simultaneously is prohibited.
When cables and optical fibers are connected simultaneously, by default the electrical
interface works.
Indicators and buttons
Figure 3-5 Indicators and buttons

Figure 3-6 Implications of in indicators
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
( 9 )
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
(15)
(16)
(17)
(18) (14) (19)
(20)
(22)
(21) (23)
(24)
(25)

(1) System LED (SYS) (2) Fan LED (FAN)
(3) Power LED1 (PWR1) (4) Power LED0 (PWR0)
(5) VPM LED3 (VPM3) (6) VPM LED2 (VPM2)
(7) VPM LED1 (VPM1) (8) VPM LED0 (VPM0)
(9) VCPM LED (VCPM) (10) ESM LED1 (ESM1)
(11) ESM LED0 (ESM0) (12) USB Slave port LED (USB0)
(13) Fixed 1000M electrical interface0 LED (14) Fixed 1000M electrical interface1 LED
(15) Fixed 1000M optical interface0 LED (16) Fixed 1000M optical interface1 LED
(17) USB port0 (18) USB port1
(19) Console port (20) Auxiliary port
(21) Fixed 1000M electrical interface0 (22) Fixed 1000M electrical interface1



(23) Fixed 1000M optical interface0 (24) Fixed 1000M optical interface1
(25) RESET LED

Table 3-3 MPUF indicator and button implications
Indicator Monochromatic
/dichromatic
Quantity Status Function
Off No input voltage or
MPU failure
Green,
flashing
(0.5Hz)
Indicates that the
board works
according to the
configuration and is
put in work state
Green,
flashing
(4Hz)
The board is starting
up.
SYS Dichromatic 1
Yellow/Yell
ow,
flashing
Failure
Off Power supply 1 is off.
Green Power supply 1 is on
and works well.
PWR0 Dichromatic 1
Yellow Failure
Off Power supply 2 is off.
Green Power supply 2 is on
and works well.
PWR1 Dichromatic 1
Yellow Failure
Off Fan is off.
Green Fan works well.
FAN Dichromatic 1
Yellow Failure
Off VPMx is off.
Green VPMx is on and valid.
VPM
0-3
Dichromatic 4
Yellow Failure
Off ESMx is off.
Green ESMx is on and valid.
ESM0-1 Dichromatic 2
Yellow Failure



/dichromatic
Off VCPM is off.
Green VCPM is on and valid.
VCPM Dichromatic 1
Yellow Failure
Off No LINK
Green SFP optical module
gigabit LINK
Green,
flashing
SFP optical module is
receiving and sending
data.
SFP0-1 Dichromatic 2
Yellow Failure to SFP
examination
Off No CF card
Green CF card is on and
success in host
examination.
Green,
flashing
The system is
accessing CF card.
Do not draw out.
CF Dichromatic 1
Yellow Failure to CF card
examination
Off Not being attained to
the Host
Green Attained to HOST and
hot-swappable
USB0-1
(device)
Monochromatic 1
Green,
flashing
Transmitting data. Do
not draw out.
Off No connection is
established.
Green A gigabit connection
is established
Green,
flashing
Receiving and
sending data. Active
Yellow 10M/100M
connections are
established.
GE0/0 Dichromatic 1
Yellow,
flashing
Receiving and



/dichromatic
Off No connection is
established.
Green A gigabit connection
is established
Green,
flashing
Receiving and
Yellow 10M/100M
connections are
established.
GE0/1 Dichromatic 1
Yellow,
flashing
Receiving and

3.3.2 MSCA
View
Figure 3-7 MSCA front view

Figure 3-8 MSCA rear view

Specifications
Table 3-4 MSCA specifications
Item Description
VPM slot number 4



Item Description
VCPM slot number 1
ESM slot number 2

3.4 Interface Attributes
Console port
Table 3-5 Console port attributes
Metrics Parameter
Interface standard RS232
Connector RJ45
Rate 9600bps to 115200bps

FE electrical interface
Table 3-6 FE electrical interface attributes
Metrics Layer 2 FE electrical
interface parameter
Layer 3 FE electrical
interface parameter
Interface standard 10/100Base-TX 10/100Base-TX
Interface type MDI/MDIX MDI
Connector RJ45 RJ45
Rate 10/100Mbps 10/100Mbps
Operating mode 10/100Mbps
auto-sensing
Full duplex/ half duplex
Supporting only Layer 2
switching
10/100Mbps auto-sensing

GE Interface
MPUF has two 10/100/1000Mbps Ethernet interfaces. Each GE interface supports
optical/electrical two connectors. In which electrical interface uses RJ45 connector



and optical interface uses Small Form-Factor Pluggable (SFP) module. Users can
select it as required.
MPUF provides five kinds of 1000Base-FX SFP pluggable optical interface modules.
You can select short haul multi mode (850nm), mid-haul single mode (1310nm), long
haul single mode (1310nm), long haul single mode (1550nm) and ultra long haul
single mode (1550nm) optical modules if necessary. All optical modules come with LC
interface and are hot-swappable.
Here are the features of MPUF GE interface:
Table 3-7 GE electrical interface attributes
Item Description
Connector type RJ45
Interface type MDI/MDIX auto-sensing
Frame format Ethernet_II
Ethernet_SNAP
Operating mode 10/100/1000Mbps auto-sensing
(Configuring 1000Mbps and half duplex
simultaneously is prohibited)

Table 3-8 GE optical interface attributes
Attributes Description
Connector type SFP/LC
Interface standard 802.3, 802.3u and 802.3ab
Type Short
haul
multimod
e
(850nm)
Mid-hau
l single
mode
(1310n
m)
Long
haul
(1310nm)
Long
haul
(1550n
m)
Ultra long
haul
(1550nm)
Min. -9.5dBm -9dBm -2dBm -4dBm -4dBm
Transmitted
optical
power
Max. 0dBm -3dBm 5dBm 1dBm 2dBm
Receiving sensitivity -17dBm -20dBm -23dBm -21dBm -22dBm
Core wavelength 850nm 1310nm 1310nm 1550nm 1550nm
Optical fiber type 62.5/125
um
multimod
e optical
fiber
9/125
um
single
mode
optical
fiber
9/125 um
single
mode
optical
fiber
9/125u
m single
mode
optical
fiber
9/125 um
single
mode
optical
fiber



Maximum
transmission
distance
0.55km 10km 40km 40km 70km
Operating mode 1000Mbps
Full duplex

l Using 10/100/10000Mbps Ethernet electrical interface and optical interface simultaneously
is prohibited. When cables and optical fibers are connected, electrical interface works by
default.
AUX port
Table 3-9 Aux port attributes
Metrics Parameter
Interface standard RS232 (supporting remote Modem
configuration)
Connector RJ45
Rate 9600bps to 115200bps

Synchronous serial port
Table 3-10 Synchronous serial port attributes
Metrics Parameter
Interface standard V.24 (DTE/DCE), V.35 (DTE/DCE),
X.21 (DTE/DCE), RS449 (DTE/DCE)
and RS530 (DTE/DCE)
Connector DB28
Rate 1200bps to 2.048Mbps (baud
rate(bps):1200, 4800, 9600, 19200,
38400, 115200, 56000, 64000, 72000,
128000, 384000 and 2048000)



Asynchronous serial port
Table 3-11 Asynchronous serial port attributes
Metrics Parameter
Interface standard V.24 (DTE/DCE)
Connector RJ45
Rate 300bps to 115.2Kbps (baud
rate(bps):300, 600, 1200, 4800, 9600,
19200, 38400, 57600 and 115200)

AM interface
Table 3-12 AM interface attributes
Metrics Parameter
Interface standard G.712
Connector RJ45
Bandwidth 300 to 3400Hz

CE1/PRI interfaces
Table 3-13 CE1/PRI interface attributes
Metrics Parameter
Interface standard G.703 and G.704
Connector DB15 (FIC-1E1/FIC-2E1)
DB25 (FIC-4E1)
Rate CE1/PRI: 2.048Mbps (n#64k bps,
n=1...31)

E1-F interfaces
Table 3-14 E1-F interface attributes
Metrics Parameter



Metrics Parameter
Connector DB15 (FIC-2E1-F)
DB25 (FIC-4E1-F)
Rate E1: 2.048Mbps (n#64kbps, n=1...31)

Standard CE3 interface
Table 3-15 CE3 interface attributes
Metrics Parameter
Connector SMB
Rate CE3: 34.368Mbps

ISDN BRI interface
Table 3-16 ISDN BRI interface attributes
Metrics Parameter
Interface standard ISDN BRI interface
Connector RJ45
Rate 64Kbps and 2B+D

155M ATM interface
Table 3-17 155M ATM interface attributes
Metrics Parameter
Interface standard SDH/SONET
Connector FE optical connector supporting single
mode optical fiber and multimode
optical fiber
Rate OC-3/STM-1 (155Mbps)



ADSL2+ interface
Table 3-18 ADSL2+ interface attributes
Metrics Parameter
Interface standard ITU-T 992.1 G.DMT
ITU-T 992.2 G.Lite
ITU-T G992.3 ADSL2
ITU-T G992.5 ADSL2+
ANSI T1.413 Issue 2
Connector RJ11
Rate Up to 1024kbits/s on the upstream and
24Mbit/s on the downstream
Services ADSL2+ access over common phone
lines

ADSL-I Interface
Table 3-19 ADSL-I Interface attributes
Item Parameter
Interface standard G. 992.1
Connector RJ11
Interface rate Up to 8Mbps on the downstream and
1024kbps on the upstream
Services ADSL access over ISDN lines

Analog voice interfaces (E&M, FXO and FXS)
Table 3-20 Analog voice interfaces (E&M, FXO and FXS) attributes
Metrics Parameter
Interface standard G.712
Connector RJ48
Bandwidth 300Hz to 3400Hz



VE1 voice interface
Table 3-21 VE1 voice interface attributes
Metrics Parameter
Connector DB15
Rate CE1/PRI: 2.048Mbps (n#64k bps,
n=1...31)

3.5 Supported Interface Cards
3.5.1 Supported SIC Interface Cards
Quidway AR 49-45 routers provide many kinds of SIC interface cards as follows:
Ethernet interface cards
l 1-port 10Base-T/100Base-TX Ethernet interface card (SIC-1FEA)
l 1-port 10M/100M/1000M electrical and optical Ethernet SIC interface card
(SIC-1GEC)
WAN interface cards
l 1-port enhanced high-speed syn/asyn serial port interface card (SIC-1SAE)
l 1-port nonchannelized E1 interface card (SIC-1E1-F)
l 2-port nonchannelized E1 interface card (SIC-2E1-F)
l 1-port E1/CE1/PRI compatible interface card (SIC-1EPRI)
l 1-port ADSL over POTS interface card (SIC-1ADSL)
l 1-port analog Modem interface card (SIC-1AM)
l 2-port analog Modem interface card (SIC-2AM)
Voice interface cards
l 1-port voice subscriber circuit interface card (SIC-1FXS)
l 2-port voice subscriber circuit interface card (SIC-2FXS)
l 1-port voice FXO interface card (SIC-1FXO)
l 2-port voice FXO interface card (SIC-2FXO)
l 1-way E1 voice SIC interface card (SIC-1VE1)
Ethernet switching cards
l 4-port 10M/100M Ethernet Layer 2 switching card (SIC-4FSW)
l 9-port 10M/100M Ethernet Layer 2 switching card (SIC-9FSW)



3.5.2 FIC Interface Cards
Quidway AR 49-45 routers provide many kinds of FIC smart interface cards as
follows:
Ethernet interface cards
l 1-port 10M/100M Ethernet electrical FIC interface module (RJ45)-FIC-1FE
l 2-port 10M/100M Ethernet electrical FIC interface module (RJ45)-FIC-2FE
l 1-port 1000M Ethernet electrical FIC interface module (RJ45)-FIC-1GBE
l 2-port 1000M Ethernet electrical FIC interface module (RJ45)-FIC-2GBE
l 1-port 1000M Ethernet optical FIC interface module-FIC-1GEF
l 2-port 1000M Ethernet optical FIC interface module-FIC-2GEF
WAN interface cards
l 2-port enhanced high-speed syn/asyn serial port FIC interface card-FIC-2SAE
l 8-port asyn serial port FIC interface module (RJ45)-FIC-8SAE
l 16-port asyn serial port FIC interface module (RJ45)-FIC-16SAE
l 1-port E1/CE1/PRI FIC interface card-FIC-1E1
l 8-port E1/CE1/PRI FIC interface card (75ohm)-FIC-8E1 (75)
l 2-port nonchannelized E1 FIC interface card-FIC-2E1-F
l 4-port nonchannelized E1 FIC interface card-FIC-4E1-F
l 8-port nonchannelized E1 FIC interface card (75ohm)-enhanced-FIC-8E1(75)-F
l 1-port E3/CE3 FIC interface module-FIC-1CE3
l 1-port ATM/155M optical interface module FIC-1ATM-OC3
l 1-port ATM-E3 interface module-FIC-1AE3
l 1-port POS interface card-FIC-1POS
l 1-port channelized SDH/SONET interface card (E1 mode)-FIC-1CPOS (E)
Voice interface cards
l 1-way E1 voice FIC interface module-FIC-1VE1
l 2-way E1 voice FIC interface module-FIC-2VE1
l 4-port voice subscriber circuit module-FIC-4FXS
l 4-port voice FXO interface module-FIC-4FXO
l 24FXO+24FXS High Density Voice Double FIC Interface Module
RT-DFIC-24FXS24FXO
l 24FXS HIGH DENSITY FXS FIC Interface Module RT-FIC-24FXS



Ethernet switching cards
l 16-port 10M/100M and 1-port 1000BASE-T/1000BASE-X (COMBO) Ethernet
Layer 2 switching FIC interface card-FIC-16FSW
l 24-port 10M/100M and 2-port 1000BASE-T/1000BASE-X (COMBO) Ethernet
Layer 2 switching DFIC interface card-FIC-24FSW
3.5.3 ESM Modules
l Advanced network data encryption ESM module-ESM-ANDE
l Standard network data encryption ESM module-ESM-SNDE
In addition to IPSec protocol, ESM modules support hardware encryption/decryption
and hash operation as well as accelerate the encryption of IP packets through
hardware to provide a powerful and high reliable encryption function for routers.
Encryption pinch card is optional. When the pinch card is inserted, the MPU in the
router carries out the routing and forwarding of IP packets. A VPN with encryption
feature is enabled, where encryption is performed by an encryption card.
Table 3-22 Encryption pinch card attributes
Item Description
Protocol IPsec
Hardware enablement algorithm Key algorithm (DES, 3DES, AES)
Authentication algorithm (HMAC-MD5-96,
HMAC-SHA-1-96)

3.5.4 Voice modules
Voice Processing Module (VPM) is designed for voice compression/decompression,
echo cancellation (EC) and comfortable noise generation (CNG).
Voice Co-Processing Module (VCPM) is used with VPM modules to process voice
data.
l Voice co-processing module RT-VCPM
l 8-way voice processing module RT-VPM8



4 System Feature List and Performance
Index
4.1 Quidway AR 4945 Feature List
Table 4-1 Quidway AR 4945 feature list
Network
interconnection
LAN protocol
l
ARP (proxy ARP, free ARP, authorization ARP)
l
Ethernet_II
l
Ethernet_SNAP
l
VLAN (PORT-BASED VLAN/MAC-BASED VLAN/VLAN-BASED
PORT ISOLATE/ VOICE VLAN)
l
802.3x
l
LACP(802.3ad)
l
802.1p
l
802.1Q
l
802.1x
l
RSTP(802.1w)
l
MSTP(802.1s)
l
IGMP Snooping
l
GVRP
l
PORT LOOPBACK
l
PORT MUTILCAST suppression



WAN protocols
l
PPP, and MP
l
PPPoE Client, and PPPoE Server
l
PPP/MP over FR
l
FR, and MFR
l
FR Fragment, FR Compress, and FR over IP
l
FRTS
l
ATM (IPoA, IPoEoA, PPPoA and PPPoEoA)
l
DCC, and Dialer Watch
l
HDLC
l
LAPB
l
X25, X25 over TCP and X25 to TCP
l
X25 PAD, X25 Huntgroup and X25 CUG
l
MODEM
l
3G Modem
IP services
l
Fast forwarding (unicast/multicast)
l
TCP
l
UDP
l
IP Option
l
IP unnumber
l
Policy routing (unicast/multicast)
Non-IP services
l
IPX
l
Netstream
l
Terminal access
Network protocols
IP application
l
Ping and Trace
l
DHCP Server
l
DHCP Relay
l
DHCP Client
l
DNS client
l
DNS Static
l
DDNS
l
NQA
l
IP Accounting
l
UDP Helper
l
NTP
l
Telnet
l
TFTP Client
l
FTP Client
l
FTP Server



IP route
l
Static routing management
l
Dynamic routing protocols
RIP/RIPng
OSPF
OSPFv3
BGP
IS-IS
l
Multicast routing protocols
IGMP
PIM-DM
PIM-SM
MBGP
MSDP
l
Routing policy
MPLS
l
LDP
l
LSPM
l
MPLS TE
l
MPLS FW
l
MPLS/BGP VPN
l
L2VPN
IPv6 IPv6 basic functions
l
IPv6 ND
l
IPv6 PMTU
l
IPv6 FIB
l
IPv6 ACL
l
IPv6 Fast-forwarding
IPv6 transition technologies
l
NAT-PT
l
IPv6 tunneling
l
6PE
IPv6 routing
l
IPv6 static routing management
Dynamic routing protocols
l
RIPng
l
OSPFv3
l
IS-ISv6
l
BGP4+
Multicast routing protocols
l
MLD
l
PIM-DM
l
PIM-SM
l
PIM-SSM

Port security
l
PPPoE Client&Server
l
PORTAL 2.0
l
802.1x

AAA
l
Local authentication
l
Radius
l
HWTacacs



Firewall
l
ASPF
l
ACL
l
FILTER
l
Attack Protection
Data security
l
IKE
l
IPSec
l
Encryption card
l
Portal
l
Portal+
Other security
technologies
l
L2TP
l
NAT/NAPT
l
PKI
l
RSA
l
SSH V1.5/2.0
l
SSL
l
URPF
l
GRE
l
EAD
Reliability
l
Supports VRRP
l
Supports the backup center
L2 QoS
l
SP
l
WRED(Port)
l
CAR
l
LR
l
Flow-base QOS Policy
l
Port-Based Mirroring
l
Flow-Based Mirroring
l
Cos-Based HOLB(Head of Line Blocking)Prevention
l
Packet Remarking
l
Flow Redirect
l
Flow Accounting
l
Priority Mapping
l
Port Trust Mode
l
Port Priority
l
Flow Filter
l
FlowControl&Backpressure
l
ACL
Traffic supervision
l
Supports CAR (Committed Access Rate)
l
Supports LR (Line Rate)
Congestion
management
l
FIFO, PQ, CQ, WFQ, CBQ and RTPQ
Congestion
avoidance
l
WRED/RED
Traffic shaping
l
Supports GTS (Generic Traffic Shaping)
QOS
Other QOS
technologies
l
FR QOS
l
MPLS QOS
l
MP QoS/LFI
l
cRTP/IPHC
l
ATM QOS
l
Sub-interface QOS
l
User Profile



Codec
l
G.711A law
l
G.711U law
l
G.723R53
l
G.723R63
l
G.729a
l
G.729R8
Media Process
l
RTP/cRTP
l
IPHC
Conformed standard
l
802.11b
l
802.11g
l
WPA
l
WPA 2
l
WMM
MAC address
management
l
Multi-SSID, SSID hiding
l
Station aging, station keepalive
l
Power-saving mode, access authentication
l
802.11 DCF scheduling
l
Short-retry threshold, long-retry threshold
l
Frame-rx lifetime, frame-tx lifetime
l
Frame fragmentation
l
Preamble-length type
l
AP radio interfaces record statistics
l
Automatically adjust transmit data rate
l
802.11g protection
l
Multi-SSID-VLAN binding
l
Layer 2 forwarding
l
Layer 3 forwarding
Security
l
Open system authentication
l
Shared-key authentication
l
Advertisement of RSNA capability
l
Negotiate about WPA capability
l
802.1x authentication
l
EAP
l
PMK (pairwise master key)
l
PTK (pairwise transient key)
l
WEP-40, WEP-104
l
TKIP
l
AES-CCMP
l
Use different cipher suites in different ESS static blacklist
l
Supporting combination of multiple algorithms
Wireless
RF
l
RF-related parameters customizable
Maintainability Network
management
l
SNMP V1/V2c/V3
l
MIB
l
SYSLOG
l
RMON
l
Web-based network management system
l
CWMP(TR-069)



Local management
l
Command line management
l
File system management
l
Auto-config
l
Dual image
l
Hotfix
l
User Profile
User access
management
l
Supports console interface login
l
Supports AUX interface login
l
Supports TTY interface login
l
Supports telnet (VTY) login
l
Supports SSH login
l
Supports FTP login
l
Supports X25 PAD login
l
XMODEM

4.2 System Performance Specifications of Quidway AR
4945 Routers
Table 4-2 System performance index of Quidway AR 4945 routers
Specification AR 49-45
Packet processing capacity 600Kpps
Frame delay (64Bytes in the
maximum of 100% traffic)
< 0.1 ms
Frame loss rate (in the
maximum of 110% traffic)
< 10%
System startup time <120s



5 Applications and Solutions
5.1 Network Application of Integrated Multiple Services
By leveraging pinch cards directly embedded in the main board and the new VRP5
software platform from Huawei, the next generation of AR series routers provides a
full set of services integrating switching, voice and security applications in order to
implement a variety of services applications cost-effectively and conveniently,
including voice applications.
Figure 5-1 Networking diagram for the integrated multi-service application

AR -NG rout er provi de
VPN
St at e f i rewal l
NAT
QOS
FAX /PSTN /VOI CE
I ntel l i gent management
BI MS
E1/T1 Hi gh-densi t y voi ce
Network anal ysi s and
perf ormance detecti on
Swi t ch
Branche
Headquarters
Voi ce
Access
VPN
Access
I nternet
Access
Voi ce and Fax
Servers and PC
Web servwers
Voi ce and Fax
AR 49
AR 19/ 29
AR 19/ 29



5.2 Network Application of Comprehensive Services in
Enterprises
For small- and medium-sized businesses (SMBs), a full series of AR 19/29/49 routers
can be used for comprehensive services networks, where AR 4945 routers serve as
the core in enterprises and AR 19/29 series routers as the access devices in branches.
A variety of services are available, including data, video, voice and fax. For large or
ultra large enterprises, Quidway NE series high-end and core routers are used as the
core in enterprises and AR 29/49 routers as the access devices on the edge and
aggregation layer in branches. The following illustrates a typical network application
where AR 4945 routers serve as the core.
Figure 5-2 Integrated networking diagram for the medium and big-sized enterprises

Headquarters
Branch
Office
AR 19/29
AR 49
PBX
PBX PBX
Client Client
Client
PC
PC
PC
Sever MCU
E1
Carrier
Network
AR 19/29

Quidway AR 4945 routers are used in the headquarters and connected to branch
networks through Ethernet, digital data network (DDN), frame relay, X.25 or
synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) to form a backbone. Quidway AR 19/29 series
routers are used in branches and connected to remote users through Ethernet,
PSTN/ISDN to provide access services for home office and mobile office users.
Lots of network services are available, including popular services at present, for
example, data transfer, VoIP, fax and video.
5.3 Carrier Network Applications
Quidway AR 19/29/49 series is applicable to networks in enterprises. In addition, it
can be used as routers on the aggregation or access layer in carriers networks to



form a comprehensive data communication network with high-end and core routers,
high-end and core switches, low-end and mid-range routers and firewall. Here is a
typical network.
Figure 5-3 Networking application in the carrier network or big-sized network

Backbone
NE Series
Bank
AR 49
Switch Switch
AR 19/29
Switch
155M/1000M
100M
2M
Firewall

Quidway NE series high-end and core routers are used in the core to form a backbone
ring network. NE40, NE16E and NE08E can function as core routers. 155M POS or
GE links are used in the backbone. At the same time, dual devices are used in each
stage for higher reliability of backbone.
AR 19/29/49 series routers are used on the aggregation layer and the access layer to
access the networks on the corresponding layers. These devices use 155M, 100M
Ethernet and 2M lines as their communication links.
Other high-end, mid-range and low-end devices from Quidway are used as switches
and firewall in the network.
5.4 IPv6 Network Application
The next generation of AR series routers provides a full support for IPv6, one of its
important features. To protect user investments and the compatibility with the existing
IPv4 networks, IPv4 is also supported. With dual-stacking technology, the next
generation of AR series routers can ensure the concurrent operation of pure IPv4
devices and pure IPv6 devices in a network properly. The following figure is an IPv6
network application.



Figure 5-4 IPv6 network diagram

IPv4 Internet
IPv6 Internet
DDN/ATM/FR
DSTN/ISDN
Branch (IPv4)
Dial -in
network
(IPv4)
Branch stack
IPv4 host IPv6 host
Dual -stacking
server
IPv6 over IPv 4
IPv6 / IPv4 hybrid link
IPv6 to IPv4 tunnel
IPv6 link
IPv4 link
NAT-PT
DSTM
Headquarters
Dual -stacking
server
AR 19/29
AR 19/29
AR 19/29
AR 49
AR 49
AR 49

AR 4945 routers with IPv6/IPv4 dual-stacking technology are used in the
headquarters and AR 19/29 series routers are used in branches. You can use IPv4
independently or IPv6/IPv4 dual-stacking technology for networking. For network
communications from IPv6 to IPv4, tunneling also can be used to realize seamless
communications between IPv6 and IPv4 networks.
5.5 MPLS VPN Network Application
The next generation of AR series routers supports MPLS VPN technology that can be
used to build a network. Quidway NE series high-end and core routers and AR 4945
routers are used in the headquarters; Quidway AR 19/29 series routers are used in
branches or partners networks. . NE series routers can function as P devices and AR
4945 routers can function as PE devices to access the networks in branches. More
than one VPN can be built for different services so as to guarantee security between
them.
The following figure is a typical network.



Figure 5-5 MPLS VPN network application

PE
PE
PE
PE
Quidway AR 49
AR 49
AR 49
Network
management
center in
headquarters
Accounting
center in
headquarters
Network
management in
branch
Network
management in
branch
OA or accounting
center in
headquarters
OA or accounting
center in
headquarters
Quidway AR19/29
Branch node 1
Branch node 2
VPN of
Network
management
VPN of
accounting
VPN of OA
TE tunnel
Logical services
network
OA center in
headquarters
MPLS Backbone
Quidway
Quidway
Quidway AR19/29
Quidway AR19/29
Quidway AR19/29

Quidway NE series high-end and core routers are used as P devices in the
headquarters. AR 4945 routers are also used as PE devices to access the service
networks of branches. With VPF technology, diverse services in branches are
partitioned into different VPN networks through PE devices, guaranteeing the security
and reliability of services.
AR 19/29 series routers are used in branches to connect to AR 4945 routers in the
headquarters. Different services are separated through physical networks in branches.
When there are many services in a physical network, the VRF feature of AR 49 can
realize logical separation of service networks.
You can use different ways to build tunnels for MPLS VPN services. Using MPLS TE
tunnel to carry VPN services is of great benefits in many aspects. As a result, VPN
services have superior security and reliable QoS guarantee. Additionally, carriers can
customize MPLS TE tunnels with different features to meet VPN user requirements.
5.6 Network Application of Voice Services
The next generation of AR series routers provides mainstream voice communication
protocols like H.323 and SIP for a variety of voice services such as emergency
call/help in power off/dial-in policy/fax/E-PHONE and a variety of voice interfaces such
as FXS/FXO/VE1 /E&M.
By leveraging an extensible structure, the next generation of AR series routers
allocates DSP resources consistently for higher DSP resource utilization, higher
access density and local TDM switching. On the one hand, it provides qualified voice



services. On the other hand, it avoids DSP resource occupation of local calls and
saves DSP resources.
If you do not need voice services, AR series provide flexible pinch card design to help
save investments.
Figure 5-6 Networking diagram for voice services

PBX
PBX
PBX
PBX
PBX
AR 49
GK
GK
E1
E1
AT0/E1
PBX
PSTN
/ISDN
Headquarters
Level - 2
Center
Edge
Analog
Phone /EHPONE
GW
E1
IP
Network
DDN/Frame
Relay/ IP
AR 29/49
Level- 3
Center
DDN/Frame
Relay/IP
DDN/Frame
Relay/ IP
DDN/ Frame
Relay/IP
AR 29/49
AR 29/49
AR 29/49
AR 19/29
AR 19/29/49
AR 19/29
AR 29/49 AR 29/49

5.7 Network Application of Security Services
By inheriting all security features of previous versions of VRP software platform and
supporting the routing and switch convergence feature of VRP5 version, the next
generation of AR series routers allows to implement a secure VPN network through
the existing Internet.
AR 4945 routers are used as the core in enterprises and AR 19/29 series routers are
used as the access devices in branches. By combining robust service performances
of AR 29/49 routers, enterprises can implement a qualified and multi-services
comprehensive security network.
The following is a typical security network application of AR 29/49 series routers.



Figure 5-7 Networking diagram for security services

00
`
Mobile User
Branch
SOHO
Intranet
Headquarters
Firewall
External
Firewall
AR 19/29
AR 29
AR 19/29
AR 49
CA
VPN
Server
Internet Server
IDS
Switching Modules:
VLAN Isolation
Port Access Authentication
Quidview
Authentication
Log Server
PSIN/ISDN
L
2
T
P
+
I
P
S
E
C
L
2
T
P
+
IP
S
E
C
I
P
S
E
C
LAC

Combined with robust performances of security services, AR 49 routers are used in
the headquarters as the application security service gateway. At the same time, it can
function as an external firewall to protect the security of the Intranet. With VLAN
separation and 802.1x functions, you can carry out security access authentication for
the Intranet users directly through switching modules.
AR 29 routers are used in branches as access to VPN and IPSec. At the same time,
AR 29 routers can function as VPN access gateway to provide VPN access for SOHO
and mobile employees.
5.8 Network Application of Integrated Routing and
Switch
The next generation of AR series routers has realized an integrated design and
implementation in terms of software and hardware. You can use all features of routers
and switches smoothly. For small- and medium-sized businesses (SMBs), a full series
of AR 19/29/49 routers can be used for comprehensive services networks, where AR
4945 routers serve as the core in enterprises and AR 19/29 series routers as the
access devices in branches. A variety of services are available, including data, video,
voice and fax. For large or ultra large enterprises, Quidway NE series high-end and
core routers are used as the core in enterprises and AR 29/49 series routers as the
access devices on the edge and aggregation layer in branches. The following
illustrates a typical network application where AR 4945 routers serve as the core.



Figure 5-8 Networking diagram of routing and switching convergence

Headquarters
Branch
Office
AR 19/29
AR 49
PBX
PBX PBX
Client Client
Client
PC
PC
PC
Sever MCU
E1
Carrier
Network
AR 19/29

Quidway AR 4945 routers are used in the headquarters and connected to branch
networks through Ethernet, digital data network (DDN), frame relay, X.25 or
synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) to form a backbone.
Quidway AR 19/29 series routers are used in branches and connected to remote
users through Ethernet, PSTN/ISDN to provide access services for home office and
mobile office users.
Lots of network services are available, including popular services at present, for
example, data transfer, VoIP, fax and video.



6 Ordering Guide
6.1 Host
Table 6-1 List of AR 49 Router Chassis
Name Description remark
RT-AR 49-45-AC-OVS Quidway AR 49-45 Router
Chassis (w/One AC
Power), 4FIC, Overseas
Version
-
RT-AR 49-45-DC-OVS Quidway AR 49-45 Router
Chassis (DC), 4FIC,
Overseas Version
-
RT-MPUF Quidway AR 49 Main
Processing Unit, 2GE,
4SIC, 256F/256D
MPUF is required for AR 49-45, with
two GE combo interfaces
RT-MSCA Quidway AR 49
Multi-Service Module
MSCA required if purchasing multiple
service modules such as ESM, VPM
and VCPM; with 2 ESM slots, and 1
VCPM slot, as well as 4 VPM slots
AC-PSR350-A10-OVS Quidway AR 49 Router AC
Power Module,PSR350,
Overseas Version
One AC power supply provided for
RT-AR49-45-AC-OVS, being
configured if 1+1 power supply
backup is required
DC-PSR350-D10 Quidway AR 49 Router DC
Power Module,PSR350
One DC power supply provided for
RT-AR49-45-DC-OVS, being
configured if 1+1 power supply
backup is required



6.2 Interface Modules Available for AR 49-45
Table 6-2 List of SIC interface modules of AR 49-45
RT-SIC-4FSW 4-Port 10M/100M Ethernet
L2 Switch Module(RJ45)
Two modules capable; only for slot 2
and slot 4; cables not provided for
modules
RT-DSIC-9FSW 9-Port 10M/100M Ethernet
L2 Switch Module(RJ45)
Two modules capable; cables not
provided for modules
RT-SIC-1GEC 1-Port 10M/100M/1000M
Combo Ethernet Interface
SIC Module
and slot 4; either electrical interface
mode or optical interface ; when both
interfaces coexist, electrical interface
is prior; in the optical interface mode,
you need to purchase SFP optical
module and cable independently
RT-SIC-1FEA 1-Port 10/100M Ethernet
Electrical Interface
Board(RJ45)
and slot 4
RT-SIC-1SAE 1-Port Enhanced
Sync/Async Interface Card
The SAE provides DB28 interfaces.
Choose DB28 cables for DTE/DCE
according to specific serial interface
protocols such as V.35, V.24, X.21,
RS530 and RS449
RT-SIC-1AM-V3 1-Port Analog Modem
Interface Module
With cables
RT-SIC-2AM-V3 2-Port Analog Modem
Interface Module
With cables
RT-SIC-1ADSL 1-Port ADSL over POTS
Interface Module
and slot 4; ADSL2+ capable, with
cables; if splitter necessary, purchase
it independently
RT-SIC-EPRI 1-Port E1/CE1/PRI
Interface Card
Extra E1 cables of 75 ohm or 120
ohm required
RT-SIC-1E1-F 1-Port E1 Interface
Card-Fractional
ohm required
RT-SIC-2E1-F 2Port E1 Interface
Card-Fractional
Extra E1 cables of 75 ohm o required
RT-SIC-1VE1 1-Port E1 Voice SIC
Interface Module
RT-MSCA, RT-VCPM and
RT-VPM32/VPM24/VPM16/VPM8 are
required (the number of VPM
depends on configuration demand)If
the customer has had the modules
such as MSCA, VCPM and VPM



available, those modules mentioned
above are optional
RT-SIC-1FXS-V2 1-Port Analog Line
Interface Card,FXS-V2
With cables
RT-SIC-2FXS-V2 2-Port Analog Line
Interface Card,FXS-V2
With cables
RT-SIC-1FXO-V2 1-Port Analog Trunk
Interface Card,FXO-V2
With cables
RT-SIC-2FXO-V2 2-Port Analog Trunk
Interface Card,FXO-V2
With cables
RT-SIC-2FXS1FXO 2FXS+1FXO Voice
Interface SIC Module
With cables

Table 6-3 List of FIC interface modules of AR 49-45
RT-FIC-16FSW 16-Port 10M/100M and
1-Port
1000BASE-T/1000BASE-X
(COMBO) Ethernet L2
Switch FIC Interface
Module
With one group of Combo interfaces
available, Electrical interfaces prior; in
the optical interface mode, you need
to purchase SFP optical module and
cable independently
RT-DFIC-24FSW 24-Port 10M/100M and
2-Port
1000BASE-T/1000BASE-X
(COMBO) Ethernet L2
Switch FIC Interface
Module
AR49-45 supports the full
configuration of two modules, with 2
groups of Combo interfaces available;
Electrical interfaces prior; in the
optical interface mode, you need to
purchase SFP optical module and
cable independently
RT-FIC-1FE-V2 1-Port 10M/100M Ethernet
Electrical Interface FIC
Module(RJ45)
With cables
RT-FIC-2FE-V2 2-Port 10M/100M Ethernet
Module(RJ45)
With cables
RT-FIC-1GBE-V2 1-Port 1000M Ethernet
Module(RJ45)
With cables
RT-FIC-2GBE-V2 2-Port 1000M Ethernet
Module(RJ45)
With cables
RT-FIC-1GEF-V2 1-Port 1000M Ethernet Extra optical module and optical fibers



Optical Interface FIC
Module
required
RT-FIC-2GEF-V2 2-Port 1000M Ethernet
Optical Interface FIC
Module
Extra optical module and optical fibers
required
RT-FIC-2SAE-V2 2-Port Enhanced
Sync/Async Serial Interface
FIC Module
Cable module provides DB28
interfaces; one cable for one
interface; choose DB28 cables for
DTE/DCE according to specific serial
interface protocols such as V.35,
V.24, X.21, RS530 and RS449
FIC Module
interfaces; one cable for one
interface; choose DB28 for DTE/DCE
RS530 and RS449
FIC Module
interfaces; one cable is for one
interface; choose DB28 for DTE/DCE
RS530 and RS449
RT-FIC-8ASE-V2 8-Port Asynchronous Serial
Interface FIC
Module(RJ45)
Extra cables required
RT-FIC-16ASE-V2 16-Port Asynchronous
Serial Interface FIC
Module(RJ45)
Extra cables required
RT-FIC-1E1-V3 1-Port E1/CE1/PRI
Interface FIC Module
ohm required; one cable for one
interface
interface
ohm required; one cable is for one
cable
RT-FIC-8E1(75)-V2 8-Port E1/CE1/PRI
Interface FIC
Module(75ohm)
Extra 8E1 cables of 75 ohm
(04040117:CAB-75 ohm
8E1-3M-BNC) required; if the peer
uses the cables of 120 ohm, choose
04026183 1 E1-120 ohm-75 ohm
transfer box cables (BNC socket
14040083) for match of resistance



RT-FIC-2E1-F-V3 2-Port Fractional E1
interface
RT-FIC-4E1-F-V3 4-Port Fractional E1
interface
RT-FIC-8E1(75)-F-V2 8-Port Fractional E1
Interface FIC
Module(75ohm)
Extra 8E1 cables of 75 ohm
(04040117:CAB-75 ohm
8E1-3M-BNC) required; if the peer
uses the cables of 120 ohm, choose
04026183 1 E1-120 ohm-75 ohm
transfer box cables (BNC socket
14040083) for match of resistance
RT-FIC-1CE3-V3 1-Port E3/CE3 Interface
FIC Module
Extra E3 cables required
RT-FIC-1VE1 1-Port E1 Voice FIC
Interface Module
Extra MSCA boards and E1 cables
required; choose different VPM
modules according to the number of
VOIP channels required by
customers, with VPM32, VPM16,
VPM24 and VPM8 available at
present; choose VCPM and VPM
modules if TDM switching is required
between boards
RT-FIC-2VE1 2-Port E1 Voice FIC
Interface Module
Extra E1 cables required; one cable
for one interface; choose different
VPM modules according to the
number of VOIP channels required by
customers, with VPM32, VPM16,
VPM24 and VPM8 available at
present; choose VCPM and VPM
modules if TDM switching is required
between boards
RT-FIC-4FXS-V3 4-Port Analog Line
Interface FIC Module(FXS)
With cables
RT-FIC-4FXO-V3 4-Port Analog Trunk
Interface FIC Module(FXO)
With cables
RT-FIC-1ATM-OC3 1-Port OC-3 ATM FIC
Module
Extra
transceiver(single-mode,multi-mode.l
ong distance single-mode) and optical
fibers required
RT-FIC-1AE3-V2 1-Port ATM over E3
Extra E3 cables required
RT-FIC-1CPOS(E)-V2 1-Port Channelized POS
155M to E1 Interface
Channel capable; extra optical
module and optical fibers required



Module (SFP, LC)
RT-FIC-1POS-V2 1-Port Packet over
SDH/SONET Interface FIC
Module
Extra optical module and optical fibers
required
RT-FIC-24S24O 24FXO+24FXS High
Density Voice Double FIC
Interface Module
Extra cable need choose
RT-FIC-24FXS 24FXS HIGH DENSITY
FXS FIC Interface Module
Extra cable need choose

The built-in modules of AR 49-45 have two types: Encryption Sub-cards and Voice
Processing Sub-cards modules.
Table 6-4 List of Encryption Sub-cards of AR 49-45
RT-ESM-ANDE Advanced Network
Data Encryption ESM
Module
Required if hardware encryption
is configured; built-in on the
ESM of multi-service module;
saving the slots
RT-ESM-SNDE Standard Network Data
Encryption ESM
Module
Required if hardware encryption
is configured; built-in on the
ESM of multi-service module;
saving the slots

The multi-service Modules: RT-MSCA is required if such modules as ESM, VCPM and
VPM are used; that is, such modules as ESM, VCPM and VPM cannot work without
RT-MSCA. If the router of customer has been configured with MSCA, do not use
another.
Table 6-5 List of Voice Processing Sub-cards Modules of AR 49-45
RT-VCPM Voice Co-processing
Module
Required if voice interface of
SIC-1VE1 is configured; it is only
available for the local module
although it has been integrated with
FIC-1/2VE1; required if inter-module
local switching necessary,
RT-VPM32 32-Channel Voice
Processing Module
Optional for E1 voice module;
32-channel concurrent IP voice
(G.711, G.723 and G.729) online
capable



Processing Module
(G.711, G.723 and G.729) online
capable
Processing Module
(G.711, G.723 and G.729) online
capable
Processing Module
8-channel concurrent IP voice (G.711,
G.723 and G.729) online capable



A Acronyms and Abbreviations
DFIC Double Width Flexible Interface Card
DMIM Double Width & Height Multi-Functional Interface Module
DSIC Double Width Smart Interface Card
ESM Enhanced Service Module
ESM-ANDE Enhanced Service Module- Advanced Network Data Encryption
ESM-SNDE Enhanced Service Module-Standard Network Data Encryption
FIC Flexible Interface Card
LPU Line Processing Unit
MIM Multi-Functional Interface Module
MPUF Main Process Unit F
MSCA Multi-service Card A
NQA Network Quality Analysis
SIC Smart Interface Card
VCPM Voice Co-Processing Module
VE1 Voice E1
VPM Voice Processing Module
VRP Versatile Routing Platform

Quidway AR 4945 Router System Description

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