II
Saran: Congrats Varun. I really felt very happy
when I heard that our team had won the
match yesterday. I shall be delighted if I
hear more such news.
(´’† team E†o ÈíL-*ç-ü¿E N†-í¬ØË,
î√™« ÆæçûÓ-≠æ-°æú≈f†’. É™«çöÀ ¢√®Ωh©’
Éçé¬ Nçõ‰ ؈’ ÆæçûÓ-≠œ-≤ƒh†’.)
Varun: Thank you, sir. We are glad that we
always have your encouragement.
(O’ v§Úû√q£æ«ç ´÷èπ◊ç-úøôç ´÷Èé-°æ¤púø÷
ÆæçûÓ-≠æ¢Ë’)
Saran: Boys, I was telling you all along that you
should not lose confidence. 1) °∂晫† °æE-îÁ-ߪ÷u-©E (to go = ¢Á∞«x-©E)
(O’èπ◊ ؈’ îÁ•’-ûª÷ØË ÖØ√o†’ éπü∆, Çûªt- 2) °∂晫† °æE-îË-ߪ’ôç (to go = ¢Á∞¡xôç)
N-¨»yÆæç éÓ™p-èπÿ-úø-ü¿E.) 3) °∂晫† °æE-îË-ߪ’-ö«-EéÀ (to go = ¢Á∞¡x-ö«-EéÀ)
Varun: Thank you again sir. In fact we didn't
expect that we would win. But we
played to our capacity. The other team's
mistakes helped us.
(´’Sx thanks. ÅÆæ©’ ¢Ë’ç Èí©’-≤ƒh-´’-†’-éÓ-
™‰ü¿’. Å®·ûË ´÷ ¨¡éÀh-éÌDl Çú≈ç, Å´-ûªL
team §Ò®Ω-§ƒô’x ´÷èπ◊ Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç î˨»®·.)
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 154
We are glad to have your..
Saran: I warned you too that you should not
take things lightly, and you should be
aggressive.
(-N’-´’t-Lo £«îªa-Jç-î√†’ èπÿú≈, üËFo ûËL-
éπí¬ BÆæ’-éÓ-èπÿ-úø-ü¿F, ü¿÷èπ◊-úø’í¬ Öçú≈-©F.)
aggressive= ü¿÷èπ◊-úø’í¬, îÌ®Ω-´í¬ Öçúøôç
Varun: True sir. We are delighted that we have
such encouragement and advice from
you. We are thrilled that we have won
this difficult match.
(Eï-´’çúÕ. Å™«çöÀ v§Úû√q£æ«ç, Ææ©£æ…
O’®Ω’ ´÷éÀ-Ææ’h-†oç-ü¿’èπ◊ î√-™« ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬
ÖçC. Éçûª éπ≠d-¢æ Á’i† match ÈíL-î√-´’E
°æ¤©-éÀç-ûªí¬ ÖçC.)
Saran: My only desire is that I should not hear
about the defeat of our college team in
any match.
Varun: You can be sure that we will always do
our best sir.
(¨»ßª’-¨¡-èπ◊h™« ¢Ë’ç v°æߪ’ûªoç îË≤ƒh´’E
O’®Ω’ †¢Á·ta)
Saran: I was a bit hurt when I heard some of
the lecturers talking low of our team.
(´’† lecturers ™ éÌçü¿®Ω’ ´’† team
í∫’Jç* ûªèπ◊\-´ -îËÆœ ´÷ö«x-ú≈-®ΩE ¶«üµ¿-
°æ-ú≈f†’).
Varun: Let them sir. They will be surprised
when they hear our team too can win
matches.
(
´÷ö«x-úø-E-´yçúÕ, sir, ´’† team èπÿú≈
matches Èí©-´-í∫-©-ü¿E ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-†o-°æ¤púø’
Ǩ¡a-®Ωu-§Ú-û√®Ω’).
Saran: OK boy, keep it up. ( Å™«-Íí-é¬F).
English conversation, simple í¬, direct í¬ Öçõ‰
î√™« Ææ£æ«-ïçí¬ Öçô’ç-ü¿E ¢Á·ü¿-öÀ-†’ç* îÁ°æ‹hØË
ÖØ√oç. Ñ lesson ™ ÉC ´’®Ó-≤ƒJ îª÷ü∆lç.
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
Clause Åçõ‰– Verb Ö†o group of words.
´’†ç ´÷ö«x-úË-ô-°æ¤púø’ ´’† sentences ™
O™„j-†çûª´®Ωèπÿ clauses ûªT_ç--èπ◊çõ‰ sentences
Ææ®Ω-∞¡çí¬ Åçü¿-Jéà ŮΩnç ÅßË’u-ô’xç-ö«®·. Å®·ûË
é¬xV©’ ᙫ ´C-Lç--éÓ-´ôç? Infinitives ¢√úÕ.
Infinitive Åçõ‰? Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ È®çúø’, ´‚úø’
≤ƒ®Ω’x N´-Jç-î√ç -éπü∆? ´’Sx í∫’®Ω’h-îË-Ææ’hØ√oç.
í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ: Infinitive Åçõ‰, to + Ist RDW
(Regular Doing Word)- to go, to come, to
walk, to learn, etc. infinitives.
É´Fo
Infinitive
èπ◊ Å®Ωnç-–
a) I want to go =
Ø√èπ◊ ¢Á∞«x-©E ÖçC.
b) To go now is not safe =
É°æ¤púø’ ¢Á∞¡xôç Íé~´’ç é¬ü¿’.
c) He stood up to go -
¢Á∞¡x-ö«-EéÀ ™‰* E©’--Ø√oúø’.
î√™« Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x °ü¿l-°ü¿l clause ©èπ◊ •ü¿’©’,
Infinitive ¢√úÕ Ææç-¶µ«-≠æù Ææ®Ω∞¡ç îËߪ’-´îª’a.
How we can do it is the matter of this lesson.
Let's now look at the following sentences
from the conversation above.
1) I really felt happy
when I heard that our
team had won the
match.
2) I shall be delighted if I
hear more such news.
M. SURESAN
3) We are glad that we
always have your encouragement.
4) I was telling you all along that you should not
lose confidence.
5) ...We didn't expect that we would win the
match.
6) I warned you that you should not take things
lightly and that you should be aggressive
7) ... We are delighted that we have such
encouragement and advice from you
8) We are thrilled that we have won this difficult
match
9) My only desire is that I should not hear about
the defeat of our college team
10) I was a bit hurt when I heard some of the
lecturers talking low...
11) They will be surprised when they hear our
team too can win matches.
All the parts of sentences underlined
above are clauses, aren't they? We are
now going to simplify them by using
infinitives in their places.
clauses ≤ƒn†ç™ infinitives ¢√úÕ sentences
†’ É™« Ææ®Ω∞¡ç îËߪ’çúÕ.
1) I really felt happy when I heard our team had
won the match.
I really felt happy to hear that our team had
won the match... to hear about our team's
success.
îª÷úøçúÕ áçûª simple Å®·-§Ú-®·çüÓ to hear
ûÓ infinitive ´©x.
í∫’®Ω’¢√®Ωç 1 1 -¢Ë’ 2006
2) I shall be delighted if I hear more such news
4) É™«çöÀ P©pç îª÷Æœ-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊ Ø√èπ◊ °æ¤©-éÀçûªí¬ ÖçC.
= (delighted = ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ Öçúøôç)
I am thrilled that I have seen such a beauti-
3) We are glad that we always have your
ful statue =
encouragement =
I am really thrilled to have seen...
We are glad to have your encouragement
É™«çöÀ examples †’ O’®Ω÷ practice îËߪ’çúÕ.
4) I was telling you all along that you should not
Infinitive ´©xØË é¬èπ◊çú≈, ü∆çûÓ-§ƒô’ ÉçÍé
lose confidence =
Nüµ¿çí¬ØÁjØ√ sentences †’ Ææ®Ω∞¡ç îËߪ’-ö«Eo
I was telling you not to lose confidence
practice îËߪ’çúÕ.
5) We didn't expect that we would win the
match =
... expect to win
6) I warned you that you shouldn't take things
lightly and that you should be aggressive = EXERCISE
I warned not to take things lightly and to be Practise the following aloud in
aggressive. English. Use only infinitives.
7) We.. that we have such encouragement and
Komal: †’´¤y foreign ¢Á∞¡Ÿ-ûª’-Ø√o-´E NE
advice from you =
Ø√èπ◊ î√™« džçü¿çí¬ ÖçC.
Syamal: †’´¤y èπÿú≈ ûªy®Ω™ØË Åéπ\-úÕ-éÌ-Ææ’h-
Komal:
Ø√o-´E ûÁLÆœ ؈’ ÆæçûÓ-≠œ-Ææ’h-
Ø√o†’.
ØËØ√ v°æߪ’ûªoç O’ü¿ ÖØ√o-†E
ûÁLÊÆh ´÷ Å´÷t, Ø√Ø√o Eïçí¬
¶«üµ¿-°æ-úø-û√®Ω’. ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ ؈’
We are delighted to have such encourage-
™‰èπ◊çú≈ Öçúøôç éπ≠ædçí¬
ment and advice from you =
Öçô’çC.
...to have your encouragement and advice.
Syamal: ††’o ¢Á∞¡x-E-´yôç ´÷ Å´’tèπÿ
8) We are thrilled that we have won this difficult
É≠ædç ™‰ü¿’. é¬F ØËØË †îªa-ñ„§ƒp†’.
match =
Komal: ´÷ Å´’t ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ ؈’ ûªy®Ωí¬
We are thrilled to have won this difficult
AJT ´îËa-≤ƒh-†E ´÷ô É≤ƒh.
match
¢√∞¡xèπ◊ ûªy®Ω™ ÅC Å©-¢√-õ„j-
9) My only desire is that I should not hear about §Ú-ûª’çC.
the defeat of our college team =
Syamal: Å®·ûË ´÷ Ø√†o ´÷vûªç î√™«
My only desire is not to hear the ... of our Ö§Òpç-T-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’ Ø√éà Ŵ-鬨¡ç
college teams
´*aç-ü¿E N†-ö«-EéÀ.
10) I was a bit hurt when I heard some of our Komal: ؈÷ v°æߪ’-Ao≤ƒh.
lecturers talking low ... to hear some of our
lecturers ... ANSWER
11) They will be surprised when they hear our Komal: I am very happy to hear that
team... = They will be surprised to hear... you are going abroad/ about
So, you have seen how an infinitive can your travel abroad.
make your speech shorter, simpler and
Syamal: I am happy too that to know
direct.
that you too are coming.
°j† ´’†ç infinitive ûÓ replace îËÆœ† ¢√öÀ™x Komal: Mom and dad will be sorry to
áèπ◊\´ that clauses. (that ûÓ begin ÅßË’u know about my trials. It will
clauses éπü∆) OöÀE ´·êuçí¬ infinitive ûÓ
be difficult for them to be
replace îËÆ œ, short îËߪ’-´îª’a.
without me.
Éçé¬ îª÷úøçúÕ.
Syamal: Mom didn't like to hear it first,
1) †’´¤y exam ™ fail Åߪ÷u-´E Nçõ‰ ؈’ ¶«üµ¿-
but I convinced her.
°æ-úø-û√†’ =
Komal: I will promise to mom and
I shall be sorry if I hear that you have failed
dad to return early. Soon they
the exam =
will get used to it.
I shall be sorry to hear that you have...
2) ( get used = be used =
Åçûª ûªy®Ωí¬ ¢Á∞«xLq ´*a-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊ ؈’ î√™« ¶«üµ¿-
°æ-ú≈f†’ = Å©-¢√-ô’-°æ-úøôç)
I was sorry that I had to leave so early =
Syamal: Dad was happy to hear that I
I was sorry to leave so early
got this opportunity.
3) É™«çöÀ v°æ¨»çûª v°æüË-¨¡ç™ Ø√éÓ É©’xçõ‰ ÆæçûÓ-≠æ-
°æ-úø-û√†’ = Komal: I'll try too.
I'd (I would) love it if I had a house in such
a peaceful place = I'd (I would) love to have
a house in...